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BIOLOGIA

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CENTRALI-AMERICANA,,

INSECTA

LEPIDOPTERA-RHOPALOCERA.

Vou. II.
(TEXT)

FREDERICK DUCANE GODMAN, D.C.L., F.RS., &c.,

AND
OSBERT SALVIN, M.A., F.RS., &c.,

WITH A NOTE ON THE GROUP EUMZAZIDI,

SAMUEL HUBBARD SCUDDER,

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

1887-1901.
ZEIASONAR

Rea 14r4

LIBRARIES, 2

CONTENTS

Lyc@NiIpm

PapILIONIDE .
PIERINE
Pierina
Dismorphiina
PAPILIONIN#
HESPERIIDE
PYRRHOPYGINE .
HESPERIINE .

PAaMPHILINE

SUPPLEMENT To Vo.s. I. anp II.

Errata Et CorRIGENDA TO Vot. II.

Inprex to Vous. I. ann II. .

OF VOL.

Note on the Group Eumeidi, by Samurex H. ScupprEr

BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA.

ZOOLOGIA.

Class INSECTA. |
Order LEPIDOPTERA.

Suborder RHOPALOCERA.
Fam. LYCH NIDA.

Though the species of Lycenide are exceedingly numerous in the New World, their
number probably being not far short of those of all the rest of the world put together,
they do not present anything like the same amount of diversity as regards their
structure. |

The comprehensive genus Thecla as understood in its wide sense includes nearly all
the neotropical Lycenide. Lycena, by which we mean the Blues (Cupido of Kirby’s
catalogue), is represented by a few species only, and there are some aberrant forms to
which we refer below. Asin the case of the Erycinide, we have prepared a large
number of specimens for microscopical examination, and from these we have examined
the neuration of the wings, the legs, the labial palpi, and the secondary sexual organs,
and from the unprepared specimens the form of the wings, the antenne, and the
arrangement of the frontal scales; and from the characters found we have built
up the arrangement which follows. We now briefly discuss them seriatim.

The antenne.—The form of the club in the antenne in Thecla is variable, being as a
rule less prominent in those species which we have placed at the beginning of the genus
than in those which come towards the end. The number of joints, too, also varies ;
in T. regalis we count 39, in T. herodotus only 29, other species have intermediate
numbers; Lycena acmon has 31. In Thecla and its allies a few spines are scattered
amongst the scales of all the joints, but in Lycena we do not notice any.

The palpi—The third or terminal joint of the palpi varies greatly in the different
species and very often in the sexes of the same species, being longer in the female than

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1887. | B

2 RHOPALOCERA.

in the male; the tubular pit at the distal end seems to be always present. We have
made use, in a subsidiary sense, of the difference in the length of the terminal joint in
the sexes; but the gradation between different species in this respect is so complete,
that the character is not available for any higher division.

The eyes.—In both sections of the family of which we are treating the eyes are in
all cases more or less hairy. In a majority of cases the hairs are numerous and very
distinct ; but in others they are much less plainly visible and more sparsely distributed,
and the extent of their presence does not furnish any satisfactory points for classi-
fication.

The frontal scales.—The head between the eyes is clothed with scales ; as a rule, those
in the upper portion are directed downwards until we come close to the base of the
palpi, where their direction is reversed. With the flattened scales, narrow hair-like
scales are more or less freely intermingled. Certain species depart from this rule—the
hair-like scales in some wholly disappearing ; in others the upward direction of the
scales prevails throughout the space between the eyes. We have used these divergencies
in our classification, giving it, we believe, thereby a natural aspect.

The legs.—The front legs throughout this family present, as a rule, very little diver-
sity. In the male the tarsal joints are all fused into one piece, the claws are absent,
but the under surface is furnished with strong spines, which at the proximal end are
oblique, but towards the distal end become more transverse, the terminal spines
standing at right angles to the axis of the tarsus. The trochanter is attached to the
end of the coxa, except in the Old-World genus Curetis, where the coxa projects slightly
beyond the trochanter, somewhat as in the family Erycinide. In the genus Theclopsis,
described below, we have a singular departure from the usual structure of the male
front leg, every joint being complete, and the terminal joint furnished with claws and
the usual appendages of a perfect foot. So unusual a divergence from the ordinary
type surprises us not a little, the outward resemblance of the species to the ordinary
type of Thecla being complete. Still we cannot but suppose that similar structures
remain to be discovered when more extensive researches are made. We have not
noticed any characters in the other legs of the male, nor in any of those of the female,
to help us in our classification.

The shape of the wings.—So far as Thecla is concerned, the shape of the wings is
profoundly modified in the various species; a stronger contrast than exists between the
primaries of 7. damo and T. syncellus is hardly to be found elsewhere in the Rho-
palocera. But not only does 7. damo vary individually in this respect, but every
intermediate gradation is to be found in the genus; moreover, as is so often the case in
other families, the males have more pointed wings than the females. Regarding the
secondaries, the shape of the anal angle, the extent to which it is produced, and the
development of the anal lobe seem to us to afford tangible grounds for division ; but we
do not profess to be satisfied with the system we have adopted, the exceptions being

. LYCANIDZ. 3

not a few nor unimportant. The anal lobe in some cases is divided from the rest of
the margin by a cleft of greater or less depth ; this has proved a useful character, though
it obviously fails in some cases.

The filaments which are attached to the margins of the secondaries offer the greatest
diversity in the extent of their development and are at their maximum in T. cypria
and its allies, evanescent in 7. ewrytulus, and wholly absent in such varied species as
T. gadira, T. agricolor, and T. agra. As a rule, they are more fully developed in the
female than in the male. When only one is present it is attached to the end of the
first median branch ; when there are two the second proceeds from the second median
branch. They are an extension of the membrane which lies between the nervures of
the wing, and are furnished with cilie similar to the outer margin; but they receive no
support from the nervules to which they are attached, as the latter do not enter them,
but stop short at the margin of the wing. So varied are these filaments in their deve-
lopment, that we only see our way to make use of them in our classification in a very
subordinate sense.

The neuration of wings.—The species of the fauna of which we are now treating divide
themselves into two groups: in one the subcostal nervure of the primaries emits two
branches, in the other three; the former contains Thecla and its immediate allies, the
latter the Blues (Zycena) and the peculiar form we describe below. As regards the
branches themselves it is only amongst the Blues that we find any very special cha-
racters. In such species as LZ. comyntas the first branch coalesces for some distance
with the costal, and diverges again towards the margin; in Z. evrilis the union is com-
plete to the end of the costal nervure. In Thecla, in by far the majority of cases, both
branches are emitted before the end of the cell. Regarding the upper discocellulars,
the presence or absence of which is dependent on whether the middle discocellular
meets the upper radial or the subcostal, there is considerable diversity. As a rule, in
those species which have a stigma or brand at the end of the cell it is plainly visible,
whilst in those which have not this brand it is very short or absent.

The alar stigma.—We have used this term to designate a peculiar patch of closely
matted scales found widely, but not universally, distributed throughout the genera
Thecla and Theclopsis. It consists of a circular patch of such scales situated usually
at the end of the cell of the primaries, and there is frequently a second similar patch
beyond it. They are found only in the male sex, and when present have considerable
influence in modifying the relative position of the nervures in that portion of the
wing. In not a few species a somewhat similar spot occurs, consisting of dark scales
placed at the distal end of the cell, but they are not matted as in the true stigma, nor do
they influence the neuration. It not unfrequently happens that, where no stigma occurs,
at the end of the cell a peculiar arrangement of scales is found on the under surface
of the primaries below the median nervure, and sometimes there is likewise a corre-

sponding patch on the secondaries between the costal and subcostal nervures. Other
B2

4 RHOPALOCERA,

points in connection with this subject should be noticed—such as a tuft of bristles, as in
T. caranus, between the submedian and internal nervures of the secondaries beneath ;
and, again, a tuft of hairs, as in 7. pion, on the subcostal nervure of the secondaries
above. In another group, represented by 7. mavors, there isa fold in the membrane of
the wing near the submedian nervure. To all these points we have given more or less
importance in our classification, and we believe with a tolerably natural result.

The secondary sexual organs.So far as regards the group having a two-branched
subcostal nervure, these organs are more uniform in their structure than is the case in
any other family of Butterflies we have as yet investigated. The tegumen is like that
of the Erycinide, being a hood-like structure having a setose lateral lobe on either side,
beneath which proceed two strong hooks, curved at first inwards and then outwards,
sometimes overlapping one another: the harpagones are long, subtriangular, and
pointed outwards; they are, as a rule, setose on the outer surface. The penis varies
chiefly in length. In some species, notably in the genus Ewmeus, on either side of the
sexual claspers is a pencil of long hairs, which are attached to the skin uniting the
claspers to the eighth segment of the body, and are covered by it when they are with-
drawn. Unfortunately these pencils are not diagnostic of Eumeus, for we find them
in various stages of development throughout the genus Thecla: moreover it seems pro-
bable that in some cases our mode of preparation may so destroy their colour as to
render them invisible ; we have therefore not used them for purposes of classification.
Regarding the female, we notice that in some species the bursa copulatrix is furnished
with a pair of chitinous patches, similar to those we noticed in some members of the
family Erycinide. In most cases they are shaped like the thorn of a briar, in others
they present a serrate edge. The duct leading to the bursa is a chitinous tube, more
or less strongly developed.

Since the publication of Westwood and Hewitson’s ‘ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,’
no attempt has been made to compile a comprehensive account of the family Lycenide,
but an important step in that direction has been recently taken by Mr. Distant in his
‘ Rhopalocera Malayana.’ It is true that Hewitson, in his ‘Illustrations of Diurnal
Lepidoptera,’ described and figured a vast number of these Butterflies ; but they cannot
be said to be classified in the true sense of the word; for in his treatment of the
genus Thecla the arrangement of the species has been to a great extent determined by
the growth of his collection, and the dates at which the many new species came to
hand. Nor can Mr. Kirby’s catalogue be treated as a serious attempt to classify this
complicated family. The species of Thecla in this case, in the supplement to the body
of the work, are, to a large extent, treated alphabetically.

Mr. Distant’s work is of a wholly different character, and is a laudable attempt to
reduce to order the 100 species of which he treats. These he places under no less than
thirty-eight genera, giving diagnostic tables, whereby they may be recognized one from
the other, his characters being largely supplied by the neuration of the wings. After

EUMZAUS., 5

carefully examining his system, we do not see our way to arrange our American
species on the same plan. To divide Zhecla into genera chiefly upon neuration could
hardly give a satisfactory result ; moreover, by our process of dissection, which we have
also applied to a large number of Old-World genera, we notice characters in them which
have not yet been taken into account, and which must influence considerably any future
exhaustive re-arrangement of the family. To attempt such an arrangement is evidently
beyond the scope of a faunistic work like the present; in the meantime we put forward
such points that are illustrated by the species of our fauna as we trust will be of
service in constructing a complete system. Mr. Distant has been bringing forward
materials, we have been doing the same, all of which we trust will form part of the
building to be erected hereafter.

I. Subcostal nervure of the primaries with two branches.
A. Front legs of the male with a single-jointed tarsus and no claws.

A. Secondaries rounded, the anal angle not projecting.

EUMZUS.

Eumeus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 67 (1816); Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 469; Scudder,
Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 418.

The most recent contribution to our knowledge of this genus is given by Mr. Scudder
in his paper on the structure and transformations of Humeus atala, where he enters
very fully on the systematic position of the genus, and its treatment in this respect by
previous writers. The conclusion he arrives at, largely from an examination of the
larval stages, is that there should be a family Eumeide, and that it should stand
between the Erycinide and Lycenide. So far as regards the larval stages of this and
other Lycenide, we have no material to follow him; but we may remark that our
knowledge at present of the early stages of these insects is so exceedingly small
compared with their numbers, that though accurate descriptions are very desirable, the
time has hardly come to test their value as to classification.

We have no doubt ourselves that Humeus belongs strictly to the Lycenide. The
structure of the fore legs of the male at once determines this point ; the fusion of the
tarsal joints into a single cylindrical joint and the position of the spines thereon,
together with the trochanter joining the coxa at the extremity of the latter, are, we
think, conclusive on this point ; nay, further, so closely is Eumeus connected with Thecla
in all essential points of structure that we acknowledge that we have not satisfactorily
produced characters whereby the two may be sharply defined. That Humeus is a
natural genus we have no manner of doubt, and it is due rather to the extreme diversity
prevailing in Thecla that salient points of distinction seem to fail us.

We recognize but three species of this genus, though several others have been

6 RHOPALOCERA,

suggested. E. minyas is common, and has a wide distribution from Southern Texas
and Mexico to the Amazon region, varying somewhat in that wide area. E. debora is
restricted to Southern Mexico and Guatemala, and E. atala to Cuba and the peninsula
of Florida.

The subcostal nervure of EL. minyas emits two branches before the end of the cell ;
there is no upper discocellular, but the middle discocellular meets the subcostal half-
way ‘between the origin of the second branch and the upper radial, it is partially
atrophied throughout its length, the cell is narrow, the subcostal and median sides
being subequal; the lower discocellular of the secondaries makes a large acute angle
with the median ; the upper discocellular is about half the length of the lower, in a line
with it, partially atrophied, and meets the subcostal some way beyond the origin of its
branch, the costal side of the cell is considerably shorter than the median side. ‘The
front legs of the male have a single-jointed tarsus = tibia, densely clothed with spines
beneath, which are placed obliquely towards the proximal end, and gradually become
more transverse towards the distal end; the tibia, too, is spiny for the distal half of
its length, and has a pair of strong spines close to the tibio-tarsal joint. On the
median legs towards the proximal end of the tibia, and again on the distal end of the
femur, are two patches of hair; the palpi are slender. the terminal joint =4 middle |
joint in male, and } in the female. The antenne are but slightly clubbed; there are
40 joints, and besides the covering of scales there are intermingled with them a few
scattered spines. The eyes are nearly naked, having a few long sparsely-scattered hairs,.
chiefly towards the proximal margin.

The tegumen in the secondary sexual organs is normal, being hood-shaped, with a
depression in the margin on the middle line, and a lobe on either side, setose on its
outer surface; there is also a strong hook on either side, at first directed backwards
and then curved outwards, the points slightly overlapping.

The harpagones are small, subelliptical, with a short projecting setose lobe at the
distal end. On either side of these organs is a pencil of strong closely-set hairs, which,
when not extended, lie between the eighth abdominal segment and the secondary
sexual organs.

In the female the middle discocellular of the primaries meets the subcostal close to
its Junction with the upper radial ; the front legs have the distal end of the tibia and
the five tarsal joints armed with strong spines on the under surface, the terminal joint
is about equal to the third and fourth together. The bursa copulatrix has no chitinous
patches.

1, Kumeus minyas. (Tab. XLVIII. fige. 1,2¢,32.)
Rusticus adolescens minyas, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. i. t. 96°.
Eumenia godarti, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 18”.

Eumenia toxana, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 13°.

EUMAUS.—THEOREMA. 7

3 alis nigris, anticis cellula et inter venas cxruleo atomatis; posticis maculis septem submarginalibus viridi-
aureis: subtus fusco-nigricantibus, posticis maculis viridi-aureis in seriebus tribus submarginalibus positis,
maculis extimis venis nigris bisectis ; ciliis albis; macula ad medium marginis interni et abdomine infra
rubidis; fronte utrinque albido, macula inter antennas aliisque ad palporum basin coloris ejusdem.

2 mari similis, sed colore ceruleo magis restricto. . .

Hab. Mexico (Sallé), Jalapa, Cordova (Hége), mountains of Oaxaca (Fenochio),

Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Britise Honpuras, R. Hondo (Blancaneaus), Corosal

(Roe); GuaremaLa, Choctum, Polochic valley, Rio Chisoy (F. D. G. & O. 8.), Panima,

Cahabon (Champion) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de

Chiriqui (Champion), Lion Hill (I‘Leannan).—Soutn America, from Colombia to

Eastern Peru and Upper Amazons.

We notice great diversity in the size of the specimens before us, some of our
Guatemalan examples being very diminutive. Our largest are from Costa Rica and
Panama, where we notice a further difference, the blue or blue-green colour on the
upper surface of the wings of the male being more generally distributed, and the apex
of the primaries of the females is sprinkled with white scales. In the Amazons valley
the female has no green on the upper surface of the wings.

. minyas is a common species in the lowlands of Guatemala ; but we have no record
of it from the forest-country bordering the Pacific.

Guatemalan specimens are figured, the male from Purula, and the female from the
valley of the Polochic river.

2. Eumzus debora.
Eumeus debora, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. iii. t. —. ?.
Eumenia childrene, Gray, in Griff. An. Kingd. xv. p. 677, t. 112”.

é alis nigris, anticis stria cellulari aliisque ad costam viridi-cyaneis, maculis ad marginem externum viridi-
aureis, ciliis albis: subtus nigris undique viridi-aureo maculatis, alis ambabus macula cellulari cyanea,
? mari similis.
Hab. Mexico!? (Sallé), Jalapa (Hoge), Cordova (Riimeli), mountains of Oaxaca
(Fenochio) ; Guatemaa, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.).

This is almost exclusively a Mexican species, its presence in Guatemala being only
known to us from a single specimen taken in the valley of the Polochic. The general
distribution of the spots on the under surface of the wings and the absence of red on
the inner margin of the secondaries and on the abdomen beneath render this species
easily recognized from E. minyas. The eyes, too, appear to be more densely hairy.

THEOREMA.
Theorema, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 69.
The differences separating this genus from Humeus are small, and should it be

8 RHOPALOCERA.

deemed expedient eventually to divide the Lycenide into a small number of genera
ELumeus will, in all probability, include Theorema.

The neuration of the primaries is almost exactly that of E. debora, the cell being
somewhat wider, and the first subcostal branch being emitted nearer the base of the
wing ; there is a single marginal filament attached to the end of the first median
branch of the secondaries; the front legs of the male are less strongly spined beneath.
The bursa copulatrix of the female has two slender chitinous spines.

Theorema is represented by the single species the distribution of which is given
below.

1. Theorema eumenia. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 43, 5, 62.)
Theorema eumenia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 69, t. 27. ff. 1, 2°.
Theorema titania, Strecker, Proc. Ac. Phil. 1885, p. 176’.

¢ alis cyaneis ad marginem externum viridescentibus ; anticis costa et margine externo nigris; posticis coste
late, angulum apicalem vero haud attingente quoque nigris; ciliis albis: subtus fuliginoso-nigris; anticis.
ad apicem dense et ad marginem externum albo atomatis, margine ipso nigro, fascia arcuata partem cellule
inferioris occupante deinde ad angulum analem producta late cyanea; posticis triente distali argenteo-albo —
maculatis, maculis in seriebus tribus positis, maculis submarginalibus lunulatis cum linea submarginali
junctis literas D formantibus.

® anticis viridi-ceruleis ; costa, apice late et plaga magna discali nigris, apice ipso albo atomato; posticis litura
lata submarginali (venis divisa) aurea: subtus mari similis, fascia arcuata cyanea nulla.
Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley, Choctum (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Nicaraaua, Chontales
(Belt); Costa Rica (Gabd2); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Lion
Hill (1 Leannan).—Cotomsia.

Hewitson described this species from a Colombian specimen, a male. We have since
obtained several examples of both sexes from various parts of Central America, and
the female has recently been described by Mr. Strecker, under the name of Theorema
titania. |

We notice some variation in the females as regards the white marking at the apex of
the primaries, which is very obvious in the specimen we have described from Nicaragua ;

in one from Guatemala it is wholly absent, whilst in the State of Panama we find both
forms.

A male and a female from Chontales, Nicaragua, are figured.

B. Anal angle of secondaries more or less projecting beyond the curve of the
outer margin.

THECLA.

Thecla, Fabricius, Ill. Mag. vi. p. 286; Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 481; Hew. Ill. Diurn, Lep.
p- 69.

It is open to question whether the generic name Thecla is strictly applicable to the

THECLA. 9

American species of Lycenide, for which it has been so freely used. Fabricius includes
eight species in Thecla, of which he names three, 7. betule, T. spini, and T. quercus ;
and it is only by considering 7. spini the type that the species with two subcostal
branches can be called Thecla, T. betule and T. quercus having three such branches.
Hewitson restricted Thecla to the two-branched section, and placed in it several
hundred South-American species, with.a large number of which we now have to deal,
as well as with many additional ones. So long as the genus Thecla remains undivided,
the convenience of the application of the name in Hewitson’s sense is obvious, and we
continue its use as heretofore. We have seriously considered the question whether or
no the genus should be divided into a number of genera, and this, at first sight, would
seem to be the proper course; but on looking closely at the gradual modification of
nearly all the available characters, we have come to the conclusion that if divisions be
once commenced they would have to be carried to such an extent that the result would
be far more confusing than the present state of things. Hiibner, the great genus-
maker of his day, undoubtedly proposed many names for genera now included under
Thecla by Hewitson; but his combinations are by no means satisfactory, though these
names may be made use of under some future arrangement ; but we cannot too strongly
urge that nothing should be attempted in this direction without an examination of
carefully-prepared specimens, and not in the rough-and-ready method usually adopted.
We have made many such preparations, which have enabled us to examine several
points with great minuteness; they have served to show us that many more are
necessary before an adequate knowledge can be obtained for satisfactorily grouping
the various species.

As we have already dealt with the main features of the genus Thecla in our notes
under the head of Lyceenide, it remains to state approximately the number of species
comprised in the genus, though it is difficult to make an exact estimate. Mr. Kirby’s
final Appendix, published in 1877, gives the number 541, and a good many species
have been added since that; so if we place their present number at 600 or 700, we
probably shall not be far wrong. Of these about twenty belong to the Old World.
About forty species are found in the United States, some of which occur also within
our borders. We have therefore about 550 species in the Neotropical Region, as far
as our present knowledge goes, a number which will probably be largely increased by
future research. |

Within our own country we now recognize about 209 species which are widely
distributed over the whole area, though their numbers are doubtless far greater in the
hotter districts, for in Northern and Central Mexico, which still remain to be searched,

there are comparatively few.

BIOL. CENTR. AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1887. Cc

10 RHOPALOCERA.

a. Interocular space covered with closely depressed scales with no hairs.
(Species 1-8.)

a. Scales of interocular space directed upwards. (Species 1-3.)
a". Scales of interocular space metallic. (Species 1, 2.)

1. Thecla coronata, (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 7; 7 a, side view of head, enlarged ;
7 6, base of costa, enlarged; 83, 9 2.)

Thecla coronata, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 70, t. 27. ff. 3-57.

é alis nitide cyaneis, ad basin viridescentibus, marginibus externis nigrescentibus, ciliis albis ; posticis angulo
anali nigro, maculis duabus cyaneis ornatis: subtus fuscis viridi-aureo irroratis, fascia communi nigra
intus griseo marginata, ad marginem posticarum internum bisinuata ; posticis fascia lata castaneo-brunnea,
intus griseo atomata, fascia nigra extus attingente. Fronte, linea pone oculos, coxis extus nitide viridi-
aureis ; tibiis et tarsis albis, nigro cinctis.

Q mari similis ; alis anticis magis rotundatis, dimidio distali et posticarum angulo apicali nigricantibus, plagis
duabus et angulo posticarum anali coccineis.

Hab. GuatEMALA, forests of northern Vera Paz (0. 8. & F. D. G.1); Nicaragua, Chon-
tales (Belt, Janson); Panama, Veraguas (4rcé).—CoLomBia1; Ecvapor.

Though this species has a general resemblance to Thecla regalis, there are many
points of difference, the most noticeable being the frontal protuberance, the transverse
hair-like scales of the costa, and the absence in the male of the red spots at the anal
angle of the secondaries ; beneath, the black line is margined with grey on the inside
instead of the outside, and on the secondaries it is contiguous to the chocolate band
instead of being divided from it by a green line.

The first male specimen of this beautiful species was captured in the forest between
Coban and San Luis, in the department of Peten, in the month of March 1862 3 It was
sitting on a leaf on which a ray of sunshine rested. A female was previously in the
British Museum from Colombia, and a few others have since reached us from N icaragua
and the State of Panama; it has also been traced to Eastern Ecuador, where the
botanical collector Pearce met with it at Canelos and Buckley at Bajfios.

The type of the male from Guatemala is figured with a female from Chontales,
Nicaragua.

2. Thecla teresina. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 10, 14g, 112.)

Eucharia ganymedes, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 147 (?).
Thecla teresina, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 209, t. 84. ff. 707, 708 *.

d alis nitide cyaneis fusco tenuiter marginatis, ciliis albis; posticis macula anali parva rubra: subtus viridibus,
anticis dimidio inferiore cerulescente, macula ultra cellulam elongata nigra, extrorsum albo limbata, altera
exteriore indistincta, margine externo nigro introrsum albo limbato ; posticis fascia transversa alba introrsum
nigro marginata, ad marginem internum profunde serrata, fascia lata bipartita nigra et extra eam altera
castanea utrinque albo atomata, margine externo sicut in alis anticis.

2 mari similis, sed margine externo multo latius nigricante, macula coccinea anali majore; subtus dimidio
anticarum inferiore griseo-fusco haud ceruleo.

THECLA. Il

Hab. Guatemata, Teleman (Champion); Nicaracua!, Chontales (Belt); Panama,
Chiriqui (Ribbe?, Arcé).

Hewitson described this species from a single female specimen in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection obtained by Ribbe in Chiriqui, and we have also an example of the same sex
from the same district and another from Nicaragua from Belt’s collection. The last-
named collector also obtained a male, unfortunately in very bad condition; but the
defects are supplied by two wings picked up by Mr. Champion near Teleman in
Guatemala.

Its nearest allies are 7. gabriela of Cramer and T. batesi of Hewitson, neither of
which have a silky spot on the primaries as in 7. ganymedes of Cramer. Dr. Stau-
dinger has kindly lent us the type for examination, which confirms our previous identi-
fication of the specimens in our collection.

The base of the costa of the primaries in the male of this species shows small oblique
scales, but those of the middle costa are normal.

The figures are taken from Nicaraguan specimens.

b". Scales of interocular space non-metallic. (Species 3.)

3. Thecla temathea. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 17; 17a, base of costa, enlarged ;
183,199.)
Thecla temathea, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 74, t. 29. f. 11'.

Alis nitide cxruleis, fusco anguste marginatis ; anticis costa ad basin viridescente medialiter transversim setosa,
brunnea; posticis angulo anali cervino : subtus anticis glauco-ceruleis lineis duabus discalibus, una ad
cellule finem et duabus submarginalibus rufo-brunneis ; posticis pallide glauco-fuscescentibus, lineis tribus
transversis rufo-brunneis notatis, una discali, altera per cellulam tertia basali, costa quoque ad basin
ejusdem coloris, margine externo rufo-brunneo ocellis septem notato, duabus ad angulum apicalem, una
inter ramos medianos et lobulo anali medialiter nigris, reliquis albido variegatis.

2 alis supra omnino brunneis, angulo posticarum anali cervino sicut in mare; subtus mari similis, sed alis
omnino brunnescentioribus lineis transversis magis distinctis.

Hab. Panama (Ribde).—Cotompia; VENEZUELA; AMAZONS +.

Hewitson’s type is a male said to have come from the Amazons’. The only example
we have seen from our country is a female from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection.
It agrees on the underside with the Colombian male, and no doubt belongs to the
same species.

The scales of the costa of the male in this species, as well as in 7. satyroides and in
T. latreillii *, are setose at the base, placed somewhat obliquely, and transverse in the
middle. In this respect these species resemble 7’. coronata.

The type of the male in the British Museum and Dr. Staudinger’s female from
Chiriqui are figured.

* Hewitson gave Java as the locality of this species; this is certainly an error. In his catalogue a specimen
is said to have come from Rio, and we have an example from Paraguay.

12 RHOPALOCERA.

b'. Scales of interocular space directed downwards. (Species 4-8.)
c!'. Scales of interocular space metallic. (Species 4-7.)
a, Anal angle entire. (Species 4, 5.)

4. Thecla regalis.
Papilio regalis, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 72. EB, F’.
Thecla regalis, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 70°.
Endymion regalis, Sw. Zool. Ill. ii. t. 85 *.
Eucharia regalis, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 14°.
Papilio endymion, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 67°.
Evenus endymion, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 78.

3 T. coronate similis; anticis magis acutis, posticis angulo anali magis productis et macula coccinea instructis :
subtus fascia communi nigra extus griseo limbata, in posticis linea viridi a fascia castanea divisa; fronte
haud prolongata, squamis anticarum coste normalibus haud medialiter transversim ductis.

Hab. Muxtco, Putla (Rébouch), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gauwmer); GuaTEMALA 4,
Polochic valley (/. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui
(Arcé).—Sovta America, from Colombia and Venezuela to South-eastern Brazil 2,

Amazons valley *, and Guiana 1.

This is a species of very wide range, spreading over nearly the whole of Tropical
America; our series includes specimens from Southern Mexico and South-eastern Brazil.
Beyond a slight difference in the acuteness of the primaries and the width of the dark
margin, we see no variation in examples from any point in its wide area ; these differ-
ences, such as they are, seem to be individual rather than local.

Though we have compared it with 7. coronata, T. regalis is, in fact, an isolated form

with no very near allies.

5. Thecla nobilis. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 20, 216, 222.)

Thecla nobilis, H.-Schaff. Samml. aussereur. Schmett. p. 55, ff. 55,56°; Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep.
p. 727.

$ alis purpureo-cyaneis, ad basin pallidioribus ceruleo-viridescentibus, marginibus externis nigris, ciliis albis :
subtus nitide viridibus, anticis fascia transversa nigra litura cinerea utrinque albo marginata divisa, plaga
magna discali cerulea; posticis fascia lata coccinea ultra cellulam a costa ad ramum medianum secundum
extendente dimidio externo albo atomato extus valde sinuata nigro utrinque marginata, margine nigro,
interno albo limbato, lineola interiore per cellule finem nigra.

Q mari similis, anticis ad apicem late nigricantibus; subtus anticarum parte inferiore fusca, haud cxrulea :
fronte viridissima, antennis nigris.

Hab. GuaTEMALA, Rio Chisoy (f. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt);
Panama, Chiriqui (Aib6e), Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—CoLomBia?; Gutana 1,

This is a scarce species, though of wide range, spreading from Guatemala to

THECLA,. 13

Colombia. It was described by Herrich-Schaffer from examples said to have come
from Guiana; we have never seen it from that country, but the figure undoubtedly
represents the species of more western localities. It has no very near allies.

A male from the Chisoy valley, Guatemala, and a female from Calobre, Panama, are
figured.

o", Anal angle deeply cleft. (Species 6, 7.)

6. Thecla imperialis. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 15, 16 ¢.)
Papilio imperialis, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 76. E, F’.
Arcas imperialis, Sw. Zool. Tl. ser. 2, t. 88°.
Thecla imperialis, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 71°.
Eucharia imperialis, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 14
Papilio venus, Fabr. Sp. Ins. p. 115 ’.
Theritas venus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 80.
Thecla ducalis, Hew. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. p. 151°.

d supra 7. cyprie similis, anticis dimidio apicali et stigmate discali nigris; subtus posticis fascia transversa
nulla undique viridi-aureis nigro irroratis, ad angulum analem nigro lineolatis.
© anticis dimidio anteriore subtus fusco.

Hab. Nicaraeua**, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (26de)—Sovuth America,
from Colombia to the Amazons valley and Guiana}.

Nicaraguan specimens captured by Belt are the only authority for including this
species in our fauna; but in Colombia it appears to be common, and thence throughout
the Amazons valley to Guiana. In South Brazil an allied species, 7. ducalis, takes the
place of 7. imperialis; this is distinguished by a beautiful rosy patch on the secondaries
beneath and a golden margin to the same wings. 7’. oakesi of Butler may be another
form of this section, but we are not certain as to its position or of its difference from
T. imperialis.

A male from Colombia is figured.

7. Thecla cypria. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 12, 13 2.)

Theritas cypria, Geyer, in Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. v. p. 36, ff. 945, 946’.

Thecla cypria, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 71’.

Thecla paphia, Feld. Reise d. Nov. Lep. p. 248, t. 28. ff. 12, 13.

3 alis nitide ceruleo-viridescentibus ; anticis ad apicem obscurioribus, marginibus nigricantibus chalybeo ceru-
lescentibus, stigmate discali parvo fusco, maculis duabus ad angulum posticarum analem aureis: subtus
anticis fusco-glaucescentibus dimidio costali viridi-aureo atomato ; posticis nigris, dense aureo irroratis, fascia
undosa lata a costa ad marginem internum nigra, intus glauca tenuissime limbata.

@ anticis ad apicem et posticis ad angulum apicalem late nigricantibus; fronte et oculorum ambitu viridis-
simis, palpis in mari chalybeis in foemina nigricantibus, antennis nigerrimis.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca (Fenochio), Yucatan !; Guatema.a, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. &
O. S.*), Teleman, Candelaria, and El Tumbador (Champion); NicaRacua, Chontales

14 . RHOPALOCERA.

(Belt); Costa Rica (van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (Ride), Chitra (Arcé), Volcan de
Chiriqui, David (Champion).—CoLoMBIA.

This beautiful species was described ‘in Geyer’s continuation of Hiibner’s work from
a specimen obtained in Yucatan; we now trace it to Southern Mexico and through
Guatemala and the rest of Central America to Colombia, whence we have a specimen
given us by Mr. Wheeler; this agrees so accurately with our series from Central
America that we have little hesitation in placing Dr. Felder’s name, Thecla paphia, as
a synonym. |

The species nearest allied to 7. cypria is Thecla tuneta of Hewitson, which has also
a black band crossing the secondaries beneath, a character which separates them from
L. imperialis and its allies.

A male from Chontales, Nicaragua, is figured.

a". Scales of interocular space non-metallic. (Species 8.)

8. Thecla telemus.
Papilio telemus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 4. D, E'.
Chalybs telemus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 76.
Thecla telemus, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 73, t. 31. ff. 29g, 302?

¢ alis ceruleis, marginibus externis anguste nigris, ciliis albis, stigmate discali fusco: subtus gramineis, anticis.
fascia submarginali et margine externo ipso fusco-nigris; posticis extus late nigris, litura submarginali,
altera interiore confluente, albis, glauco intermixtis, macula inter ramos medianos castanea et supra eam

linea sinuosa literam W formante ; fronte, oculorum ambitu, palporum lateribus, antennarum annulis.
albis.

Q mari similis, sed obscurior, anticis ad apicem late fuscis; subtus plaga castanea multo majore.
Hab. GuateMata, Cubilguitz (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belé).—Sovutn
America, from Colombia and Venezuela to the Amazons valley and Guiana 1.

This is a common species in Guiana and the Amazons valley, but apparently rare
in Colombia and our country, whence we have a pair from Nicaragua and a single
female only from Guatemala. This isan isolated species with no near allies.

Our northern specimens differ slightly on the underside from those of Guiana and
the Amazons valley in the marginal markings of the secondaries both as to their width
and curvature; the males, too, have a red spot between the branches of the median

nervure, which is present in a less degree in the Colombian, but is entirely absent in
more southern examples.

THECLA. 15

b. Interocular space covered with scales mingled with hairs. (Species 9-209.)
c'. Anal angle of secondaries divided by a shallow cleft. (Species 9-29.)

é’, A fold on the secondaries near the median nervure beneath. (Species 9-15.)

ce". Third joint of the palpus longer in the female than in the male, no alar stigma.
(Species 9-13.)

T. MARSYAS section; primaries strongly falcate. (Species 9, 10.)

9. Thecla damo, (Tab. XLIX. figg. 1,2¢, 392.)
Thecla damo, Druce, Cist. Ent. 1. p. 362.

d alis argenteo-viridi-ceruleis ; anticis costa (preter basin) limbo marginali et ciliis nigricantibus ; posticis
maculis duabus ad angulum analem nigris, lobulo anali albo nigro lunulato: subtus albidis rosaceo tinctis,
maculis quinque costalibus nigris, albo circumcinctis, altera ad cellule finem et tribus aut quatuor ultra
eam discalibus; posticis ad angulum analem albo dense atomatis, maculis cellulam circumpositis albo
circumcinctis, altera ad cellule finem, lineis duabus submarginalibus nigris albo marginatis, interiore ad
marginem internum lunulata, macula nigra submarginali inter ramos medianos, altera ad angulum analem
inter eas macula fusca albo atomata.

2 mari similis, sed alarum marginibus externis et costa anticarum late nigricante fuscis.

Hab. Mzxico, Presidio (Forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer);
GuateMALa, Polochic valley, Pacific coast, savana of Poctum (/ D. G. & O. S.), Purula,
Tocoy, San Gerénimo, Tucuru (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson) ;
Panama, David, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill
(M‘Leannan).—Cotomsia ; WESTERN EcuaDor.

A‘‘striking feature in this species is the great diversity in the shape of the apex of
the primaries, which in some specimens is produced so as to form a blunt point, the
outer margin of the wings being deeply concave, in others the margin is nearly straight ;
the amount of black on the costa also varies, this portion of the wing in some examples
being almost wholly blue; there is also great divergence in size, some specimens being
half as large again as others. Making allowance for these individual differences, we
trace this species from North-western Mexico to Panama and southwards into Colombia
and Western Ecuador. It is by no means a scarce species, but is difficult to catch,
as it flies high, settling on the foliage on the borders of the forest.

T. damo is very closely allied to 7. marsyas, but, besides being of a paler and more
silvery blue, the apex of the primaries is not black as in that species.

The figures represent a male from Calobre and a female from David, both in the
State of Panama.

10. Thecla marsyas.
Papilio marsyas, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 315.
Cnomaus marsyas, Hibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 76.

T, damoni similis, sed alis multo magis cyaneis, costa et apice usque ad medium marginis externi nigricantibus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ridbe).—SovurH America to Guiana and Southern Brazil.

16 RHOPALOCERA.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a single example from the neighbourhood of Chiriqui
which should bear this name rather than that of 7. damo, the prevalent species in
the State of Panama; it is of even deeper blue than normal 7. marsyas, but has the
characteristic dark apex to the primaries. We notice a slight difference in it from true
TL. marsyas in that there are two black spots at the anal angle of the secondaries instead
of one; in this respect it agrees with 7. damo, but the character is not of much moment,
as these spots vary considerably in size, and in some specimens are almost evanescent.

7. marsyas enjoys a very wide range over nearly the whole of tropical South America

T. AUGUSTULA section ; primaries normal. (Species 11, 12.)

11. Thecla augustula. (Tab. L. figg. 21, 22 ¢.)

Mithras augustinus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 1061; P. Z. S. 1874, p. 356°; Butl. Lep. Ex..

p- 159, t. 57. f. 8° (Mec Westw.).
Thecla augustula, Kirby, Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 777%.

¢ alis griseo-viridescentibus ; anticis dimidio apicali, posticis margine externo, late purpurescente-nigricantibus,

lunulis viridescentibus ad angulum analem: subtus brunneis marginibus externis late obscurioribus, anticis.

macula ad cellule finem aliisque sex ultra eam linea arcuata transversa positis viridibus, area interna pallide
brunnea ; posticis maculis viridibus circum cellulam inter venas positis aliisque indistinctis ad angulum
analem viridibus ; capite toto et pedibus immaculatis.

@ alis nitide ceruleis; anticis dimidio apicali, posticis margine externo, nigricantibus, his lunulis angustis ad
angulum analem aureis: subtus brunneis, anticis ad apicem albido atomatis, triente externa dilutiore,
fasciis indistinctis submarginalibus obscurioribus, maculis quinque linea arcuata transversa inter cellulam

et marginem externum sordide viridibus; posticis lineis duabus submarginalibus obscuris, maculis circum

cellulam positis inter venas viridibus, aliis indistinctis extra eas serie duplici lunulis quibusdem ejusdem.
coloris ad angulum analem.

Hab. GuaTeMata, Panima (Champion); Nicaragua (Hew. coll.); Costa Rica (Van
Patten'*), Trazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridbe), Veraguas (Arcé).

A single female specimen was contained in Van Patten’s large Costa-Rican collec-
tion, and this was described by Messrs. Butler and Druce under the name of Mithras
augustinus, a name unfortunately previously applied to another species by Westwood,
necessitating the change made by Mr. Kirby+. We have since received a second
female example from Costa Rica and two males. Dr. Staudinger has a pair from
Chiriqui in his collection. The figures are taken from the Guatemalan specimen.

L. augustula is evidently very closely allied to T. monica of Hewitson, differing, how-

ever, in having the apex of the primaries beneath freely sprinkled with white scales.

12. Thecla nepia, sp. n. (Tab. L. figg. 19, 20 ¢.)

3 T. angustule similis, sed alis supra multo magis argenteis, in posticis ad marginem externum extenso;
subtus anticis maculis ultra cellulam valde irregulariter positis, serie altera marginem externum propiore,.
area interna argenteo-ceerulea haud brunnea.

@ adhuc ignota.

_ Hab. GuatTemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaracua (Hew. coll.)?;.
Panama, Bugaba (Arcé), Chiriqui (Ridbe).

THECLA. 17

Though evidently allied to the preceding species, the males having the pouch on the
secondaries beneath near the median nervure, 7. nepia is undoubtedly distinct; the
silvery hue of the wings above and of the inner portion of the primaries beneath alone
serve to separate it. Three male specimens are all that we have yet been able to
obtain. Dr. Staudinger has one, also a male, in his collection from Chiriqui. Our
figure represents a male from the Polochic valley.

d". Third joint of female and male palpus subequal. (Species 13-15.)

T. Lisus section (no alar stigma).

13. Thecla hisbon, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 4,5¢,69).

Alis cerulescentibus, anticis ad apicem nigricantibus; posticis ad angulum analem viridescentibus et nigro
marginatis: subtus fuscis, anticis ultra cellulam indistincte bifasciatis ; posticis maculis duabus ad cellule
finem, una costam approximante, aliisque ad marginem internum nigricantibus, viridi-albido notatis,
fasciis duabus submarginalibus valde indistinctis nigricantibus, area prope angulum analem viridi irregu-
lariter atomata.

@ mari similis, sed alis late fusco marginatis, subtus fasciis transversis magis obviis.

Hab. GuaTeMALA, central valleys (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica (Van Patten);
Panama, Chiriqui (Zahn, Ribbe).

A close ally of 7. lisus (Cr.), differing in the underside of the wings being brown, and
in the innermost of the transverse bands of the primaries being more oblique and further
from the apex of the wing. Of this species but very few specimens have come ufder
our notice; these are from widely different localities. The figures represent a male from
Central Guatemala and a female from Costa Rica.

T.. HEMON section (an alar stigma beyond the cell).

14, Thecla hemon. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 7, 7a, 8¢.)

Papilio hemon, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 20. f. D, E (9?)?.

Parrhasius hemon, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 79.

Papilio acmon, Cr. Pap. Ex. t.51.C,D (¢)?.

¢ alis viridescenti-ceruleis, marginibus externis et anticarum costa nigricantibus, anticis stigmate ultra cellulam ;
posticis macula submarginali ad angulum analem viridi-argentea: subtus fusco-nigricantibus, anticis
dimidio costali viridi lavato, area interna lete cerulea, fasciis indistinctis ultra cellulam nigricantibus,
interiore vix viridi marginata; posticis macula ad medium cost nigra viridi intus marginata, lineis duabus
valde irregularibus plus minusve margini externo parallelibus nigricantibus, viridi marginatis, angulum
analem versus quoque viridi atomatis.

© brunnea, posticis ad angulum analem nigro marginatis: subtus dilutioribus, anticis ultra cellulam fusco
bifasciatis; posticis macula distincta nigra ad medium cost, intus albo marginata, fascia valde sinuata per
cellule finem ad medium marginis interni fusca, albo extus hic illuc marginata, extra eam fasciis duabus
et margine externo fuscis, ad angulum analem viridi marginatis.

Hab. GuatTeMaLa, Chisoy valley (Hague); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama,
Chiriqui (Zahn, Ribbe), Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBia to Guiana!?; Amazons valley

and Brazil.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1887. D

18 RHOPALOCERA.

A species of very wide range, extending from Guatemala in the north to South-eastern
Brazil, being apparently most abundant in Guiana and the Amazons valley. In Central
America, though widely distributed, 7. hemon cannot be considered common, as we have
but few specimens from any portion of our country. There is some variation apparent
in the upper surface of the wings, which may be partly due to the age of the specimens.
The female is very similar to that sex of 7. mavors, but may readily be distinguished by
the black spot near the middle of the costa of the secondaries beneath. The figure
represents a male from Veraguas,

15. Thecla mavors.
Theritas mavors, Hiitbn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 80; Zutr. ex. Schmett. i. p. 31. ff. 189, 190 (g¢)*.
Thecla mavors, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 76, t. 31. f. 28 (¢)%.

¢ alis gramineis, anticis ad apicem fuscis, stigmate magno ad cellule finem, lineola anteciliari et posticarum
caudis nigris his albo terminatis: subtus obscurioribus, posticis atomis nigricantibus undique irroratis,
linea communi ultra cellulas nigra in anticis fere obsoleta, in posticis ad marginem internum refracta,
angulo extus albido marginato; posticis lineis duabus submarginalibus nigricantibus intus nitide viridi
marginatis, angulo anali nigro; antennis nigris subtus albo maculatis, palpis viridibus, pedibus et tarsorum
articulis albo notatis.

¢ brunneis unicoloribus ; subtus pallidioribus lineis transversis obscurioribus notatis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (Hoge); Guaremaua, Pacific coast region
(f. D. G. & O. S.), San Isidro, Panima (Champion), Polochic valley (Hague), Coban
(Von Liirckheim) ; Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers); Panama,
Volcan de Chiriqui (2bbe, Champion), Bugaba, David (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—
SoutH America, Colombia to Guiana! and Amazons valley 2.

This is a very abundant species throughout the northern portion of tropical America.
It was described by Hiibner from Guiana specimens, and has since been traced throughout
the Amazon region and as far northwards as Southern Mexico. It inhabits the low-
lying districts, 3000 or 4000 feet being probably its extreme range in altitude.

Our series of specimens show hardly any variation ; southern examples are perhaps
rather bluer in tint, and have the dark transverse lines on the secondaries beneath more
strongly impressed.

J". No fold on the secondaries near the median nervure beneath. (Species 16-25.)

é", Terminal joint of palpus in male and female subequal; a double alar stigma.
(Species 16, 17.)

16. Thecla halesus.

Papilio halesus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 98. B, C?.

Thecla halesus, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Am. Sept. p. 83, t. 25. ff. 1, 2,37; Hew. Ill. Diurn, Lep. p. 82°;
Strecker, Butt. N. Am. p. 864.

Atlides halesus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 80.

Atlhides dolichos, Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. ii. p. 9, tt. 219, 220°.

THECLA. 19

d alis ceruleis, extus late fusco marginatis, anticis stigmate duplici ultra cellulam; posticis maculis tribus
argenteo-ceruleis ad angulum analem : subtus obscure fuscis, anticis plaga supra ramum medianum ceruleas
macula ad basin coste alarum omnium, altera circa ramum posticarum submedianum ceraceo-rubris ; posticis
ad angulum analem maculis novem in seriebus tribus notatis nitide aureo-viridibus ; abdomine infra rubro
aurantiaco,

@ alis fuscis, ad basin glauco-cerulescentibus ; subtus anticis plaga cerulea nulla, aliter mari similis.

Hab. Nortna America, Southern States, Florida® to California Mexico 3, Milpas
and Ventanas in Durango (forrer), Vallodolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Costa Rica?
mus. Staudinger).

This species was described by Cramer from specimens obtained in the State of
Virginia; it has since been traced to Georgia, Texas, and across the continent to
California, but Florida specimens have been separated by Mr. Scudder under the name
of T. juanita. These have two chestnut spots at the anal angle of the secondaries
beneath not seen in the typical form. Mexican examples agree with Texan, except
that the females are more uniformly brown above, with hardly a trace of the blue tint
prevalent in more northern examples. We have a single female specimen obtained by
Mr. Gaumer in Northern Yucatan, but none from any more southern point. Dr.
Staudinger has, however, a male example in his collection said to have been taken in
Costa Rica.

17. Thecla cynara, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 9,10, 11¢.)

JT. haleso similis, sed supra alis margine externo et subtus maculis ad angulum analem magnis aureis
distinguenda.
© eodem modo a femina 7. halesi differt.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca (Sallé, Mus. Brit.).

There are two male specimens in the British Museum of this species from Mexico,
one of them, which we figure, from the State of Oaxaca derived from M. Sallé. We
have a female from Mexico, but the exact place of its capture has not been recorded ;

this is also figured.
The species is no doubt nearly allied to 7. halesus, but differs as pointed out above,

and these differences our Plate makes more obvious.

f". Terminal joint of palpus longer in female than in male; a double
alar stigma. (Species 18-25.)

18. Thecla polybe. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 12, 13 ¢.)

Papilio polybe, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 787 *.

Thecla polybe, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 78, t. 31. £. 387.

Papilio atys, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 259. ff. E, F (3)-

¢ alissupra nigricantibus, ad basin glauco-ceeruleis, hoe colore extus profunde serrato, anticis stigmate duplici
ad cellule finem; posticis macula ad angulum analem glauco-cerulea : subtus flavidis, venis nigris distincte
divisis, anticis area interna nitide glauco-cerulesceute, macula rubra ad coste basin; posticis maculis duabus
ad basin rubris, fasciis duabus maculosis ad angulum analem nigrum viridi-aureis, linea ad marginem
internum et macula ad angulum analem glauco-ceruleis, abdomine infra late aurantiaco.

@ supra mari similis, subtus alis lete flavis, anticis area interna ejusdem coloris, plaga glauca cerulea nulla.

20 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (Hoge, H. Edwards); Guatumata, Polochie
valley (Hague); Panama, Chiriqui, Chitra (Arcé), David (Champion).—Soutn AMERICA,
Venezuela to Guiana? and South Brazil 2.

This beautiful species enjoys a wide range, extending from Southern Mexico to
Guiana, but we have seen no specimens from the valley of the Amazons. It appears
to be everywhere a scarce insect, as but few specimens have reached us from any one
locality. The only female we have seen is one lent us by Dr. Staudinger; on the
underside it differs widely from the male, this being mainly due to the absence of the

bright blue patch on the primaries of the latter, a sexual character in very many species
of Thecla.

19. Thecla inachus. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 14,154,162.)
Papiho inachus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 36. D’.
Olynthus inachus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 80.

6 alis viridescente-ceruleis, marginibus externis fuscis, anticis stigmate duplici ad cellule finem: subtus fusces-
centibus, anticis ad basin medialiter viridescentibus, ramo costali ad basin nigro et prope basin macula alba,
costa parte proxima coccinea, fascia ultra cellulam et maculis duabus intra eam intus nigricantibus, extus
albis ; posticis parte proxima coccinea macula magna nigra inter ramos costalem et subcostalem, infra albido
circumcincta, fasciola ad cellule finem, altera margini interno subparallela, tertia ad angulum analem
nigris omnibus albido marginatis.

@ alis fuscis, ad basin sordide viridescentibus, aliter mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde), Chitra, Calobre (Arcé).—Eastern Peru; AMAZONS;

GUIANA.

A species by no means abundant in South America, but widely spread from Guiana
to the base of the Andes. From the State of Panama we have a few specimens, though
Mr. Champion did not meet with it. From Guatemala we have but a single female
specimen, but Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male from the same country. The figures
represent a male from Chitra and a female from Calobre.

20. Thecla carpophora. (Tab. XLIX. fig. 17 2.)

Thecla carpophora, Hew. Descr. Thecla, p. 16; Ill. Diurn. Lep. pp. 116, 182, t. 47. ff. 221, 222,
t. 72. f. 5477,

T. inachi persimilis, sed subtus colore coccineo ad alarum bases purpureo suffuso, macula nigra, posticarum ad
basin multo minore et puncto supra eam in costa ipsa alba, forsan distinguenda.

Hab. Muxico1 (Mus. Brit.) ; Guaremaua, Polochic valley (F. D. 4. & 0. 8.).

This is evidently a northern form of 7. inachus, of which there are two specimens,
said to be from Mexico, in the Hewitson collection in the British Museum, a male and

a female. We have also a female example from Guatemala, which we now figure. In
the State of Panama the true 7. inachus occurs.

THECLA. 21

21. Thecla carpasia. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 18, 19 4.)
Thecla carpasia, Hew. Descr. Thecla, p. 15*; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 116, t. 47. ff. 223, 224°.

é alis viridi-ceruleis, extus fusco marginatis, anticis stigmate duplici ad cellule finem; posticis maculis quibusdam
argenteo-ceruleis ad angulum analem : subtus fuscis, posticarum venis nigricantibus, anticis ad basin costes
coccineo bimaculatis, maculisque tribus aliis glaucescentibus, supra ramum costalem una, duabus supra
ramum medianum ; posticis ad basin nigris rubro-bimaculatis, duabus (venis nigris divisis) maculis alteris
quinque in eadem regione glauco-cerulescentibus, angulo anali maculis viridescentibus in seriebus tribus
notatis ; abdomine infra aurantio-rubro.

Hab. Mexico }?, Jalapa (Hoge, H. Hdwards), Cordova (Riimeli); GuavEMaLa (mus.
Staudinger).

Hewitson’s figure and description of this species were based upon a female from
Mexico, and he rightly compared it with 7. atys of Cramer, from which, however, it
very obviously differs. Our specimens are all from a limited district in the State of
Vera Cruz, where doubtless it is far from common, and this seems to be the case with
all members of this section. Dr. Staudinger has in his collection a male example from
Guatemala. The allied form 7. atys approaches no nearer than the State of Panama.
A male from Jalapa is figured.

22. Thecla bacis, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 20, 214, 222.)

Tf. atidi similis quoad paginam alarum superiorem ; subtus maculis octo viridescentibus in serie obliqua ultra
cellulam positis, maculis rubris ad coste basin confluentibus; posticis costa fere omnino coccinea, cellule
parte superiore et area juxta ramum submedianum quoque coccineis, margine interno late et angulo anali
nigris distincte viridi lineolatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (2bbe, mus. Staud.).

Of this beautiful species Dr. Staudinger has sent us a pair for examination, obtained
by Herr Ribbe at Chiriqui. It is clearly allied to 7. atys, from which it is not distin-
guishable on the upperside; beneath, the differences are obvious, as will be seen on
reference to our figures and description.

23. Thecla atys. (Tab. XLIX. fig. 234.)
Papilio atys, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 259. G, H (?)’.
Atlides atys, Hibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 80.
Thecla atys, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 78, t. 31. f. 87 (¢)?.
6 alis viridescentibus, extus fusco marginatis, anticis stigmate duplici ad cellule finem: subtus fuscis, anticis
area costali cervinis venis fuscis divisa, fascia obscura ad cellule finem, costa ad basin nigra coccineo
bimaculata ; posticis venis nigricantibus notatis, area inter venam costalem et subcostalem cervina, maculis

tribus coccineis ad basin aliisque duabus glaucescentibus, maculis quibusdam ad angulum analem viri-
descentibus.

@ alis fuscis, ad basin glauco-viridescentibus ; subtus mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui, Chitra (Arcé), Bugaba (Champion).—Amazons*; Guiana},

22 RHOPALOCERA.

Cramer in describing this species applied the name atys to a male of T. polybe and a
female of the present species; it is upon the female, therefore, that the titlerests. The
underside of the male was figured by Hewitson from an Amazon specimen in his own
collection 2, from which source we also have examples. With these several specimens
from the State of Panama agree very closely; the underside of the wings, however, is
generally darker owing to the interspaces between the nervures being of a darker shade,
but the difference is hardly specific. Our figure represents a male from Bugaba.

24. Thecla aufidena. (Tab. L. fige. 1,2 ¢,38 2.)
Thecla aufidena, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 117, t. 47. ff. 218, 214°; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 15”.
Thecla jalan, Reakirt, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 335 °?

¢ alis intense cyaneis extus anguste nigro marginatis; anticis stigmate duplici ad cellule finem ; posticis lobulo
anali rufo atomis albis notato: subtus fuliginosis, anticis lineis tribus transfasciatis omnibus abbreviatis, una
per cellulam reliquis submarginalibus, macula ad basin coste rubra; posticis lineis septem albis ab angulo
anali radiantibus, extima submarginali obsoleta, duabus intimis confluentibus, angulo anali rubro, albo
atomato et nigro marginato, lobulo anali ipso nigro ; fronte et pectore rubris.

© alis albicante-ceruleis ; anticis costa late et margine externo fuscis; posticis quoque extus fusco marginatis,
lineola submarginali alba, angulo anali rubro albo atomato.

Hab. Mexico”, Presidio near Mazatlan (Forrer), Oaxaca (fenochio), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gawmer); British Honpuras, Corosal (oe); GuatemaLa, Polochic valley
(Ff. D.G. & O.8.), Chacoj, Teleman, Panzos, Cahabon, Chiacam, Panima, San Gerdénimo,
Dueiias, Zapote (Champion) ; Honpuras 2, Coban (Von Tiirckheim) ; Nicaragua}, Chon-
tales (Belt, Janson); Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (/‘Leannan), Colon
(Boucard).

This species is allied to 7. battus of Cramer, from which, however, it may be readily
distinguished by the much greater intensity of the blue colouring of the wings.
T. aufidena was described from Nicaraguan specimens, but we now know it as a common
insect throughout our region from Southern Mexico to Panama, in which wide area
we trace no tendency to vary, Mexican and Panama examples being absolutely alike.
On passing into South America 7. dattus immediately takes its place in Colombia,
and thence spreads through Venezuela to Guiana. The description of Thecla jalan?
suits the female of this species fairly except that the upper surface of the wings is
glossed with blue and not black (possibly a misprint for blue!). Under this uncertainty
we continue to use Hewitson’s name, though perhaps not the oldest. Our figures ©
represent a male from Panima and a female from Duefias.

25. Thecla phaleros. (Tab. L. figg. 4,5 3,6 2.)
Papilio phaleros, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 796°.
Cycnus phaleros, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 81.
Thecla phaleros, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 85°; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 16°.
Papilio silenus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 282. E (?)*.

THECLA. 5)

Papilio agis, Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. iii. t. 26. ff. 3, 4°.
Hesperia chiton, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iil. p. 262°.
Papilio chiton, Donov. Ins. Ind. t. 39. f. 1, 1a’.

3 alis lete cyaneis, anticis costa apice et margine externo nigricantibus, stigmate duplici ad cellule finem ;
posticis nigro extus marginatis, angulo anali albo variegato: subtus fuscis, anticis maculis quinque notatis,
una ad coste basin, una ad cellule finem, altera minuta ultra eam extima submarginali extus pro parte
rufo limbata ; posticis lineis sex lactescente-albis omnibus ab angulo anali plus minusve radiantibus, tribus
externis latissimis costam attingentibus, extima rufo extus limbata duabus internis confluentibus, angulo
anali nigro albo notato et atomis quibusdam viridi-argenteo variegato.

9 alis fuscis ceruleo vix lavatis; subtus anticis maculis albidis majoribus ea ad cellule finem marginem
internum album contluente.

Hab. Mexico, near Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards?)?; Guatemaua, Polochic valley
(F. D. G. & O. S.), Panima (Champion); Honpuras?; Nicaracua®, Chontales (Belt) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé, Ribbe), Bugaba (Champion), Panama (/ibde).—Sovutu AMERICA,
Venezuela to Guiana ‘4, Amazons valley and Brazil 5,

South-American typical specimens have no small spot beyond the band at the end
of the cell on the underside of the primaries, but in Central-American examples this
spot is clearly shown. As in certain South-American specimens its presence is just
visible, this character fails to distinguish Central-American from South-American
examples, and failing other characters we treat them all as of one species. 7’. phaleros
therefore has a very wide range in Tropical America, spreading from Guatemala
southwards through the Amazons valley to Guiana and South-east Brazil. A male
from Panima and a female from the Polochic valley are figured.

g'. A tuft of hair near inner margin of secondaries beneath. (Species 26-29.)

26. Thecla coccineifrons, sp. n. (Tab. L. figg.7,8 ¢,9 2.)
Thecla torfrida, Hew. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. p. 152°.

3 alis supra lete cxruleis extus fusco marginatis, posticis maculis duabus argenteo-ceruleis ad angulum
analem: subtus fuscis in regione costali dilutioribus undique venis nigris divisis, fascia ad cellule finem
obscura; anticis ad basin nigricantibus, maculis tribus notatis, duabus ad coste finem, tertia inter venas
costalem et subcostalem coccineis, maculis duabus aliis albicantibus, una ad cellule basin, altera costali;
posticis macula basali ad costam coccinea, maculis aliis ad angulum analem viridescentibus intima ceru-
lescente ; macula frontali coccinea, abdomine infra rubro-aurantiaco.

9 alis fuscescentibus ad basin glauco-ceruleo lavatis; subtus multo pallidioribus, venis nigris magis obviis.

Hab. Nicaragua!, Chontales (Belt).—CoLomBIa.

This species is very nearly allied to 7. torfrida of Hewitson, the type of which is
before us, but the male is of aricher blue on the upper surface, and darker beneath,
and both sexes have a scarlet spot between the eyes on the forehead, of which we find
no trace in the allied form. 7. coccineifrons is only known to us from three specimens,
two taken by Belt, one of which is before us, the other, a male, is in the Hewitson
collection, where it stands under the name of T. torfrida. The third, also a male, was

24 RHOPALOCERA.

obtained by Mr. Simons in the neighbourhood of Santa Marta in Colombia. The Santa-
Marta male and the Nicaragua female are figured.

27. Thecla cartheza. (Tab. L. figg. 10,11 ¢,12 2.)
Thecla carthea, Hew. Descr. Thecla, p. 151; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 116, t. 47. ff. 215, 216’.

Alis supra viridescente-cyaneis, margine externo anguste nigro ; posticis angulo anali maculis tribus viridi-aureis
notato: subtus brunneo-fuscis, anticis macula tripartita costali ultra cellulam, una ad basin et duabus infra
venam costalem nitide viridibus, maculis quoque duabus basalibus coccineis nigro cinctis; posticis macula
coccinea ad basin, altera in angulo inter venas costalem et subcostalem viridi, lineolis aureis ad angulum
analem et maculis duabus ad marginis interni finem viridibus, plaga setosa inter venas submedianam et
internam.

2 mari similis, sed alis supra fusco-nigricantibus ad basin ceruleo lavatis.

Hab. Mexico 12, Cordova (fiimelt).

The type of this pretty species is a male, and shows the small pencil of hairs on the
secondaries beneath just as in 7. caranus and its allies. Our specimen from Cordova
isa female. These are the only specimens known to us and we figure them both.

28. Thecla caranus. (Tab. L. figg. 138, 13a, 14 ¢, 15 2.)
Papilio caranus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 832. C, D’.
Brangas caranus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 80.
Thecla caranus, Hew. Tl. Diurn. Lep. p. 90’.
Papilio pelops, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 341. A’.

3 alis cyaneis, ciliis et anticarum apicibus nigricantibus; posticis macula minuta ad angulum analem glauces-
cente: subtus brunneo-fuscis ad basin lete rubris et maculis albis nigro circumcinctis frequenter notatis ;
anticis area interna obscure glaucescente; posticis linea submarginali nigra ad fines ambos albo-variegata,
angulo anali nigro bimaculato et albo notato ; macula frontali coccinea.

@ alis fuscis, ad basin glaucescentibus, subtus pallidioribus, aliter mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé), David (Champion).—Sovuta America from
Colombia to Amazons valley ? and Guiana !°.

A well-marked species of Guiana and the Amazons valley which just enters our fauna
in the State of Panama, whence we have three examples—a male and two females.
The former from David and one of the latter from Calobre are figured.

Thecla silumena, Hew., belongs to this group.

29. Thecla neora. (Tab. L. figg. 16,17 3,18 2.)
Thecla neora, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 90, t. 88. f. 110(¢)*.

T. carano aliquot similis, sed multo minor, anticis costa et apice latius fuscis; subtus maculis multo rarioribus,
macula frontali coccinea nulla.

Hab. Muxtico, Cordova (Riimeli), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ; GUATEMALA, Vera
Paz (f. D. G. & O. S.1).—CoLomsia.

This species appears to be very scarce; the type, a female, we now figure from

THECLA. 25

Guatemala and one of two males from Mexico; we have also a female from the
neighbourhood of Santa Marta in Colombia. Though evidently allied to 7. caranus,
T. neora can readily be distinguished by the greater restriction of the blue on the
primaries of the males in both sexes and by the paucity of the spots towards the base
of the wings beneath. Our males are in poor condition and we are unable to detect the
presence of the tuft of hairs on the secondaries beneath, characteristic of this section ;
but we place 7. neora here from its resemblance in colour to 7. caranus.

d'. Anal angle of secondaries undivided. (Species 30-209.)
h". Frontal scales directed upwards. (Species 30-32.)

30. Thecla oceia, sp. n. (Tab. L. figg. 28 2, 24, 25 ¢.)
Mithras desdemona, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 356 (nec Hew.)’.

T. lacthoé valde similis, sed alarum marginibus externis nigricantibus multo angustioribus; posticis subtus
quoque ut videtur minus nigricantibus.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers).

This species is apparently allied to 7. viridicans of Felder, but has the black margin of
the primaries of the male much narrower and the colour bluer. It is also allied to
T. laothoé, from which, indeed, we have some hesitation in separating it, but the narrower
margin to the wings coupled with the less extent of the black margins to the white lines
beneath in the neighbourhood of the anal angle, and the whiter fringe, and the different
habitat of the insect seem to justify separation.

Mr. Rogers obtained a good series of specimens in the interior of Costa Rica, others.
were obtained by Van Patten. These latter appear to have passed for T. barajo in
Messrs. Butler and Druce’s list of his collection. The specimens figured are from Irazu.

31. Thecla laothoe, sp. n. (Tab. L. figg. 26, 27 3.)

T. barajo similis, sed squamis frontalibus aliter positis, alarum marginibus externis multo latioribus, ciliis.
fuscescentibus ; posticis subtus ad angulum analem multo magis nigricantibus, plaga sericea posticarum
nulla primo visu distinguenda.

Hab. GuateMata, Polochic valley (Hague), Purula, Senahu (Champion).

Allied to 7. viridicans, Felder, but differing in the much bluer shade of the wings,
which is as dark as that of 7. barajo; the black margin of the primaries is narrower,
and the secondaries beneath are much blacker towards the anal angle.

At first sight and in the distribution of the white bands this species resembles
T. barajo; but the male may at once be distinguished by the absence of the silky
patch on the upper surface of the secondaries, and other characters.

Mr. Champion captured several specimens of 7. /aothoé in the valley of the Polochic
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1887. E

26. RHOPALOCERA.

river, where it occurs up to an elevation of about 4000 feet. The male figured was
caught at Purula.

32. Thecla erybathis. (Tab. L. figg. 28, 294.)
Thecla erybathis, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 84, t. 84. ff. 58, 59°; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 15°.

é alis supra nitide viridescentibus, anticis costa apice et margine externo late nigricantibus ; posticis quoque
extus eodem colore marginatis, lobulo anali nigro, lineola albida notato: subtus schistaceis, anticis lineis
tribus albis transfasciatis, una brevi ad cellule finem, reliquis aliquanto abbreviatis, submarginalibus ;
posticis lineis sex alhis omnibus plus minusve ab angulo anali radiantibus, quatuor externis costam attin-
gentibus, angulo anali nigro lunulis duabus fulvis notato.

@ nobis ignota.

Hab. Mexico 1, Orizaba (Sallé), Jalapa (H. Edwards) ; Honpuras? (fide Boisduval 2).

In general coloration of the upper surface this species bears a general resemblance to
T. viridicans of Venezuela, and though differing widely on the underside, it probably
has a remote relationship to that species. It is evidently a rare insect in Mexico,
where alone it has as yet been found. The figure represents a male from Jalapa.

?’. Frontal scales directed downwards. (Species 33-209.)
g'". Anal angle of secondaries elongated, the anal lobe prominent. (Species 33-52.)

1. An alar stigma at the end of the cell of the primaries; two secondary filaments ;
wings beneath rufous, sprinkled with white scales. (Species 33-35.)

33. Thecla busa, sp.n. (Tab. LI. fige. 1,23.)

¢ alis late cwruleis fusco marginatis, anticis area interna lete sericeo-cyanea, parte supra cellule finem nigri-
cante certa luce viridescente ; posticis lineola arcuata ad angulum analem: subtus obscure castaneis dimidio
distali albo irroratis, hoc colore in anticis fascias duas transversas formante, maculis duabus ad angulum
analem posticarum nigricantibus.

Hab. Guatemaa, Mirandilla (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica
(mus. Staudinger).

T. undulata, Hewitson, of Venezuela, seems to be the species most nearly allied to
this, with the exception of T. perpenna, described below. From TZ. undulata it differs
in the bluer tint of the base of the primaries, and the whole of the secondaries, and the
broader outer margin of the former. . wndulata, moreover, has a distinct concentrated
brand at the end of the cell which, in 7. busa, is larger and more diffused, if, indeed, it
may be called a brand at all. 7. usa is apparently a very rare species, of which we
have only two males from Belt’s collection (one of which is figured), and a fragment
of a third picked up by Mr. Champion in the forest of Mirandilla, in Guatemala.
Dr. Staudinger has lent us the only Costa-Rican specimen we have seen.

THECLA. 27

34. Thecla perpenna, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 3, 44.)
& T. buse similis, sed minor et anticis parte apicali multo latius fusca, plaga sericea multo minor et macula
ad cellule finem nulla.
2 nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde).

The single male specimen upon which our characters are based and our figure drawn
was lent us by Dr. Staudinger, for whom it was obtained by Herr Ribbe during his
expedition to Chiriqui. It is unquestionably distinct from 7. busa on the one hand, and
T. undulata on the other, though obviously allied to these species.

35. Thecla hyas, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 52, 6,732.)
Mithras tolmides, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 356 * (nec Feld.).
Thecla tolmides, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 80” (nec Feld.).

¢ alis nitide viridi-ceruleis, marginibus externis anguste fuscis, anticis plaga sericea nulla, posticis lineola ad
angulum analem nulla; subtus obscure castaneis, lineis duabus transversis albis extus albo atomatis.
9 alis fuscis, dimidio basali tantum viridi-ceruleis, aliter mari similis.

Hab. Mextco (Mus. Brit.2); Guatemana, Vera Paz (Hague); Costa Rica (Van
Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (2ib6e).

T. hyas bears a strong resemblance to 7\ tolmides of Felder, from Colombia, of which,
no doubt, it is a more northern form. The male differs in having a much narrower
dark outer border to the wings, and in the general colour beneath being of a chestnut
rather than a dark brown; the lines, too, on the under surface are much less strongly
impressed. Though of wide range in Central America, it is nowhere common, but
perhaps more so in Costa Rica than elsewhere, Van Patten having sent several
examples from that country, a male and a female of which we have figured.

9. No alar stigma; costa and outer margin of primaries much rounded; two secondary
filaments; wings beneath rufous; primaries crossed by three transverse white

bands. (Species 36, 37.)

36. Thecla cadmus. (Tab. LI. figg. 8, 9¢, 102.)
Pseudolycana cadmus, Feld. Reise d. Nov. Lep. p. 247, t. dl. f. 57,
Thecla cadmus, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 80 *,

Alis supra purpureo-cyaneis, marginibus externis latis et anticarum costa et apice nigricantibus: subtus rufo-
brunneis, lineis tribus valde irregularibus glauco-albidis transfasciatis, una per cellulas, altera ultra eas,
tertia discali margini externo plus minusve parallela, in posticis duplici; posticis maculis tribus ad
angulum analem nigris castaneo introrsum cinctis.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion, Ribbe)—Sovth America from
Colombia 12 to Bolivia, Venezuela 1, and Guiana.

T, cadmus has a wide range in South America, extending from Bolivia in the south
E 2

28 RHOPALOCERA.

and Guiana in the east to the State of Panama, whence we have seen two specimens,
one in our own collection which we figure, and one in that of Dr. Staudinger, both
from the neighbourhood of Chiriqui. The figure of the male is taken from the only
example of that sex we have seen; it is in the British Museum, and was captured by
Buckley in Ecuador; the type (now in our possession) and all the others we have
examined are females, |

37. Thecla petelina. (Tab. LI. figg. 11, 12 2.)
Thecla petelina, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 199, t. 79. ff. 643, 6447.

Alis fuscis, anticis dimidio basali costam haud occupante et posticis ad marginem internum lete ceruleis: subtus
saturate fuscis, anticis lineis tribus transversis albis, duabus submarginalibus ad apicem confluentibus,
tertia discali arcuata, lineola alba ad cellule finem ; posticis lineolis et maculis albis irregulariter notatis,
macula supra lobulum analem, altera inter ramos medianos et atomis quibusdam inter eas ochraceis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe1, Trotsch).

We have three female specimens of this species before us—two from Chiriqui, lent
us by Dr. Staudinger, one of them being the type of the species 5 the third is from
Costa Rica and is now figured.

Without the male we cannot be sure of the position of this species; but it has some
resemblance to 7. cadmus, and we therefore place it here.

3. No alar stigma; apex of primaries acute; wings beneath rufous, crossed by three
nearly straight white lines. (Species 38, 39.)

88. Thecla furina, sp. n. (Tab. LI. figg. 18, 142.)

alis nitide cyaneis, marginibus externis late nigricantibus ; posticis lineola ad angulum analem sinuosa sub-
marginali ad angulum analem: subtus saturate castaneis, lineolis tribus transversis communibus, in posticis
valde refractis albicantibus, lineola submarginali posticarum ad angulum analem ejusdem coloris.

2 mari similis, sed colore cyaneo multo pallidiore.

Hab. Mexico; Guaremata, Quiche Mountains (Champion).

_ This species and the next are allied to 7. egiades of Felder; but 7. furina differs in
having a much wider dark border in the male. We have only two specimens—a female
said to be from South Mexico, but without precise locality, and a male captured by
Mr. Champion in the mountains between Quiche and Totonicapam, at an elevation of
between 7000 and 9000 feet above the sea; the latter is figured.

39. Thecla cyda, sp. n. (Tab. LI. figg. 15, 16 2.)
Mithras egiades, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p- 856 * (nec Felder).

3 7. furine similis, sed colore cyaneo magis nitido marginibus alarum quoque nigricantibus multo latioribus.
2 mari similis,

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten 1), Irazu, Rio Sucio, Cache (Rogers).

We have a series of specimens of this species from Costa Rica, including three males

THECLA. 29

and five females; from these we note there is no practical distinction in colour between
the sexes. This is otherwise in T. egiades, in which the sexes present the usual
differences. A specimen from Irazu is figured.

4, An alar stigma; wings beneath sooty. (Species 40, 41.)

a. A single secondary filament ; secondaries beneath mottled with black.

40. Thecla parthenia. (Tab. LI. figg. 17, 18 3.)
Thecla parthenia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 174, t. 68. ff. 502, 503°.

& alis late cxruleis, anticis costa et dimidio apicali nigris, stigmate fusco ad cellule finem; posticis costa et
margine externo anguste nigris: subtus fuliginosis, linea communi discali brunnea extrorsum pallide
fusco limbata in posticis ad marginem internum profunde angulata, lineola duplici ad cellularum fines
brunnea, macula infra venam costalem nigricante, lobulo anali umbrino-brunneo.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. &. O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt +).

We have two specimens of this beautiful species (one of which we figure), both
taken in the Polochic valley by our collectors; these agree fairly with the type of
T. parthenia in the Hewitson collection, which, however, is in very bad condition.
Hewitson speaks of his type having a washed-out appearance ; this is entirely due to
the abrasion of the scales of the wings, of which they are nearly destitute.

GB. Two secondary filaments ; secondaries beneath with transverse black lines

41. Thecla theia. (Tab. LI. figg. 19, 206, 212.)
Thecla theia, Hew. Equat. Lep. p. 601; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 172’.
Thecla ethesa, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. t. 68. ff. 493, 494°.

¢ alis nitide cyaneis; anticis costa, margine externo et apice nigris, stigmate ad cellule finem fuliginoso ; posticis
apice anguste et margine externo nigris, ciliis omnibus nigerrimis : subtus fuliginosis ; anticis lineis quatuor
ultra cellulam transvittatis et una brevi per cellule medium nigris; posticis lineis quatuor transfasciatis,
intima ad angulum analem bene refracta, linea altera per cellule medium et una brevi ad finem, nigris,
maculis tribus cervinis ad angulum analem.
2 mari similis, sed major, alarum marginibus et apicibus latius nigricantibus; subtus multo pallidioribus, lineis
transversis nigris magis obviis.
Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion, Ribbe).—VENEZUELA; EcuaDor!;

Bo.lIvia 2.

Hewitson’s description of this species was based upon Ecuadorian and Bolivian
specimens. We have two examples said to be from Venezuela; with these a pair from
the State of Panama (both of them figured) agree very closely, and show that, rare as
this species is, its range is very extensive. ‘The lines on the under surface of the wings
suggest a relationship between this species and 7’. /aothoé; but 7. theta has distinct
brands on the primaries, and we doubt if there is any real affinity.

80 RHOPALOCERA.

5. A stigmatic patch near the costa of the secondaries above and a corresponding one
on the primaries below the median nervure ; two secondary filaments. (Species 42.)

42. Thecla barajo. (Tab. LI. figg. 22, 233, 242.)

Thecla barajo, Reak. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 333°.

Thecla desdemona, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 79, t. 45. ff. 189, 190°.

¢ alis supra lete ceruleis, ciliis albis ; anticis marginibus costali et externo anguste nigris ad angulum apicalem
latius ; posticis margine externo anguste nigro, maculis indistinctis albis ad angulum analem, plaga magna
costali sericea: subtus fuscis, anticis lineis quatuor albis transvittatis, una per cellule finem, altera sub-
marginali et duabus inter eas ad angulum analem confluentibus; posticis lineis duabus submarginalibus in
costa ad angulum apicalem confluentibus et ad angulum analem attingentibus in hac regione interiore
introrsum, exteriore extrorsum, nigro marginatis, lineis alteris tribus transversis albis ad angulum analem

confluentibus intima et extima conjunctis et nigro extrorsum marginatis, macula nigra introrsum ferrugineo.
notata ad angulum analem.

Q mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus, marginibus nigris latioribus et plaga posticarum sericea nulla distin-
guenda.

Hab. Mexico; Guatemata, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. 8.2), San Gerénimo,
Purula, Cahabon (Champion), Coban (Von Tiirckheim) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt,

Janson); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Cham-
pion), Calobre (Arcé).

Specimens of this species brought by us from Guatemala were described and figured
by Hewitson under the name of Thecla desdemona?; but it was discovered subsequently
that the same insect had been previously barbarously named Thecla barajo by Reakirt},
whose title must, we suppose, stand. As will be seen, the species has a wide range in
Central America, and is especially abundant in the valley of the Polochic up to an
elevation of 3000 or 4000 feet above the level of the sea. A male from Purula and a
female from Cahabon are figured.

6. A stigma near the base of the median nervure of the primaries beneath and another
below it showing as a boss on the upperside; two secondary filaments. (Species 43.)

43. Thecla eunus, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 25, 26 ¢.)
Bithys? thara, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 856 (nec Hewitson).

Alis nitide cyaneis, marginibus externis et anticarum costa nigris ; posticis plaga inter venas costalem et subcos--
talem polita: subtus cinereo-fuscis, lineis duabus maculosis submarginalibus nigris exteriore lunulis albis
introrsum marginata, interiore perfracta, extrorsum albo limbata, linea quoque ad cellularum fines alba;
posticis maculis duabus costalibus fuscis, exteriore introrsum interiore extrorsum albo-notatis, lobulo anali
et macula inter ramos medianos nigris, introrsum castaneo limbatis, inter eas macula fusca dense viridi-

argenteo irrorata; anticis plaga nigra supra venam medianam, infra eam macula rotunda nigra stigmatem
formante,

2 mari similis, sed alis cerulescentioribus et extus latius nigricantibus.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Costa Rica (Van Patten) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé).—VENEZUELA.

THECLA. 31

At first sight this species bears some resemblance to Thecla thara of Brazil; but it
may at once be distinguished by the presence of the smooth patches on the upper
surface of the secondaries lying near the base of the costa. The curious brand on the
primaries beneath below the median nervure shows on the upper surface as a small
raised boss, which, however, is coloured like the rest of the wing.

T. eunus is a fairly abundant species throughout Central America from Guatemala
to the State of Panama. We have also a female from Venezuela which may belong
to it; but in the absence of the male we cannot speak positively. A male from the
Polochic valley is figured.

7. A stigmatic patch between the median and submedian nervures of the primaries
beneath ; under surface of wings white, crossed by four black transverse lines ;
two secondary filaments. (Species 44-46.)

44, Thecla sito.
Thecla sito, Boisd. Sp. Gén. t. 22. £.5*; Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 87, t. 45. ff. 1938-195; Cat. Coll.
Diurn. Lep. p. 154°.
¢ alis saturate ceruleis, margine costali et dimidio apicali cum ciliis fuscis; posticis fusco anguste marginatis,
lobulo anali fulvo, cellula pro majore parte indistincte sericea: subtus cretaceo-albis; anticis lineis
quatuor nigris, plaga magna nigra ad medium marginis interni, supra late fulvo marginata cellulam
intrante; posticis lineis septem nigris ab angulo anali radiantibus, lobulo anali fulvo, macula nigra albo |
circumcincta notata.
@ alis multo pallidioribus, colore caruleo interdum omnino absente.

Hab. Mexico 1, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (Hoge), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer) ;
GuaTEMALA, Polochic valley (Hague), Panzos, La Tinta, Panima, Chiacam, Cahabon
(Champion), Pacific slope (F. D. G. & O. S.), Guatemala city, Zapote, Volcan de
Atitlan, El Tumbador, San Isidro, El Reposo (Champion), Coban (Von Tiirckheim).

An abundant species in Mexico and Guatemala throughout the lowlands; but
Mr. Champion took specimens as high as the city of Guatemala, an altitude of
5000 feet. It may be distinguished from the following species by the male having a
silky spot on the upperside of the secondaries over the greater part of the cell and
by the black spot of the primaries beneath having a broad edging of clear fulvous;
this edging in 7. phenna is narrower and of a dark chestnut colour, whilst in 7. phea
and 7’. leucogyna the spot is wholly black. There is considerable diversity in the
colour of the female as to the amount of blue on the upper surface, and we have a
male from the Volcan de Atitlan which shows some white near the anal angle of
the secondaries.

‘45. Thecla phenna, sp. n.
T. sitont similis, sed colore ceruleo plerumque saturatiore, plaga posticarum sericea, haud cellulam intrante ;
subtus macula anticarum nigra castaneo supra marginata,

Hab. Honvvras, San Pedro (G. MZ. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson).

82 RHOPALOCERA.

Evidently closely allied to 7. sito, but differing in the points indicated above. It is
a very common species in Nicaragua, where Belt obtained many specimens. With
these a single male obtained by G. M. Whitely at San Pedro in Honduras agrees
rather than with Guatemalan examples. |

46. Thecla pha. (Tab. LI. figg. 27, 284,292.)
Panthiades sito, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 356 (nec Boisduval).
T. sitoni similis, sed alis multo magis glaucescentibus plaga sericea in posticis nulla et subtus macula anticarum
omnino nigra differt.
Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten), San Francisco, Irazu, Cache (Rogers); Panama,
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).

Though, in describing this species, we have compared it with 7’. sito, its nearest ally
is T. leucogyna, which has the black patch of the primaries beneath without any
fulvous or chestnut edging. But the blue of the upper surface of the wings of
T. leucogyna is of a much darker tint, and resembles that of 7. sito. The much paler
more glaucous blue of 7. phwa renders it not difficult to distinguish, at least so far as
regards the males. This species appears to be very common both in Costa Rica and in
the State of Panama, and many specimens have come before us, including paired
sexes. The figures are taken from specimens captured on the Volcan de Chiriqui.

In separating 7. sito and its allies we may add that we have seventy-three specimens.
in our collection selected out of a considerably larger number.

8. No stigma; wings chiefly white, beneath with four black lines radiating from the
ana] angle of the secondaries. (Species 47.)

47. Thecla togarna. (Tab. LII. figg. 1, 23.)

Thecla togarna, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 85, t. 33. ff. 52, 53°; Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc.
1880, p. 125”.

Panthiades togarna, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 356 ?.

Thecla lincus, var., Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. t. 33. ff. 50, 51%.

Alis cretaceo-albis, anticis apice et margine externo late fuscis, macula subtriangulari supra ramum medianum
secundum nigerrima supra eam interdum atomis variis nigris; posticis linea anteciliari et ciliis ipsis
(preter ad apicem) fusco-nigris, angulo anali nigro albo maculato: subtus albidis, anticis margine externo _
et lineis quatuor transversis nigricantibus, tribus internis plus minusve abbreviatis, margine externo
nigricante ad angulum analem intus cervino limbato; posticis marginibus externo et interno fusco-nigris, -
intus late cervino limbatis, lineis quatuor ab angulo anali radiantibus fusco-nigris,

Q mari similis, macula discali nigra nulla, et posticis linea submarginali notatis.

Hab. Guaremata, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Panima, Senahu, Panzos, San

Juan in Vera Paz (Champion), Coban (Von Tiirckheim) ; Honpuras, San Pedro (G, WV.

Whately) ; Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica (Van Patten 2), Trazu,

Cache (fogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, David, Bugaba, Tolé (Champion),

Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill (1/‘Leannan).—Contompia? ; VEnezveta!; Ecuapor.

THECLA. 83.

A species closely allied to 7. lincus (Fabr.), but differing constantly in having no
black margin to the submarginal rufous band of the secondaries beneath, and in the
two discal bands of those wings being further apart.

The types of T. togarna were from Venezuela, whence we also have examples;
these agree with our Central-American series. In the latter country it is a very
common species as far north as the forests of Eastern Guatemala.

In the Cauca valley of Colombia the male has the black discal spot of the primaries
confluent with the black margin, and this character is also seen in examples from
Ecuador.

Hewitson seems hardly to have appreciated the differences between 7. togarna and
TL’. lincus, for he figures one of the former as a variety of the latter*. He places too
much reliance on the black discal spot of the primaries being cut by the white second
median branch, which is a very variable feature. The rufous submarginal band of
the secondaries being bordered as in 7. lincus with black, is a much more trustworthy
character, and may be relied on as distinctive of the two insects. We have figured a
male from Panima.

9. Wings beneath green. (Species 48-51.)

y- An obsolete stigma on the primaries near the end of the cell; a single secondary
filament. (Species 48-50.)

48. Thecla herodotus. (Tab. LII. figg. 3,46,5 2.)
Hesperia herodotus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 286°.
Papilio herodotus, Donov. Ins. Ind. t. 39. f. 2”.
Thecla herodotus, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 2035, t. 82. f. 680°.
Thecla leucania, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 83‘; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 205°.

¢ alis griseo-purpureis, marginibus externis fusco-nigricantibus, lobulo anali posticarum rufescente: subtus
viridissimis ; anticis dimidio margini interno proximo griseo ; posticis lobulo anali nigro, introrsum saturate
ferrugineo, macula ejusdem coloris inter ramos medianos, ciliis quoque ferrugineis, macula nigra extrorsum
alba venam submedianam attingente ; fronte et oculorum ambitu viridibus.

alis fuscis, ad basin glauco-cxrulescentibus; subtus posticis maculis discalibus in linea positis ferrugineis,

extrorsum albo limbatis.

Hab. Mexico 3, Presidio, Ventanas (Forrer), Cordova (Liimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus) ;
GuaTEMALA, Polochic and Chisoy valleys, Central valleys, Yzabal (Pf. D. G. & O. 8.),
San Gerénimo, Pantaleon (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van
Patten) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui, Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill
(M‘Leannan).—Co.omsBia, VENEZUELA, and AMAZONS VALLEY.

A very abundant species in Central America, being found throughout our country
from Southern Mexico to Panama, and in the mountains to an elevation of about
3000 feet. There is some variation in the tint of the blue colouring of the upper

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., June 1887. F

34 RHOPALOCERA.

surface ; but this is probably due to the age of the specimens. Our figures represent
a male from the Polochic valley, and a female from San Gerdénimo, Guatemala.

49, Thecla fusius, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 6, 7 3.)
3 alis brunneis unicoloribus, subtus omnino 7’. herodoti similis fronte quoque viridi.
Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemata, Chisoy and Polochic valleys (F. D. G.
& O. §.); Pawama, Chiriqui and Line of Railway (Arcé).

Except that the upperside is brown instead of glaucous-blue, this species differs in.
no way from 7. herodotus, of which it possibly may be a chromatic variety. We have
several specimens, all males, the female being unknown to us; that sex is probably
undistinguishable from the female of 7. herodotus. The figure represents a male from
the Chisoy valley. |

50. Thecla pastor. (Tab. LII. figg. 8,9¢, 102.)
Strymon pastor, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 105’; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 157, t. 57. £. 5”.

d alis cyaneis, margine externo nigricante, lobulo posticarum anali producto: subtus viridibus ; anticis dimidio
ad marginem internum fuscis; posticis lobulo anali et lunulis quinque ferrugineis, albo atomatis, linea
discali obsoleta, ferruginea, fracta, extrorsum albo atomata.

9 alis fuscis, area interna ceeruleo lavata, subtus mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Ventanas (Forrer), Jalapa (Hége & W. Schaus); Guatemata, Polochic
valley, Central valleys (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Purula, Duefias (Champion), Coban (Von
Tiirckheim) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten 12), San Francisco, Rio Sucio, Cache, Irazu (Rogers);
Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

Messrs. Butler and Druce described this species from specimens in Van Patten’s
collection from Costa Rica. We have since received other examples, including the males,
from that country, and thence northwards to Southern and Western Mexico. T he species
is clearly allied to 7. herodotus, but the male is of a much more brilliant blue on the
upper surface of the wings; the submarginal row of lunules on the under surface of the
secondaries is also a distinguishing feature. A male from Jalapa, Mexico, and a
female from Purula, Guatemala, are figured.

3. No stigma; no secondary filament. (Species 01.)

51. Thecla agricolor. (Tab. LII. figg. 11, 12 ¢.)
Strymon agricolor, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 1057; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 158, t. 57. f. 4”.
3 alis plumbeo-ceruleis, costa et marginibus externis nigricantibus, lobulo anticarum anali rubido: subtus
viridibus, linea communi discali lunulata rubida, marginibus externis anticarum anguste, posticarum late,

albo atomatis, lobulo anali immaculato ; posticis ad basin nigricante-rufis.
© mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus); Guatemana (Ff. D. G.¢0.8., Champion),

THECLA. —~ 39.

Duefias (Champion) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten’), Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Trétsch).

This well-marked species may readily be distinguished from those with green on the
underside of the wings in having the secondaries dark at the base, and with a broad
rufous outer margin sprinkled with white scales.

T. remus and T. longula* are allied species; but both of them have the upperside
of the wings in the male brilliant blue. A male from Jalapa, Mexico, is figured.

10. Wings beneath drab or ochraceous. (Species 52.)

52. Thecla jada. (Tab. LII. figg. 13, 14 ¢.)
Thecla jada, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 87, t. 34. ff. 67, 68°.

3 alis ceruleis; anticis costa et dimidio apicali fuscescentibus, macula triangulari ad cellule finem fusco-nigra ;
posticis maculis submarginalibus indistinctis nigris, ea lobulo anali proxima et lobulo ipso rubidis, margine
externo ipso nigro, introrsum albo limbato, ciliis albis: subtus pallide gilvis, lineis quatuor communibus
transversis fuscis, duabus submarginalibus (una discali in posticis linea gilva includente) quarta per cellule
finem, lobulo anali rufo puncto nigro, macula juxta eum quoque rufa.

Hab. Mexico (Deppe), Presidio ( Forrer), Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli
PPe)s Pp ,
Oaxaca (Fenochio); GuateMata, Polochic and Chisoy valleys (fF. D. G. & O. S.), San
Gerénimo (F. D. G. & O.S., Champion), Dueiias (Champion), Coban (Von Ttirckheim).

Originally described from Mexican specimens, whence we also have examples from
as far north as Presidio near Mazatlan. In Guatemala 7’. jada is very common near
Duefias and elsewhere. The tail of the secondaries is barely developed in southern
individuals, but in Mexican examples it is much more evident. A male from Jalapa,
Mexico, is figured.

h!", Anal angle of secondaries less elongated, the anal lobe less prominent.
(Species 53-209.)

a". One subcostal branch emitted before the end of the cell of the primaries and one
after it. (Species 53, 54.)

58. Thecla janias. (Tab. LII. fig. 15 2.)

Papilio janias, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 218. D, E’.

Papilio hassan, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 38. ff. 4, 4D’.
Thecla cecina, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 84°; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 202°.

6 alis supra saturate cyaneis; anticis costa late, margine externo et venis omnibus nigris, stigmate nigro ad

* This species was originally described as from Mexico (Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 34), but subsequently (Ill.
Diurn. Lep. p. 200) stated to be from New Granada, Ecuador, and Bolivia. We have specimens from Colombia
and Venezuela, but none from our country.

36 RHOPALOCERA.

cellules finem: subtus lete viridibus certa luce aureo tinctis; posticis linea discali obsoleta nigra, macula inter
ramos medianos nigra (interdum rufa), ciliis nigris; fronte, palpis, oculorum ambitu nitide gramineis ;
thorace et abdomine supra cyaneis.
alis supra fuscis plumbeo indutis, aliter mari similis.
Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer) ;s
Guatema.a, Polochic valley (7. D. G. & O. S.*), Sabo, Mirandilla, Pantaleon (Champion) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Calobre (Arcé).—AMAZONS VALLEY ; GUIANA;

SouTH-EASt BRAZIL.

There seem to be two forms of this widely-distributed insect. Inthe typical T. janias
the spot on the underside of the secondaries, near the anal angle, is wholly black.
With these we find examples in which the spot is red, with a dark centre. This latter
form was figured by Stoll under the name of Papilio hassan; but, as the two insects
are found together throughout a large portion of their range, and as the spot varies in
size, we are unwilling to divide the species on so slight a character.

Thecla cecina was based by Hewitson * upon specimens obtained by us in the valley
of the Polochic, Guatemala; but he subsequently placed this name as a synonym of
T. janias*, Our figure represents the upperside of a male from the Polochic valley.

54. Thecla talayra. (Tab. LII. figg. 16, 17¢.)
Thecla talayra, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 11; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 180, t. 52. ff. 286, 2877.
3 T. temese affinis, sed alis supra multo magis ceruleis, stigmate anticarum magis obvio: subtus eretaceo-
albis; anticis linea submarginali fusca, ad angulum analem minus ochracea, rubro putius notata.

9 alis cerulescente-fuscis (haud brunneis).

Hab. Guarvemata, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Teleman, Panima, San Isidro
(Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Cache (Rogers) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—Braziu +”.

T. talayra was described by Hewitson from Brazilian examples; but we find
it to be much more common throughout Central America, from Guatemala to
Panama, where, indeed, it is very abundant in all sections of the country. We have
only one Brazilian specimen, a female, which differs slightly from our series from
Central America in that the yellow patch at the anal angle of the secondaries is more
continuous, and in this respect resembles that of 7. temesa.

The species does not appear to be found in the Amazons valley, where very possibly
T. temesa takes its place. A male from Bugaba is figured.

b"", Both subcostal branches emitted before the end of the cell of the primaries.
(Species 55-209.)

a>, Wings with an alar stigma of some kind either as a stigma at the end of the cell
of the primaries above, or as a stigmatic patch below the median nervure beneath,

THECLA. 37

a°, A single alar stigma at the end of the cell of the primaries; a single marginal
filament ; costa of secondaries normal.

1. T. PALEGON section.
55. Thecla palegon.
Papilio palegon, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 282. C, D’.
Papilio mytillus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 380. B, C’.
Thecla juicha, Reakirt, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 338°.

Alis sericeo-cyaneis ; anticis costa, apice et margine externo fuscis, stigmate fusco ad cellule finem ; posticis
dimidio margini interno proximo et linea submarginali ceruleo dense atomatis, margine ipso fusco;
subtus rosaceo-fuscis, lineis tribus obscurioribus communibus transfasciatis, una submarginali lunulata,
altera discali sinuata, extrorsum albido limbata, tertia per cellulas, lineolis quoque alteris ejusdem coloris
ad cellularum fines; posticis lobulo anali et plaga magna ad medium marginis externi ochraceis, macula
inter eos nigricante albido atomata.

Hab. Muxico, near Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards), Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus), Cordova
(Riimeli), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G.
& O. S.), Chacoj, San Gerénimo, Cubulco, Duefias (Champion), Coban (Von Fiirckheim) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui
(Arcé, Ribbe), Calobre (Arcé), Tolé (Champion), Panama city (Ribbe).—Soutn AMERICA,

Colombia to Guiana and South-east Brazil.

One of the most widely-spread species of this family in tropical America, ranging
from Southern Mexico to South-eastern Brazil, and. equally common everywhere ; it is,
moreover, very uniform in its markings, showing but little variation.

Thecla juicha, Reakirt 3, was, we have little doubt, based upon a female of this
species.

2. ‘T. METON section.
56. Thecla meton.
Papilio meton, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 201. D, E’.

Alis lactescente-albis, rosaceo-lavatis ; anticis ad apicem late, posticis ad marginem externum fusco-nigricante
marginatis, stigmate ultra cellulam albo: subtus ochraceis; anticis fasciis quatuor fuscis transvittatis,
harnm duabus per cellulam; posticis ocello nigro ochraceo pupillato ad costs basin, fasciis transversis ab
angulo anali radiantibus ochraceo-fuscis, angulo anali albido atomato et nigro marginato.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli, Hoge), Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus); Guatemata,
Choctum, Polochic valley (Hague), San Gerdnimo, Cubulco (Champion); Nicaracva,
Chontales (Belt) ; Costa Rica, Irazu, San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Cham-
pion), Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Sovtsa America, Colombia to
Guiana!, Amazons valley and Brazil.

A very abundant species, and distributed as widely as any member of the family in
tropical America, We have specimens from all parts of our country from Southern

88 RHOPALOCERA.

Mexico southwards. In Guatemala it is found at elevations ranging between 3000 to
4000 feet above the sea. It has no near allies, and is extremely constant in its

coloration throughout its wide range.

57. Thecla atesa. (Tab. LII. figg. 18, 19 ¢.)
Thecla atesa, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 79, t. 31. ff. 31, 32°.

Alis nigricantibus ; anticarum margine interno ad cellule medium et area posticarum interna angulum analem
adeunte ceruleis, stigmate cellulari fusco : subtus pallide brunneis, anticis macula basali, altera ad cellule
finem et duabus ad marginem externum rufescentibus ; posticis macula subcostali nigra fulvo circumcincta,
linea supra cellulam, altera per eam et marginis externi dimidio apicali rufescentibus, linea a vena
submediana ad ramum medianum secundum arcuata albida, introrsum late nigricante marginata, area anali
nigricante viridi-albo atomata, angulo ipso nigro introrsum albo notato, linea introrsum fusca, extrorsum
fulva, angulo anali subparallela; antennis nigricantibus, vix albo annulatis, apicibus fulvis; abdomine
subtus fulvo.

Hab. Panama, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe).— Amazons ?.

_ This species was described by Hewitson from a single specimen taken by Mr. Bates
during his journey to the Tapajos river. Mr. Champion captured a good series of
examples near David in the State of Panama. The blue colouring on the upper surface
of the wings is rather more extensive in these specimens than in the type before us,
and the wings are perhaps slightly less elongated ; but these differences are hardly of
specific value. Our figure represents a male from David, Chiriqui.

3, T. ATENA section.
58. Thecla atena.
Thecla atena, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 92, t. 36. f. 98, t. 37. f. 101”.

6 alis nitidissime cyaneis; anticis costa, apice et margine externo nigricantibus, stigmate parvo ad cellule
finem: subtus schistaceo-fuscis ; anticis linea transversa ultra cellulam alba utrinque nigro irregulariter
limbata ; posticis macula inter venam costalem et subcostalem albo pupillato, lineis duabus maculosis
submarginalibus nigris, interiore interrupta, albo extrorsum limbata, exteriore introrsum viridi-argenteo
marginata, angulo anali nigro, preter lobulo anali viridi-argenteo atomato.

9 mari similis, quoad picturam pagine alarum inferioris, supra alis fusco-nigris, ad basin tantum ceruleo lavatis.

Hab. Guaremaua, Yzabal (F. D. G. & O.S.) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); PANAMA,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Zuhn).—Soura America, Venezuela and Amazons valley *.

We have a single female from Guatemala, which we assign to this species, and three
others of the same sex from Nicaragua, but from the State of Panama we have also
males. These latter agree with specimens from the Amazons valley, whence the type
was derived.

59. Thecla hypsea, sp.n. (Tab. LIL figg. 20, 21 ¢.)

¢ alis cyaneis viridi vix tinctis, extus nigro limbatis; anticis stigmate supra cellule finem: subtus glauco-
fucescentibus, ad basin anticarum castaneis ; posticis linea maculosa submarginali nigra, extrorsum albo
limbata, lobulo anali nigro et juxta eum macula nigra albo atomata.

. THECLA. 39

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch).

Allied to 7. ophelia from the Amazons valley, but differing chiefly in the much
narrower dark margin, especially towards the apex. We have described and figured
this species from a single male specimen lent us by Dr. Staudinger.

60. Thecla minyia.
Thecla minyia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 91, t. 38. ff. 115, 116°.

@ alis supra fuscis, intus cyaneis: subtus ochraceo-fuscis, ad basin rubidis ; anticis linea ultra cellulam obliqua
alba; posticis macula inter venam costalem et subcostalem nigra, infra albo-limbata, lineis duabus valde
irregularibus et interruptis ad angulum analem nigris, interiore extrorsum, exteriore introrsum albo limbatis,

angulo anali nigro, inter ramos medianos albido atomato.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (L2be, Trétsch).—AMAZONS VALLEY !.

We refer two female specimens lent us by Dr. Staudinger to this species, but with
some hesitation, as we have no female specimens of the true T. minyta with which to
compare them. The male differs above in the usual way, the outer margin and apex
of the wings being broadly black, and the primaries having a single brand over the end
of the cell. Beneath the male has more red at the base of the wings, and there are
two additional white spots margined with black beyond the red base of the primaries.

61. Thecla janthina. (Tab. LIT. figg. 22, 23 ¢ .)
Thecla janthina, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 93, t. 37. ff. 104, 105 -

3 alis nitidissime ceruleis; anticis costa, apice late et posticis margine externo nigris: subtus schistaceis,
anticis linea transversa ultra cellulam et maculis inter eam et marginem externum albis ; posticis macula
elliptica inter venam costalem et subcostalem alba utrinque nigro limbata, lineis duabus submarginalibus
maculosis, interiore multo interrupta extrorsum albo marginata, exteriore introrsum albido limbata, ad
angulum analem cervino extrorsum quoque marginato, macula submarginali inter ramos medianos nigra,
lobulo anali quoque nigro inter eos frequenter viridi-argenteo atomata.

Hab. Guatemana, Choctum and forests of Northern Vera Paz! (F. D. G. & 0.8);

Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); PANAMa, Chiriqui (Zahn), Bugaba, San Feliz
(Champion).—Ecuapor ; AMAZONS VALLEY ; GUIANA; NoRTHERN BRAZIL.

This brilliant species was described by Hewitson from specimens obtained by us
from Guatemala}. It has since been traced throughout Central America to Ecuador,
the Amazons valley, Guiana, and Northern Brazil. It is nearly allied to 7. atena and
T. sista; from the former it differs in having more elongated primaries, which are
rounder at the apex; it has, moreover, no brand on the upperside of these wings.
T. sista has a large dull discal patch on the primaries, of which we see no trace in
the present species. In Guiana both 7. janthina and T. sista are found together,
Mr. Whitely having recently sent us specimens of both species from the Roraima
district of Guiana. We have figured a male from Bugaba.

40 RHOPALOCERA,

4, T. POLYBETES section.

62. Thecla m-album.
Thecla m-album, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Am, Sept. p. 86, t. 261; Strecker, Cat. N. Am. Butt. p. 867.

d alis supra cyaneis, extus nigro limbatis; anticis stigmate parvo ad cellule finem; posticis lobulo anali
testaceo: subtus purpureo-fuscis; anticis lineis duabus transversis fuscis notatis, una ultra cellulam albo
extrorsum marginata, altera submarginali introrsum albido limbata; posticis puncto albo fusco introrsum
limbato sub medio vena costalis, ultra cellulam lineis duabus, interiore literam M formante introrsum
fusca, extrorsum albo limbata, exteriore submarginali nigricante, introrsum albo marginata, macula magna
submarginali inter ramos medianos rubra puncto nigro, lobulo anali nigro, juxta eum macula nigra albo
atomata, et supra eos macula rubra.

Q mari similis, colore alarum cyaneo magis restricto.

Hab. Nortu America}, Southern States °.—Mzxico, Ciudad in Durango (Lorrer),
Orizaba (Sallé), Jalapa (W. Schaus) ; GuatemMaLa, San Gerénimo, Cubulco (Champion),
Choctum (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica (Van Patten).—VENEZUELA.

This species of the Southern States is found throughout our region from Mexico to
Costa Rica, and we have a specimen said to have come from Venezuela. According to
American writers the larva feeds upon Astragalus and Quercus.

63. Thecla orgia. (Tab. LII. fige. 24, 254, 26¢.)
Thecla orgia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 102, t. 41. ff. 148, 149, t. 43. f. 1763.

T’. polibeti similis, sed alis supra haud purpureo tinctis: subtus anticis fascia transversa rectiore et extrorsum
albo distincte marginata, fascia altera obscura submarginali; posticis macula inter ramos medianos a
margine magis distante.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemata, Polochic valley
(F. D. G. & O. S.), Teleman, San Gerénimo (Champion); Hoxpuras (mus. Staudinger) ;
Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arvé).—AMAZONS
VALLEY ; GUIANA. |

Mexican and Guatemalan specimens differ slightly from the type and from examples
from Costa Rica and Panama, in that the subcostal spot of the secondaries beneath is
much smaller, but we do not notice any other difference of importance.

Our figures represent a male from the Polochic valley and a female from San
Gerénimo, Guatemala.

64. Thecla epytus, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 27, 283, 299.)

¢ alis supra nigricantibus, area interna ad marginem internum cyanescentibus; anticis stigmate ad cellule

finem ; posticis angulo anali late et margine externo nigris: subtus iis 7. orgie similibus, lineola nigra
ad cellulam posticarum finem.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe).

This species is evidently allied to Z. arindela of Nicaragua, but may at once be
distinguished by the greater restriction of the blue on the upperside of the primaries,

THECLA. 41

the brand of the primaries being beyond the blue colour instead of being within its
limits; there are differences too on the underside. Mr. Champion captured our male
near Bugaba, and Herr Ribbe obtained a female in the same district; the latter has
been lent us by Dr. Staudinger. Both are figured.

65. Thecla arindela.
Thecla arindela, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 172, t. 67. ff. 491, 492°.

Alis cyaneis ; anticis costa, margine externo et apice late nigricantibus, stigmate fusco ad cellule finem ; posticis
angulo apicali late, margine externo anguste, nigricantibus : subtus fuscis ; anticis linea transversa fere recta
discali alba; posticis quoque linea discali alba (introrsum nigricante limbata) ad marginem internum
angulata, linea altera submarginali nigra, introrsum ceruleo-albido limbata, macula elongata inter venas
costalem et subcostalem alba, introrsum nigra, lobulo anali nigro, macula inter ramos medianos nigra,
introrsum rufo cincta ; abdomine infra rufescente.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt 1).

A close ally of 7. epytus, but differing in having the blue of the upper surface of the
wings more extensive, and beneath by the white discal band of the primaries, and other
minor characters. Hewitson’s type from Nicaragua is a male, and the only one we
have seen.

66. Thecla polibetes.
Papilio polibetes, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 3841. B,C’.
Thecla polibetes, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 99, t. 32. £. 472.
Thecla zoe, Reakirt, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 333°.

dg alis nitide purpureo-cyaneis ; anticis costa, basi et marginibus externis fusco-nigricantibus, stigmate ad
cellule finem et infra eam plaga magna nigra: subtus schistaceo-fuscis; anticis maculis septem ultra
cellulam in linea sinuata transversim positis; posticis macula nigra sub vena costali, linea maculosa
arcuata fracta, margini externo plus minusve subparallela, nigra, extrorsum albo limbata, linea altera
extra eam indistincta, extrorsum nigro, introrsum albo atomata, macula submarginali inter ramos medianos
nigra, introrsum rubro marginata, lobulo anali nigro.

alis fuscis, area interna cerulescente: subtus mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas in Durango (forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus),
near Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards?), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); GuaTEMaLa,
Polochic valley, Vera Paz (f. D. G. & O. §.), Coban (Von Tiirckheim) ; Panama, Bugaba
(Champion).—Souts America, Colombia to the Amazons valley and Brazil.

We have a good series of specimens of this species ranging from Southern Mexico to
Matogroso in Brazil, which do not differ materially from each other. The southern
specimens appear to be a little more purple in the colour of the wings on the upper-
side, but the difference is slight. Its altitudinal range extends from the sea-level to a
height of about 3000 feet.

67. Thecla ortygnus. (Tab. LIII. figg. 1, 2¢.)
Papiho ortygnus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 243. B.

d alis nitide cyaneis; anticis extus nigro marginatis, stigmate parvo ad cellule finem; posticis quoque nigro
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., June 1887. G

42 RHOPALOCERA.

marginatis, intus cerulescentioribus: subtus albido-rosaceo tinctis; anticis macula costali, altera duplici
ad cellule finem nigris, extrorsum albo limbatis; posticis maculis nigris cellulam circumpositis, duabus
cost proximis maximis, reliquis irregulariter conjunctis et extrorsum albo marginatis, linea submarginali
nigra, ad angulum apicalem lunulata, ad angulum analem angulosa, hic late illic anguste argenteo-albo
marginata, macula ad rami mediani finem nigra, lobulo analinigro, inter eos maculis fuscis viridi-argenteo

dense atomatis.
9 mari similis, colore alarum ceruleo pallidiore et multo magis restricto.

Hab. Muxico, Jalapa (W. Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); GuaTEMALA,
Polochic valley (F. .D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica, San Francisco, Irazu (Rogers); Panama
(Ritbe)—Soutn America, Trinidad and the Amazons valley to Guiana and 8.E. Brazil.

A species sparingly, though very widely, distributed in Central America, but in South
America it spreads over the whole of the tropical portion as far as South Brazil. Its
altitudinal range extends from the sea-level to a height of 3000 to 4000 feet. This
species appears to be very isolated, having no near allies with which we are acquainted.
A male from Irazu is figured.

5. T. PHGNISSA section.

68. Thecla phenissa. (Tab. LIII. figg. 3, 44.)
Thecla phenissa, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 100, t. 40. ff. 189, 140°.

¢ alis fusco-nigris, area interna viridescentibus; anticis stigmate ad cellule finem ultra colorem viridem:
subtus fuscis ; anticis fasciis duabus albis, una transversa ultra cellulam, altera submarginali abbreviata, ad
apicem haud extensa; posticis macula alba venam costalem intus attingente, fasciis duabus margine
externo subparallelibus, una per cellule finem (hic triplici) perfracta, altera continua (sed bene undulata)
ad angulum analem extrorsum fusco marginata, macula inter ramos medianos rubra, extrorsum nigro
pupillata, lobulo anali nigro et juxta eum macula fusca sparse albido atomata.

Q mari similis, sed alis supra viridi-ceruleo vix tinctis.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (mus. Hew.); Panama, Veraguas (Arcé), Chiriqui (Ridde).
—AMAZONS VALLEY |,

This species was described from specimens obtained at Para, whence we have
examples, and from other points in the valley of the Amazons. With these our
insects from the State of Panama agree in every respect. A male from Veraguas is
figured.

6. T. JEBUS section.

69. Thecla jebus. (Tab. LIII. figg. 5,63, 72.)

Polyommatus jebus, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 639’.

Sithon jebus, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. —?.

alis nitide ceruleis, extus fusco marginatis; anticis stigmate parvo ad cellule finem; posticis lobulo anali
testaceo tincto: subtus fuscis, anticarum apice et posticis omnino nigricante-fusco et albido marmoratis;
anticis area discali certa luce cerulescentibus; posticis macula inter ramos medianos submarginali et
lobulo anali nigris, introrsum testaceo marginatis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus) ; Guatemata, Vera Paz, Chisoy valley (Hague), San

THECLA. 43

Geronimo (Champion); Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch)—Soutn America, from Peru and
Amazons valley to Guiana? and South Brazil.

Compared with South-Brazilian specimens, the true P. jebus of Godart, Guatemalan
examples differ in having the anal lobe of the secondaries more rufous and beneath the
submarginal black spot of the secondaries as well as that of the anal angle lined
inwardly with the same colour, but the differences are hardly of specific value.

As will be seen above, 7. jebus is found throughout Tropical America, but as yet we
have seen specimens from Mexico and Guatemala only in our area.

We have figured a male from Vera Paz, and a female from San Gerénimo, Guatemala.

7. T. BRESCIA section.

70. Thecla brescia. (Tab. LIII. figg. 8,93, 109.)
Thecla brescia, Hew. Desc. Lyc. p. 13; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 119, t. 50. ff. 260, 261°.
Thecla thoana, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 172, t. 67. f. 4907.

Alis plumbeo-ceruleis ; anticis apice et margine externo fuscis, costa basin versus rubro marginata, stigmate ad
cellule finem ; posticis fusco limbatis, macula indistincta fusca submarginali inter ramos medianos, lobulo
anali puncto rubro: subtus pallide brunneis, linea discali communi introrsum fusca extrorsum alba in posticis
fracta, linea altera submarginali fusca albo introrsum atomato, lobulo anali nigro, squamis paucis rubris

introrsum notato, juxta eam macula inter ramos medianos rubra puncto nigro, inter eos macula fusca albo
atomata.

alis fuscis, posticis preecipue ad angulum analem canescentibus, maculis duabus submarginalibus fuscis notatis:
subtus mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus et lineis omnibus magis distinctis,

Hab. Mexico}, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer), Jalapa (W. Schaus, Hoge), Cordova
(Riimelt), Oaxaca (Boucard); Guatumaa, Polochic valley, San Gerénimo (F. D. G. &
O. S.); Honpuras (mus. Staudinger); Nicaragua (mus. Hewitson ?).

Hewitson in describing this species suggests that it is perhaps only a variety of Thecla
stagira, but the brand of the primaries being single and not double sufficiently marks
its distinction. We have a good series of specimens both from Mexico and Guatemala.
Some of our Guatemalan specimens were taken at an elevation of 3000 feet in the
mountains.

The type of 7. thoana is a female, and hardly differs from our Guatemalan examples
of that sex attributed to 7. brescia. Specimens from Jalapa are figured.

71. Thecla orses, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 11, 12 3.)

T. brescie similis et alis supra ejusdem coloris, sed anticis ad apicem latius fuscis: subtus maculis ad angulum
analem ochraceis haud rubris ut in specie citata.

Hab. GuatumaLa, San Gerénimo (Champion).

A single male specimen of this species, which we describe and figure, was taken by
Mr. Champion ; differs from 7. brescia as pointed out above. We know nothing of the
female, which will probably be found to resemble that of the allied species, except jas
regards the colour of the spots near the anal angle of the secondaries beneath.

@ 2

44 RHOPALOCERA.

72. Thecla vibidia. (Tab. LIII. figg. 13, 14 ¢.)
Thecla vibidia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 119, t. 49. ff. 242, 2437.

Alis obscure ceruleis, marginibus externis late fusco-nigricantibus ; anticis cellula et area infra eam purpura-
scentibus, costa et apice late fusco-nigris, stigmate fusco ad cellule finem: subtus fuscis; anticis lunulis
evanescentibus discalibus introrsum fuscis, extrorsum albidis; posticis linea discali eodem modo picturata,
fracta, ad marginem internum angulata, macula sub medio coste introrsum fusca, extrorsum albida, linea
altera submarginali obsoleta fusca, introrsum albido vix limbata, macula rubra inter ramos medianos puncto
nigro instructa, lobulo anali nigro introrsum rubro cincto.

Hab. Mzxico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer); Guatumaza, San Gerénimo (Champion),
Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.).—AMAZONS VALLEY }.

Mexican and Guatemalan examples agree with the type in the British Museum, a
male from the Amazons valley. Our figure represents a male from San Gerénimo.

78. Thecla ligurina. (Tab. LIII. figg. 15, 16.)
Thecla ligurina, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 181, t. 71. ff. 541, 5427.

T. lydi similis, sed alis supra multo magis purpurascentioribus, stigmate cellulari quoque multo minore: subtus
lineis posticarum duabus submarginalibus ad costam magis divergentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guaremata, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & 0. S:);
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt!) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Zrétsch) ; Chitra
(Arcé).

Though closely allied to both 7. lyde and T. voltinia, this species may readily be
distinguished by the more purple cast of the upper surface of its wings. Three males
from the valley of the Polochic and a male and two females from the State of Panama
were all that we had seen, besides the female from which Hewitson’s description and
figure were taken, till Mr. Schaus brought his Mexican specimens before us. We now
give a figure of a male from the Polochic valley.

74. Thecla lyde, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. fig. 17 3.)

é alis plumbeo-cyaneis ; anticis apice late et margine externo nigricantibus, stigmate nigro ad cellule finem:
posticis margine externo anguste nigricante, macula rubra ad angulum analem nulla: subtus obscure
schistaceis ; anticis immaculatis; posticis lineis duabus maculosis submarginalibus, interiore interrupta,
extrorsum albo marginata, exteriore ad angulum apicalem evanescente utrinque albo marginata, macula
inter ramos medianos introrsum late rubro marginata, colore albo absente, lobulo anali extrorsum nigro
introrsum rubro.

Hab. Guatzmata, Polochic valley (£. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo (Champion), Coban
(Von Tiirckheim); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Zrétsch).

This species is allied to 7. voltinia of the Amazons valley, but may be readily distin-
guished in both sexes by the absence of red on the upperside at the anal lobe of the
secondaries. It is apparently a scarce species, four examples, two of each sex, being
all that we have seen of it. We figure the underside of a male from the Polochic
valley.

THECLA. 45

8. T. CUPENTUS section.

75. Thecla cupentus.

Papilio cupentus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 387. F, G'.

Thecla cupentus, Hew. I. Diurn. Lep. p. 987.

d alis fuscis; anticis marginem internum versus ceruleis, stigmate magno ad cellule finem ; posticis (preeter
margine) ceruleis: subtus fuscis, fascia submarginali et lineis duabus communibus discalibus albis, in
anticis marginem internum versus conjunctis, exteriore extrorsum fusco (ad angulum posticarum analem
versus nigro) limbata; posticis quoque lineola alba ad cellule finem, lobulo anali nigro, macula magna
inter ramos medianos fulva, puncto nigro.

2 mari similis, sed alarum colore ceruleo dilutiore.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers); Panama (Libbe).—
Sour America to Ecuador, Amazons valley 4, and Guiana 2.

This is a readily recognized species, the distinct white bands beneath and the short
band at the end of the cell of the secondaries, making a kind of loop with the inner
band, are very distinctive. 7. cupentus enjoys a wide range, but we can see no essential
difference between our Central-American specimens and those from the valley of the
Amazons.

9. T. AZURINUS section.

76. Thecla azurinus. (Tab. LIII. figg. 18, 19 3.)
Bithys azurinus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 1071; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 159. t. 57. £. 112.

d alis cyaneis; anticis costa, apice et margine externo nigris, stigmate ad cellule finem fulvo ; posticis, costa
late, margine externo anguste nigris, margine interno albicante: subtus cinereis, linea communi undulata
discali alba in posticis fracta; posticis viridescente lavatis, lineis duabus submarginalibus albis, margine
ipso nigricante et linea intra eam alba, lobulo anali nigro, macula inter ramos medianos quoque nigra,
introrsum rufo marginata.

flab. Costa Rica (Van Patten '?).

The type specimen of this species, which we figure, is the only one we have yet met
with. The species seems very distinct, the peculiar greenish tint on the secondaries
beneath forming a good differential character.

10. 'T. TemeEsa section.

77. Thecla temesa.
Thecla temesa, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 11; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 180, t. 52. ff. 284, 285”.

d alis indicis extus regulariter nigro marginatis ; anticis stigmate ad cellule finem ; posticis lobulo anali puncto
ochraceo: subtus sordide cretaceo-albis, linea communi discali nigra, extrorsum albo, introrsum flavo
limbata, ad marginem posticarum internum angulata, puncto ad costam subrotundato, angulum apicalem
paullo propiore, plaga magna a ramo mediano usque ad angulum analem ochraceo, lineola indistincta sub-
marginali inter eam et angulum apicalem fusca, lobulo anali nigro, supra eam macula alba, altera juxta
eam nigra albo atomata, tertia quoque nigra inter ramos medianos, margine externo nigro, introrsum albo
limbato.

2 alis supra brunneis, aliter mari similis.

46 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten)—Sovuta America, Venezuela to Amazons valley } 2
and Guiana.

We have a single male Costa-Rican example which formed part of Van Patten’s
collection, no other Central-American specimen having come under our notice. The
species appears to be very common throughout the Amazons valley.

11. T. mycon section.

78. Thecla mycon, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 20, 21 3, 222.)

¢ alis nitidissime cyaneis; anticis costa, apice et margine externo anguste nigris, stigmate magno ad cellule
finem ; posticis margine externo anguste nigro, area abdominali fusco: subtus griseo-fuscis, linea communi
discali, introrsum fusca, extrorsum alba ad marginem posticarum internum angulata; posticis lobulo anali
nigro, introrsum rufo notato, macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum late rufo limbato, inter eos
macula fusca dense albo atomata.

@ alis supra fuscis, pallide ceruleo lavatis: subtus mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.),
Teleman (Champion), Choctum (f. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo, San Isidro (Champion) ;
Panama, Bugaba (Arcé), Chiriqui (Zrétsch), Calobre (Arcé).—CoLoMBIA.

An abundant species in Guatemala in the lowlands on both sides of the mountain-
range up to an elevation of about 3000 feet. Southward it appears to become scarcer,
as we have no specimens from Costa Rica or Nicaragua, and only two or three indi-
viduals from the State of Panama. It does not appear to have any very close ally.

We note a slight variation in the markings of the underside in different individuals,
chiefly as regards the colour of the spot between the median branches of the secondaries,
which varies from rufous to yellow, and there are a few other minor points. It does
not appear, however, that these differences are of specific value, as we trace their
transition from one form to another, and this without regard to locality. The difference
may possibly be attributed to seasonal broods.

We figure a male from San Gerénimo and a female from Chiriqui.

12. T. EREMA section.

79. Thecla erema. (Tab. LIII. figg. 23, 24 3.)
Thecla erema, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 104, t. 44. ff. 179, 1807.

o alis anticis fuscis ad marginem internum ceruleis, stigmate permagno fere totam cellulam occupante ;
. posticis, preter angulum analem et marginem externum fusco, ceruleis: subtus purpureo-fuscis ; anticis
maculis quinque ultra cellulam notatis, una tripartita subcostali ultra cellulam ; posticis circulis duobus
albis, una cellulari, altera infra eam, linea ultra cellulam valde fracta a costa ad marginem internum margini
externo plus minusve parallela, alis ultra eam multo pallidioribus, linea ad angulum analem lunulata nigra,
extra eam stramineo tinctis; macula nigra submarginali inter ramos medianos, lobulo anali quoque nigro,

Hab. Guatemata, forests of Northern Vera Paz (F. D. G. & O. S.1).—Amazons
VALLEY.

THECLA. AT

The type described by Hewitson was taken by us during an expedition to the forest
region of Vera Paz, north of Coban, at an elevation of about 1500 feet above the sea.
The colouring of the underside of the wings recalls 7. avoca of the Amazons region,
but the different form of the brand in the cell of the primaries makes it doubtful if
there is any real relationship to that species. We have a second example from the
Amazons valley agreeing closely with the type; this was formerly in Mr. Bates’s
collection, but unfortunately it is in bad condition, and the precise locality of its
capture has not been recorded. We have refigured the type from Northern Vera Paz.

80. Thecla primno, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 25, 26 ¢ .)

® alis anticis fusco-nigricantibus, area interna glauco-cerulea ; posticis (preter costam et marginem externum
et maculas duas ad angulum analem fuscas) glauco-ceruleis: subtus purpureo-fuscis; anticis area ad
angulum analem albida, maculis submarginalibus fuscis albo limbatis, linea ultra cellulam macularum
septem composita ad costam angulata alba; posticis ad coste medium et area discali maculis et lineis
albis irregulariter notatis, linea margini externo subparallela extrorsum albo notata, margine externo late
albicante fusco atomato, margine ipso fusco, cilia intus alba, extus fusca, macula parva testacea inter ramos
medianos, lobulo anali albo, puncto nigro et introrsum testaceo limbato.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch).

We are unable to identify a female sent us by Dr. Staudinger, and which we now
figure, with any species with which we are acquainted: the markings of the under
surface of the wings suggest an affinity with 7. erema, or perhaps T. avoca; but in the
absence of the male we are unable to speak with certainty as to its relationship.

13. T. PHOBE section.

81. Thecla phobe, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 27, 28 3, 29 2.)

$ alis fuscescentibus; anticis ad marginem internum et posticis preter marginem externum sericeo-ceruleis,
stigmate ad cellule finem: subtus griseis, linea communi discali alba, introrsum (in posticis latissime)
rufo-brunnea limbata, in posticis extrorsum eodem colore dense atomata, linea communi submarginali
fusca, lobulo anali rufo-brunneo, macula juxta eum albo atomata, altera ejusdem coloris.

Hab. GuateMa.a, Chisoy valley (F. D. G. &. O. S.), San Gerénimo (Champion), Coban
(mus. Staudinger).

We have a pair of this very beautiful species, and have seen a third from Coban lent
us by Dr. Staudinger. It is allied to 7. petilla of the Amazons valley, but may be readily
recognized by the much greater extension of the rufous-brown colour of the secondaries,
which in our species is confluent, and not in semi-isolated spots as in 7. petilla. TT. velina
is another allied species, in which the rufous-brown of the secondaries extends much

nearer the base of the wing. The male figured is from the Chisoy valley, the female
from San Gerdnimo.

48 RHOPALOCERA.

14. T. TERENTIA section.

82. Thecla terentia. (Tab. LIV. figg. 1, 22.)
Thecla terentia, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 2*; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 129, t. 52. ff 282, 283°.

Alis obscure brunneis; anticis infra cellulam ad marginem internum obscure purpureo-cyaneis, cellula fere
nigra, stigmate ad finem ejus elliptica; posticis medialiter obscure purpureo-cyaneis: subtus fuscis, lineis
tribus flavido-albis communibus, una discali in posticis angulata et nigro introrsum marginata, duabus sub-
marginalibus ad medium marginis posticarum externi confluentibus, maculam magnam flavidam formante,
lobulo anali et macula juxta eum nigris, introrsum flavo marginatis, macula nigra flavo circumcincta inter
ramos medianos, margine externo fusco, linea flava introrsum limbato, cum lineis flavis venis flavis conjuncta.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (T'rétsch).—-AMAZONS VALLEY ! 2.

The single male specimen which we figure was sent us by Dr. Staudinger. It differs
slightly from our Amazon examples in that the colouring of the wings above is of a
darker purple with no admixture of blue; the yellow at the anal angle on the underside
is also of a paler tint. A series of specimens would probably show that these differences
are permanent, but with only one specimen before us we do not feel justified in assuming
that they are so.

15. T. xami section.

83. Thecla xami.
Thecla xami, Reak. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 339".
Thecla blenina, Hew. Descr. Lye. p. 12°; Tll. Diurn. Lep. p. 127, t. 50. ff. 256, 257°.

é alis brunneis, costa et margine externo fuscis; anticis stigmate ad cellule finem: subtus viridibus, linea
communi discali nigra, introrsum rubro, extrorsum albo limbata, in posticis regulariter arcuata, ad ramos
medianos profunde angulata ; posticis ad angulum analem rufescentibus, dense albo atomatis, maculis quatuor
ad lineam discalem nigris albo circumcinctis, macula altera inter ramos medianos et lobulo anali nigris.

Hab. Mexico !?, Jalapa (W. Schaus).

We have two Mexican examples of this species, but without special locality; Mr.
Schaus’s specimens, however, were captured near Jalapa. The only species that we are
acquainted with to which it is at all closely allied is 7. rhodope.

84, Thecla rhodope. (Tab. LIV. figg. 3, 44.)
Thecla rhodope, ubi ?

3 T. xami similis, sed posticis plaga discali ad angulum analem fulva maculisque submarginalibus nigris:
subtus fascia discali magis undulata, ad ramos medianos fracta, haud profunde angulata differt.

Hab. Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

We have a single male specimen taken by the late Mr. Morrison on our northern
frontier and sent us with the above name attached to it. This at present is all we
know of the species.

THECLA. 49

16. T. ocrista section.

85. Thecla ocrisia. (Tab. LIV. figg. 5, 6 3.)
Thecla ocrisia, Hew. Deser. Lyc. p. 5°; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 123, t. 48, ff. 235, 2367.
Thecla zora, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 134, t. 53. ff. 304, 305°.

Alis purpureo-nigris; anticis in medio plaga sericea, stigmate magno ad cellule finem; posticis medialiter
ceruleo atomatis, fascia submarginali coloris ejusdem : subtus fusco-nigricantibus, linea communi discali
fusca, in posticis obsoleta vix obvia, margine externo sordide albo, maculis submarginalibus fuscis ; posticis
maculis ochraceis nigro introrsum limbatis ad marginem externum, lobulo anali puncto nigro, altero inter
ramos medianos.,

? alis fuscis; posticis dimidio anali ceruleo lavatis (interdum unicoloribus): subtus pallidioribus, maculis et
lineis omnibus magis obviis quam in mare.

Hab. Mexico ? (Deppe), Jalapa (Hége), Cordova (Liimeli) ; Guatemata, Polochic valley
(Pf. D. G. & O.8.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers); PANAMA,
Chiriqui, Chitra (Arcé).—Soura Amertca, Ecuador!2, Peru, Amazons valley *, and Brazil.

There appear to be two forms of female of this species, in one of which the anal
portion of the secondaries is largely suffused with blue, in the other these wings are
wholly brown; both occur in the same districts. The brown form was named by
Hewitson Zhecla zora, but we do not see our way to separate it from T. ocrisia. We
have figured a male from Jalapa.

17. T. THALES section.
86. Thecla thales.
Hesperia thales, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 2687.
Papilio thales, Don. Ins. Ind. t. 40. f. 4:?.
Braugas thrasyllus, Geyer in Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. v. p. 40, ff. 965, 966°.
Thecla thalesa, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 98, t. 45. f. 200°.

Alis purpureo-nigris, linea submarginali communi nitide cyanea; posticis quoque medialiter eodem colore
sparsim squamulatis ; anticis stigmate ad cellule finem: subtus saturate brunneis, anticis lineolis quinque
costalibus cretaceo-albis, maculis discalibus ceeruleis et posticis eodem colore irregulariter maculatis, linea
duplici ad angulum posticarum analem viridi-aurea, lobulo anali nigro.

@ alis supra omnino brunneis, aliter alis maris similibus.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui
(Aibbe), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).—Sourn America, Amazons valley + to South Brazil.

Hewitson separated a female of this species from Mr. Bates’s collection as 7. thalesa,
considering it was doubtfully different from T thales. With this type before us and a
considerable series uf specimens from widely distant points in ‘its range, we do not see
how the distinctness of 7. thalesa can be maintained. TJ. thales is not a common species
in our country, but extends as far north as Nicaragua, whence, however, we have only

female examples.
18. T. ARPOXAIS section.

87. Thecla arpoxais, sp. n. (Tab. LV. figg. 25, 26 3.)
Alis purpureo-nigris; anticis infra cellulam ad angulum analem et posticis, preter costam et marginem

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1887. H

50 RHOPALOCERA.

externum, lete ceruleis, macula nigra ad cellule finem: subtus nigricanti-brunneis, linea submarginali
communi argenteo-cxrulea, introrsum fusco limbata, in posticis perfracta, macula infra venam costalem
quoque cerulescente, linea submarginali indistincta coloris ejusdem, lobulo anali nigro introrsum viridi-
aureo limbata, macula inter ramos medianos nigra, inter eos macula altera quoque nigra, viridi-aureo
atomata.

Hab. Panama, Chitra (Arcé).

We have only a single male specimen of this peculiar species.

68. A double alar stigma at the end of the cell of the primaries, a single marginal
filament; costa of secondaries normal. (Species 88-100.)

1. T. RUSTAN section.

88. Thecla rustan.
Papilio rustan, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Ex. p. 166, t. 38. ff. 1, 1a’.
Thecla macaria, Swains. Zool. Ill. iii. t. 133 °. |

Alis brunneis; anticis, plaga discali marginem internum attingente cewrulea, stigmate ad cellule finem: subtus
rufescenti-fuscis, anticis ad apicem et margine externo saturatioribus, maculis quatuor ultra cellulam et
duabus inter ramos medianos brunneis; posticis parte costali pallidioribus, macula mediana brunnea, linea
irregulari submarginali brunnea, ad marginem internum late albido marginata, linea altera interiore~
perfracta, extrorsum albo marginata, angulum analem versus pallidiore, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos
medianos brunneis.

? mari similis, sed posticis quoque ad basin ceruleo suffusis.

Hab. British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé).—Sovutu

America, Amazons valley to South-east Brazil, Pernambuco ?.

A species of very wide range, but nowhere common. Central-American examples
have the blue of the upper surface of the primaries of a rather greener shade than
prevails in southern specimens, but this difference is very slight.

2. T. KEILA section.

89. Thecla keila. (Tab. LIV. figg..7,83,92.)

Thecla keila, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 121, t. 52. ff. 280, 281°.

Thecla parasia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 170, t. 67. ff. 480, 481 ?.

Alis lete nitide cyaneis; anticis costa et bitriente apicali nigris, stigmate duplici permagno ad cellule finem ;
posticis ciliis nigris, area abdominali fusca, margine interno albo, lobulo anali puncto rubro: subtus
cinereis, linea communi discali nigra, extrorsum albo late limbata, in posticis fracta, marginem internum
versus fulvo interdum marginata, linea submarginali communi fusca, albo utrinque obsolete atomata, lobulo

anali nigro, introrsum fulyo atomato, juxta eum macula nigricante albo atomata, macula nigra introrsum
fulvo cincta inter ramos medianos.

¢ alis fuscis; anticis dimidio basali et posticis medialiter ceruleo lavatis: subtus mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli); Guarema.a, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.1), San
Gerénimo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt?) ; Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—VENEZUELA.

In the distribution of its colours this species resembles 7. orcynia, but it may at once

THECLA. dl

be distinguished by the large cellular brand of the male. On the underside the white
edgings to the inner common band are very broad towards the costa in both wings, the
outer band too has its inner white border much expanded towards the anal angle.
This character serves to distinguish the female from that sex of 7. orcynia, which it
otherwise much resembles. The specimen of 7. keila from which Hewitson took his
description was captured by us in the valley of the Polochic, from which district we
have since received several female examples and other males from San Gerénimo; we
have also a male from Southern Mexico in which the blue of the upper surface is
rather dark and the wings a trifle less pointed. We have likewise a male from
Venezuela agreeing with the type, and we have no doubt that the species described
by Hewitson from Nicaragua as Thecla parasia belongs to this species. Hewitson’s
figures of this insect are very unsatisfactory, the peculiarities of the cellular brand
being very inadequately rendered. Our figures represent a male from San Gerénimo
and a female from the valley of the Polochic. .

90. Thecla orios, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 10, 11 ¢.)

3 alis supra fusco-nigris ; anticis ad marginem internum cyaneis, stigmate duplici ad cellule finem ; posticis,
preter costam et marginem externum, lete cyaneis: subtus brunneo-fuscis, linea communi discali fusco-
nigra extrorsum albo marginata, in anticis lunulata, in posticis fracta et ad marginem internum angulata,
lobulo anali nigro, macula rubra juxta eam, macula magna inter ramos medianos introrsum rubro cincta
marginem fere attingente, lunulis submarginalibus fuscis, albido utrinque limbatis, margine ipso fusco,
introrsum albido limbato.

Hab. GuatemaLa, Panima (Champion).

We have only a single specimen of this species, and it unfortunately is somewhat
stained. There is nothing that we are acquainted with that resembles it at all closely.

91. Thecla tephreus.

Bithys tephreus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p.75* (descr. nulla); Geyer in Hibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett.
v. p. 39, ff. 959, 960°.

Thecla tephreus, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 106° (2).

Thecla faventia, Hew. loc. cit. t. 43. ff. 172, 173%.

Alis nitide cyaneis; anticis costa, apice et margine externo nigricantibus, stigmate duplici permagno ad cellule
finem ; posticis costa late et margine externo anguste nigris: subtus schistaceis, linea communi ultra
cellulas introrsum fusca extrorsum alba; posticis linea altera submarginali lunulata fusca, utrinque albido
limbata, lobulo anali nigro, macula inter ramos medianos rubra puncto nigro.

mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer); British Honpuras, Corosal
(Roe); Guatemata, Polochic and central valleys (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Tucuru, Chaco},
Cahabon, Cubilguitz, San Gerénimo (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson) ;
Panama, Calobre (Arcé).— VENEZUELA? ; AMAZONS VALLEY.

One of the commonest species of the South-American Lyceenide, being found over a
H 2

52 RHOPALOCERA.

large area, and specially abundant in Central America. It is a low-country species,
reaching in the mountains to an altitude of about 5000 feet above the sea-level.

3. T. PRAXIS section.
92. Thecla praxis, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 12, 13 ¢.)

T. ortalo similis, sed anticis ad apicem multo latius nigricanti-fuscis: subtus lobulo anali nigro, colore rubro
juxta eum vix ullo.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Arcé), Taboga I. (Walker, Mathew), Panama (fibbe).—
CoLOMBIA.

We have three male specimens of this species, which seems sufficiently distinct from
T. ortalus on the one hand and 7’. tassa on the other to justify its separation. The
apex of the primaries is much more broadly brown and the anal angle of the seconda-
ries beneath is scarcely marked with rufous. We have likewise an example from
Colombia obtained by Mr. Wheeler, which, being in good condition, we have figured.

93. Thecla ortalus, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 14, 15 ¢.)

d alis supra chalybeo-ceruleis; anticis apice et margine externo fusco-nigricantibus, stigmate duplici ad
cellule finem ; posticis costa et margine externo fusco-nigricantibus, area abdominali coloris ejusdem, ciliis
angulum analem versus albis, lobulo anali macula rubra: subtus brunnescentibus, linea discali communi
introrsum nigricante extrorsum alba; posticis linea altera exteriore utrinque albo limbata, margine ipso
nigricante, introrsum albo anguste marginata, lobulo anali nigro, macula rubra juxta eam, macula altera
rubra inter ramos medianos puncto nigro, inter eos plaga fusca albo atomata.

alis supra viridescenti-fuscis, extrorsum fusco marginatis: subtus mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli).

This species is closely allied to 7. tiassa of the Amazons region. The male differs
above in having less purple in the blue of the wings, and the bands of the secondaries
beneath are rather more divergent towards the costa. The female has a greenish cast
over the base of the wings instead of being of a uniform brown, as in the other species.
At present we have only seen a pair of 7’. ortalus, both from Cordova, and we figure
the male.

94. Thecla stagira.
Thecla stagira, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 118, t. 89. ff. 120, 1211.

Alis supra chalybeo-ceruleis, marginibus externis nigricantibus; anticis stigmate duplici ad cellule finem ;
posticis lobulo anali puncto rubro: subtus purpurescenti-fuscis, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum
albido limhata, anticis ultra eam pallidioribus plaga mediana viridescente, costa ad basin rubra; posticis
linea submarginali nigricante, introrsum albo atomata, lobulo anali nigro, macula parva rubra juxta eum,
macula altera nigra introrsum rubro cincta inter ramos medianos, margine externo ad angulum analem
nigro introrsum albo limbato, ciliis albis dimidio apicali fuscescentibus.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé), Bugaba (Champion).—CoLoMBIa ; AMAZONS 1.

Our examples from Chiriqui, being fresh, differ from a type from Mr. Bates’s collection,

THECLA. 53

and are of a darker metallic blue on the upper surface and beneath of rather a more
purple tint ; but as we find some variation in both respects in our northern specimens,
we are inclined to attribute the difference to the age of the examples and the action
of light upon them. Hewitson was evidently confused as to this species, as the insect
figured on his plate (xliii. f. 167) as a variety of 7. stagira must clearly represent
another species. Moreover, an example in Bates’s collection marked ‘7. stagira” by
Hewitson cannot possibly belong here. We have therefore considered solely his first

figure, with which a specimen in Mr. Bates’s collection from the Tapajos river fairly
coincides.

95. Thecla cambes. (Tab. LIV. figg. 16, 17¢, 189.)

Alis obscure sericeo-azureis ; anticis dimidio apicali fuscis, stigmate duplici ad cellule finem ; posticis dimidio
postico ceeruleis, apice et margine externo fuscis: subtus fuscis, lineis duabus communibus albis in posticis
valde sinuosis ; dimidio posticarum distali albo dense atomato, lineolis duabus ad cellule finem albis,
maculis tribus coccineis nigro extrorsum limbatis, duabus ad angulum analem conjunctis, tertia inter ramos
medianos a margine aliquanto distante.

@ alis fuscis ; anticis ad basin, posticis (preter marginem) cxruleis, maculis tribus submarginalibus ad angulum
analem : subtus alis maris similibus, lineis posticarum albis, fractis et diffusis.

Hab. Mzxico, Cordova (Riimeli); Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.).

Of this species we have but two males from Cordova and a female from Guatemala,
which we place with them with some doubt, as the white lines on the uncer surface
are somewhat differently situated. If, however, this female does not belonz to this
species, it is certainly that of a very close ally. We now figure it and one of the
Cordova males.

96. Thecla volupia. (Tab. LIV. figg. 19, 20 ¢.)
Thecla volupia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 177, t. 69. ff. 517, 518°.

Alis cyaneis ; anticis margine externo nigro, stigmate duplici ad cellule finem ; posticis margine externo anguste
nigro, ciliis albis: subtus schistaceis viridi vix lavatis, linea discali communi introrsum fusca extrorsum
alba ad marginem posticarum internum fracta; posticis margine externo fusco, introrsum albo anguste
marginato, linea submarginali ad angulum analem nigra, introrsum albo marginata, lobulo anali nigro,
macula inter ramos medianos nigra introrsum late rufo marginata.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt +).

T. volupia is allied to T. leucopheus of the southern continent, being undistinguishable
on the upperside; but, beneath, the wings (especially the secondaries) are more
uniformly grey, and the anal lobe is black without any rufous border. The only
specimens we have seen of this species are those obtained by Belt, two of which, both
males, are now in our possession, one of which is figured.

54 RHOPALOCERA.

4, T. EPIDIUS section.

97. Thecla epidius, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 21, 22 ¢ .)

Alis lete cyaneis; anticis costa ad basin, apice et margine externo nigris, stigmate duplici permagno ad
cellule finem ; posticis margine externo nigro, area abdominali fusca: subtus ochraceo-fuscis, linea com-
muni discali internum nigricante, extrorsum albo,in posticis fracta ad marginem internum angulata, lobulo
anali nigro, macula inter ramos medianos rubra puncto nigro, inter eos macula fusca albo atomata.

? mari similis, sed alarum colore ceruleo dilutiore.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (£ibe).—CoLomBIA.

This species is allied to 7. doryasa, but it may readily be recognized by the red
colour of the secondaries beneath being confined to the spot between the median
branches instead of spread over the greater portion of the analangle. Herr Ribbe
obtained a single male example of this species at Chiriqui, and we havea pair from
the San Juan river in Western Colombia; it is also in Mr. Wheeler’s collection from
the interior of the same country. The latter we have figured.

5. T. LAusus section.

98. Thecla lausus. (Tab. LIV. fig. 23 2.)
Papilio lausus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 233. E’.
Thecla lausus, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 97’.

Alis fuscis; anticis ad marginem internum et posticis preter marginem externum glauco-cexrulescentibus ;
anticis stigmate fusco (dimidio inferiore nigro) ad cellule finem: subtus fuscis; anticis fasciis tribus albis
tran svittatis, una abbreviata per cellulam, una ultra eam, tertia submarginali ad angulum analem dilatata ;
posticis macula irregulari magna costali ad angulum apicalem, linea tri-ramosa supra venam subcostalem
macula apicali conjuncta alba, lineis duabus margini externo subparallelis, interiore per cellule finem
arcuata inter ramos medianos fracta, exteriore lunulata, ad angulum analem fusco limbata, macula parva
inter ramos medianos cervina puncto nigro, maculis duabus nigris ad angulum analem.

mari similis, sed alis intus multo canescentioribus.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch).—AMAZONS VALLEY ? ;

Guiana 1.

We have before us a male from Chiriqui, lent us by Dr. Staudinger, and a female
from Belt’s Nicaragua collection, which agree with others from the Amazons valley
and with Cramer’s figure of 7. /awsus. Our figure represents the underside of the
Nicaragua specimen.

6. T. SYNCELLUS section.

99. Thecla syncellus.
Papilio syncellus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 334, A, B’.
Thecla syncellus, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. pp. 109, 183, t. 46. ff. 207, 208 (¢)*, t. 72. ff. 553, 554°.

Alis nitide cyaneis; anticis apice et margine externo anguste nigris, stigmate duplici ad cellule finem ;
posticis ciliis nigris, lobulo anali quoque nigro, albido atomato: subtus nitide fuscis; anticis macula parva

THECLA. 55

ad basin coste coccinea, linea communi ultra cellulas in posticis ad marginem internum angulata et
extrorsum albo limbata, linea altera submarginali ad angulum analem introrsum viridi-argenteo marginata,
maculis tribus ad angulum analem nigris, albido circumcinctis, media viridi-argentea frequenter atomata.

Q alis fusco-nigris, intus obscure cyaneis: subtus alis maris similibus, sed pallidioribus, lineis et maculis
omnibus magis distinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimelt), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); GuATEMALA,
Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Cahabon, La Tinta, Panima, San Gerénimo, El
Reposo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Panama, Bugaba, David
(Champion), Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé).—SoutH AmeERIcA, Colombia and Ecuador to
Amazons valley ? and Guiana !.

T. syncellus is one of the most abundant species of this family throughout Tropical
America from Mexico through the Amazon valley to Guiana, and we have a large
series of both sexes. Individuals agree very closely with one another, except that the
outer black border of the primaries in the males of Mexican and Guatemalan examples
is narrower than in those from further south; but as there seems to be considerable
variation in this respect, we are unwilling to lay too much stress upon it. TJ. syncellus,
so far as we know, has no close allies.

7. T. ocHus section.
100. Thecla ochus, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 24, 25.3, 26, 279.)

Alis nitidissime cyaneis, extrorsum anguste nigro marginatis; anticis stigmate duplici ad cellule finem et
infra eam plaga magna discali nigerrima; posticis lobulo anali nigro, maculis duabus parvis albis
instructo : subtus nigricanti-fuscis; anticis maculis duabus parvis sub medio coste, altera triangulari
venis quinque partita apicem propiore et atomis variis ad medium marginis externi albis, macula parva
ad basin coste coccinea ; posticis fascia pallida valde indistincta ab angulo apicali ad medium marginis
interni transeunte, lineis transversis nigris divisa, iis ad angulum analem indistincte productis, maculis
duabus submarginalibus coccineis, albo atomatis, una utrinque ramo mediano primo posita maculisque aliis
ad angulum analem pallide stramineis.

@ alis fusco-nigricantibus, area interna nitide cwruleis, maculis quibusdam albis ad angulum analem: subtus
alis maris similibus, sed maculis et lineis omnibus multo magis distinctis.

Hab. Guatemata, Vera Paz (Hague), Duefias (Champion). —

We have based our description of this species on two specimens, male and female, in
our collection, from Guatemala, the former sent us by Mr. Hague from Vera Paz, the
latter captured by Mr. Champion near Duefias, both of which we figure. Dr. Staudinger
now sends us a male from the Volcan de Chiriqui which differs slightly from our tvpe
in that the blue is a little less brilliant and the black spot on the primaries is consider-
ably more extensive. It is quite possible that this southern form should bear a separate
name, but we should like to see more examples before describing it.

T. ochus, jadging from the pattern of the wings beneath, is obviously allied to
T. paphiagon of Felder, of which we have three female examples in our collection.
The type of this species is said to be a male; but, judging from what we find in
T. ochus, we think it possible that an error has been made as to the sex of this

56 RHOPALOCERA.

specimen, and that the male of 7. paphlagon remains to be discovered. Both these
species have a general resemblance to the well-known 7’. pelion of Cramer, but the
structure of the brand of the primaries of the males differs essentially, so that the
apparent similarity may not indicate any close relationship.

c®. No alar stigma, but a pencil of hairs on the subcostal nervure of the secondaries
above ; costa of secondaries normal ; a single marginal filament. (Species 101, 102.)

101. Thecla pion, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 28, 28a, 294, 302.)
Alis obscure fuscis, anticis infra cellulam ad marginem internum et posticis (preter apicem) obscure cyaneis ;
posticis vena mediana penicillata : subtus fuscis, linea communi discali fusca, in posticis fracta et extrorsum
albo marginata, posticis quoque linea submarginali indistincta fusca, lobulo anali nigro, introrsum albo et

rubro anguste marginato, macula juxta eum nigra ceruleo atomata, macula quoque inter ramos medianos
rubra puncto nigro instructa.

Q mari similis, sed alarum colore cxeruleo multo magis pallido, vena mediana posticarum haud penicillata :
subtus omnino pallidioribus, lineis magis distinctis.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley, Duefias (F. D. G. & O.8.), Calderas ( Champion) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Zrdétsch).

A species readily recognized in the male by the small tuft of hair on the median
nervure of the secondaries, which is placed on the costal side of the nervure instead of
the median, as in 7’. oppia.

We have a good series of specimens from Guatemala, and have figured a male from

Dueiias and a female from Calderas. The only Panama example before us is a female
lent us by Dr. Staudinger.

102. Thecla oppia, sp. n. (Tab. LV. fige. 1,22.)

Alis purpureis ; anticis costa et margine externo -nigris; posticis costa et margine nigris, area abdominali
quoque nigra, lobulo anali puncto rubro, stigmate supra venam subcostalem ad cellule finem introrsum
penicillato: subtus fusco-brunneis, linea communi discali fusco, extrorsum albo, in posticis fracta, altera
indistineta submarginali albida ; anticis plaga infra cellulam argenteo micante; posticis angulo anali rufo,
lobulo suo nigro, macula juxta eam nigro atomata, tertia inter ramos medianos quoque nigra introrsum late
rufo limbata, margine externo nigro introrsum albo anguste marginato.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimelt).

We have four male specimens of this species, all from the same locality—the
neighbourhood of Cordova in Mexico; but the female yet remains to be discovered.
The species is very peculiar, having a brand on the secondaries supplemented with a
tuft of hair.

T. panchea and its Guatemalan ally 7. pion have also each a tuft on the seconda-

ries, but this proceeds from the upper instead of the underside of the subcostal nervure ;
aud there is no stigma.

THECLA. 57

d°, The costa of the secondaries much arched, covering a stigmatic patch on the
primaries beneath below the median nervure. (Species 103-108.)

a’. An alar stigma at the end of the cell of the primaries; secondaries with
marginal filament. (Species 103, 104.)

103. Thecla ambrax. (Tab. LV. figg. 5, 6 3.)
Thecla ambrax, Westw. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 485, t. 75. f.71; Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep.
p. 101, t. 41. f. 150 ”.

Alis nitide cyaneis; anticis costa apice et margine externo nigris, stigmate ad cellule finem ; posticis plaga
magna costali sericea, margine externo anguste nigro: subtus schistaceo-fuscis ; anticis linea submar-
ginali introrsum fusca, extrorsum albo limbata, plaga magna discali granulata; posticis linea irregulari
ultra cellulam transversa, introrsum fusca, extrorsum albo marginata, altera submarginali fusca utrinque
albo late limbata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum rubro, macula inter ramos medianos rubra puncto nigro.

mari similis, sed alis cewrulescentioribus.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama (Ribbe).—AMAzoNs VALLEY; S.E. Braziu} 2.

We have a male specimen of this species from Nicaragua and a female from Panama,
lent us by Dr. Staudinger; these agree with Brazilian examples and others from the
valley of the Amazons.

104. Thecla syedra, (Tab. LV. figg. 7, 8.)

Thecla syedra, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 108, t. 39. ff. 128, 129, t. 41. f. 145°.

Alis viridi-cyaneis ; anticis costa late, dimidio apicali et margine externo toto, nigris; posticis parte apicali et
margine externo anguste quoque nigris: subtus schistaceo-fuscis, anticis fascia arcuata ultra cellulam
fusca albo late marginata, plaga mediana nitide stramineo granulata ; posticis linea sinuata ultra cellulam,
introrsum fusca extrorsum alba, altera submarginali indistincta fusca utrinque irregulariter limbata,
lobulo anali nigro, macula magna rubida inter ramos medianos puncto nigro.

mari similis, sed alis supra cerulescentioribus: subtus dilutioribus.

Hab. GuateMAa, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.); Costa Rica (mus. Staudinger).—
AMAZONS VALLEY },

Hewitson described this species from Amazon specimens, with which three examples
obtained by us in the Polochic valley do not materially differ. We have seen no
specimens from other parts of Central America, except a male from Costa Rica lent us
by Dr. Staudinger. 7. syedra belongs to a group of which Z. sicheus of Cramer is
the best-known example; from this it may at once be recognized by the discal patch
on the primaries beneath being straw-coloured instead of blackish brown.

6". No alar stigma ; secondaries with marginal filament. (Species 105-107.)

1, T. MYRTUSA section.

105. Thecla myrtusa.
Thecla myrtusa, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 95, t. 38. f. 111°.
3 alis cyaneis ; anticis costa late et dimidio apicali nigricantibus ; posticis ciliis nigris: subtus viridescenti-

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1887. I

58 RHOPALOCERA.

fuscis, anticis fascia submarginali indistincta maculosa, introrsum nigricante extrorsum albicante ; posticis
macula alba introrsum nigro marginata sub medio cost, fasciis duabus submarginalibus, interiore
multo fracta, introrsum nigro, extrorsum albolimbata, exteriore ad angulum apicalem maculosa ad angulum
analem lunulosa, extrorsum nigro introrsum albo marginata, macula submarginali inter ramos medianos
rufa nigro subpupillata, juxta eam macula altera fusca albo dense irrorata, lobulo anali nigro.

Hab. Panama, San Miguel in the Pearl Islands (Champion).—AMAZONS VALLEY * and
GUIANA, .

We have a single male example of this species, captured by Mr. Champion on San
Miguel, one of the Pearl Islands. This has the wings of a somewhat richer blue than
we find in Amazons examples, but the difference is not considerable. ,

2. T. ERICETA section.

106. Thecla ericeta. (Tab. LV. figg. 3, 4 ¢.)

Thecla ericeta, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 104, t. 44. ff. 177, 178°.
Thecla munatia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 211, t. 84. ff. 716, 717°.

3 alis nitide sericeo-cyaneis ; anticis costa et dimidio apicali nigris ; posticis costa polita viridescente, margine
externo anguste nigro, area abdominali et ciliis fuscis: subtus fuscis, linea communi discali alba ad
marginem posticarum internum nigro introrsum marginata, linea altera submarginali fusca (ad angulum
analem nigra) utrinque albo limbata, lobulo anali nigro puncto introrsum rubro, macula juxto eum albo
atomata, macula tertia nigra introrsum rubro cincta inter ramos medianos, margine externo nigro introrsum
albo limbato. |

@ nobis ignota.

Hab. Guatemaa2, low forests of Vera Paz (Ff. D. G. & O. S.1) ; Panama, Bugaba (Cham-
pion), Chiriqui (Z'rétsch).

We have but two specimens of this beautiful species, and a third has been lent us
by Dr. Staudinger. The Guatemala example was taken by us in the low forest beyond
Coban in Vera Paz, and formed the type of Hewitson’s description and figure: the latter
very inadequately represents this species, the colour of the underside being represented
as of a chocolate instead of a grey tint, and the white lines are broken up in places
where they ought to be continuous. Dr. Staudinger has also lent us his type of
Thecla munatia, which we cannot distinguish from that of 7. ericeta.

3. T. LATAGUS section.

107. Thecla latagus, sp. n. (Tab. LV. figg. 9, 102.)

Alis cyaneis; anticis costa apice et margine externo nigris; posticis margine externo et ciliis. nigris, plaga
magna super venam subcostalem nigerrima, area abdominali fusca: subtus fuscis, lineis duabus discalibus
communibus fuscis, interiore extrorsum, exteriore introrsum albido limbatis ; posticis lobulo anali nigro,
introrsum vix rubro atomato, macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum rubro marginata.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (2zbde).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a single male example of this very distinct species, which

THECLA. — 59

may readily be recognized by the black patch on the upper surface of the secondaries.
The inner margin of the primaries is considerably dilated, so as to cover this patch
when the wings are normally extended. :

c’. No marginal filament. (Species 108.)
4. T. ORASUS section.

108. Thecla orasus, sp.n. (Tab. LV. figg. 11,12¢.)

3 alis omnino sericeo-cyaneis, posticis paullo dilutioribus ; anticarum costa et apice anguste nigricantibus ;
posticis stigmate supra venam subcostalem ad ramum suum: subtus cinereis, fascia communi discali in
posticis valde irregulari fusca introrsum albo limbata, fascia altera submarginali indistincta quoque fusca,
lobulo anali et puncto inter ramos medianos nigris; anticis infra cellulam ad angulum analem omnino

sericeo-viridi-ceruleis.

Hab. Guatemata, Purula (Champion).

We have a single male specimen of this beautiful species, taken by Mr. Champion

near Purula in Guatemala.

e®, A single stigma at the end of the cell of the primaries, but no marginal filament
to the secondaries ; costa of secondaries normal. (Species 109-111.)

109. Thecla gadira. (Tab. LV. figg. 13,14 ¢.)
Thecla gadira, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 118, t. 44. ff. 181, 182°.

Alis letissime cyaneis, costa et margine externo anguste nigris, stigmate fusco ad cellule anticarum finem :
subtus griseis, linea submarginali communi albida; posticis linea altera discali alba fusco introrsum vix
limbata, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos nigris, introrsum rubro limbatis.

9 alis fuscis; anticis cellula et infra eam ad angulum analem ceruleis; posticis ceruleis, angulo apicali et
margine externo fuscis: subtus alis maris similibus, sed pallidioribus.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S."), San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. & 0. S.,
Champion).
This species was described by Hewitson from a female example obtained by us in

the Polochic valley. We have since procured males from the same locality. As
Hewitson conjectured, there is no trace of any tail-like appendage to the secondaries.

110. Thecla norax, sp.n. (Tab. LV. figg. 17, 18 ¢.)

T. gadire similis, sed alis pallidiore cyaneis, marginibus externis latius nigris, stigmate anticarum magis
rotundo: subtus pallidioribus; posticis lineis lunulatis albidis frequenter transfasciatis.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (&. D. G. & O.S8.).

We have two male specimens of this species, which is clearly distinct from T. gadira,

and, like it, there is no trace of a tail to the secondaries.
12

60 RHOPALOCER A.

111. Thecla minthe, sp. n. (Tab. LV. figg. 15, 16 3 .)

T. gadire quoque similis, quoad picturam pagine alarum superioris; anticis subtus dimidio interno sericeo-
cyaneo facile distinguenda.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas (Forrer).

Mr. Forrer obtained a single male specimen of this species in the Sierra Madre in
Durango, at an elevation of nearly 6000 feet. In general appearance 7’. minthe is
closely allied to 7. gadira and T. norax, but may readily be distinguished by the blue
patch on the under surface of the primaries beneath.

6°. Wings without an alar stigma. (Species 112-209.)

f°. Wings green beneath ; secondaries with outer margin much rounded and without
marginal filament. (Species 112-115.)

112. Thecla quaderna.
Thecla quaderna, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 3851; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 209, t. 83. ff. 708, 704.

Alis nigris; anticis infra cellulam ad marginem internum, posticis interne et lineola submarginali ad angulum
analem lete ceruleis; costa anticarum ipsa et ciliis, cervinis: subtus viridibus, linea communi discali
ruberrima in anticis fere continua in posticis omnino fracta, lunulas varias formante, maculis aliis sub-
marginalibus sagittiformibus quoque ruberrimis, squamis quibusdam nigris notatis.

Hab. Mexico }?, Las Vigas(W. Schaus) ; GuateMaLa, Quiche Mountains (Champion).

We have a single male specimen of this species, taken by Mr. Champion in the

Quiche Mountains. The description was based upon a Mexican example which we’
have examined.

113. Thecla aura, sp. n. (Tab. LV. figg. 21, 22¢.)

T. quaderne similis, sed anticis omnino nigris ; posticis tantum medialiter cyaneis, lineola submarginali cerulea

nulla: subtus magis glaucis, linea discali anticarum margini externo propiore, maculis submarginalibus
rufis nullis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch).

This species is clearly distinct from T. quaderna, though closely allied to it. | We

have as yet only seen two male examples, one from each of the localities cited above.
We figure the one from Costa Rica.

114, Thecla attalion, sp.n. (Tab. LV. figg. 19, 20.)

T. quaderne quoque similis, sed alis supra omnino brunneis ; posticis lineola submarginali ad angulum analem
tantum cerulea.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Sallé).

The brown upper surface of the wings of this species renders it easily distinguishable

THECLA. 61

from its allies; the primaries, too, are much more pointed. We have but a single
specimen before us, which we believe to be a male; this we obtained from M. Sallé.

115. Thecla ares, sp.n. (Tab. LV. figg. 23, 24.)

Alis brunneis purpareo vix tinctis: subtus viridibus, linea discali communi albida vix obvia, lineola quoque
ad cellulas fines, fronte et oculorum ambitu viridibus.

Hab. Guatemata (mus. Staudinger).—AMAZONS VALLEY.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a single mutilated specimen of a Thecla which agrees
with a hitherto unnamed example in our collection taken at Ega by Mr. Bates. Both
appear to be males. We figure the latter.

The species to which 7. ares is most nearly allied is 7. bidlia of Hewitson.

g®. Outer margin of secondaries normal, with a marginal filament. (Species 116-208.)

1. T. oROBIA section.

116. Thecla orobia. (Tab. LV. figg. 29, 30 ¢.)

Thecla orobia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 103, t. 40. ff. 1384, 185°.

Alis viridescenti-ceruleis, marginibus nigricantibus: subtus saturate brunneis; anticis, costa precipue ad
apicem albido atomata, fascia obliqua ultra cellulam quoque albida, infra eam maculis quatuor cerules-
centibus, area mediana certa luce cerulescente; posticis maculis quibusdam nigris ceruleo pupillatis, una
inter ramos costalem et subcostalem, reliquis ultra cellulam dispersis angulum analem versus aureo
atomatis, angulo ipso nigro.

@ alis supra omnino brunneis: subtus alis maris similibus.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).—VENEZUELA; AMazons!.

Our single specimen from the State of Panama, which we figure, has less green in
the middle of the primaries beneath, but does not otherwise differ from Amazons
examples. Our only female is from the river Tapajos, and formed part of Mr. Bates’s
collection.

2. T. EMPUSA section.

117. Thecla empusa.
Thecla empusa, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 106, t. 42. ff. 158, 159°.
Thecla tympania, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 128, t. 51. ff. 276, 2777.
Thecla bethulia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 128, t. 51. ff. 278, 279°.
Tmolus halciones, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 108*; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 161, t. 57. £. 9°.
Alis anticis nigricantibus, cellula partim et area ad marginem internum cyaneis; posticis cyaneis, apice et
margine externo nigris, ciliis albidis, area abdominali fusco-nigra: subtus griseis, linea communi discali

introrsum fusca extrorsum alba ad marginem posticarum internum angulata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum
flavido, macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum rufo deinde flavido marginata, inter eos macula

fusca albo atomata.
9 alis fuscis ad basin viridi-ceruleo tinctis, aliter alis maris similibus.

62 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Guatemana, Panima (Champion); NIcaRacva, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica
(Van Patten45); Panama, Chiriqui (Z'rdtsch)—AMAZONS VALLEY *?°. | :

The first description of this species was based upon Amazon specimens by Hewitson,
who likewise described it under the names of Thecla tympania and Thecla bethulia.
Specimens of it were subsequently sent by Van Patten from Costa Rica, and these
were redescribed by Messrs. Butler and Druce as Z'molus halciones; but with typical
examples of all these supposed species before us, we do not see any valid grounds for
their separation. We now trace 7. empusa into Guatemala and the State of Panama,
but it is nowhere a common insect.

118. Thecla mecrida.

Thecla mecrida, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 94, t. 38. ff. 108, 109’.

Alis fuscis; anticis ad marginem internum et posticis area interna obscure ceruleis: subtus schistaceis ;
anticis lineis duabus transversis exteriore submarginali introrsum albo limbata, interiore ultra cellulam
extrorsum albo limbata ; posticis lineis tribus transfasciatis, prima abbreviata per cellulam et cum tertia
introrsum albo limbata, secunda angulata (ad ramum medianum primum interrupta) extrorsum albo limbata,

macula submarginali inter ramos medianos fulva nigro subpupillata, lobulo anali medaliter nigro, juxta
eum macula altera nigro albo atomata.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe).—AMAZONS VALLEY }.

We have a single male specimen of this species before us, lent us by Dr. Staudinger ;
it agrees with our Amazon examples, whence the type was derived.

3. T. TANAIS section.
119. Thecla tanais, sp.n. (Tab. LV. figg. 27, 28.)

Alis supra fuscis; anticis ad marginem internum et posticis fere omnino nitide ceruleis, lobulo anali media-
liter rubro: subtus griseo-fuscis, linea discali communi fusca, extrorsum albo limbata, in posticis ad
marginem internum angulata, lobulo anali nigro, macula rubra juxta eum, maculis duabus magnis attin-
gentibus extrorsum et introrsum nigro marginatis albis, intus nigro atomatis.

mari similis, colore ceeruleo pagine alarum superioris obscuriore.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé), Chiriqui (Trétsch).

We have several specimens of this pretty species, including one from Dr. Staudinger.

In its range it seems restricted to the State of Panama. The specimen figured came
from Chiriqui.

4, T. CYDRARA section.

120. Thecla cydrara.
Thecla cydrara, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 17’; Til. Diurn. Lep. p. 183, t. 58. ff. 295, 296”.

Alis fusco-nigris; anticis area ad marginem internum viridi-cyanea; posticis medialiter ejusdem coloris,
margine externo anguste nigricante: subtus albidis, linea discali communi fusco-brunnea, extrorsum albo
limbata, in posticis omnino fracta, in anticis plaga magna triangulari costali fusca attingente ; posticis ad
basin fusco maculosis, linea communi submarginali lunulata fusca ad marginem internum nigra, lobulo
anali nigro, macula juxta eum quoque nigro albo atomata.

THECLA. 63

Hab. Guarumata, forests of Northern Vera Paz (F. D. G. & O. S.).—SouTH AMERICA,
Amazons valley 12 and Guiana.

We have a single male specimen of this species taken by ourselves in Guatemala in
the forest country north of Coban; but it appears not to have been noticed elsewhere
within our limits. In South America it is an abundant species, especially in the
Amazons valley. The triangular spot on the costa of the primaries beneath renders
this insect easily distinguished.

121. Thecla echion.
Papilio echion, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p.788*; Esp. Schmett. i. p. 265, t. 20. f. 1”.
Thecla echion, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 155, t. 61. ff. 410, 411 °.
Papilio crolus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 833. G, H°.

Alis nigricantibus; anticis area ad marginem internum et posticis fere omnino saturate cyaneis, stigmate
spurio ad cellule finem: subtus cinereis, fascia communi discali nigra, extrorsum albo introrsum rubro
limbata, in posticis in maculas fracta, maculis quoque tribus basin proprioribus nigris, interne rufis extrorsum
albo cinctis, linea altera submarginali nigra in posticis lunulata, lobulo anali puncto nigro, introrsum
macula aurantia notato, macula altera juxta eum alba dense atomata, puncto nigro inter ramos medianos
introrsum aurantio cincta.

9 alis fuscis, subtus alis maris similibus.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Jalapa (W. Schaus) ; GuatEMALA, Polochic
valley, Choctum (F. D. G. & 0. 8.), Panzos, Teleman San Gerénimo (Champion); Costa
Rica, Cache (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui and Calobre (Arcé), Taboga Island (Cham-
pion).—Soutn America, Colombia to the Amazons valley *, Guiana *, and South Brazil °.

T. echion isnot an uncommon species in Central America from Western Mexico to
Panama, and it is equally common throughout the tropical portions of South America.
The only difference that we notice in northern examples is that the orange spots near
the anal angle of the secondaries are much more clearly defined.

We are rather doubtful if this species is rightly placed here, for the terminal portion
of the cell has the scales arranged somewhat in the manner of a stigma; but the
position of the subcostal branches does not seem to be affected, as is the case when a
true stigma is present.

122. Thecla crolinus. (Tab. LV. figg. 31, 323, 339.)
Tmolus crolinus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 107*; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 160, t. 57..f.13°.

T. echioni similis, sed anticis colore alarum ceruleo fere totam cellulam occupante ; alis feminz quoque
cyaneo distincte lavatis. oT

Hab. Guaremata, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica ( Van Patten? 2);
Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch).

This species appears to be different from T. echion, and was described from a single
male specimen in Van Patten’s collection, which is now before us. We have a single

64 RHOPALOCERA.

female from Guatemala taken by ourselves in the Polochic valley. We figure it and
the Costa-Rica type. The Chiriqui specimen is a male lent us by Dr. Staudinger; it
is small, but agrees fairly with the type.

‘

5, T. PROBA section.

123. Thecla proba, sp.n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 1, 23,32.)

Alis azureis ; anticis costa et margine externo nigricanti-fuscis; posticis, costa late, margine externo anguste
nigricantibus, margine interno et ciliis albis: subtus cretaceo-albis fere immaculatis; posticis lobulo anali
macula minuta nigra, macula inter ramos medianos nigra, introrsum fulvo marginata, margine ad angulum
analem anguste nigro.

9 alis griseo-fuscis ad basin vix ceruleo tinctis: subtus linea communi discali obsoleta fusca.

Hab. Panama, Calobre (Arcé), Taboga Island (Champion).

This species appears to come nearest to 7. dindymus of Cramer, but may readily be
distinguished by the greater extension of the blue colouring into the apex of the
wings on the upperside, and beneath by the almost entire absence of all markings.
Guided apparently by the upper surface of the wings, Hewitson considered the male
of this species to be the female of his Thecla zigira, a species presenting many essen-
tial points of difference.

The male figured came from Calobre, the female from Taboga Island.

6. T. ORCYNIA section.

124. Thecla orcynia.
Thecla orcynia, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 11°; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 121, t. 50. ff. 262-265 ?.
Thecla aunia, Hew. Ul. Diurn. Lep. p. 167, t. 65. ff. 464, 4.65 °.

Alis supra nitide ceruleis; anticis costa et dimidio apicali fusco-nigricantibus ; posticis angulo anali, margine
externo quoque nigricantibus, lobulo anali rubro: subtus pallide fuscis, linea communi discali alba in
posticis perfracta, lineola duplici ad cellule finem quoque alba, linea altera submarginali communi albo
atomata ad angulum posticarum analem, extrorsum nigricante limbata, lobulo anali nigro, area juxta eum
rubra, macula nigra, introrsum rubro cincta, inter ramos medianos.

® alis fuscis ; anticis ad basin et posticis medialiter obscure ceruleo lavatis: subtus alis maris similibus, sed
alis plerumque canescentioribus.

Hab. GuaTEMALA, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G.& O. 8.12); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé, Trétsch), Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—
CoLoMBIA; VENEZUELA °.

This species has been the source of considerable difficulty, as it is evidently an
insect subject to variation both as regards the tint of the blue of the upper surface
and the general tone of the under surface of the wings, the latter being browner in
some cases and greyer in others.

Hewitson took his original description of 7. orcynia from a specimen in our collection
which we have now before us, and he subsequently described his 7. aunia from a

-THECLA. 65

Venezuelan example which we also possess. On comparing these two insects together
we see no tangible ground for their separation. The insect figured by Hewitson as the
female of T. orcynia we have lost sight of, but we do not hesitate to say that it has
nothing to do with the present species. The figure of the male is very unsatisfactory,
and without the type not capable of recognition with any degree of certainty.

We have a single specimen from the valley of the Polochic, which we place here with
considerable doubt. The blue is slightly more extended towards the apex of the prima-
ries than in typical 7’. orcynia, and the underside is darker; the inner band of the
secondaries is scarcely edged with a darker hue, though the. other markings seem all in
their places.

Having only one example of this form, we leave it under 7. orcynia—at least for

the present.

125. Thecla iopas, sp.n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 4, 5 4.)

Alis saturate cyaneis ; anticis costa et margine externo nigris ; posticis marginibus nigris, lobulo anali puncto
rubro, ciliis ad angulum analem albidis: subtus brunneis, linea communi discali nigricante in posticis
fracta ad marginem internum angulata, margine ipso nigro introrsum albo limbato, linea altera submar-
ginali nigricante, lobulo anali nigro puncto rubro introrsum, macula juxta eum nigra albo atomata, macula

nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum rubro cincta.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt).
We describe and figure this species from a single male specimen from Belt’s collec-
tion. We know of no species with which we can with advantage compare it.

126. Thecla ahola.
Thecla ahola, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 82, t. 35. ff. 78, 74°.

Alis supra viridi-cyaneis; anticis costa et dimidio apicali fuscis ; posticis, apice late, margine externo quoque
fuscis: subtus sordide griseis; anticis fasciis duabus albidis, una ultra cellulam, altera submarginali ;
posticis fasciis duabus ejusdem coloris, una per cellulam altera ultra eam sinuosa ad marginem internum
bene refracta, lineola ad cellule finem quoque albida et seriebus duabus submarginalibus lunularum
ejusdem coloris, ocellis duabus rubidis nigro pupillatis, una submarginali inter venam medianam et ramo
suo secundo altera ad angulum. analem.

Q nobis ignota.

Hab. Mexico (mus. Hew.1).—ConomBia! ; . VENEZUELA.

Our specimens of this species are said to be from Venezuela; but in the Hewitson
collection there is an example from Mexico, on which authority we include the species

in our fauna.

127. Thecla balius, sp. n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 6, 7 ¢.)

Alis nigris ; anticis disco infra cellulam usque ad marginem internum et posticis preter marginem letissime
eeruleis ; posticis, lobulo anali rubro, macula alba utrinque notata: subtus griseo-fuscis, linea communi
discali fusca extrorsum albo limbata, in posticis ad marginem internum fracta et bene angulata, introrsum
rubro marginata, linea altera submarginali fusca ad angulum analem nigra, albo introrsum marginata,
lobulo anali et’ maculis duabus juxta eum rubro introrsum cinctis, margine externo nigricante in-

trorsum albe limbato, fronte inter oculos rubida.
Q mari similis, colore alarum ceruleo pallidiore, maculis tribus submarginalibus ad angulum posticarum analem.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., September 1887. K

66 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.).—CoLoMBIa.

We have long had in our possession a worn specimen from Guatemala of this bril-
liant Thecla, but it is only recently that we have received a fresh male through
Mr. Wheeler’s kindness, who obtained his specimen in the interior of Colombia. The
species has no near ally with which we are acquainted. |

We figure the Colombian specimen.

7. T. BASSANIA section.

128. Thecla bassania.
Thecla bassania, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 14°; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 117, t. 47. ff. 217, 2182.

Alis nitide cyaneis; anticis costa, apice late, et margine externo fuscis ; posticis costa late, margine externo
quoque fuscis, lobulo anali indistincte fulvo notato: subtus fuscis, lineola duplici ad cellule finem, linea
ultra eam quoque duplici (catene simili) lineisque duabus submarginalibus sordide albis; posticis lineis
duabus duplicibus valde irregularibus (catenw similibus) una per cellulam, altera ultra eam, lineisque
duabus ad cellule finem et duabus submarginalibus sordide albis, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos
medianos nigris introrsum castaneo limbatis, inter eos macula fusca albido atomata.

Hab. Mexico’, Cordova (Hoge), Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guaremata, Polochic valley

(FD. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers) ; Panama, Pefia Blanca (Champion).

T. bassania is a somewhat peculiar species, allied to Z. oreala of South Brazil, from
which it differs in the colour of the wings above and in other minor points. So far as
we know, it is restricted in its range to Central America and Southern Mexico, whence

the types were procured. It is nowhere common, but we have more specimens from
Costa Rica than from any other place. |

8. T. CaLICOLOR section.

129. Thecla celicolor.

Strymon coelicolor, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 106+; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 158, t. 57. f. 67.
Thecla celicolor, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p 171°.

Thecla hena, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 171, t. 67. ff. 486, 4874.

Alis schistaceo-ceruleis; anticis costa, apice et margine externo late nigricanti-fuscis ; posticis angulo
apicali et margine externo nigricantibus ; subtus pallide brunnescentibus, linea communi discali alba ad
marginem posticarum internum angulata et introrsum nigro marginata, linea altera submarginali alba in
anticis fusco in posticis nigro extrorsum limbata, lobulo anali nigro, area juxta eum rubra, macula nigra

rubro introrsum cincta inter ramos medianos, juxta eam macula nigra albo atomata; anticis linea alba ad
cellule finem (interdum absente), 7 |

Q alis obscure brunneis ; posticis interne ceruleo atomatis; subtus alis maris similibus.

Hab. Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt *); Costa Rica (Van Patten 12); Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui (Arcé).

Of this scarce species we have, including the type, three Costa-Rican specimens before
us and two from the State of Panama. Two of these Costa-Rican insects and the female

THECLA. 67

from Panama have no white line at the end of the cell of the primaries, which is
present in the type, in the male from Panama, and in the Nicaraguan example.
Failing other differences, we do not think the presence or absence of this line is
sufficient for their separation. 7. pactya of Colombia is nearly allied to ZT. celicolor,
but has the blue of the upper surface of a brighter hue and other minor differences
on the underside.

9. T. Nisa section.

130. Thecla nisee, sp. n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 8, 93.)

Alis supra violaceo-purpureis ; anticis costa et margine externo nigris; posticis angulo apicali et margine
externo quoque nigris, lobulo anali puncto rubro: subtus saturate brunneis, linea communi discali nigra
in posticis fracta et extrorsum albo limbata, lobulo anali nigro, macula nigra inter ramos medianos intror-
sum rubro anguste limbata, linea altera nigra intra eam, plaga juxta eam nigra albo atomata.

Q nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribte).—Cotomsta.

This pretty species, of which we have several specimens from the State of Panama,
seems allied to 7. galliena of the lower Amazons and Guiana, but may at once be
distinguished by the rich purple colour of the wings above, these in the allied species
being indigo-blue. Our Colombian specimens are from Mr. Wheeler’s collection, who
captured them in the interior of that country, but the exact spot was not recorded.

We figure one of Mr. Champion’s Bugaba specimens.

10. T. MYRSINA section.

131. Thecla myrsina. (Tab. LVI. fig. 10 ¢.)
Thecla myrsina, Hew. Ol. Diurn. Lep. p. 184, t. 78. ff. 571, 5727.

Alis violaceis, marginibus externis et costa anticarum fusco-nigris, lobulo posticarum anali rufo: subtus griseo-
fuscis, ad basin et fascia Jata communi discali saturate fuscis hac in anticis extrorsum albo limbata in posticis
utrinque albido marginata, linea submarginali diffusa albido utrinque indistincte marginata, lobulo anali
nigro, macula juxta eum nigra albo atomata, puncto inter ramos medianos nigro introrsum rubro cincta,
margine externo fusco introrsum albido limbato.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt!); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridbe).—CotomBia.

Originally described from specimens taken by Belt at Chontales, whence we also have
several examples from the same source, one of which we now figure. It is allied to
T. orcidia and T. aunus, but clearly distinguishable from both those species.

132. Thecla orcidia. (Tab. LVI. figg. 11, 126,132.)
Thecla orcidia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 183, t. 73. ff. 560, 561°.

Alis obscure cyaneis, costa et marginibus externis nigricantibus; posticis lobulo anali rubro: subtus
ad basin et area discali nigricanti-brunneis, linea communi discali nigra introrsum late umbrino in posticis
extrorsum albido limbata, margines externos versus pallide fusco nebulosa, a vena costali usque ad ramum
medianum primum fere recta, deinde ad marginem internum angulata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum

K 2

68 RHOPALOCERA.

umbrino atomato, macula juxta eum nigra albo atomata, puncto nigro inter ramos medianos introrsum
rubro cincta.
© alis fuscis cxruleo lavatis; subtus alis maris similibus, sed omnino dilutioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ; GuatemaLa, Polochic valley (F. D. G.
& O.S.); Panama, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Zrdtsch), Panama city (Ribbe).—Cotom-
BIA; AMAZONS VALLEY }.

There is some variation in the specimens we have referred to this species as regards
the width of the dark red inner border of the discal band. In the type this border is
not present; in other specimens it is very narrow, so that, failing other distinctive
characters, we have no ground for recognizing more than one species. Our examples
from the Polochic valley are in very poor condition, but we have little doubt that they
really belong here.

Chiriqui specimens are figured.

138. Thecla tabena, sp.n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 14, 15.)

Alis fusco-brunneis unicoloribus: subtus magis fuscescentibus, litura communi lata per cellularum fines flava,
marginibus externis flavo-fuscis, lineola irregulari submarginali includente, linea communi discali flava ad
marginem posticarum internum valde angulata et introrsum nigro limbata, lobulo anali nigro, macula
juxta eum nigro atomata, tertia inter ramos medianos introrsum umbrino cincta.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus); GuateMALA, Polochic valley
(fF. D. G. &. O. S.). |

We have only three specimens of this species, a male and a female from Mexico and
a male from Guatemala. The species is allied to 7. myrsina so far as regards the
distribution of the markings of the underside, but differs above in being brown
instead of violet.
The Mexican male is figured.

134. Thecla tarpa, sp. n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 16, 17.)

T. tabene similis; alis litura communi et linea discali albicantibus, margine externo anticarum albicantiore
quoque differt.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus).

A single specimen sent us by Mr. Henry Edwards, to whom it was sent by Mr. Schaus,
is all that we have seen of this species. It is a close ally of 7. tabena, but the
differences will be best understood by reference to the figures.

11. T. cALaTIA section.
135. Thecla calatia.
Thecla calatia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 148, t. 58. f. 3757.

Alis fuscis ; posticis ad angulum analem albo limbatis: subtus flavis, parte basali et litura discali nigrican-

THECLA. 69 -

tibus, hac linea flava includente, in posticis ad marginem internum albicante nigro introrsum limbata,
lobulo anali nigro, plaga inter ramos medianos aurantia puncto nigro.
3 nobis ignotus. .

Hab. GuatEMALA, Cerro Zunil (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt !).

This species was described by Hewitson from specimens in Belt’s collection, and we
have one example from the same source. Mr.-Champion took a single specimen on
the slopes of the Cerro Zunil which agrees with Nicaraguan examples, and these are all
that we have seen. All three are females. The species has no near allies that we are
acquainted with.

12. T. arza section.

136. Thecla arza. |
Thecla arza, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 178, t. 70. ff. 523, 524°,

Alis supra brunneis ; posticis, lobulo anali rufo, maculis duabus ad angulum analem fuscis, linea submarginali
albida : subtus lactescenti-albis, parte basali et litura discali fuscis, hac linea fusca (extrorsum albo margi-
nata) limbata, marginibus externis albidis, linea submarginali lunulisque submarginalibus fuscis, lobulo
posticarum anali nigro introrsum rufo marginato, plaga fusca juxta eum albo atomata, macula nigra inter
ramos medianos introrsum rufo cincta.

Hab. Nicaraaua, Chontales (Belt1); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

This was another of Belt’s discoveries, from whose collection we have a single speci-
men. Mr. Champion likewise met with it in the Volcan de Chiriqui at an elevation
between 2000 and 4000 feet above the sea. At first sight 7. arza resembles T. tabena
on the underside ; but the position of the discal line with reference to the discal band
is very different in the two species and their respective allies, as reference to the figures
will show. a .

137. Thecla paralus, sp. n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 18, 19.)

T. arze valde affinis, sed alis litura communi albida multo minus obvia, magis grisea, margine externo concolore
distinguenda.

Hab. Guaremata, Duefias (Champion) ; Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers).

There are but two specimens of this species in our possession, one from each of the
localities cited, that from Duefas being figured. Its alliance to 7. arza is obvious, but
the much less definite light-coloured band of the wings beneath renders its recognition
easy.

13. T. EPOPEA section.

138. Thecla epopea.
Thecla epopea, Hew. Equat. Lep. p. 61+; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 168, t. 66. ff. 472-4742,

Alis nitente ceruleis; anticis, costa, apice et margine externo nigris; posticis angulo apicali et margine

70 RHOPALOCERA.

externo quoque nigricantibus: subtus fuscis, lineis tribus communibus albis, una discali introrsum fusco
limbata et marginem posticarum internum bene angulata, duabus submarginalibus interiore extrorsum
fusco (ad marginem posticarum internum nigro) limbata, lobulo anali nigro, area juxta eum introrsum
rubra, macula magna rubra inter ramos medianos puncto nigro, margine externo anguste nigro introrsum
limbato.

mari similis, colore ceruleo alarum paullo dilutiore.

Hab. Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt) ; Costa Rica, Cache, Rio Sucio (Rogers); Panama,
Volcan de Chiriqui (Ribbe).—Vawnezueta; Ecuapor !2,

A well-marked species, having no very near allies, of which we have a considerable
series of specimens ranging from Nicaragua to the State of Panama. |

14. T. opInvs section.

139. Thecla odinus, sp. n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 20, 21 ¢.)

Alis fusco-nigris ; anticis cellule basi et infra eam ad marginem internum et posticis interne cveruleis, his
linea submarginali ad angulum analem quoque cerulea: subtus rufescenti-brunneis; anticis ad marginem
externum ferrugineis, linea discali communi argenteo-cerulea in posticis perfracta, lineola altera ad
cellule alarum finem coloris ejusdem, lincis duabus submarginalibus pallidis interiore argenteo-ceruleo
atomata, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos nigris, inter eos macula argentea omnibus ferrugineo
introrsum limbatis, margine interno nigro.

3 adhuc ignotus.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

We have but a single female specimen of this pretty species, taken by Mr. Champion
on the Volcan de Chiriqui, at an altitude of between 2500 to 4000 feet above the sea.

15. T. MAONIS section.

140. Thecla meonis, sp. n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 22, 23 3.)

Alis fusco-nigris; anticis cellula et infra eam ad angulum analem et posticis preter costam et marginem
externum lete ceruleis, ciliis rufescentibus: subtus ferrugineis, lineis duabus communibus transversis
albis, una discali rufescente introrsum limbata, altera submarginali extrorsum rufo (ad marginem internum
nigro) marginata, lobulo anali et puncto inter ramos medianos nigris introrsum rufo late limbatis, macula
inter eos quoque nigra albo atomata, .

Q nobis ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatnmata, San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. & 0. 8.,.
Champion).

We have two specimens (one of which we figure) of this species, both from San
Gerénimo in Guatemala. These agree with Mexican specimens in Mr. Schaus’s
collection. The species has no near ally with which we are acquainted.

16. T. PARON section.
141. Thecla paron, sp.n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 24, 25 4.)

Alis fusco-nigris ; anticis infra cellulam ad marginem internum ceruleo atomatis, macula indistincta nigra ad

THECLA. 71

cellule finem ; posticis medialiter ceeruleo atomatis: subtus viridi-fuscis, lineolis duabus communibus
angustissimis albis, una discali introrsum fusco limbata in posticis valde sinuata, altera submarginali
lunulata extrorsum fusco limbata, lobulo anali nigro atomis variis castaneis, juxta eum macula nigra
subtriangulari introrsum castaneo limbata inter ramos medianos, margine externo fusco sordide albo
tenuissime introrsum limbato.

Hab. Guatemata, Cerro Zunil, Purula (Champion).

We have two male specimens of this interesting little species, both captured by
Mr. Champion in Guatemala, that from Purula being figured. Its nearest ally seems
to be ZT. tema of the Amazons valley, but it has only a single very short alar
appendage instead of two, and the underside of the wings is of a greenish-black hue
instead of a chocolate-brown.

142. Thecla heraclides, sp. n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 26, 27.)

T. paroni aliquot similis, sed alis magis obtusis, supra viridibus, anticis plaga magna ad cellule finem et ultra
eam certa luce nigricantibus.

Hab. Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers).

_ We have but a single rather defective specimen of this species, captured by
Mr. Rogers in Costa Rica. It is doubtless allied to 7. paron, but the wings are brilliant
green above, with a large dark discal patch. A closely allied species is found in
Venezuela, which has the discal spot of the primaries of a rich blue. Our specimen of
the latter was formerly ia Dr. Kaden’s collection, and bears the manuscript name of
sergius, which we here adopt *. :

. . 17. T. poDAvA section.

143. Thecla dodava. (Tab. LVI. figg. 28, 29.)
Thecla dodava, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 200, t. 79. ff. 647, 648°.

Alis lete purpureis; anticis apice et margine externo nigricanti-fuscis, plaga ultra cellulam nigra, aliis
metallico-plumbeis: subtus fuscis, lineola communi discali alba introrsum fusco limbata in posticis fracta
ad marginem internum angulata et fulvo introrsum limbata, lunulis fuscis submarginalibus introrsum
albo limbatis, atomis variis fulvis ad angulum. posticarum analem, macula inter ramos medianos fulva
puncto magno nigro; anticis dimidio interno plumbeo-cxruleo.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe 1), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

We have two male specimens of this pretty little species, both from the district of
Chiriqui—one, the type, lent us by Dr. Staudinger; the other, which we figure, was
taken by Mr. Champion. |

* Thecla sergius, sp. n.

T. heraclidit affinis et alarum pagina superiore ejusdem coloris, sed anticis margine externo latius nigricante et
plaga ad cellule finem lete cerulea.

Hab, Vunezveta (Dr. Moritz).

Mus. nostr.

72 RHOPALOCERA.

144. Thecla endela. (Tab. LVI. figg. 30, 31 9.)
Thecla endela, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 168, t. 66. ff. 470, 471 am

Alis purpureo-cyaneis ; anticis apice et margine externo nigricantibus ; posticis quoque nigricante anguste
marginatis, ciliis fuscis: subtus cinereis, linea communi discali nigricante, extrorsum ‘albo, introrsum
fulvo, limbata, in posticis ad venam medianam fracta, ad marginem internum angulata, linea obsoleta ad
cellule finem albida utrinque fusco limbata, linea altera submarginali lunulata utrinque albo limbata,
lobulo anali nigro'introrsum rubido, macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum rubido cincta, macula

fusca juxta eam albo atomata, margine externo anguste nigricante introrsum albo limbato.
@ mari similis, sed alis supra magis plumbeis. | ,
Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten), Rio Sucio (Rogers) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—
VENEZUELA |, © . oe |

This species was described from a specimen said to be from Venezuela, which is now
before us. We have three examples from Central America, all of them females, but
we have no doubt that they belong to this species.

A Bugaba specimen is figured.

145. Thecla critola..
Thecla critola, Hew. Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p.105'; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 197, t. 78. ff. 688, 63847.

Alis late violaceo-cyaneis, marginibus omnibus fuscis; anticis plaga magna violaceo-nigra ad cellule finem:
subtus obscure griseis fusco undique indistincte vermiculatis, fascia indistincta communi discali fulva
utrinque fusco limbata in posticis leviter sinuosa; macula“inter ramos medianos et lobulo anali fulvis

nigro variegatis.
Hab. Mexico (G. Mathew 17).

This is a very isolated species, with no near allies. The type was taken by
Mr. Gervase Mathew in Mexico, doubtless at some place on the Pacific coast, but which
Hewitson omitted to record.

- 18. T. HESPERITIS section.
146. Thecla ‘hesperitis.
Bithys hesperitis, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. 1. p. 107 +; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 159, t. 57. f. 147.
Thecla lugubris, Moschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 301, t. 3. f. 4 >
Alis nigricanti-fuscis; posticis plaga discali ‘et angulo anali ceruleis, lobulo anali rufo, maculis submar-
ginalibus juxta eum nigris : subtus fusco-brunneis, linea communi discali introrsum nigra, extrorsum alba,
in anticis obsoleta, in posticis fracta, ad marginem internum angulata, introrsum rufo limbata, lobulo
anali nigro-(pupillo .ceruleo) introrsum rubro. atomato, macula triangulari nigra inter ramos medianos
introrsum rabro cincta, macula altera nigricante . juxta eam. albo atomata, margine nigro introrsum albo
limbata, ciliis sordide albidis. . i
Q mari similis, sed alis supra magis cerulescentibus.
Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus) ; GUATEMALA, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & 0.S8.),
San Gerénimo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten} ?),
Irazu, Cache (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé), Bugaba, David (Champion),
Chiriqui (Ribée, Trétsch), Panama city (Ribbe).—SovtH America, from Colombia to the
Amazons valley, Guiana °, and Brazil.

THECLA. 73

This is an abundant species in Central America from Guatemala southwards through
Costa Rica (whence the types were derived) to the State of Panama, and thence
throughout Tropical South America to Brazil. The type and Central-American speci-
mens have the black spot between the median branches of the secondaries broadly
edged with red; this colour in South-American examples becomes a reddish brown, but
the difference is very slight and hardly of specific value. The southern form has been
described under the name of Thecla lugubris by Herr Méschler.

19. T. XENETA section.

147. Thecla xeneta.
Thecla xeneta, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 193, t. 77. ff. 611, 612°.

Alis indicis; posticis medialiter nitide cyaneis: subtus obscure brunneis ad basin pallidioribus, linea com-
muni discali nigra extrorsum albido limbata, marginem posticarum internum versus angulata, lobulo anali
nigro, maculis duabus juxta eum nigris, proxima albo sparsim atomata.

® alis supra omnino brunneis; subtus alis maris similibus.

Hab. Guatemaa, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. 8.), Cubilwitz (Champion); Nica-
RaGuA, Chontales (Belé!); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Line of Railway (If‘Leannan).
—Sovutu America, from Colombia to the Amazons valley and South-eastern Brazil }.

Hewitson’s type-specimens came from Brazil and Nicaragua, from which widely
separated localities we, too, have examples, as also from many intermediate points.
All these specimens agree closely with one another, but have a slight difference in the
tint of the blue on the secondaries, the Guatemalan example being the darkest and one
from Colombia the palest and most brilliant.

148. Thecla origo, sp.n. (Tab. LVI. figg. 32, 33 3.)

T. xenete similis, sed alis supra plerumque saturatioribus colore posticarum cyaneo magis restricto: subtus
maculis nigris ad angulum analem rubro introrsum late circumcinctis,

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (7rétsch), Panama city (Ribbe).—AMAZONS VALLEY.

We have no Central-American specimens of this species, but numerous examples
from the valley of the Amazons ; these show considerable variation in the amount of
blue colour on the secondaries. Dr. Staudinger has lent us two males from the State
of Panama which also differ from each other in the same particular, that from Panama
having more blue than any of the specimens before us, and consequently has a narrower
dark border, but the common character of the red margins to the black spots near the
anal angle of the secondaries beneath connects them together and serves to separate
them from 7. xeneta.

The Chiriqui specimen is figured.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., September 1887. L

74 RHOPALOCERA.

149. Thecla thama.
Thecla thama, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 189, t. 75. ff. 591, 592°.

Alis supra nitide ceruleis; anticis costa et apice nigricanti-indicis, margine externo nigro: subtus fuscis,
lineola ad cellularum fines obsoleta extrorsum albida introrsum fusea, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum
albo in posticis introrsum rubro marginata, ad marginem internum angulata, macula rubra inter venam
subcostalem et ramum medianum primum, angulo anali nigro rubro notato, macula inter ramos medianos
arcuata rubra, puncto nigro extrorsum, et introrsum nigro marginata.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch), Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBia !.

T. thama has a slight resemblance to 7. xeneta, but may readily be distinguished by
the extension of blue on the upperside of the primaries, and beneath by the greater
development of red towards the anal angle of the secondaries. Hewitson’s type came
from Santa Marta in Northern Colombia, and we have a specimen from the western
side of that country. The latter agrees with Panama examples.

20. T. NITETIS section.

150. Thecla nitetis, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg.1,2¢, 89.)

Alis supra brunneis unicoloribus: subtus viridescenti-glaucis, linea communi discali fusca in anticis obsoleta
in posticis perfracta, extrorsum albo introrsum fulvo marginata; posticis maculis tribus ad angulum
analem fulvis nigro circumcinctis, ea inter ramos medianos puncto nigro, lobulo anali nigro et macula
juxta eum fusca albo atomata.

2 alis brunnescenti-fuscis ; posticis parte distali glauco-ceruleis, margine et maculis quatuor submarginalibus
nigris : subtus mari similis, sed alis minus viridescentibus ; anticis linea discali magis obvia.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus), mountains of Oaxaca (Fenochio).

We have but two specimens of this pretty species, both from Southern Mexico. The
greenish cast of the under wings recalls such species as 7. badeta, but we doubt if there
is any real alliance.

21. T. BEON section.

151. Thecla beon. (Tab. LVII. figg. 4,539,692.)

Papilio beon, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 319. B, C’.
Tmolus isobeon, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 1087; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 161, t. 57. £.2%
Thecla bactra, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 194, t. 77. ff. 619, 620%.

Alis fusco-nigris; posticis macula discali subtriangulari cerulea, maculis duabus ad angulum analem indi-
stinctis nigris, lobulo anali nigro puncto rufo: subtus brunnescentibus, linea communi discali nigricante
extrorsum albo introrsum rubro limbata, in posticis ad marginem internum angulata ; posticis linea altera
submarginali lunulata ad angulum apicalem obsoleta, lobulo anali nigro introrsum rubro marginato,
macula nigra juxta eum albo atomata et introrsum plaga rubra, macula altera rubra inter ramos medianos
puncto nigro.

Q mari similis, alarum colore cruleo pallidiore et magis diffuso, dimidium anticarum basalem amplectente,
maculis nigris ad angulum posticarum analem magis obviis.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Mathew), Cordova (Rimeli), Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus) ;

THECLA. 75

GvuateMaLA, Polochic valley, Choctum (F. D. G. & O.S.), Cubilwitz, Panzos, Teleman,
Chiacam, Panima, San Gerdénimo, Duefias, Zapote, El Reposo, San Isidro (Champion),
Coban (Von Tiirckheim); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chon-
tales (Belt); Costa Rica ( Van Patten?*), Irazu, San Francisco, Cache (Rogers) ;
Payama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé, Champion), Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé),
Lion Hill (M*ZLeannan), Panama city (J. J. Walker).—Soursa Amurica, from Colombia
to the valley of the Amazons, Guiana, and Eastern Brazil.

We have selected upwards of 120 specimens of this species to represent its range
and variation, and we do not see our way to making in them any specific separation.
The types of 7. isobeon of Butler and Druce are before us, and these do not differ in
any way from many other individuals of the series, nor does the description make any
allusion to the points wherein they are supposed to differ. Thecla bactra appears to
have been based upon a female example of this species from Nicaragua. Hewitson is
silent as to the sex of his type, nor does it seem to have occurred to him that the
species he was describing had any relationship to T. beon. In North America two
forms of this species occur, both of which differ in the blue patch of the secondaries ;
the Florida form, 7. hugon of Godart, having scarcely any blue at all on those wings.
We have several specimens from Pernambuco, given us by the late W. A. Forbes; on
comparing these with our Guatemalan examples we find no practical difference. In
Guatemala 7. deon ranges to an altitude of 5000 feet above the sea.

The specimens figured are from San Gerdénimo, Guatemala.

152. Thecla capeta.
Thecla capeta, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 198, t. 77. ff. 614, 615 -

Alis nigricanti-fuscis ; posticis plaga cyanea venis tripartita ad angulum analem, linea ad eodem angulum sub-
marginali albida: subtus umbrinis, linea communi nigra extrorsum albo limbata ad marginem posticarum
internum perfracta, linea altera obscura marginem externum propiore fusca, ad marginem posticarum
internum magis distincta ; posticis macula magna inter ramos medianos rubra, macula triangulari nigra
instructa, lobulo anali nigro et supraeum macula rubra, margine externo pro majore parte nigro intror-
sum albo limbato.

Hab. Nicaracua! (mus. Hewitson).

There is a single male specimen of this species in the Hewitson collection in the
British Museum, which we have not been able to associate with Thecla beon and its
allies, though it evidently belongs to that section of the genus. Hewitson states that
he described a female, but this seems to us an error.

153. Thecla amplia. (Tab. LVII. figg. 7, 84.)
Thecla amplia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 195, t. 77. ff. 621, 622°.

Alis supra purpureo-nigris ; posticis medialiter ceeruleis, lobulo anali et punctis duobus juxta eum nigris:
subtus umbrino-brunneis, fascia communi discali fusca extrorsum albo limbata ad marginem posticarum

L 2

76 RHOPALOCERA.

internum bene angulata, introrsum ochraceo-rubro marginata, linea submarginali fusca albido introrsum
marginata, plaga magna extra eam a ramo mediano usque ad angulum analem ochraceo-rubra, lobulo
anali nigro, macula juxta eum nigra albo atomata, macula inter ramos medianos quoque nigra,

Hab. Guatemaua, Polochic valley (F. D.G.& O.8.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt},
Janson).

We have three specimens of this species agreeing with Hewitson’s type, but none of
them in good condition. The species clearly differs from 7. eon, to which it is allied,
by the red marks on the wings beneath of the latter species being of an ochraceous
tint and in the discal band of the primaries having no inner border ; the portion of the
band also which passes between the median branches of the secondaries is straight and
not arched. The type formed part of Mr. Belt’s Nicaragua collection.

We figure a Chontales specimen.

154. Thecla autoclea. (Tab. LVII. figg. 9, 10 ¢.)
Thecla autoclea, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 194, t. 77. ff. 616, 617°.

Alis supra brunneis; posticis, angulo anali puncto rubro instructo, margine externo nigro lineola alba mar-
ginata et intra eam maculis duabus submarginalibus nigricantibus, ciliis sordide albidis: subtus 7’. beom
persimilis; posticis linea discali inter ramos medianos fere recta, macula extra linea inter venam sub-
medianam et ramum medianum primum absente, capite inter oculos rubro.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (G. Mathew), Jalapa (W. Schaus); Nicaracua, Chontales
(Belt1); Panama, David (Champion), Panama city (ibbe).— VENEZUELA.

This is another ally of 7. deon, the markings of the under surface being very
similar, but showing the differences pointed out above on the upperside, where it differs
widely in being of a nearly uniform brown. A single female from San Esteban,
Venezuela, exactly resembles the male.

Hewitson’s type is a female from Belt’s Nicaragua collection. Our figure represents
a specimen of the same sex from David. .

155. Thecla nortia, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 11, 12¢, 132.)

Alis fusco-nigris, area anticarum juxta marginem internum et posticis intus obscure ceruleis, lobulo anali
puncto rufo, lineola submarginali ad angulum analem et ciliis sordide albis: subtus griseis, linea
communi discali extrorsum albo limbata in posticis ad marginem internum bene angulata et introrsum
fulvo limbata ; posticis lubulo anali nigro, macula fulva juxta eum, macula nigra inter ramos medianos

introrsum rubescenti-fulvo circumcincta, plaga nigra juxta eam albo atomata, linea lunulata submarginali
fusco utrinque albo atomata.

Hab. Guatemata, San Gerdnimo, San Isidro (Champion).

We have a pair of this species, the male taken at San Isidro, the female at San
Geronimo, both in Guatemala. The female has a general resemblance to that sex of
T. mycon, but the male is widely different.

THECLA. 77

22. T. DENARIUS section.

156. Thecla denarius.
Tmolus denarius, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 109°; P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 356°; Butl. Lep. Ex.

p. 162, t. 57. f. 3°.
Thecla calena, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 187, t. 74. ff. 581, 582°.

Alis brunneis; anticis plaga magna discali ochraceo-brunnea; posticis, lobulo anali medialiter rufo: subtus
fuscis, lineola ad cellularum fines fusca albido extrorsum limbata, linea communi discali fusca in posticis
extrorsum albo introrsum umbrino limbata ad ramum medianum fracta ad marginem internum angulata,
linea altera communi submarginali in posticis lunulata fusca ad angulum analem nigricante ; posticis
lobulo anali nigro, macula nigra juxta eum albo atomata, macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum

umbrino cincta.
9 mari similis, sed alis supra brunneis fere unicoloribus ; subtus omnino pallidioribus.

Hab. Nicaraavua, Chontales (Belé +); Costa Rica (Van Patten’ ?*), Rio Sucio, lrazu,
Cache (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé).

This species was founded upon a female specimen forming part of Van Patten’s
Costa Rican collection, from which country Mr. Rogers has sent us several males,
which agree with others of that sex from Nicaragua and with the figure of Thecla
calena in Hewitson’s ‘ Illustrations of Diurnal Lepidoptera.’ 7’. denarius appears to be

a common species in those countries.

157. Thecla sethon, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 14, 15 ¢.)

T, denario similis, sed anticis macula ochraceo-brunnea nulla, area costali, prescipue ad apicem, obscuriore ;
posticis margine externo ipso nigro: subtus brunnescentioribus; posticis fascia discali rufescente (haud

umbrino) limbata.
Hab. Mexico, Milpas (Forrer), Jalapa (W. Schaus); GuateMALa, Chisoy valley
(F. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo, Duefias (F. D. G. & 0. S., Champion), Calderas

(Champion); Costa Rica, Cache (fogers).

This is apparently an upland species, Mr. Forrer’s specimen having been taken at
an altitude of nearly 6000 feet, and the Calderas examples (one of which, a male, we
figure) at a still higher elevation. The costal margin of the primaries is rather dark,
and there is no discal patch. These points seem to distinguish 7. sethon from the

closely-allied 7. denarius.

158. Thecla plusios, sp. n.

T. denario similis, sed alis undique brunnescentioribus, anticis area discali haud fusco adumbratis forsan
distinguenda.
Hab. Mexico, Jalapa(W. Schaus); GuaTEmaa, Zapote, Tucuru (Champion), Polochic
valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Coban (Von Tirckheim); Panama, Chiriqui (£7dde).

This is perhaps a doubtful species, but we have separated it, as we do not think our
specimens agree satisfactorily with either 7. denarius or 7’. sethon. It appears to be a

78 | RHOPALOCERA.

lowland form, probably reaching to no greater altitude above the sea than 3000 feet,
A Chiriqui specimen in Dr. Staudinger’s collection is in better condition than any of
ours from Guatemala.

159. Thecla cyphara.
Thecla cyphara, Hew. Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p. 1061; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 186, t. 74. ff. 579, 5802.

Alis supra brunneis; anticis dimidio anali (preter marginem externum) rufo-aurantiis; posticis (preter
costam et marginem externum) ejusdem coloris, lobulo anali rufo: subtus griseo-fuscis, linea communi
discali fusca extrorsum albo introrsum late rufo marginata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum rufo, macula
fusca juxta eum albo atomata, macula nigra rufa inter ramos medianos puncto nigro, margine externo
nigro introrsum albo limbato.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus); GuatemaLa, San Gerdnimo
(Champion); Panama, David (Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Panama city (Ribbe).—
VENEZUELA. |

Hewitson’s description of this species was taken from a Panama specimen. We have
typical specimens from Mr. Druce’s collection said to have come from Venezuela; these
agree with our Central-American examples, where the species is widely distributed,
though nowhere common.

T. cyphara is allied to T. endymion of the Amazons valley and Brazil, but differs in
the distribution of the orange colour on the upperside of the wings.

23. T. CAMISSA section.

160. Thecla camissa.

Thecla camissa, Hew. Equat. Lep. p. 66°; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 189, t. 75. ff. 595, 596 ?.

Tmolus charichlorus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 109°; P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 855*; Butl. Lep. Ex.
p. 162, t. 57. £. 10°.

Tmolus vespasianus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 109°; P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 355"; Butl. Lep. Ex.
p. 161, t. 57. £. 7°. .

Alis fusco-nigris ; anticis cellula et area infra eam usque ad marginem internum purpurescenti-ceruleis ; posticis
nigris, macula magna subtriangulari purpurescenti-cerulea: subtus fuscis, linea communi discali introrsum
nigricante extrorsum alba in posticis fracta ad marginem internum angulata et intus rufo marginata, lobulo
anali nigro intus rufo atomata, macula nigra inter ramos medianos intus rufo late marginata, linea supra
eam nigra ad angulum apicalem extensa utrinque albido indistincte marginata.

© alis supra fuscis, posticis medialiter ceeruleo-lavatis: subtus mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus, lineis et
maculis omnibus magis distinctis.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, -
Janson); Costa Rica (Van Patten?*); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—SoutH AMERICA,
from Colombia to Ecuador ! 2 and Peru.

This species was originally described by Hewitson from Ecuador specimens obtained
by Buckley at Sarayacu. When subsequently figuring this insect he associated with
them specimens captured by Belt at Chontales, and in so doing we believe he was right.

THECLA. 79

We have several specimens from Nicaragua which agree with the types of T. charichlorus,
of which 7. vespasianus is undoubtedly the female, and all should pass under the name
of 7. camissa.

161. Thecla emessa.

Thecla emessa, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 111, t. 42. ff. 160, 161°.

Thecla legytha, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 180, t. 71. ff. 537, 588”.

Alis supra obscure fuscis ; anticis cellule dimidio basali et infra eam ad marginem internum squamis viridibus
aspersis, puncto nigro ad cellule finem; posticis medialiter squamis viridibus notatis, lobulo anali nigro
puncto parvo rubro: subtus pallide fuscis, linea communi discali extrorsum albo limbata in posticis fracta,
linea altera submarginali fusca in posticis utrinque albido limbata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum macula
rubida, juxta eum plaga fusca albo atomata, macula magna inter ramos medianos rufo puncto nigro, margine
externo nigricante introrsum albo limbato, ciliis sordide albis.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belé?); Panama (fibbe).—AMAZONS VALLEY !.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a single male of this species captured by Herr Ribbe at
Panama, which agrees closely with a male from Mr. Bates’s collection taken on the
Tapajos river. We notice, however, that the vicinity of the anal lobe of the secondaries
on the underside has more red in the Panama than in the Amazon examples,

24. T. CLARINA section.

162. Thecla clarina.

Thecla clarina, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 178, t. 68. ff. 497, 4987.

Alis nigricanti-fuscis ; posticis dimidio costali nitide ceruleo ad costam argenteo, lobulo anali rubido:
subtus fulvis, linea discali communi distincta alba introrsum rufo limbata in posticis a ramo mediano
primo ad costam fere recta ad marginem internum angulata, linea altera submarginali fusca marginem
internum versus introrsum argenteo limbata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum rubido, macula nigra juxta eum
albo atomata, macula magna inter ramos medianos rubida puncto nigro.

Hab. Mexico! (Mus. Brit.), Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemaa, Polochic valley
(F. D. G. & O. S.); Panama, Calobre (Arcé).

This species was described from Mexican specimens; but it is found southward as
far as the State of Panama. The colour of the upper surface of the wings is not unlike
that of 7. atrius, but is restricted to the costal half of the secondaries; beneath, the
clearly defined white discal band crossing both wings is a very conspicuous feature.

163. Thecla tamos, sp. n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 16, 17 2.)

Alis nigricanti-fuscis; posticis plaga ceerulea discali, maculis duabus submarginalibus nigricantibus, lobulo
anali medialiter rufo: subtus cervinis, linea communi discali fusca in anticis obsolete in posticis praecipue
ad costam late albo extrorsum limbata ad marginem internum rufo introrsum indistincte limbata, linea
altera submarginali lunulata fusca introrsum albo limbata, lobulo anali nigro, macula nigra juxta eum albo
atomata, macula magna inter ramos medianos rubra puncto nigro,

@ mari similis, colore ceruleo alarum ad basin posticarum magis extenso.

80 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Costs Rica, Rio Sucio, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch).

The conspicuous white band on the underside of this species suggests an alliance
with 7. clarina, but the blue on the upper surface of the secondaries is near the anal
angle and not on the costa; it is, too, much less brilliant. A pair from Costa Rica, of
which we figure the female, and a single male from Chiriqui are all we have seen of
this insect. A species nearly allied to this is found in the mountains of British
Guiana *.

25. T. CALUS section.
164. Thecla calus.
Polyommatus calus, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p- 640°.
Thecla calus, Hew. Tl. Diurn. Lep. p. 188, t. 75. ff. 585, 586°.

Alis fusco-nigris; anticis infra cellulam ad marginem internum, posticis preter marginem externum
nitidissime cyaneis: subtus ochraceo-fuscis, linea communi discali extrorsum sordide albo limbata fusco-
nigricante ad marginem posticarum internum sinuata; anticis costa et plaga magna triangulari ad cellule
finem nigricanti-brunneis, posticarum lobulo anali nigro, macula juxta eum nigra albo-atomata, altera
submarginali inter ramos medianos nigra, margine nigro albido introrsum limbato.

Hab. Guatemaa, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt).
—CoLoMBIa; AMAZONS VALLEY 2.

The conspicuous dark triangular mark on the primaries beneath renders this species
easy of recognition. Godart gives America as the origin of his examples; but
Hewitson’s specimens were from the Amazons, whence we also have obtained it both
from San Paolo and Para.

26. T. DEMONASSA section.
165. Thecla demonassa.
Thecla demonassa, Hew. Descr. of Thecla, p- 25; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 148, t. 58. ff. 376-8787.

Alis anticis nigricantibus; posticis (preter angulum analem et marginem externum) nitidissime cyaneis :
subtus fulvis, linea discali communi nigra extrorsum albo introrsum ferrugineo limbato, angulo posticarum

anali ferrugineo, lobulo nigro, macula juxta eum nigra ferrugineo atomata, macula inter ramos medianos
nigra ferrugineo circumdata.

@ alis fuscis ; anticis ad marginem internum, posticis ad basin obscure ceruleis: subtus mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemaua, Polochic valley
(fF. D. G. & O. 8.).— Amazons vatey }, |

Except that they are rather smaller, northern examples do not differ from typical

specimens from the Amazons valley. The species has no near allies that we are
acquainted with.

* Thecla matho, sp. n.

T. tamos similis, sed major ; subtus linea discali in posticis limbo albo angustiore, linea submarginali undulata
(haud lunulata) distinguenda.

Hab, Gorana Bair., Carimang river (Whitely).
Mus. nostr.

THECLA. 81

27. T. ATRIUS section.
166. Thecla atrius.
Thecla atrius, Herr.-Schaff. Samm]. ausereur. Schmett. p. 55, ff. 53, 5474.

Alis anticis brunneo-nigricantibus ; posticis nitidissime ceruleis, margine externo anguste nigro, lobulo
anali introrsum rubro: subtus ochraceo-fuscis, linea communi discali nigra extrorsum albo in posticis
introrsum rubro limbata ad marginem internum angulata, angulo anali rubro, linea argentea transversa
bisecta, lobulo anali nigro, macula juxta eum nigra albo atomata, altera inter ramos medianos puncto
nigro.

2 alis multo pallidioribus, colore ceeruleo vix obvio.

Hab. Guatemata, Cubilguitz (Champion); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui
(Zrétsch)—Soutu America to the Amazons valley and Guiana‘.

L. atrius is a well-known species in South America, being apparently common in the
Amazons valley, but much more rare in our own country, whence we have only seen one
male from Guatemala and two others from the State of Panama.

167. Thecla mimas, sp. n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 18, 19 3.)

T. atrio similis, sed alis anticis supra infra cellulam ad marginem internum sicut posticis nitidissime ceruleis.

Hab. Panama, Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBia; Upper AMAZONS,

A close ally of 7. atrius: scarcely differing from it on the underside, but the blue
colouring on the upper surface enters the primaries from the inner margin to the cell,
thus rendering it easily distinguishable, for in the allied species the primaries are
wholly destitute of blue.

We have four male examples from the State of Panama, one of which we figure.
These do not differ materially from Para examples collected by Mr. Bates.

28. T. SIM&THIS section.
168. Thecla simethis.
Papiho simethis, Drury, Il. Ex. Ent. i. t. 1. £. 3%.
Bythis simaethis, Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. iti. p. 11, ff. 423, 424.

Alis supra purpureis, costa et margine externo fuscis: subtus pallide viridibus, linea communi discali
ferruginea extrorsum late albo limbata; posticis margine externo late albo dense ferrugineo atomato et
introrsum eodem colore limbato, maculis quibusdam ad marginem internum argenteis, lobulo anali

ferrugineo.
@ alis fuscis ad basin vix cerulescentibus, margine externo posticarum et maculis tribus ad angulum analem

submarginalibus nigricantibus.

Hab. Mexico, Tres Marias Islands (Morrer), Cordova (Rimeli), Paso de San Juan
(W. Schaus); Guaremata, Central valleys (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.); Panama, Calobre (Arcé).
—Soutn America from WesteRN Peru; VENEZUELA and AMAZONS VALLEY to GUIANA
and SouTH Brazit; ANTILLES, St. Christopher Island 1.

This is a widely ranging species, though nowhere common. We have no specimens
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., September 1887. M

82 RHOPALOCERA.

from the West-Indian Islands, whence Drury’s type was said to have come, but our
continental examples agree with his figure. The well-defined discal line of the under-
side and the silvery marks render 7. sima@this easy of recognition.

169. Thecla telea.
Thecla telea, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 4'; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 143, t. 57. ff. 350, 351”.

Alis late violaceis, marginibus externis anguste nigris: subtus viridibus, linea communi discali ferruginea
extrorsum albida in anticis omnino in posticis plerumque evanescente, plaga magna ad angulum posticarum
analem, lineis argenteis utrinque notata.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemala, Polochic valley, San Gerdnimo
(F. D. G. & O. S.), Calderas (Champion); Costa Rica (Mus. Staudinger ).—CoLomBia ;
PERU ; AMAZONS VALLEY ! 2.

The typical locality of 7. telea is the Amazons valley, whence we have specimens of
both sexes. Guatemalan examples differ slightly from these in having the upper surface
of the wings of a darker violet tint; but we notice some variation in this respect, the
forehead between the eyes of the northern specimens is blacker and without rufous tint.
Examples from Callao depart still further in being larger, more rufous on the head, and
having a rufous patch on the base of the costa, and the ciliz also rufous. A large series
is required to show the value of these differences, and for the present we place them
under the name of 7. telea. Three male specimens are all that we have seen from our
country, where it must evidently be a scarce species.

170. Thecla gabina, sp. n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 20, 212.)

Alis purpureis, costa et margine externo nigricanti-fuscis ; posticis margine ipso nigro, ciliis ad angulum
analem albis: subtus gramineis, linea discali communi rufescente ad marginem posticarum internum nigra
extrorsum undique viridi-albido limbata, lobulo anali nigro, macula inter ramos medianos quoque nigra
introrsum rufo limbata, margine externo usque ad filamentum nigro ciliis hucusque albis, deinde ad
angulum apicalem cum ciliis cervinis. |

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa(W. Schaus); Panama, David (Champion).—AMAZONS VALLEY.

We have several male specimens of this species, the only ones we have seen of the
T. badeta group, the other species being known from female examples only.
Mr. Champion captured one female, with which one of Mr. Bates’s examples from the
Amazons valley, which he had placed with 7. badeta, agrees so closely, that we consider
that it belongs here. A male specimen from David is figured.

171. Thecla myron, sp. n.

@ T. gabine similis, anticis ad basin, posticis medialiter ceeruleo suffusis; posticis linea submarginali albida
nulla: subtus angulo anali introrsum rufo limbato ut videtur diversa.

Hab. Costa Rica, Cache (fogers); Panama, Chiriqui (£7ibbe).

THECLA. 83

We have two examples of this species before us, both of them females, which are so
different from our other specimens of that sex of species of the 7. badeta group, that
we have thought it necessary to describe them, though we have some doubts as to
their ultimate status, which cannot be determined till a larger series has been examined,
and males of all these closely allied forms obtained.

172. Thecla lampetia, sp. n.

T. gabine quoque similis, sed alis anticis cellula ad basin et infra eam ad angulum analem et posticis dimidio
margini interno proximo nitide ceruleis: subtus linea discali magis nigricante, maculis rubris submargi-
nalibus introrsum nigro limbatis, margine ipso fere omnino nigro introrsum albo marginato.

Hab. Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers).

We have a single female specimen which does not agree with the female of either
of the preceding species. All these three species are allied to T. dadeta of Hewitson,
of which we have one of the types, but they all have more or less purple or blue on
the upper surface of the wings, those of 7. badeta being of a uniform brown, and there
are other differences on the underside making it improbable that they all belong to
one variable species.

29. T. MILTO section.
173. Thecla milto, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 22, 239.)

@ alis fuscis ad basin vix cerulescentibus; posticis area interna squamis ceruleis frequenter aspersis: subtus
gilvis, linea communi discali introrsum fusca extrorsum alba in posticis inter venas regulariter fracta,
fascia lata submarginali alba ad angulos analem et apicalem introrsum late rubra in medio fusca, margine
ipso fusco introrsum albo anguste marginato, ciliis albidis, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos
nigris.

do nobis ignotus.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrdtsch).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the only specimen of this species that we have seen—a
female from the district of Chiriqui, which we figure. It is manifestly allied to
T. teucria of the Amazons valley, from which, however, it differs in the upperside
being tinged with blue, the secondaries being sprinkled with pale-blue scales; beneath,
the band common to both wings is nearer to the margin and much less strongly
impressed on the primaries.

30. T. CERATA section.

174. Thecla cerata.
Thecla cerata, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 191, t. 76. ff. 607, 608°.

Alis plumbeo-cerruleis ; anticis costa et marginibus externis angustisime nigris, ciliis fuscis: subtus glauco-
fuscis, linea communi discali nigra extrorsum albo limbata ad venam medianam fracta deinde ed marginem
internum profunde lunulata et introrsum rufo limbata, linea altera nigra ultra eam quoque lunulata ad
venam medianam, extra eam inter ramos medianos ruberrimis, punctis duobus submarginalibus nigris,
lobulo anali nigro introrsum linea rubra juxta eum nigra albo atomata, margine externo nigro introrsum
albo limbato.

M 2

84 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Guatemata, Cubilguitz (Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé, Ribbe), Emperador Station (J. J. Walker)—Soura
America, Colombia, Amazons valley +, and Guiana.

The slaty colour of the upper surface of this species separates it from several near
allies found in the same country, the similar pattern of the underside being very
apparent. It appears to be a scarce insect in the northern parts of Central America,
as we have only one specimen from Guatemala and one from Nicaragua. In the State
of Panama it is more abundant.

175. Thecla pisis, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 24, 25 6.)

T. cerate similis quoad alarum paginam inferiorem, sed multo magis ochraceis, supra saturate purpureo-nigris
unicoloribus.

Hab. Guatnmata, Teleman (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion).

The much darker wings readily separate this species from 7. cerata, which it resembles
on the underside, though the wings are of a more ochraceous hue. ‘The species
most nearly allied to it probably is 7. anthora of the Amazons valley, but the wings
have a more purple gloss on them, and the underside is less silvery. In British Guiana
we find yet another form of this group, of which we have several specimens taken by
Mr. Whitely on the Carimang river in the interior of that country; these we describe
below under the name of 7. puppius*. The oldest known form of this group is
T. vesulus of Cramer, a species with brown upper surface to the wings and with the
end of the discal band beneath of the secondaries broken off into a distinct spot which
lies nearer the apical angle.

We figure a Bugaba male of 7. pisis.

176. Thecla trebula.
Thecla trebula, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 146, t. 57. ff. 363, 364’.

Alis nigricanti-fuscis ; posticis medialiter nitide ceruleis, ciliis sordide albis: subtus nitide ochraceis, fascia
communi discali nigra extrorsum albo limbata in posticis ad venam medianam fracta a ramo suo secundo
usque ad marginem internum profunde arcuata, linea nigra extrorsum juxta eum quoque arcuata, inter
venam medianam et ramo suo primo, plaga magna coccinea punctis duobus nigris, lobulo anali nigro, plaga
juxta eum fusca albo atomata, supra eam macula magna coccinea, margine externo nigro introrsum albo
limbato.

Hab. Guatema.a, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe).—CotomBia ; AMAZONS VALLEY }.

* Thecla puppius, sp. n.

T. pisidi affinis, sed alis anticis brevioribus et magis acutis: subtus omnino fuliginoso-fuscis ochraceo haud
tinctis distinguenda.

Hab. Guiana Brit. (Whitely).

Mus. nostr.

THECLA. 85

We have the types of this species before us, taken by Mr. Bates at Ega; with these
our Central-American specimens agree very closely, but the males are rather larger, the
blue on the secondaries somewhat brighter, and the spots near the anal angle hardly
traceable. As the type of the male is in a somewhat rubbed condition, we do not
consider these slight differences of much consequence. The arrangement of the spots
on the underside is like that of 7. cerata and T. pisis. T. trebula differs in the
ochreous tint of the wings beneath and the very different style of coloration of the
wings above. .

Our Colombian examples were taken by Mr. Wheeler at Mutiscua, in the State of
Santander, at an elevation of 4000 feet above the sea.

31. T. cELMUS section.

177. Thecla celmus.

Papilio celmus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 55. G, H*.

Alis fusco-nigris; anticis infra cellulam ad marginem internum, et posticis (preter marginem externum)
cyaneis, harum angulo anali nigro introrsum albo limbato: subtus cretaceo-albis, linea communi discali
nigra introrsum rubro limbata in posticis in maculas fracta, macula nigra infra venam costalem, linea
submarginali nigra in posticis lunulata, puncto nigro inter ramos medianos introrsum rubro cincto,
margine externo ad angulum analem nigro.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); GuatemaLa, Teleman, San Isidro (Champion) ;

Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (ibbe).—Sourn

America, Venezuela, Amazons valley, Guiana’, and South-east Brazil.

This small but well-marked species has an exceedingly wide range over a large
portion of Tropical America. In Guatemala it occurs on both sides of the cordillera
in the forest-region.

178. Thecla lollia, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 26, 27 2.)

Alis saturate cxruleis; anticis costa, apice late et margine externo nigricantibus; posticis margine externo
anguste nigricante, ciliis albis: subtus griseo-albidis, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum alba intror-
sum ferruginea limbata in posticis valde sinuata, linea altera submarginali fusca albo introrsum limbata
in posticis lunulata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum ferrugineo, macula juxta eum nigra albo dense atomata,

puncto nigro inter ramos medianos introrsum late ferrugineo cincto, margine externo nigricante introrsum
albo limbato.
Q mari similis, sed colore alarum ceruleo multo magis obscuro; subtus linea submarginali fusca minus obvia.

Hab. Guaremaua, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

The female from Guatemala, described above, we associate with some hesitation with
the Costa-Rican male, but it agrees better with it than with either of the two closely-
allied forms described below; at the same time its position must remain somewhat
doubtful till more specimens of both sexes from the same locality are examined. ‘The
Costan-Rica male is figured.

86 RHOPALOCERA.

179. Thecla iambe, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 28, 29 .)

T. lollie similis, sed alis supra multo minus ceruleis, hoc colore cellulam haud occupante, area mediana
posticarum tantum cerulea, margine externo ipso nigro ad angulum analem introrsum albo limbato:
subtus posticis lineola nigra ad cellule finem.

Hab. Costa Rica, San Francisco (Rogers).

We have only a single specimen of this species, which, from the small extent of the
blue on the upper surface, is easily distinguished from its near ally 7. dolla.

180. Thecla lucagus, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 30, 31 ¢.).

T. lolie quoque similis, sed colore ceruleo anticarum usque ad costam extendente: subtus linea submarginali
fusca margini propiore, colore ferrugineo lobulo anali proximo et inter ramos medianos multo minus
extenso.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus).

Of this, likewise, we have but a single male specimen, but have seen a second in
Mr. Schaus’s collection. This species differs from the two preceding in having the blue
on the upper surface of the primaries spreading to the costa.

181. Thecla carnica.
Thecla carnica, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 148, t. 57. £. 352°.

Alis leste violaceis, margine externo nigro : subtus griseis, linea communi discali nigra extrorsum albo introrsum.
rubro marginata in posticis in maculas tres et lineam angulatam fracta, maculis his introrsum nigro
quoque marginatis, linea altera submarginali fusca albo utrinque marginata in posticis lunulata, lobulo
anali ferrugineo puncto nigro, macula quoque ferruginea inter ramos medianos puncto nigro.

2 alis fuscis introrsum obscure violaceo lavatis, aliter alis maris similibus.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guaremata, forests of Northern Vera Paz
(Ff. D. G. & O.8.); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—AMAZONS VALLEY 1.

The types of 7. carnica which we possess are in a very poor condition, but we
believe we are right in associating with them two males and a female from our country.
They all agree in the deep violet tint of the upper surface, but the northern specimens
are larger and the wings rather broader.

32. T. TERA section*.
182. Thecla tera.
Thecla tera, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 211, t. 84. ff. 714, 7157.

Alis ceruleis; anticis costa et dimidio apicali fusco-nigricantibus, stigmate spurio ad cellule finem; posticis
margine externo anguste nigricanti-fusco, ciliis albidis: subtus cretaceo-albis, linea communi discali fusca
introrsum ferrugineo limbata; in anticis continua, in posticis in maculas sex et lineam angulatam ad

* In this and the two following sections there is a black spot at the end of the cell of the males which

somewhat resembles a stigma, but it is more diffused, and does not apparently influence the neuration; to
distinguish it we term it a false stigma,

THECLA. 87

marginem internum fracta, linea altera lunulata submarginali fusca, et lineola ad cellularum fines intror-
sum fusca extrorsum alba, lobulo anali puncto nigro introrsum ferrugineo notato, macula nigra juxta eum
albo dense atomata, puncto nigro inter ramos medianos introrsum ferrugineo tincto.

Hab. Guatemata, San Gerénimo (Champion); Costa Rica, Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde1), Volcan de Chiriqui ( Champion).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us his type of this species, which has enabled us to
identify with certainty the series we possess from various parts of Central America.
The species, so far as we know, is somewhat isolated in its alliances.

33. T. HESYCHIA section.
183. Thecla hesychia, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 82, 83 ¢.)

Alis violaceis, marginibus externis anguste nigricantibus; anticis stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule finem:
subtus griseis, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum albo limbata in posticis introrsum umbrino limbata
ad venam medianam fracta hinc ad marginem internum angulata, lineola ad cellule finem albida utrinque
fusco limbata, lobulo anali et puncto inter ramos medianos nigris introrsum umbrino-rubro limbatis, inter
eos macula nigra albo atomata.

Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (Rogers).

We have only a single example of this species, taken by Mr. Rogers in Costa Rica.
It is allied to T. alda of the Amazons valley, but the wings are not only of a purer
violet, but there are no spots at the base of the secondaries on the underside.

184. Thecla hicetas, sp.n. (Tab. LVII. figg. 34, 35 3 .)

T’. hesychie affinis, sed alis supra saturatioribus: subtus anticis linea fusca cellulam transeunte, altera albida
utrinque fusco limbata ad finem ejus; posticis maculis tribus basin versus, una in cellulam, altera infra
eam, tertia infra venam costalem.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus).

This species is also allied to 7. alda, but may be distinguished by the presence of a
band across the cell of the primaries beneath. The middle segment of the palpi is
fuscous instead of white. We figure a Cordova specimen.

185. Thecla peetus, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 1, 2¢.)

T. hesychie quoque affinis, sed alis magis purpureis: subtus linea discali fusca multo latiore umbrino vix
limbata, linea altera communi interiore quoque fusca, anticarum apice et angulum analem et posticarum
limbo externo albicantibus fusco nebulosis. Oo

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (fibbe).

The inner band crossing both wings, together with the light apex of the primaries,
and also the light outer portion of the secondaries, render this species easily distin-
guishable. The colour of the wings above is very nearly that of 7. alda; but besides
the differences in the pattern below, the middle segment of the palpi is dark brown
instead of white. We have only seen two specimens of this species, both taken by
Herr Ribbe at Chiriqui.

88 RHOPALOCERA.

34, T. PHRUTUS section.

186. Thecla phrutus.
Bythis phrutus, Geyer in Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. iv. p. 26, ff. 703, 704°.
Thecla phrutus, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 141, t. 56. ff. 340, 341, 342°.

Alis fusco-nigricantibus; posticis dimidio margini interno proximo ceruleo, maculis duabus ad angulum
analem nigricantibus, macula nigra ad cellule anticarum finem: subtus pallide fuscis, linea discali com-
muni rubida extrorsum albo limbata in posticis valde irregulari, extra eam alis pallidioribus dense rubido
atomatis, linea altera quoque irregulari rubida basin propiore, marginibus externis ipsis rubidis introrsum
albido limbatis, anticarum apice albido linea submarginali lunulata rubida.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus) ; GuaremaLa, Polochic
valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch)—AMAZONS VALLEY ?.

Judging from the few specimens we possess of this pretty species, it would appear
that it is subject to a good deal of variation, and this was Hewitson’s opinion ; but it
is open to question whether his figures 340, 341, really represent the same species.
Our examples correspond best with the former.

187. Thecla inoa, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 18, 19 3.)

Alis fuscis; anticis margine costali ad basin fulva stigmate spurio ad cellule finem ; posticis macula indistincta
fusca inter ramos medianos: subtus anticis griseis ad apicem albidis, maculis discalibus rubidis, eis inter
ramos medianos nigro circumeinctis, macula altera obsoleta ad cellule finem, margine externo anguste
rubido, ciliis albis ; posticis albis, bitriente basali maculis magnis rubidis notatis, margine externo quoque
rubido, ciliis albis, macula parva inter ramos medianos et lobulo anali rubidis, illa puncto nigro, lineis
duabus lunularibus discalibus margini externo subparallelis fuscis: antennis albo annulatis; fronte
rubido.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus).

This species belongs to the same section as 7. phrutus, but may be known by the
absence of blue on the upper surface of the secondaries, and in wanting the fine rufous
mottling of the marginal area beneath.

188. Thecla zilda.
Thecla zilda, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 141, t. 56. ff. 343, 344°.

Alis brunneis ; anticis stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule finem ; posticis limbo interno albido, angulo anali ceru-
lescente, lobulo anali rufo: subtus fuscis; anticis angulo apicali et margine externo, posticis ad basin et
dimidio distali glaucescentibus, linea discali communi nigricante extrorsum albo introrsum rubro limbata,
in posticis ad costam macula quadrata formante inter venam medianam et marginem internum bene
angulata, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos nigris introrsum rubro cinctis, maculis duabus ad
basin nigris, una infra venam costalem altera ad marginem internum.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (7rétsch).—Souta America, Amazons and Brazil’.

A single male specimen in Dr. Staudinger’s collection, from Chiriqui, agrees with one
of the same sex from the Tapajos river named 7. zilda by Mr. Bates.

THECLA. 89

35. T. CORONTA section.

189. Thecla coronta.
Thecia coronta, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 157, t. 62. ff. 422, 423°.

Alis fusco-nigris; anticis ad basin marginis interni et posticis preter costam et marginem externum late
ceruleis, lobulo anali rufo, maculis duabus juxta eum nigricantibus, margine externo ipso nigro ad angulum
analem cexruleo limbato: subtus griseis, linea communi discali nigra albo extrorsum introrsum coccineo
limbata, macula ad cellule anticarum finem aliisque tribus basin posticarum versus quoque coccineis, linea
submarginali fusca lunulata albido limbata; posticis ultra linea discali albicantioribus marginem versus
nigro atomatis; lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos nigris introrsum rubro cinctis, inter eos
macula altera nigra albo atomata, marginibus externis ipsis coccineis.

2 mari similis, sed colore alarum ceruleo pallidiore et minus extenso.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Hége), Jalapa (W. Schaus); GuATEMALA, Polochic valley, San
Geronimo (F. D. G. & O. S.).—Gutana }.

Hewitson’s type specimen of this species, from Cayenne, agrees with our Guatemalan
examples, but we have not seen it from any intermediate locality. The red margin of
the wings beneath is a characteristic feature of this species, rendering it easy to be
distinguished, except from the next following, which has other points of difference.

190. Thecla mevia, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 3, 4 ¢.)
T. coronte similis, sed multo minor colore ceruleo magis glauco in posticis magis extenso ad angulum apicalem
fere extendente.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (J. J. Walker), Cordova (Riimelt); Guatemana, Polochic
valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo (Champion); Costa Rica, Punta Arenas
(J. J. Walker).

This is a miniature form of T. coronta, the markings of the underside being very
similar, but the blue colouring of the wings above, especially on the hind wings, is
more extensive and of a greyer tint. We figure a San-Gerénimo specimen.

191. Thecla scopas, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. fig. 5 ¢.)

Alis fuscis; anticis a cellula ad marginem internum et posticis fere omnino albis exruleo vix tinctis; posticis
margine externo anguste et maculis tribus submarginalibus ad angulum analem fuscis: subtus cretaceo-
albis, fascia maculosa communi discali valde irregulari pallide fulva utrinque nigricante limbata, maculis
quoque fulvidis sparsis ad alarum bases, fascia lunulari submarginali et margine ipso fuscis, ciliis albis;
posticis macula fulva inter ramos medianos puncto nigro, lobulo anali nigro introrsum fulvo cincto,

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson).

The upper surface of the wings of this species recalls 7. una, Hew., but the character
of the spots beneath shows its distinctness. "We have as yet only seen two specimens of
T. scopas, one in Mr. Schaus’s collection and one in our own. The latter was taken at
Chontales by the late E. M. Janson. We have figured the former, being in better
condition,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I1., September 1887. N

90 RHOPALOCERA.

36. T. MATHEWI section.

192. Thecla mathewi.
Thecla mathewi, Hew. Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p. 106*; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 196, t. 78. ff. 629, 630°.

Alis fusco-nigris; anticis margine interno usque ad cellulam, posticis (preter costam et marginem externum
anguste) glauco-ceeruleis, harum lobulo anali rufo: subtus fuscis, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum
albido introrsum late umbrino limbata, in posticis ad marginem internum angulata; anticis ad marginem
externum fusco et griseo nebulosis; posticis lobulo anali nigro introrsum rubido notato, juxta eum
macula fusca albo atomata, macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum rubido cincta, margine externo
nigro introrsum albo limbato, ciliis griseis.

Hab. Mexico (G. Mathew }?), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus); GUATEMALA,
San Gerénimo (Champion); Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch).

This species is very similar to 7’. cleon of Fabricius on the upper surface, but beneath
the bands of the latter on the secondaries are much more irregular and broken.
T. mathewi was obtained by Mr. Mathew, R.N., on the west coast of Mexico, and we
now trace it through Guatemala as far as the State of Panama; it is, however, nowhere
common. We have a very close ally of 7. mathewi from Manaure, in Northern
Colombia, where a specimen was obtained by Mr. F. Simons *.

193. Thecla chonida.
Thecla chonida, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 197, t. 78. ff. 635, 636°.

Alis fuscis ad basin grisescentibus ; posticis dimidio distali griseo venis fuscis diviso, maculis submarginalibus
fuscis, ca inter ramos medianos nigro introrsum fulvo limbata, margine externo ad augulum analem nigro,
ciliis albis: subtus griseis, linea discali communi angustissime nigra introrsum fulvo extrorsum albo
limbata in posticis bifracta et leviter sinuata, macula inter ramos medianos et lobulo anali nigris introrsum
fulvo cinctis, macula inter eos nigra albo irrorata, marginibus externis nigris introrsum albo limbatis.

Hab. Mexico (G. Mathew 1), Jalapa (W. Schaus).

The type of this species is a female, and the only specimen we have seen, with the
exception of one recently submitted to us by Mr. Schaus. The species is probably
allied to 7. mathewi, but the discal band on the secondaries is much straighter and less
abruptly bent towards the inner margin. |

194, Thecla leda.
Thecla leda, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, i1. p. 23°.

Alis fuscis ; anticis marginis interni dimidio basali, et posticis preter aream apicalem glauco-ceruleis ; posticis
snaculis duabus ad angulum analem fuscis, stigmate spurio ad cellule anticarum finem: subtus griseis,

* Thecla sesara, sp. n. .
T. mathewi similis quoad picturam alarum pagine inferioris, sed supra anticis omnino fusco-nigricantibus, area
interna hand glauco-ceruleo notata; posticis maculis tribus submarginalibus fuscis ad angulum analem.

Hab. Cotoms1a, Manaure (F. Simons).

Mus. nostr.

THECLA. . 9L

linea communi discali extrorsum alba introrsum fulva in posticis undulata ad marginem internum
angulata, linea obscura altera submarginali utrinque albo limbata, marginibus externis ipsis nigris
introrsum albo limbatis, lobulo anali nigro introrsum fulvo cincto, macula juxta eum quoque nigra albo
dense atomata, puncto inter ramos medianos nigro introrsum fulvo cincto.

2 nobis ignota.

Hab. Norta America, Arizona }.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

We possess a single male specimen of this species from Sonora thus named by the
late Mr. Morrison, and agreeing with Mr. Edwards’s description. The types were taken
at Prescott in Arizona by Mr. Doll, near our northern frontier.

37. T. Azia section.

195. Thecla azia.
Thecla azia, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 144, t. 57. ff. 357, 858°.

Alis fusco-brunneis; anticis ad cellule finem obscurioribus: subtus griseis, linea communi discali nigra
extrorsum albo introrsum late rufo marginata in posticis valde undulata, lobulo anali nigro introrsum
rufo notato, macula juxta eum nigra albo atomata, puncto nigro inter ramos medianos introrsum rufo
late circumcincta, marginibus externis ipsis rufis ad angulum posticarum analem nigris.

2 mari similis, sed dimidio posticarum margini interno preximo albido, punctis nigris ad angulum analem.

Hab. Mexico}, Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus) ;
GuaTeMALa, San Gerdnimo, Calderas, Duefias (Champion), Polochic valley (F. D. G. &
O. S.); Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers).—Sourn America, Amazons valley.

We have several female specimens of a Thecla from Mr. Bates’s collection from the
Amazons valley, and another from Maranham of the same sex; these all agree with
females from Central America, whence we have also obtained males which we believe
to belong to Hewitson’s Thecla azia described from a single Mexican example. The
species is thus a widely distributed one, but apparently nowhere common. The rufous
outer margin of 7’. azéa is characteristic, rendering it easily recognized.

196. Thecla rufo-fusca.
Thecla rufo-fusca, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 196, t. 78. ff. 627, 628.

Alis fusco-brunneis ; posticis macula inter ramos medianos nigricante introrsum rufo cincta, margine externo
nigro albido introrsum limbato, ciliis albidis: subtus fuscis, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum albido
_ introrsum rubido limbata undique lunulata, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos nigris introrsum

rubido cinctis, marginibus externis anguste rufis.
@ mari similis, alis posticis ad angulum analem pallidioribus, macula inter ramos medianos majore et introrsum

rufo latius cincto.

Hab. Guarumata, San Gerénimo (F. D. G. & 0. S., Champion), Choctum (Fa D. G.
& O. S.).—Sovutn America, E. Brazil.

We have one of Hewitson’s types of this species before us and many specimens from

Pernambuco collected by the late W. A. Forbes; with these a small series of Guatemalan
N 2

92 RHOPALOCERA.

examples agree so closely that we have no doubt they belong to the same species.
We have no record of it from any other part of our country.

197. Thecla syllis, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 6,7 ¢.)

Alis supra fusco-brunneis; posticis ad basin vix ceruleo lavatis, lobulo anali medialiter rubro: subtus palli-
dioribus, margine costali plerumque rubro, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum albido introrsum rubro
limbata in anticis obsoleta in posticis ad venam medianam fracta ad marginem internum angulata, lobulo
anali nigro, introrsum linea ochracea nigro introrsum marginata, macula coccinea inter ramos medianos
introrsum ochraceo limbata et puncto nigro, macula juxta eam nigra albo atomata.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus); GUATEMALA,
San Gerénimo (Champion), central valleys (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Nicaragua, Chontales
(Belt).

This species is allied to 7. ceromia of the Amazons valley, but differs in the secon-
daries having some blue scales on the upper surface and beneath the discal line is
broadly edged with red; the red spot between the median branches has an inner
ochreous edge, which colour also extends to the anal angle. We have figured a San
Gerénimo specimen. |

38. T. MELINUS section.

198. Thecla melinus.
Strymon melinus, Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. i. p. 22, ff. 121, 1227.
Thecla hyperici, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Am. Sept. p. 90, t. 287.
Thecla favonius, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Am. Sept. p. 95, t. 30°.

Alis fuscis ; anticis plaga obscure ad cellule finem ; posticis macula nigra inter ramos medianos, lunula rubra
Supra eam, margine externo nigro ad angulum analem introrsum albo limbato, ciliis albis: subtus griseo-
fuscis, linea communi discali maculosa nigra extrorsum albo introrsam rubro limbata, linea quoque
communi submarginali nigra; posticis angulo anali rubro, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos
nigra, inter eos macula nigra albo atomata, margine externo nigro albo introrsum limbato.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Norrn America, Eastern States (Georgia and Florida !), California and Texas.—
Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Milpas and Ventanas in Durango (forrer) ;
GuateMaLa, Polochic valley and San Gerénimo (F. D. G. & O. S.), Pantaleon (Champion) ;
Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé).— VENEZUELA.

Several names have been proposed for this species, which has a wide range in North
America, and lepidopterists of the United States are at variance as to whether more
than one species should be recognized, Mr. W. H. Edwards retaining several, while
Mr. Strecker unites them all under Hiibner’s name Strymon melinus. It is evident
that the insects are subject to considerable variation, and we much doubt whether
it will be ultimately possible to recognize more than one. Our Mexican specimens
agree with those of farther north, whilst those of Guatemala and thence southwards
to Panama and Venezuela differ in having the discal band closer to the outer margin.

THECLA. 93

We are unwilling to do more than notice this feature, seeing how subject to variation
this insect is.

39. T. BEBRYCIA section.

199. Thecla bebrycia.
Thecla bebrycia, Hew. Descr. Lye. p. 18"; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 119, t. 50. ff. 258, 259°.

Alis fuscis; anticis macula nigra ad cellule finem; posticis macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum
rubro cincta, lobulo anali quoque rubro notato, margine externo nigro, ciliis albidis: subtus pallide fuscis,
linea communi discali extrorsum alba introrsum rubra in posticis perfracta, angulo anali rubro, lobulo
nigro, macula nigra inter ramos medianos introrsum late rubro cincta, margine nigro introrsum albo
limbato.

@ nobis ignota.

Hab. Muxico (mus. Hewitson1?); Guatemaua, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.).

We have a single specimen of this species from the Polochic valley which agrees
with Hewitson’s type from Mexico. The species appears to be fairly distinct, the
black spot in the cell together with the red edging of the black spot between the
median branches of the secondaries being distinguishing features from all but the
following species, which, however, has the wings marked with blue.

200. Thecla serapio, sp. n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 8,9 ¢.)

T. bebrycie similis, sed supra anticis lineis duabus margini interno parallelis ceruleis; posticis area discali
quoque ceruleo atomata: subtus linea discali medialiter distincte nigra, linea submarginali maculosa fusca
utrinque albo limbata.

Hab. Muxico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Panama, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé).

Evidently an ally of 7. debrycia, having a similar black spot at the end of the cell of
the primaries, and the red-margined black spot between the median branches of the
secondaries as well as the general resemblance of the discal line beneath. The blue
colouring on the upper surface of both wings serves to distinguish it. Mr. Schaus’s
Mexican specimens agree closely with the Panama types. We figure a David male.

40. T. BASALIDES section.

201. Thecla basalides.
Tmolus basalides, Geyer in Hibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. v. p. 42, ff. 977, 978°.

Alis fuscis; anticis infra venam medianam, posticis in dimidio interiore nonnunquam ceruleo striatis,
stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule anticarum finem ; posticis maculis duabus ad angulum analem nigris, ea
inter ramos medianos rufo introrsum notata, lobulo anali quoque rufo: subtus griseis, linea communi
discali nigra extrorsum albo introrsum rufo limbata in posticis in maculas fracta, margine rubro quoque
introrsum nigro limbato, maculis duabus basin propioribus una in cellula altera infra venam costalem
nigris interne rufis et extrorsum albo cinctis, lobulo anali nigro introrsum rubro notato, macula nigra inter
ramos medianos introrsum rubro cincta.

9 alis brunneis, aliter alis maris similibus.

Hab. Mexico (Boucard), Jalapa (W. Schaus); GuaremaLa, Polochic valley, Pacific

94 RHOPALOCERA.

coast (F. D. G. & O. S.), Chiacam, Paraiso, San Isidro (Champion), Coban (Von
Tirckheim); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Cache (Rogers) ;
Panama, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé, Ribbe), Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé), Lion
Hill (M*Leannan).—Sovtn America, Colombia to Amazons valley and South-east
Brazil 4.

There is a good deal of variation in the extent of the blue in the wings on the upper-
side of this species, and, so far as we can see, its amount has no relation to locality, and
it varies from a few scales to well-defined streaks. Beneath, too, the size and shape of
the spots forming the discal band of the secondaries varies in different individuals.
We have but a single female specimen from Mexico; but in Guatemala it is not an
uncommon species in the low-lying lands on both sides of the cordillera, and it seems
equally abundant throughout the rest of Central America.

41. T. ALBATA section.

202. Thecla albata.
Thecla albata, Feld. Reise d. Nov. Lep. p. 261, t. 32. ff. 17, 187.

Alis fuscis; anticis plaga magna ad angulum analem et posticis preter basin et maculas duas ad angulum |
analem pure albis; anticis stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule finem, margine interno ad basin pallide
ceruleo atomato: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus, linea communi discali valde sinuata fusca, lunulis
variis submarginalibus fuscis, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos nigris, macula inter eos nigra
albo atomata.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Panama city (Abbe), Taboga Island (J. J. Walker).—Cotomata !;

VENEZUELA 1.

This species was described by Felder from Venezuelan specimens, which are now
before us, and it has also been taken in Colombia by Mr. Wheeler ; thence it passes into
our country as far north as the Panama railway.

203. Thecla sedecia.
Thecla sedecia, Hew. Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p.105*; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 198, t. 78. ff. 637, 638°.

T. albate persimilis, sed supra anticis plaga ad angulum analem minore colore ceruleo quoque ad basin vix
ullo; posticis margine externo ipso nigro: subtus anticis linea discali rectiore, lineola ad fines cellularum
albida, lobulo anali et macula inter ramos medianos posticarum introrsum rufo latius cinctis.

Hab. Mexico? (G. Mathew), Milpas, Presidio (Forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa
(W. Schaus) ; Guatemaua, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & 0. S.).

T. sedecia was described from Mexican specimens obtained by Mr. Mathew, probably
on the west coast, whence we also have received examples through Mr. Forrer. Our

only Guatemalan specimens are from the Polochic valley, as Mr. Champion did not
come across it.

THECLA. - 95

42. T. voyoa section.

204. Thecla yojoa.
Thecla yojoa, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 339'; Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 158”.
Thecla daraba, Hew. Il. Diurn. Lep. p. 105, t. 36. ff. 8, 9°.
Thecla berea, Hew. Descr. Lye. p. 14‘.

Alis fuscis, stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule anticarum finem; posticis maculis duabus nigris ad angulum
analem, lobulo anali rufo: subtus griseo-fuscis, linea communi discali fusca extrorsum albo limbata ad
marginem posticarum internum introrsum rufo marginata, lineola alba ad cellularum fines 3 posticis fascia
albida per cellulam et ultra lineam discalem albicantibus, ad marginem extrorsum fusco nebulosis, lobulo
anali et macula inter ramos medianos nigris introrsum rufo limbatis.

£ mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus ; posticis limbo externo nigro introrsum albo limbato, ciliis albidis.

Hab. Mexico!?3, Cordova (Rimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan
(Gawmer); Guatema.a, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.), San Geronimo (F. D.G. & 0. S.,
Champion), Panima (Champion), Coban (Von Tiirckheim); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Panama, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé, Ribbe), Calobre (Arcé).—AMAZONS VALLEY 3,

The discal line on the secondaries of this species varies to some extent, being
straighter in some specimens, and more undulating in others, but we are not able to
make any separation on this account. 7. yojoa is not an uncommon species in
Guatemala, especially at San Gerdénimo in Vera Paz at an elevation of about 3000
feet above the sea.

205. Thecla alea, sp. n. (Tab. LVIIL. figg. 10,11 3.)

I’. yojoa similis, sed posticis in margine externo cerulescentibus, hoc colore maculis nigris submarginalibus
includente, margine ipso nigro, ciliis albis: subtus lineola alba ad cellule anticarum finem nulla, macula
inter ramos medianos posticarum cervino (nec rubro) introrsum cincta.

Hab. Mexico, Tres Marias Islands (Forrer), Jalapa (W. Schaus).

We have a single specimen of this species from Mr. Forrer’s collection from the Tres
Marias Islands, and have seen another in Mr. Schaus’s collection. ‘This species is no
doubt allied to 7. yqjoa, but the points of difference indicated above certainly suggest
its specific distinction.

206. Thecla mulucha.

Thecla mulucha, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 89, t. 38. f. 1177; p. 159, t. 62. f. 4287,

Thecla crossea, Hew. Tl. Diurn. Lep. p. 158, t. 62. f. 427 *. | .

Tmolus invisus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 108°; P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 855°; Butl. Lep. Ex. p- 160,
t. 57. £. 12°.

Alis fuscis unicoloribus ; anticis plaga nigra ad cellule finem; posticis maculis tribus ad angulum’ analem
nigricantibus, ciliis albis: subtus pallidioribus; anticis ad apicem posticis fascia lata transversd per
cellulam et plaga magna ad medium marginis externi albidis, lineola ad cellule anticarum finem alba,
linea discali communi fusca extrorsum albo limbata undique lunulata, lobulo anali et punctis inter ramos

medianos nigris illo introrsum fulvo cincto.
@ mari similis, alis posticis ad angulum analem pallidioribus.

96 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Costa Rica (Van Patten ***), San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion),
Chiriqui (be), Taboga Isl. (J. J. Walker).—VENEZUELA!; AMAZONS VALLEY.

T. mulucha is clearly allied to 7. yojoa, but may readily be distinguished by the
much more tortuous discal band of the secondaries, which consists of a series of lunules,
one between each vein. It varies in the intensity of the markings of the under surface,
and this is probably the reason that it has been described more than once. It is widely
spread in Central America, but does not appear to extend into Mexico. In South
America it reaches Para, and has therefore a much wider range than the allied species
T. yojoa.

43. T. EURYTULUS section.

207. Thecla eurytulus.
Tmolus eurytulus, Hiibn. Samm]. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 90°.
Thecla salona, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 31’; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 159, t. 63. ff. 429, 430 *.
Thecla istapa, Reak. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 339 *.

Alis fuscis; anticis stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule finem, maculis duabus ad angulum analem posticarum
nigris, margine nigro, ciliis albidis: subtus fuscis, fascia communi discali fusca extrorsum albo limbata,
lineis duabus submarginalibus lunulatis albis; posticis lineola ad cellule finem nigricante, maculis duabus |
ad basin albido cinctis una intra cellulam altera infra venam costalem, lobulo anali et macula magna inter
ramos medianos nigris introrsum cervino limbatis, intra eos macula fusca albo atomato.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), Acapulco (J. J. Walker), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa
(W. Schaus); Guatemata, Polochie valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Duefias, San Gerdénimo
(Champion); Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers) ; Panama, Bugaba, Veraguas (Arcé), Chiriqui

Ribbe).—Soutn America, Guiana, Amazons valley 2°, E. Brazil.

This is an abundant species over a very wide area of Tropical America, and we are
quite unable to distinguish Mexican and Guatemalan examples from others found in
the Amazons valley and Pernambuco in Eastern Brazil. These all, we believe, should
bear Hiibner’s name 7. eurytulus. T. istapa, Reakirt, appears to have been based
upon a female of this species.

h®, Wings grey beneath; secondaries without marginal filament.
44, T. CESTRI section.

208. Thecla cestri. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 12,138 ¢.)
Thecla cestri, Reak. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 338’.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis ; anticis stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule finem; posticis macula submarginali inter
ramos medianos nigra, ciliis albis ; subtus brunneo-fuscis ad marginem externum dense albo atomatis, linea
communi discali fusca albido extrorsum limbata undique lunulata; posticis maculis ad basin nigris interne
fuscis albido cinctis, macula nigra inter ramos medianos.

2 mari similis, alis posticis a basi ad angulum analem ceruleo lavatis, maculis tribus submarginalibus albi-
cantibus.

THECLA. 97

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemata, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.),
Duefias, Sinanja, San Gerdnimo (Champion); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

This species is allied to 7. davara of Hewitson, which was described from an unknown
locality. It differs in several minor points: the discal band of the primaries is more
broken into lunules, and the spots near the base of the hind wing are independent, and
are not confluent with the discal band. We figure a male from Duefias.

209. Thecla agra.
Thecla agra, Hew. Descr. Lyc. p. 30°; Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 147, t. 58. ff. 869, 370.

Alis nigricanti-fuscis; anticis stigmate spurio nigro ad cellule finem; posticis interne ceruleis, maculis
submarginalibus fuscis: subtus fuscis, linea communi discali fusca albido extrorsum limbata in posticis
vix obvia; anticis linea submarginali albida; posticis linea albida longitudinali, macula magna supra eum
ad angulum apicalem fusco-brunnea, altera infra eam basali, macula costali brunnea albo cincta, ciliis
sordide albis.

¢ mari similis, sed supra alis pallidioribus: subtus linea discali magis distincta, linea longitudinali vix obvia.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.),
San Gerénimo, Duefias (Champion), Coban (Von Tiirckheim); Costa Rica, Cache
(Rogers) ; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui(Arcé, Ribbe, Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Taboga
Isl. (G. Mathew).—Sovtn America, Colombia to the Amazons valley 12, Jamaica.

Except that the Central-American specimens are somewhat larger, we observe no
difference between them and Amazons examples, whence Hewitson’s type was derived.
The distribution of the markings of the underside renders this species easy to recognize.
It has no near allies.

Since the above enumeration of the species of Thecla was written Mr. W. Schaus has
brought for our inspection the extensive series of Butterflies taken by himself in the
environs of Jalapa in the State of Vera Cruz. The species of Zhecla number no less
than eighty-eight, of which we were at once able to determine eighty-one. A
considerable number of these eighty-one species are enumerated in the foregoing
pages. Others, of which our account had already been published, will, where neces-
sary, be mentioned in our Supplement. There remain seven species for which we
have been unable to find names: three of these we think desirable to describe here, and
insert figures of them on our 58th Plate; and one (7. ¢noa) is already inserted in its
place (anted, p. 88). Of the remaining three, more specimens are required before we
can determine them satisfactorily—one is allied to that most difficult species 7. beon,
another, of which there is only a female, is allied to 7. celmus, and the third is much
broken, but belongs to a beautiful species unknown to us, but apparently allied to
T. m-album.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1887. 9)

98 | RHOPALOCERA.

Thecla hecate, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 15, 16 4, 17.)

Alis cyaneis, anticis saturatioribus, omnibus (anticis ad apicem late) nigro extrorsum marginatis, stigmate
fusco ad cellule finem; posticis bicaudatis, ea ad rami mediani secundi finem brevissima: subtus fuscis ;
anticis linea lunulari discali saturate fusca extrorsum albo limbata; posticis lineis duabus discalibus
lunularibus fuscis interiore extrorsum exteriore introrsum albo limbatis, ambabus ad costam interruptis,
lobulo anali nigro macula bipartita juxta eum rubra, altera inter ramos medianos puncto nigro, area inter
eas nigra cerulescente atomata, margine externo ad angulum analem nigro introrsum albo limbato ciliis

quoque albis: abdominis apice fulva.
© alis ceeruleo-canescentibus, anticis ad apicem fuscis: subtus pallidioribus quam in mari; posticis striolis
duabus albidis ad cellule finem.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus).

This species comes near 7. vibidia (anted, p. 44), but besides having the wings of a
deeper blue, the alar stigma is more clearly shown. The primaries beneath are crossed
by a discal line, and the inner of the two bands of the secondaries is broken near the
costa, and the portion next the costal nervure is placed nearer the base of the wing and
is comma-shaped. ‘The corresponding portion of the outer band is ranged almost in a
line with the inner band, but the true relationship of these fragments is shown by the
white margins being placed inside or outside.

Thecla semones, sp. n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 20, 21 ¢.)

Alis cyaneo-plumbeis fere unicoloribus, anticis ad apicem vix obscurioribus : subtus viridibus unicoloribus
immaculatis, ciliis albidis; anticis abbreviatis; posticis rotundatis ecaudatis: antennis et pedibus fusco-
nigris albo annulatis; fronte nigra.

@ adhuc ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (W. Schaus).

A curious little species apparently allied to Thecla ares (antea, p. 61) and to
T. biblia, Hew., of the Amazons valley. It differs from both in the dark lead-colour
of the upper surface of the wings and their immaculate under surface. |

Mr. Schaus only took one specimen, which is not in very good condition, and has lost
the tips of the antenne, their basal portions, however, show white rings.

Thecla schausi, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 22, 23 ¢.)

Alis saturate cyaneis, extrorsum late nigro limbatis; anticarum costa ad basin quoque nigra; subtus fuliginoso-
griseis, venis latis nigris divisis, anticis cellula et area infra eam cyaneis, ad apicem plaga pallida venis
divisa, macula coccinea ad costes basin; posticis plaga pallida supra cellulam ad costam extendente venam
costalem divisa, macula quoque coccinea ad coste basin: corpore supra cyaneo, abdomine infra fusco ;
antennis nigris infra albo maculatis, clava pallida, palporum segmente medio extrorsum chalybeo-cyaneo ;
posticis rotundatis, ecaudatis, angulo anali vix prominente.

@ adhue ignota.

Hab. Mxxico, Jalapa (W. Schaus).

Mr. Schaus’s collection contains the single male specimen described above. The
species is a very peculiar one, and, so far as we know, has only two allies, one of which

THECLA.—THECLOPSIS. 99

is represented in our collection by a single male specimen taken by Mr. Bates in the
valley of the Upper Amazons, but which has remained undescribed until now*. Of
the other Dr. Staudinger has just sent us a single female specimen from Chiriqui, which
we here describe as 7’. énsignis.

These three species will probably be separated generically from Zhecla proper when-
ever the subdivision of the genus can be satisfactorily undertaken. Before this can be
done, specimens must be properly dissected and their structure accurately examined.

Thecla insignis, sp. n.

9 alis fuscis unicoloribus: subtus anticis fuscis, plaga apicali tripartita flavida, macula ad basin coste aurantia ;
posticis flavidis venis latis fuscis divisis, plaga magna ad angulum apicalem altera ad fines ramorum
medianorum fuscis, plaga magna ad basin aurantia.

d adhuc ignotus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch).

Dr. Staudinger has just sent us, in time for the insertion of its description here, a
female of this curious Thecla which is allied to 7. schausi and T. miranda.

B. Front legs of male with a complete five-jointed tarsus and with claws.

THECLOPSIS, gen. nov.

The insects we include in this genus have all the appearance of Thecla; but in
preparing a male specimen of Thecla lebena of Hewitson, we found that not only is the
cell of the primaries of peculiar form, but the front legs are unlike those of any Thecla,
and indeed of any member of the Lyceenide which we have examined. Taking 7. lebena
as the type of our new genus Theclopsis, we find that two species of our region, viz.
T. demea (Hew.) and one now described as 7. caus, have the cell of the primaries
formed exactly as in 7. lebena; but we have not been able, for want of specimens, to
examine the front legs, so we include both species in this genus from the structure of
the cell alone.

T. lebena has, as in all the American Theclw, two subcostal branches, both emitted
from the subcostal widely apart, and the second some way before the end of the cell.

* Thecla miranda, sp. n.

T. schausi affinis, ejusdem forma angulo posticarum anali magis prominente, alis supra magis purpurascentibus:
subtus plaga lactescenti-alba ad anticarum apicem; posticis macula magna trifida subapicali ejusdem
coloris, cellula ad basin et margine interno eodem modo picturatis: abdomine subtus albo.

Hab. Amazons sup. (H. W. Bates).

Mus. nostr.

100 RHOPALOCERA.

All three discocellulars are present, and all are long, the lower (somewhat atrophied) the
longest, the upper longer than the middle. The cell is thus unusually long, and extends
far towards the apex of the wing. There is a large stigmatic patch of closely-felted
scales over the region of the first median branch, and the median nervure is considerably
bent inwards between its branches to receive it. The palpi have a long slender terminal
joint; the middle joint is thickened slightly in the centre, the basal joint is shorter
than the middle one and considerably dilated. The femur and tibia of the front legs
are subequal, the former being somewhat swollen and the latter distended towards the
distal end and bearing two prominent spines beneath. The tarsus consists of five joints,
the first being equal to the other four together; all except the terminal joint are thickly
set with short strong spines on the under surface, with a somewhat prominent pair at
the extremity of each joint; the terminal fifth joint bears a pair of well-developed claws
and a pulvillus, but paronychia are apparently wanting. ‘The secondary sexual organs
consist of a well-developed tegumen with two strong overlapping hooks, as in Thecla
generally ; the harpagones are long slender rods; the penis is long, extending backwards
into the body for more than half its length.

We have no female of 7. ledena.

The structure of the front legs in this genus is very remarkable, the fusion of the
joints of the tarsus and the elimination of the claws usual in Lycenide, and indeed in
Nymphalide and Erycinide as well, has in this instance never been carried out. On
the other hand, the development of a spiny under surface to all the joints except
the last is carried much further than in the fused tarsus usual in Lyceenide.

1. Theclopsis demea.
Thecla demea, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 180, t. 70. ff. 533, 534°.

Alis letissime cyaneis, anticis costa ad basin apice et margine externo nigris ; stigmate nullo ; posticis margine
externo anguste nigro, area abdominali anguste nigra: subtus fuscis viridescente suffusis, linea communi
discali introrsum nigricanti-fusca, extrorsum alba, in posticis fracta ad marginem internum angulata,
lobulo anali nigro, introrsum rubro atomato, macula rubra inter ramos medianos puncto nigro, inter eos
macula fusca albo atomata.

@ nobis ignota.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt 1),—CoLoMBIA.

Though differing in many respects, the broad elongated cells of this and the following
species show a relationship to Thecla lebena of Hewitson, from which, however, they may
be at once distinguished by the much greater extension of blue on the upper surface
and the absence of the large black spot on the primaries beneath. We have a
male specimen which formed part of Belt’s Nicaragua collection from Central
America, and two of the same sex from the interior of Colombia, where they were
obtained by Mr. Wheeler.

THECLOPSIS.—CHRYSOPHANUS, 101

2. Theclopsis ceeus, sp. n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 24, 25 3.)

T. demee valde affinis, sed anticis stigmate ad cellule finem parvo et subtus area interna viridescente mican-
tibus differt.

Hab. Panama, Calobre (Arcé).

This species is described from a single male specimen. It is closely allied to Theclopsis
demea, having the same tint and distribution of blue on the upper surface ; but it differs
in having a small somewhat crescent-shaped brand at the end of the cell, and beneath
in having a large patch of shining scales over the middle of the primaries.

II. Subcostal nervure of primaries with three branches.

CHRYSOPHANUS.
Chrysophanus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 72.

The single species we place provisionally in this genus will probably have to be
removed from it when the Lycenide are investigated at large and a comprehensive
classification undertaken.

The neuration of the wings is very like that of C. virginiensis, with which we have
compared it, and the outline of the wings not dissimilar, the anal angle of the secon-
daries being more produced; the second median branch carries a moderate filament.
The primaries have no upper discocellular, but the middle discocellular meets the
subcostal nearly halfway between the junction of the second subcostal branch and the
upper radial with the subcostal respectively. The palpi have a long slender terminal
joint, the middle joint being much dilated; the femur of the front legs is somewhat
dilated in the middle, and the tibia towards the distal end; the tarsus is slightly
decurved towards the end, and the under surface sparsely covered with spines. The
hooks of the tegumen are abruptly recurved at their points; the harpagones are large
elongated lobes with a serrate inner edge.

The single species here treated of is found on the mountains of Guatemala. It has
none of the brilliant coppery colour usual in Chrysophanus, and the pattern of the under
surface is peculiar.

1. Chrysophanus? pyrrhias, sp. n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 26, 27 3.)

Alis purpureis, marginibus externis nigris, in posticis lunulis submarginalibus rufis includente, lineola submar-
ginali violacea: subtus rosaceo-fuscis, anticis area discali ochracea, lineis tribus communibus transversis
in anticis nigricantibus, in posticis brunneis, una submarginali, altera discali in posticis nigro extrorsum
limbata, tertia per cellulas, anticis lineola per cellule finem cellula posticarum quoque lineola brunnea
terminata.

Hab. GuateMata, Volcan de Fuego (f. D. G. & O. S., Champion), San Gerdnimo
(f. D. G. & O.S.), Chilasco, Cubulco, Quiche Mountains, Duefias (Champion).

102 RHOPALOCERA.

So far as we know, this pretty species is restricted to the highlands of Guatemala.
We used to find it not unfrequently on the road skirting the flank of the volcano
between Duefias and Calderas, and Mr. Champion also found it in the same place at an
altitude above the sea of 6000 to 7000 feet ; he also took specimens on the ridge above
Cubulco, the mountains above Quiche, and on the high ridges of Chilasco in Vera Paz.
It flies near the ground, and is frequently found settled on pig’s dung.

A. Chilasco specimen is figured.

LYCAENA.
Lycena, Fabricius in Ill. Mag. f. Ins. vi. p. 285 (partim).

Thirteen species of Zycena occur within our limits, but of these four are probably
only found along our frontier in the northern States of Mexico. Four other northern
species also enter our fauna—JZ. marina reaching as far south as Guatemala, L. exilis
Venezuela, and L. isola and L. comyntas Costa Rica. Three southern species of
wide range extend to Mexico, viz. L. hanno, L. cassius, and L. tulliola. There remain
two that have not yet been detected beyond our limits, viz. L. zachwina, which is
found from Central Mexico to Costa Rica, and LZ. gozora (a form of L. argiolus), having
much the same range, but spreading a little further south into the State of Panama.

It will thus be seen that Lycena is not nearly so strongly represented in Mexico and
Central America as it is in countries lying further to the northward. As we proceed
further south the paucity of the species becomes still more apparent; but there are
several peculiar Andean species and others in Chili which do not come within our
range.

Lycena has been divided into many genera, not only in the Old World but also in
America; but their value requires careful testing and a comparison instituted between
New- and Old-World forms, so that the whole may be brought into something like a
harmonious system. Whether this had best be done under a large or small number of
generic names remains to be seen; and as we cannot here undertake the solution of the
question, we place all the species that concern us under the comprehensive title of
Lycena.

From our dissections we note the following points which seem worthy of record :— |

In L. exilis the first subcostal branch becomes merged in the costal nervure. In
LL. comyntas this branch coalesces with the costal for part of its length, and then diverges
again towards the margin. In all the other species we have examined this branch
remains free throughout its length.

Regarding the secondary male organs, our preparations hardly give satisfactory results ;
being made from dried specimens, the parts are so displaced as to make it difficult to
trace their outline. So far as we can see, LZ. ewilis is most divergent in this respect ;
L. acmon and L. isola are somewhat alike, and resemble the Old-World ZL. corydon ;

LYCANA. 103

L. cassius and L. marina are allied, but different; nor are LZ. comyntas and L. gozora
far removed.

1. Lycena sagittigera.
Lycena sagittigera, Feld. Reise Nov. Lep. p. 281, t. 35. ff. 20, 21°.
Pedrotes sagittigera, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc. ii. p. 116.

Alis pallide violescenti-ceeruleis, margine externo fusco, ciliis albis fusco intermixtis: subtus pallide fuscis,
anticis macula cellulari, altera ad cellule finem aliisque septem discalibus nigricanti-fuscis albo cinctis,
lunulis submarginalibus fuscis, introrsum late, extrorsum anguste albo limbatis ; posticis dimidio cellule
distali albo, macula nigra notato, maculis nigris discalibus albo cinctis, cum lunulis submarginalibus nigris
albo conjunctis, lunulis his inter ramos medianos et ad angulum analem extrorsum cervino limbatis.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern California and Colorado ?.—Mexico, Sonora (Lorquin').

This species was originally described from Sonoran specimens, and we have an
example labelled Sonora which was formerly in Mr. Bates’s collection. It is better
known from California, whence we have several examples from various sources.
Though described in 1865 and well figured by Dr. Felder, L. sagittigera has since
received no less than five synonyms, which are all mentioned in Mr. Strecker’s

Catalogue.

2. Lyczena sonorensis.
Lycena sonorensis, Feld. Reise Nov. Lep. p. 281, t. 35. ff. 3, 4°.
Philotes sonorensis, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Se. iii. p. 116’.
Lycena regia, Boisd. Lep. Cal. p. 46°.

Alis pallide metallico cerulescentibus, margine externo anguste nigro, ciliis albis fusco intermixtis; anticis
lineola ad cellule finem maculisque discalibus nigris, plaga. magna duplici ad medium marginis externi
aurantia: subtus fuscis albo atomatis, triente externo pallidiore ; anticis macula ad cellule finem aliisque
sex discalibus nigris albo cinctis, macula aurantia bipartita sicut in pagina superiore, posticis dimidio
costali maculis nigris albo cinctis obsolete notato.

@ alis fuscescentioribus, maculis nigris submarginalibus quoque ornatis, posticis plaga magna aurantia ad
medium marginis externi maculisque tribus nigris discalibus quoque notatis.

Hab. Norra America, California 2.—Mexico, Sonora (Lorguin ').

A beautiful and distinct species, with no near allies. ‘The specimens described by
Dr. Felder were obtained by Lorquin in Sonora, and we have an example formerly in
Mr. Bates’s collection purporting to be from that country ; the species, however, is best
known as an inhabitant of California. Lorquin’s specimens, described by Boisduval as

L. regia, were taken at Los Angeles.

3. Lycena acmon.
Lycena acmon, Westw. in Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 294, t. 76. f. 2'.
Rusticus acmon, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Se. i. p. 122°.

Alis violaceo-ceruleis, marginibus externis fuscis, ciliis albis; posticis maculis submarginalibus fuscis, intror-
sum litura fulva limbatis: subtus pallide griseis, dimidio distali maculis distinctis nigris albo cinctis

104 RHOPALOCERA.

frequenter notatis ; posticis maculis quinque submarginalibus nigris argenteo atomatis, introrsum lunulis
fulvis cinctis, his quoque nigro introrsum marginatis.
2 alis fuscis, medialiter ceruleo atomatis, aliter alis maris similibus.
Hab. Norta America, Western States, California!.—Mexico, Northern Sonora
(Morrison).

This species is only known to us within our region from specimens obtained by
Morrison in Sonora, close to our north-western frontier. According to Mr. Strecker, the
larva feeds on Hosackia, a genus of leguminous plants mostly natives of western North
America and Mexico.

4. Lycena isola. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 33, 349, 352.)

Lycena isola, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 332); Strecker, Cat. N.-Am. Butt. p- 93°.

Hemiargus isola, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc. iii. p. 123°.

Lampides zacheina, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 104 (partim) ‘.

Alis violaceo-ceruleis, marginibus externis fuscis, ciliis albis; posticis macula ad angulum analem, altera
inter ramos medianos nigris: subtus griseo-fuscis, lineolis duabus ad cellule finem et duabus submargi-
nalibus albidis, maculis sex conspicuis discalibus nigris albo cinctis; posticis fascia discali atomosa
albida, maculis duabus subcostalibus, altera cellulari fuscis albo cinctis, lineis duabus ad cellule finem,

lunulis submarginalibus annulisque variis discalibus albidis, macula nigra inter ramos medianos et duabus
ad angulum analem omnibus argenteo ornatis.

Q anticis dimidio apicali fuscis, posticis ad costam quoque late fuscis: subtus alis maris similibus, maculis
omnibus magis distinctis,

Hab. Norta America, Kansas, Texas?, Arizona 2. — Mexico, Northern Sonora
(Morrison), Ventanas and Ciudad in Durango (Forrer), Jalapa (Hage, W. Schaus), Vera
Cruz (W. H. Edwards 1); Guatemata, central valleys (FD. G. & O. S.), San Gerdénimo
(Champion) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten +), San Francisco, Cache, Irazu (Rogers).

The conspicuous band of black spots on the primaries beneath renders this species
easily distinguished from all others within our region.

L. isola was described by Reakirt from specimens obtained by Mr. W. H. Edwards
near Vera Cruz in Mexico, and it has since been traced over a wide area from Kansas
in the north to Costa Rica in the south ; but throughout our region it seems confined to
the more elevated districts lying at between 4000 and 5000 feet above the level of the
sea and upwards.

A male from Cordova and a female from Jalapa are figured.

5. Lycena gozora.
Lycena gozora, Boisd. Lep. Guat. p. 17°.

Alis lastissime cexruleis, margine externo in anticis late, in posticis angustissime, nigris; anticis plaga discali
albida ; posticis medialiter ad angulum apicalem quoque albis, ciliis albis: subtus albis, punctis submar-
ginalibus et linea lunulata submarginali fuscis, punctis discalibus, in anticis linea arcuata, in posticis linea
valde irregulari positis, nigricantibus, lineola ad cellularum fines fusca ; posticis puncto subcostali altera
ad cellule medium nigris,

LYCANA. 105

2 alis anticis fuscis, medialiter albis cwruleo ad basin suffusis ; posticis albis, costa late, margine externo
anguste et maculis submarginalibus fusco-nigricantibus, aliter alis maris similibus.

Hab. Muxico1, Milpas (Forrer), Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus), Oaxaca (Fenechio) ;
GuATEMALA, Los Altos, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S.), Duefias, Guatemala city, Cerro Zunil,
San Gerénimo, Purula, Chiacam, Sabo (Champion); Costa Rica, Cache (Rogers) ;
PanaMa, Chiriqui (Ribbe, Arcé), Bugaba (Champion).

LL. gozora is the Mexican and Central-American form of L. pseudargiolus, which it
closely resembles in the markings of the underside; but it differs in the tint of the
blue of the upper surface, which is considerably darker and more violet, moreover the
male has a distinct whitish discal patch: in specimens from Costa Rica and the State of
Panama this patch is not nearly so clearly shown nor so constant.

In Guatemala L. gozora is very common in the highlands, especially in the neigh-
bourhood of Duefias, where numbers may be seen on a sunny morning in the rainy

season flying round wet places on the roadside.

6. Lyczna piasus.
Lycena piasus, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 299*; Strecker, Cat. Butt. N. Am. p. 95’.
Cyaniris piasus, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc. ii. p. 114°.

Preecedenti similis, sed alis supra unicoloribus, albo haud notatis: subtus maculis omnibus fuscis indistinctis.
Hab. Norta America, Oregon 2, California 12, Arizona.—Mexico, Northern Sonora
(Morrison). -

This is another species of the L. pseudargiolus group, which occurs just on our
northern frontier in Sonora. It may be distinguished both from Z. gozora and from
L. pseudargiolus itself by the darker tone of the blue of both wings. In this respect it
resembles L. argiolus, but the wings are greyer beneath without any green tint.

7. Lycena cassius.
Papilio cassius, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 23. ff. C, D’.

Alis violaceo-ceruleis, marginibus externis anguste fuscis, ciliis albis: subtus albis, anticis undique frequenter
pallide fusco transvittatis ; posticis quoque fusco maculatis et lineatis, macula magna inter ramos medi-
anos nigra introrsum annulo argenteo-ceruleo notata, extrorsum cervino cincta, macula altera ad angulum

analem eodem modo picta sed minore.
2 alis fuscis, medialiter albis cwruleo ad basin lavatis; anticis maculis discalibus fuscis; posticis margine

externo fusco, annulis quinque albis ornatis : subtus alis maris similibus.

Hab. Mexico, Tres Marias Islands (forrer); Guatemata, Polochic, Motagua, and
Chisoy valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.), Guatemala city, Duefias, San Gerdnimo (Champion) ;
Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica
(Van Patten), San Francisco, Cache (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé),
Petia Blanca (Champion).—SovutH AMERICA, Colombia and Guiana! to South Brazil;
ANTILLES, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominica.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. Il., December 1887. | P

106 RHOPALOCERA.

L. cassius is an exceedingly common species throughout the whole of Tropical
America, from the Tres Marias Islands in the north to South Brazil, including also many
of the West Indian Islands. Throughout this wide area some variation is to be expected ;
this affects the amount of white on the secondaries of the males, and to some extent
the markings of the females generally; but we are quite unable to associate any parti-
cular variation to any restricted area, for in cases where we have a large series from any
one locality the extremes of variation are represented. We draw these conclusions
from the examination of about 120 specimens.

In Central America the range in altitude of this species is considerable, for we find
it at the sea-level in the Tres Marias Islands, and as high as 5000 feet near the city
of Guatemala.

8. Lycena marina.

Lycena marina, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1868, p. 877.
Leptotes marina, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc. 11. p. 124.
dg mari precedentis similis, sed alis supra magis violaceis: subtus lineis fuscis transversis latioribus.
© haud albo notata. a

Hab. NortH America, California, Arizona.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison),
Milpas (Forrer), Jalapa (W. Schaus), Orizaba (fide Reakirt1), Vera Cruz (W. 4.
Edwards'); Guatemata, Duefias (fF. D. G. & O. S., Champion), San Gerénimo
(FD. G.&0.8.).

A close ally of Z. cassius, from which it appears to be distinguishable in both sexes
by the darker colour of the upper surface of the wings, in which there is no tendency
to become white as in the allied species. There are slight differences also on the
underside. J. marina appears to be common along our north-western frontier, both
in Arizona and Sonora; thence it spreads through Mexico to the highlands of Guate-
mala, where both Mr. Champion and we ourselves found it an elevation of nearly
5000 feet at Duefias, and as low as 3000 feet at San Gerénimo in Vera Paz; in both
these places Z. cassius is also found.

We also notice a difference in the secondary male organs, which make it certain that
L. cassius and L. marina are distinct species. The harpagones in the former have
simple rounded ends with long hairs, and on the inner edge a strong prominent tooth ;
those of the latter have a serrate extremity, and there is no tooth on the inner edge ;
moreover, the projection or hook on either side of the tegumen is strongly dentate on
its lower edge.

9. Lycena hanno.

Papilio hanno, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Ex. Pap. p. 170, t. 39. ff. 2, 2B’.
Rusticus adolescens hanno, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 987.

Alis purpureo-ceruleis, marginibus externis fusco nigricantibus, ciliis albis: subtus fusco-griseis, marginibus

LYCENA. 107

externis fuscis, linea ad cellularum fines utrinque albo limbata; anticis linea transversa discali macu-
_losa, lunulis submarginalibus maculisque ultra eas fuscis, omnibus utrinque albo marginatis; posticis
macula cellulari, altera infra eam et; duabus subcostalibus nigris albo cinctis, maculis variis ultra cellulam
lunulisque submarginalibus fuscis, utrinque albo limbatis, macula magna nigra inter ramos medianos
cervino cincto et extrorsum argenteo atomata.

2 alis fusco brunneis ad basin ceruleo atomatis, aliter alis maris similibus.

Hab. Norta America, Florida.—Mexico, Mazatlan, Ventanas (Forrer); Costa Rica
(Van Patten), Cache, Irazu, San Francisco (Rogers) ; Panama, Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé),
Tolé, David, San Feliz (Champion), Lion-Hill Station (M‘Zeannan), Paraiso Station
(Hughes), Panama city (Ribbe, Buchan-Hepburn).—Sovutn America, Colombia to South
Brazil; ANTILLES, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominica.

We have a large series of specimens from various parts of Tropical America, which
we have no hesitation in referring to Papilio hanno of Stoll, nor do we see how examples
from Florida can be specifically separated ; the species occurs also in several of the West
Indian Islands. Regarding the North-American insect, we are not sure under what
name it passes, but we believe it is the same as that indicated in Mr. Strecker’s
catalogue as L. antibubastus of Hiibner.

In Central America the only species it can be confused with is L. zacheina, which
it resembles very closely; it has, however, only a single submarginal black spot on the
underside of the secondaries between the median branches, whereas in the allied species
there are two in this region.

L. hanno is a very common insect in many parts of Central America.

10. Lycena zachezina. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 36, 373, 382.)
Lampides zacheina, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 1047 (partim) ; P.Z.S. 1874, p. 354°; Butl. Lep.
Ex. p. 157, t. 57. £1°.

Precedenti similis, sed posticis subtus maculis duabus submarginalibus nigris inter venam medianam et ramos
suos.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (G. Mathew), Ventanas (Qorrer), Jalapa (W. Schaus), Cordova
(Liimelt), Oaxaca (Fenochio); GuatemaLa, Polochic and Motagua valleys (F. D. G.
& O. S.), Chacoj, San Gerénimo, and Zapote (Champion), Duefias (F. D. G. & O. &.,
Champion); Honvuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt,
Janson); Costa Rica (Van Patten 123),

This is a close ally of L. hanno, differing solely in having two black submarginal
spots on the underside of the secondaries instead of one. The specimen described by
Messrs. Butler and Druce as the female of this species has really nothing to do with it,
but must be referred to L. isola of Reakirt, as is clearly shown by the marked types
before us.

This insect has a wide range in Central America from Mexico to Costa Rica, being
especially common in Guatemala and Nicaragua, where it appears entirely to sup-

: Pp 2

108 RHOPALOCERA.

plant Z. hanno. In the State of Durango, as well as in Costa Rica, both species are
found.
A male from San Gerénimo and a female from Chacoj in Guatemala are figured.

11. Lycena comyntas.
Polyomatus comyntas, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 660’.
Everes comyntas, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc. i. p. 114%.

Alis violaceo-ceruleis, marginibus externis nigris, ciliis albis; posticis maculis indistinctis submarginalibus
nigris; subtus eretaceo-albis, lineola nigra utrinque albo limbata ad cellularum fines; anticis maculis
sex in linea discali positis albo cinctis, lunulis fuscis submarginalibus ; posticis macula subcostali, altera
in cellula aliisque in linea discali valde irregulari positis nigris albo cinctis, lunulis submarginalibus nigris
et extra eas ad marginem externum maculis fuscis, iis inter ramos medianos nigris argenteo-ceruleo
ornatis et introrsum fulvo cinctis. ;

@ alis fuscis, ad basin ceeruleo lavatis ; posticis maculis fuscis ad marginem externum ceruleo cinctis, iis inter
ramos medianos introrsum cervino limbatis: subtus alis maris similibus.

Hab. Nortn Americal, from Canada southwards.—Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli),
Jalapa (Hoge, W. Schaus); Britist Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); Guatemaa, Polo-
chic and Motagua valleys (Fr. D. G. & O. S.), Tamahu, Cahabon, Purula, San
Gerénimo, Guatemala city, Duefias, Zapote (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro
(G. WM. Whitely); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica, San Francisco
(Rogers).

This species enjoys a wide range in North America, chiefly in the eastern and
central States, its western limits extending to the Rocky Mountains. We find it again
in Southern Mexico and throughout Guatemala to the Pacific coast and thence south-
wards to Costa Rica. We notice no material difference between specimens from
different parts of this wide area, except that females from the north have the wings of
a uniform dark fuscous brown, whereas in those from the south the base is extensively
suffused with blue.

In Guatemala L. comyntas is an inhabitant of the mountain-region, and is chiefly
found at an elevation of 3000 feet and upwards.

According to Mr. Strecker, the larva feeds on Phaseolus perennis and Lespedeza
capitata, leguminous plants both represented in our country by allied species.

12. Lycena tulliola, sp.n. (Tab. LVIII. figg. 28, 29 2.)

Alis fuscis, medialiter obscure ceruleis, ciliis albis: subtus pallide griseis; anticis macula ad cellule finem,
altera duplici cellulari aliisque octo discalibus, coste et margini externo subparallelis, nigris, omnibus
nigro cinctis, maculis sagittiformibus submarginalibus albo quoque cinctis; posticis maculis decem nigris
albo cinctis cellulam circumcingentibus, duabus ad medium cellule altera ad finem ejus quoque albo
cinctis, maculis sagittiformibus fuscis submarginalibus albo cinctis.

Q mari similis, sed colore ceruleo pagine alarum superioris magis restricto.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas, Ventanas (Forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (W. Schaus) ;

Guatemaa, San Gerénimo, Duefias, Zapote (Champion).—Sovta AMERICA, Venezuela to
Eastern and Southern Brazil.

LYCANA. 109

This species somewhat resembles L. comyntas, but, besides having longer and
narrower wings, it is destitute of the submarginal black spots beneath. Mexican and
Central-American examples agree closely with others from Venezuela and Brazil; but
we notice that the double black spot within the cell in the primaries beneath, conspi-
cuous in northern examples, is almost always absent in those from the south. One of
our Venezuelan specimens has a single spot.

We have applied a MS. name of Dr. Moritz, attached to some Venezuelan specimens
formerly in the Kaden collection.

A male from San Gerdénimo, Guatemala, is figured.

13. Lyceena exilis. (Tab. LVIIL. figg. 30,314, 329.)
Lycena exilis, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 294°; Strecker, Cat. Butt. N. Am. p. 92”.
Brephidium exilis, Scudd. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Se. ii. p. 124°.

Alis brunneis, ad basin fuscis, ad marginem externum quoque fuscescentibus, ciliis albis; posticis maculis
indistinctis fuscis ad marginem externum: subtus rufescenti-brunneis, ad basin canescentibus, lineis
interruptis albis frequenter transfasciatis ; posticis maculis sex magnis nigris argenteo ornatis, ad mar-
ginem externum, harum duabus ad angulum analem fere omnino argenteis, maculis tribus ad basin nigris
albo cinctis, una subcostali altera cellulari tertia infra eam, maculis his vero interdum obsoletis.

Hab. Nort America, Texas, Arizona, California 1.—GvatemaLa, Champerico, San

José de Guatemala (Champion).—VENEZUELA.

This beautiful and well-marked little species has only been noticed within our
borders by Mr. Champion, who took it in some numbers in salt marshes on the
shores of the Pacific both at Champerico and San José de Guatemala. It was
previously known as an inhabitant of the south-western States of America from
California to Texas. We also possess specimens from Venezuela which seem insepa-
rable from northern examples, and show what a very extensive range this, almost the
smallest of known species of butterflies, has.

Nore.—Since the foregoing account of the Lyceenide was printed, Mr. S. H. Scudder
has written to us demurring to our statement of his views as to the position of the
genus Humcus as regards the Erycinide and Lycenide. On again referring to his
published paper on the subject, we see that our brief statement requires modification ;
and in order to make this more explicit, and also to obtain Mr. Scudder’s most recent
views on the subject, we requested him to be good enough to send us a note for inser-
tion here. To this he kindly acceded, and forwarded us the following interesting
communication :—

110 RHOPALOCERA.

Note on the Group Eumeidi.

By Samvuet H. Scupper.

On calling the attention of the Editors of the ‘ Biologia’ to an inaccurate statement (on
p. 5 of the present volume) of my published views regarding the relation of the
Eumeidi to the allied groups of butterflies, they kindly invited me to contribute to it
a note upon the systematic position of these insects; and although I have substantially
nothing to add to what has already been published *, I gladly avail myself of their
courtesy for a fresh statement of my views.

The immediate occasion of my interest in this group was the opportunity, through
the kindness of friends, of studying their early stages; and as I was then fresh from a
study of the same stages of the different tribes of Lycenine, the opportunity of examin-
ing the nearly complete history of an allied insect, whose position had been the subject
of much doubt, was very welcome.

It should be premised that I differ from most lepidopterists in regarding the Lemo-
niine (Erycinine) and Lycenine as divisions (subfamilies) of one family group, to
which I apply the name of Lycenide ; and that the above terms are used in that sense
in the present note, the termination sufficiently indicating the value of each group-name.
My opinion is based on the close affinity of the two groups (never widely sundered by
entomologists), on the fact that, so far as we know them, the larve of Lemoniine differ
less than any others from those of Lycznine, on the compact form and close girding of
the chrysalis of both groups, the triarate or flattened eggs, and on the very general
agreement of the two groups in the imago in such important characters as the narrow-
ness of the front of the head between the eyes, so that the antennal sockets encroach
upon the orbits, the antennal structure, the close union of the mesothorax and meta-
thorax, the neuration, and the bent lateral appendages of the upper unpaired organ of
the male abdomen.

That the Eumeidi belong to the Lycenide and not to the Satyrine, as formerly
claimed, is shown by the narrow front of the head, the widely-separated antenne, and
the feeble degradation of the male fore tarsi—characters of prime importance found in
all Lycenide and in no Satyrine. Now, too, that their early history is known, and
the larva is found to have a partially retractile head and an entire terminal segment,

* «The Structure and Transformations of Zumeus atala,” Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ii. pp. 413-419, pl.14..
Boston, 1875. to.

NOTE ON EUMZUS. 111

and the chrysalis a girth around the middle, there is no need of further discussing any
supposed Satyrine affinities.

Their reference to the Lycenine rather than to the Lemoniine is easily defended,
though naturally not so conspicuous; for the fore legs of the male are amply provided
beneath with spines, and the end of the single exarticulate joint is armed with a pair
of stout curved spines and densely fringed with a pile of short hairs, appearing to
represent the paronychia; while the subcostal nervure of the fore wings has only two
superior nervules. Our knowledge of the early stages of Lemoniine is exceedingly
meagre, so that we can here draw no decided conclusions. There is, indeed, no greater
desideratum in the study of butterflies than a knowledge of the transformations of the
principal genera of this subfamily. But from what little we do know, we are aware
that the onisciform character of the larva, almost universal in Lycanine *, is hardly
noticeable in the caterpillars of Lemoniine ; and in this respect the Eumeidi, especially
previous to the last stage, certainly show Lemoniid affinities, both in the form of the
body, the comparatively large head, and the nature of the clothing; the last, not alto-
gether dissimilar to that of Feniseca, consists of fleshy thorny tubercles in longitudinal
rows. The chrysalis, speaking again with the same limitations, appears to accord
with the Lycenine ; for in the Lycenine, just as the caterpillar is strikingly different
from those of all other butterflies by its onisciform habit, so the chrysalis differs from
all in having the head invisible from above, being bent over to form a part of the
ventral surface ; generally the same is also true of the terminal segment of the abdo-
men. ‘Though I have been able to examine autoptically only one or two chrysalids of
Lemoniine, yet the published illustrations enable one to judge that in these points they
probably do not differ, as those I have seen do not, from the great body of other
butterflies. Now the chrysalis of Eumeus atala agrees in these points with the
Lycenine, although the terminal segment of the abdomen is more exposed than usual
with them.

While, then, there would seem to be little doubt that the Eumeidi should fall
between the Lemoniinze and the Lycenine, there appears to be small reason to place
it as a separate group equivalent to either of them, and still less to place it within the
limits of the Lemoniine. It should rather be placed, at least until our knowledge of
the transformations of Lemoniine is vastly improved, as a group of Lycenine, in
nearest position to the Lemoniine.

We may further consider the question, What are its relations to the other members
of the subfamily Lycenine? At least as found in temperate regions, this subfamily is

* Mr. W. H. Edwards has recently shown that the earliest stages of Feniseca lack the onisciform character
’ of later stages.

112 RHOPALOCERA.

divisible into three tribes—the Theclidi (Hair-streaks), the Cupididi (Blues), and the
Chrysophanidi (Coppers). Does Eumeus fall into either of these, or should it form
a distinct and equivalent tribe? And if the last, to which of the others is it most
nearly allied ?

The differences between the three tribes mentioned are mainly found in the structure
of the antennal club, of the subcostal nervure of the fore wings, and of the tip of the
male tarsi. In the two latter points Humeus agrees very well with the Theclidi, but
with neither of the others, having two and not three superior subcostal nervules, and, as
already stated, a pair of curving spines at the tip of the tarsi, a little larger than the
straight preapical spines. In the structure of the antennal club it also more nearly
approaches the Thectidi than the other tribes, but is peculiar in its apical tapering, the
diminution in size affecting five or six joints. It also differs strikingly frem all the rest
in the break in the vein closing the discal cell in both wings, and in the horizontal
position of the nearly straight middle joint of the palpi. It is therefore evidently -
separated from either of the three groups more widely than they are from one another,
forcing us to consider it a distinct group from any, while its affinity to the Theclidi
will not allow us to look upon the group as of equal value to the three together. The
logical conclusion is that, like them, it forms a tribe of Lycenine, related on the
one hand to its other tribes through the Theclidi, and on the other hand to the
Lemoniine.

The early stages lead to nearly the same conclusion, so far as they can help us.
Certainly the caterpillar is very different from any of the known Lycenine, though it
is somewhat allied to the Chrysophanidi, through Feniseca, by its comparatively large
head and arrangement of fascicled hairs. It is in this phase of its structure that its
affinity to the Lemoniine is most evident. In its chrysalis stage, howevér, Humeus is
clearly Lyceenine, and again shows its relationship to the Theclidi in the structure of
the minute scattered dermal appendages. These in the Chrysophanidi are fungiform ;
in the Cupididi they consist of uniformly tapering hairs, abundantly provided with
minute spicules diverging from the hairs at right angles; in the Theclidi they form
cylindrical equal hairs, tapering only at the tip, and the spicules with which they are
profusely provided diverge from the stem at right angles; while in the Eumeidi they -
are equal, compressed, twisted ribands, tapering only at the extreme tip.

. PEREUTE. 113

Fam. PAPILIONIDE*.

Following Mr. Bates’s arrangement of the Rhopalocera, the Papilionide contains two
subfamilies—the Pierine and Papilionine. Both possess six perfect legs in each
sex; the pupa is attached by the tail, and a girdle across the middle sustains it in
an upright position. Mr. Bates further adds that the wing-cells, at least in the hind
Wings, are closed by perfect tubular nervules; but we are not satisfied that this is
always the case, for the lower discocellular, in not a few instances, appears to be
atrophied in some part of its length.

The two subfamilies may be further distinguished as follows :—

Tibie of anterior legs without leaf-like appendage; lower discocellular of
primaries placed at an angle to the median (except in some Dismorphia) ;
claws of alllegs bifid . . . . 2... 1... ee) CPreria.

Tibiz of anterior legs furnished with leaf-like appendage; lower discocellular
of primaries in a line with the median ; claws simple (except in ?
Leptocercus) . 2. 1 6 6 ee ee ew ee ew ee ew es) PAPILIONING.

Subfam. PLERINA.

An examination of the American Pierine has convinced us that Dismorphia and its
allies are widely separated from the rest of the subfamily. . Making allowance for the
great modification of the shape of the wings due to the mimetic forms assumed by so
many of the species, there remain characters in the wing-neuration, and especially in
the structure of the male secondary organs, which point to their complete separation.
We propose therefore to divide the subfamily into two groups. |

Group PIERINA.

Subcostal nervure of primaries two- or three-branched; tegumen of the male with a
single central rod.

A. Terminal joint of the palpi more or less elongated in both sexes.

A. Second subcostal branch of the primaries emitted. near the apex.

PEREUTE.
Pereute, Herr.-Schiffer, Prodr. Syst. Lep. ii. p. 6 (1867); Butler, Cist. Ent. i. pp. 34, 55.
This is a widely ranging Neotropical genus containing eight or nine species, of which
two are found in our country—one being the common P. charops, which spreads from
Southern Mexico to Peru, &c., and is found in the mountainous districts of all the

* See Mr. Bates’s “ Contributions to an Insect-Fauna of the Amazons Valley,” Journ. Ent. i. p. 218.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1889. Q

114 RHOPALOCERA.

intermediate region; the other is restricted to the Volcan de Chiriqui. The South-
American species are chiefly Andean, but two or three are found in South-eastern Brazil.

The subcostal nervure of the primaries of Pereute (P. charops) emits two branches, one
before and the other a long way beyond the end of the cell; the upper radial meets
the subcostal some way beyond the end of the cell, thus there is no upper discocellular ;
the middle discocellular makes a large obtuse angle, both with the subcostal and with
the lower discocellular, which meets the median at nearly a right angle. The upper
discocellular of the hind wings meets the subcostal a short way beyond the origin of
the first branch ; the lower discocellular the median a little nearer the origin of the
second branch, the median side of the cell being quite double that of the costal side.
The antenne have forty-nine joints, of which about eleven form a long tapering club.
The palpi are densely hairy, having the terminal joint long and slender, tapering, except
just at the tip, where it is slightly thickened ; the middle joint is about half the length
of the basal joint. The eyes are smooth. The tibia and tarsus in all the legs are
spinous, especially on the under surface ; the basal portion of the femur is setose. The
harpagones of the secondary male organs are simple lobes slightly setose on the outer
surface, the somewhat undulating terminal edge meeting the dorsal edge nearly ata right
angle, the tegumen has a single central pointed rod; the bursa copulatrix of the
female appears to be without any spinous patch.

1. Pereute charops.

Euterpe charops, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i. p. 407, t. 18. f. 1’.

Pereute charops, Butler & Druce, P. Z.8. 1874, p. 8577.

Euterpe marina, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 34, t. 5. f. 2%.

Euterpe swainsom, Reak. Pr. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 346 *.

Alis fusco-nigris, squamis griseis diffusis, in anticis intra cellulam et inter venas marginem externum versus,
lituris plus minusve distinctis formantibus ; linea angusta costali usque ad cellule finem extensa flava:
subtus fuscis ; anticis linea costali flava ut supra, fascia obliqua lata venis divisa per cellule finem ad
marginem externum eunte, flava; posticis linea arcuata a cost basi angulum apicalem versus, et macula
elongata supra eam coloris ejusdem : antennis flavo-albis, pedibus griseis.

Q alis fuscis, anticis linea angusta costali a basi ad cellule finem flava, fascia obliqua lata venis divisa ad

cellule finem ad marginem externum extensa coccinea ; subtus ut supra, sed alis pallidioribus et posticis
flavo notatis sicut in mari.

Hab. Mexico '*, Jalapa (Hoge), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Chiapas (Zettling +); Guate-
MALA, Duefias, Polochic and Central valleys (F. D. G.& 0. S.), Panima, Las Mercedes, San
Geronimo (Champion); Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba

Volcan de Chiriqui, Pefia Blanca (Champion), Chiviqui (Arcé).—VENEZUELA ; ECUADOR ;
EASTERN PERU.

A very abundant upland species occurring from Southern Mexico southwards through
Central America to Venezuela and Peru. The males vary slightly in the extent and
density of the grey markings of the upper surface of the wings; we also note that in

PEREUTE.—LEODONTA. 115

some of our male examples from Merida in Venezuela the band of the primaries
beneath is almost wholly red as in the female, these are associated with males of the
ordinary type in which the band is wholly yellow. Again, in an example from the
Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta the band in question is orange, thus showing that there
exists a gradual passage from one form to the other. Examples from Ecuador and
Peru are of the normal type, but the hind wings are perhaps a trifle darker.

The female was first figured by Boisduval! under the name of Huterpe charops ; sub-
sequently the male was figured by Doubleday and Hewitson® as EL. marina, but the
relationship of the two was recognized in the text of their work.

2. Pereute cheops.
Pereute cheops, Staud. Ex. Schmett. p. 23°.

P, charopi similis, sed posticis subtus maculis basalibus coccineis notatis.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (£72566 ').

We have but a single female example of this species, sent us by Dr. Staudinger.
There can be no doubt that the species is distinct from P. charops, to which it bears
the same relationship that P. leucodrosime does to P. callinice of Felder. Its range
appears to be restricted to the slopes of the Volcano of Chiriqui.

LEODONTA.
Leodonia, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. pp. 384, 55 (1870). .

This is an Andean genus containing about six species, only one of which enters our
country, reaching as far north as the mountains of Costa Rica.

In general structure this genus resembles Pereute, having the same wing-neuration,
and showing no material difference in the secondary male appendages. The wings,
however, have a different outline and carry a strong marginal prominence both on the
primaries and secondaries. The female has a well-defined chitinous patch in the bursa
copulatrix, rounded at each end and constricted in the middle, and covered with strong
spinous papilla; we have not found any such structure in Pereute.

1. Leodonta chiriquensis. (Zuterpe zenobina, Tab. LIX. figg. 5, 6.)
Pereute chiriquensis, Staud. Ex. Schmett. p. 23, t. 15°.

Alis nigris, anticis plaga subtriangulari infra cellulam, ad marginem internum latiore, lactescenti-albis,
macula in cellula, duabus ultra eam serieque submarginali, coloris ejusdem ; posticis dimidio basali lactes-
centi-albis ad basin et extrorsum marginem internum versus griseo tinctis, maculis ad marginem ipsum
intra venus albis: subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed dilutioribus, maculis ad apicem et in costa ultra
cellulam flavis; posticis rufescenti-fuscis, fascia arcuata discali irregulari venis divisa per cellule finem
transeunte flava, macula coloris ejusdem ad cost basin, duabus coccineis prope eam, linea irregulari
exteriore obsoleta maculisque ad marginem squamorum flavorum.

Q 2

116 ' RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui
(Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).

We have many specimens of this species from Costa Rica as well as the State of
Panama which we referred at one time to the Peruvian L. zenobina of Hopffer, a
species closely allied to LZ. zenobia, except that the secondaries of the former have a
series of marginal white spots between the nervules. JL. chiriquensis, however, differs
from L. zenobina in the greater width of the whitish band of the primaries, and the
more irregular inner edge of the dark margin of the secondaries ; the spots, too, towards
the apex of the primaries are more isolated. Like its congeners it is an upland species,
Mr. Champion’s specimens from the Volcan de Chiriqui having been taken at an eleva-
tion of between 4000 and 6000 feet above the level of the sea.

We have figured a specimen from the slopes of the Volcan de Irazu.

B. Second subcostal branch of the primaries emitted near the end of the cell.

CATASTICTA.
Catasticta, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. pp. 34, 55 (1870).

The metropolis of this genus is the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia, where probably
not less than fifty species are found. The genus is fairly represented in our region by
ten species, which are distributed over the whole country from Southern Mexico to
Panama. Generally speaking, the different species inhabit the upland forests, and may
sometimes be found congregating in some numbers: they settle on or near the ground,
and are rather sluggish in their habits. - ;

The subcostal nervure of the primaries emits three branches—the first some way
before the end of the cell, the second at the end, and the third near the apex. The
lower and middle discocellulars are subequal ; the subcostal and median sides of the cell
are subequal ; the upper radial meets the subcostal at about the same distance from the
second branch as the second is from the first. The discocellulars of the secondaries are
almost equal and in a straight line. The antenne have about thirty joints, and
terminate with rather an abrupt club. The palpiare very hairy anteriorly ; the terminal
joint is slender and slightly constricted in the middle—it is shorter than the second
joint, which again is shorter than the basal one. The eyes are smooth. The secon-
dary male sexual organs have the harpagones simple lobes, setose on the outer surface
and rounded at the end, on the ventral edge near the base is a strong spine directed
outwards ; the tegumen has a short stout central terminal point. The bursa copulatrix
of the female has an oval patch thickly set with short chitinous spinous papille, the
edges of this patch seem to be turned inwards. This female character seems to vary
in different species: in C. sisamnus it is as we have described it, while in C. teutila it
is oval and constricted in the middle, and thus resembles that of Leodonta.

‘CATASTICTA, 117

a. Sexes alike.

1. Catasticta flisa. 7
Euterpe flisa, Herr.-Schiiff. Aussereur. Schmett. p- 54, ff. 93,94 (ex Boisd. MS.) *.
Euterpe arechiza, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 2447.
Catasticta arechiza, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 357°.
Euterpe bithys, Reak. Pr. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 345 (nec Hiibn.) *.

Alis fusco-nigris, fascia maculosa communi a costa anticarum ultra cellulam ad medium marginis posti-
carum interni albida, maculis exterioribus in serie submarginali et interdum aliis minutis ad marginem
posticarum coloris ejusdem: subtus brunnescentioribus, anticis fascia et maculis majoribus, punctis qui-
busdam ad apicem et ad marginem ipsum flavis ; posticis fascia albida flavo maculata, punctis tribus prope
basin aliisque minutis in serie duplici exteriore in margine ipso quoque flavis, maculis duabus ad basin
coccineis,

2 mari similis, sed maculis majoribus et fascia posticarum ad costam et ad marginem internum flavo tincta.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca (Fenochio), Omilteme, Xucumanatlan (H. H. Smith), Jalapa,
Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli); Guaremata, San Geronimo, Polochic valley,
Duehas (FP. D. G. & O. S.), Balheu, Duefias, Cerro Zunil (Champion); Nicaragua
(Zetiling 4); Costa Rica (Van Patten®), Cache (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé),
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—CoLomBia ; VENEZUELA; Ecuapor.

It is to this species that the name Euterpe teutila of Doubleday has been frequently
but erroneously applied, but this point was settled by Mr. Butler in 1874, after
examining the type. At the same time Herrich-Schaffer, in figuring it in 1852,
employed Boisduval’s MS. name lisa, distinctly stating that it was not teutéila of
Doubleday. The next question that arises is whether the more northern specimens
which we trace as far south as Ecuador are really separable from C. bithys of Hiibner
from Southern Brazil, the two forms being obviously very closely allied. We trace
slight differences, which, taken together, seem sufficient to justify the two forms being
considered, as heretofore, distinct. These consist in the absence in C. bithys of the
discal spots of the secondaries in the male, and in the marginal spots in the same wings —
of the female being yellow instead of white; the cellular band has no yellow spot at
either end in the Brazilian insect ; the outer margin of the primaries, too, is hardly, if
at all concave. Seeing that Herrich-Schaffer adopted Boisduval’s MS. name C. Jlisa
for the present species, and gave an excellent figure of it, this name must clearly super-
sede Reakirt’s title EL. arechiza, published in 1866, though Messrs. Butler and Druce
employ the latter name. .

There is considerable variation as regards the transverse band of the upper surface
of the wings in the males of this species. This especially affects Guatemalan examples,
in some of which this band is almost obsolete ; specimens from Costa Rica, the State
of Panama, and South America agree very closely with the typical Mexican insect.
Like the last it is a common upland species throughout our region, and its habits are
similar.

118 RHOPALOCERA.

2. Catasticta nimbice.

Euterpe nimbice, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i. p. 409’; Doubl. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 34, t. 5. f.1°; Reak. Pr,
Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 845 *.

Alis fuscis, fascia maculosa communi a costa anticarum ultra cellulam ad marginem internum posticarum
straminea, macula ad cellule finem, serie submarginali communi punctorum coloris ejusdem: subtus fere
ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis apicem versus albicantibus, marginibus anticarum et area tota posticarum
flavo maculatis, his punctis stramineis discalibus absentibus, maculis duabus ad basin posticarum
coccineis.

9 mari similis, sed fascia maculisque paginew superioris flavis, subtus quoque flavescentioribus.

Hab. Mexico 1, Xucumanatlan (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes, F. D. G., H. H.
Smith), Pinal near Puebla (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimelt), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Chiapas
(Zettling >).

This species of Catasticta seems confined to Southern Mexico, its place being taken
in Guatemala, Costa Rica, and the State of Panama by the two following closely allied
forms. From both of these the male may at once be distinguished by the dark colour
of the base of the wings, which in the primaries embraces nearly the whole of the cell.

C. nimbice is found in mountainous districts up to an altitude of 8000 feet.

3. Catasticta ochracea. (Futerpe ochracea, Tab. LIX. figg. 11,12 ¢, 132.)
Euterpe ochracea, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 31°.

C. nimbice similis, sed area alarum interna (preter venis) ochracea, maculis submarginalibus majoribus ; subtus
alis dilutioribus et colore ochracea latiore.
© femine C. nimbice persimilis. |
Hab. GuateMata, Duefias, Central valleys, Chisoy and Polochic valleys, Tablelands
(fF. D. G. & O. S.1), Senahu, Panima (Champion).

This is the Guatemala form of C. nimbice, occurring throughout the central part of
that country at elevations of 3000 feet and upwards. The male may be readily
distinguished from that sex of C. nimbice by the ochraceous colour occupying nearly
the whole of the cell of the primaries, as well as the space below it between the median
and submedian nervures.

_ We have figured type specimens, the male from Duefias, the female from Central
Guatemala.

4, Catasticta bryson, sp. n.
Catasticta ochracea et nimbice, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 3577.

C. numbice quoque similis, sed C. ochracee proxima, maculis posticarum submarginalibus majoribus, fascia
ochracea fere confluentibus ; subtus colore ochracea superante.
@ mari similis, sed alis multo pallidioribus.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten!), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Veraguas, Chiriqui
(Arcé).

CATASTICTA. 119

This is the Costa Rican and Panama form of C. nimbice, but more closely allied to
C. ochracea than to that species; it resembles C. ochracea in the extent of the ochre
colour of the wings, but the submarginal spots of the secondaries are considerably
larger, that between the subcostal nervure and its branch joining the ochre band. The
female differs from the same sex of C. ochracea even more than the male, the pale
yellow band of the secondaries extending to the base of the wing, and the submarginal
spots being very large.

The sexes of this species appear in Messrs. Butler and Druce’s list of Costa-Rican
butterflies as C. ochracea and C. nimbice, but it is not evident to which sex the names
apply, nor is the question now of any moment.

Besides Van Patten’s specimens, we. have several others from Mr. Rogers, but only
two from the district of Chiriqui, where the species would appear less common.

5. Catasticta theresa. (Euterpe theresa, Tab. LIX. fig. 14.)
Catasticta theresa, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 3587.

Alis fuscis; anticis litura elongata in cellula, altera subtriangulari infra eam (ramis medianis divisa) et
maculis apicem propioribus, ochraceis ; posticis dimidio basali (preter basin ipsam) venis divisa quoque
ochraceis, maculis duabus exterioribus attingentibus aliisque minoribus marginem versus coloris ejusdem :
subtus fere ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis punctis submarginalibus, maculis duabus cellule finem
propioribus aliisque elongatis in margine ipso, albescentibus; posticis linea bene angulata ad marginem
externum grisea, in margine ipso maculis sex aut septem flavis, aliisque per aream totam diffusis.

? mari similis, sed colore alarum ochraceo magis restricto et flavescentiore, alis subtus omnino pallidioribus.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé).

This species was described by Messrs, Butler and Druce from a single male example
which formed part of Van Patten’s Costa-Rican collection. We have since received
others of both sexes from the same country from Mr. Rogers. In the neighbourhood
of Chiriqui it appears to be a common species, as a good series of examples have been
sent us from that country.

We have figured a specimen from Chiriqui.

6. Catasticta sisamnus,

Papilio sisamnus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 44°.

Euterpe sisamnus, But]. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 211 ”.

Euterpe telasco, Lucas, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 290°.

Euterpe pitana, Feld. Reise d. Nov. Lep. p. 157, t. 23. ff. 9, 10 *.

Catasticta sisamnus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 858 (partim) °.

Alis nigris, fascia communi lata venis divisa a costa prope cellule finem anticarum ad marginem internum
posticarum alba, anticis maculis duabus (interdum tribus) ultra cellulam serieque punctorum submarginali
(interdum aliis ad marginem ipsum) coloris ejusdem ; posticis punctis sex in margine externo aliisque
interioribus (nonnunquam obsoletis), albis: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus, maculis omnibus majoribus
et cum fascia flavo tinctis,

mari similis, sed fascia pagine superioris flava (interdum alba flavo tincta), subtus omnino flavescenti-
oribus.

120 RHOPALOCERA.

_ Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten®), Cache (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui
(Champion).—CotomBia to Bo.ivia. | :

We have a specimen of this species from Peru which we have compared and found
to agree with the type of H. telasco in the Paris Museum ; this does not differ from a
large series of males in our collection from Costa Rica and the State of Panama. We
should employ this name of Lucas were it not practically certain that Fabricius’s title
P. sisamnus is applicable to the same species, as Mr. Butler has already been at-some
pains to demonstrate. Judging from Felder’s figure, EZ. pitana is also a synonym of the
same insect.

The male specimens are very constant in their markings, and may be distinguished
from the species which follows by the broad black margin to the secondaries, which
reaches to the end of the cell and has a sharply defined inner edge. The females vary
as to the colour of the common band of the wings: in the majority of cases this is
yellow, in others it is white, and we can trace a gradual transition from one into the
other. |

LE. sisamnus occurs at a lower elevation than most of its congeners, and we have an
example from the Isthmus of Panama taken at only a little above the sea-level. We
have a pair of this species taken together by Mr. Rogers in Costa Rica.

7. Catasticta hegemon, sp. n. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 21, 22 3, 23, 249.)
Catasticta sisamnus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 358 (partim)’.

C. sisamno similis, sed fascia communi paging superioris latiore et in posticis ad marginem externum multo
magis extensa,

© mari similis, vix flavo tincta.
Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Veraguas, Chiriqui (Arcé), Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion).—Co.LomBia ; Ecvapor. |

We have specimens of both sexes of this species, and there can be little doubt but
that it is specifically distinct from E. sisamnus, for not only are the discal spots of both
wings larger, but those of the secondaries are confluent with the transverse band; the
outer margin is thus very much narrower, and its inner edge is very irregular, almost
serrate. The female is very similar to the male; and so far as our specimens go the
central band is white and not yellow, as in the majority of that sex in the allied
form,

We have figured a male and female from Costa Rica.

8. Catasticta cerberus, sp.n. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 19, 203.)

alis fuliginosis, fascia communi (in anticis in maculas divisa) a costa ultra cellulam anticarum ad marginem
internum posticarum albida, macula (fere obsoleta) ad cellule anticarum finem, serie communi submar-
ginali et posticis maculis ad marginem ipsum coloris ejusdem: subtus anticis fere ut supra, maculis
submarginalibus majoribus aliisque quinquelineatis plerumque croceis in margine ipso, posticis fascia

CATASTICTA. 121

mediana per cellulam, venis divisa, altera submarginali extrorsum profunde serrata venis quoque divisa,
maculis in margine ipso triangularibus aliisque ad basin albidis, lineolis inter venas, una elongata in
cellula et maculisque costalibus, croceis. .

3 adhuc ignotus.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

We have a single female specimen of this species, which is distinct from anything
known to us. Perhaps its nearest ally is H. tomyris of Felder, but the distinctions are
obvious, as may be seen by comparing the figures.

6. Sexes dissimilar.

9. Catasticta teutila.

Euterpe teutila, Doubl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 386'.

Euterpe sebennica, Luc. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 294°; Herr.-Schaff. Aussereur. Schmett. p. 54,
ff. 89-92 °.

Euterpe eudoica, Reak. Pr. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 345 *.

Alis nigris, fascia obliqua venis divisa a costa ad cellule anticarum finem, ad marginis interni posticarum
medium, serieque punctorum marginali albidis: subtus pallidioribus fascia communi latiore, anticis punctis
exterioribus albis majoribus aliisque quinque elongatis ad marginem ipsum, plerumque flavis ; posticis
costa ad venam costalem alba, ad marginem externum punctis sex aut septem elongatis, serieque interiore
angulatis, aliisque variis basin versus, flavis.

@ mari similis, sed fascia communi multo latiore et aurantiaca (nec albida), punctis discalibus absentibus ;
subtus maculis omnibus majoribus et aurantiacis (nec flavis).

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Amecameca (F. D. G.), Cuesta de Misantla
(F. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Jalapa (H. J. Elwes, F. D. G., Hoge), Oaxaca
(Fenochio); GuateMaALa, Duefias, Volcan de Fuego, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. 8.),
Los Altos (0. S.), Duefias, San Lucas (Champion) ; Honpuras (Zettling 4); Costa Rica,
Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé, Zahn).

Mr. Butler has explained how this name of Doubleday’s became associated with the
species we refer to C. flisa, Bdv. (P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 357), and we have no doubt as to the
correctness of his view. ‘The titie C. teutila, therefore, however much we may regret
the circumstance, must supplant Jucas’s name £. sebennica, which was given five years
later. Both types were sent from Mexico.

The species appears to be fairly constant in its markings throughout its range; we
notice, however, that females from Costa Rica have the orange band rather wider than
in the typical Mexican form, but the difference is not material.

_ C. teutila is an upland species, common in all the mountainous regions of Mexico
and Central America. In Guatemala we used to find it in the second-growth woods of
the Volcan de Fuego at an altitude of 6000 or 7000 feet above the sea, and Mr. Cham-
pion took it on the Volcan de Chiriqui between 4000 and 6000 feet. Where the species
occurs individuals are usually found in considerable numbers, and are easily captured,
being of a sluggish habit.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1889. R

122 RHOPALOCERA.

10. Catasticta actinotis, (Euterpe actinotis, Tab. LIX. figg. 7, 84, 9,102.)

Catasticta actinotis, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 80°; Lep. Ex. p. 117, t. 43. f. 6°; Butl. & Druce, P.Z.S.
1874, p. 358 *.

Catasticta potamea, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 858 (nec Felder) *.

Alis nigro-fuscis, lituris, inter cellulam et venas, extrorsum radiantibus olivaceis, anticis serie punctorum
coloris ejusdem marginem externum subparalleli: subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed apicem versus maculis
quibusdam purpureo-albidis et margine ipso maculis septem flavis notatis; posticis maculis griseis venis
divisis margini externo subparallelibus, altera fere obsoleta per cellule finem, macula elongata flava ad
cellule finem in costam, altera infra eam, sex aut septem minoribus in margine ipso, aliisque per aream
internam coloris ejusdem, maculis duabus ad basin coccineis.

@ alis fuscis, anticis plaga magna venis nigris divisa per cellule finem et infra eam, angulum analem versus
extendente, flava: subtus plaga ut supra, punctis septem exterioribus totidemque in margine ipso flavis ;
posticis macula in costa aliisque minoribus per totam aream diffusis flavis, posticis maculis coccineis ad
basin sicut in mari.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten'?), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui
(Arcé, Champion).

This species is allied to E. potamea of Felder, under which name the male appeared
in Butler and Druce’s list of Costa-Rican butterflies; but we have no doubt that it is
the male of the remarkable insect described and figured by the same authors as
Catasticta actinotis. We have now a good series of maies and three females from the
above localities.

ARCHONIAS.
Archonias, Hiibner, Zutr. iii. p. 19, ff. 461, 462; Kirby, Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 429 (partim).
Euterpe, Swainson, Zool. Il. ser. 2, ii. pl. 74; Doubl. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 33 (partim); Butl. Cist.
Ent. 1. pp. 34, 55.

Structurally this genus differs very little from Catasticta, but the wings are more
rounded at the apex, and the second subcostal branch of the primaries is emitted a little
beyond the end of the cell. In their coloration, however, its members have a very
different pattern, some resembling Papilionide, such as Papilio mylotes, others.
certain forms of Heliconine, Ithomiine, &c. These latter, of which 4. eurytele is a
characteristic species, differ from the former in having the middle discocellular of
the primaries much shorter than the lower, the latter meeting the median much nearer
the origin of the second branch.

Altogether the genus itself is strictly a neotropical one, extending from the province
of Tabasco southward over the whole of Tropical America.

It contains about thirteen or fourteen species, of which four are found within our region.

1. Archonias approximata.
Euterpe approximata, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 174°.
Alis fuliginosis, anticis macula ad cellule finem, altera infra eam, albis; posticis plaga ultra cellulam venis

divisa et marginem internum versus extendente, coccinea: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis macula
ad cellule finem flavida, posticis plaga pagine superioris rosea, puncto interiore ad marginem internum,

ARCHONTAS. 123

aliisque minoribus in margine externo quoque flavidis, punctis duobus basalibus coccineis aliisque duobus
ad coste basin flavidis. ; .

2 mari similis, macula mediana anticarum flavicantiore, macula coccinea posticarum omnino majore, maculis
pagine inferioris flavidis saturatioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Rio Hondo (Blancaneauz) ;
GvaTEeMaLA, Polochic valley 1, Central valleys (F. D. G. & O. 8.), San Isidro, Mirandilla,
Zapote, Panima (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten),
Cache (Rogers) ; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).

This is the northern representative of the Brazilian A. terias, its nearest ally being
the Colombian and Venezuelan A. critias of Felder; from this it differs in having the
discal spot of the secondaries wholly scarlet instead of partly rose-colour and partly
white. In its general coloration it resembles Papilio mylotes, a species distributed over
pretty much the same area; it is also like the form of Heliconius doris, which has red
on the inner area of the secondaries.

A. approximata is widely distributed from the Mexican State of Tabasco to the State
of Panama, and is everywhere more or less common. It inhabits the low-lying hot
districts up to an elevation of about 5000 feet. It was described by Mr. Butler from
a specimen from the valley of the Polochic river, presented by us to the British
Museum.

2. Archonias dismorphites. (Euterpe diamorphitis, Tab. LIX. fige. 1, 2.)
Euterpe dismorphites, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 80+; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 357”.

@ alis anticis fusco-nigris, serie punctorum submarginalium, ad apicem majoribus, altera interiore macu-
lisque duabus intra cellulam, flavis, margine interno ipso et litura supra eum rubidis; posticis testaceo-
rubidis, plaga costali elongata et margine externo nigricantibus, hoc punctis submarginalibus flavis ornatis :
subtus fere ut supra, sed dilutioribus, maculis omnibus majoribus, posticis punctis submarginalibus albis
(nec flavis) notatis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten ' 2).

A single female example, which formed part of Van Patten’s Costa-Rican collection,
and served as the type of Messrs. Butler and Druce’s description, is still the only
specimen of the species with which we are acquainted, and is the one we now figure.
It as well as the two following species are all allied to A. eurytele of Colombia and
Ecuador; they all resemble in their style of coloration such species as Heliconius for-
mosus, Eucides vulgiformis, Eresia nigripennis, Ithomeis imitatrix, Enantia deione, &e.,
which inhabit the same districts.

3. Archonias lyceas, sp. n.
A. dismorphiti similis, sed area interna posticarum et litura ad marginem internum anticarum rufo-aurantiacis
(nec testaceo-rubidis), margine posticarum externo nigro introrsum magis serrato; subtus ut supra, sed
dilutioribus et posticis punctis submarginalibus albis.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

124 RHOPALOCERA.

We have two male specimens only of this species, both taken by Mr. Champion at
Bugaba. The differences between these examples and the type of A. dismorphites are
pointed out above, but it is possible that they are due to the differences of sex, though
we hardly think so.

4. Archonias nigrescens. (Euterpe nigrescens, Tab. LIX. figg. 8, 4.)
Euterpe nigrescens, Salv. & Godm. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, ii. p. 1497.

A, dismorphiti quoque similis, sed anticis litura in cellula, altera submediana, angulum analem versus furcata,
ferrugineis, posticis area interna (preter venis) coloris ejusdem ; subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, area distali
nigro reticulata et punctis submarginalibus albis notatis.

Hab. Guatemaa, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.1), Mirandilla (Champion).

This species likewise is only known to us from two examples: the first, which we
now figure, was sent us by one of our collectors from the Polochic valley; the second
was taken by Mr. Champion at Mirandilla, on the Pacific slope of the Volcan de Fuego,
at an elevation of about 1600 feet above the sea. 4

In the distribution of the black markings on the secondaries this species resembles
A, eurytele more than either of the two preceding, but the border is wider, and beneath
the large costal spot is completely united to the black outer border, and the primaries
on the upper surface have the rusty colour more restricted.

EUCHEIRA.
Eucheira, Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. i. p. 38, t. 6 (1836).

The single species of this genus has much the appearance of a Catasticta, but, besides
the peculiarity of its habits described below, it has many important points of structural
difference. ‘The subcostal of the primaries emits two branches before the end of the
cell and one beyond it: there is a distinct upper discocellular in the male, so that the
upper radial does not directly join the subcostal; in the female it does so, and the
upper discocellular is absent. The second and third joints of the palpi together are
shorter than the basal joint; the terminal joint is rather slender, subcylindrical, and
shorter than the second joint. The antenne have a very distinct club. ‘The secondary
male organs do not materially differ from those of Catasticta, the harpagones being
simple lobes and the tegumen bearing a short blunt central spine.

The bursa copulatrix of the female has no spiny chitinous patch.

1, Eucheira socialis.
Eucheira sociahs, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. i. p. 38, t. 6’; Staud. Ex. Schmett. p. 26, t. 16°.

Alis fuscis, anticis margine costali et macula in cellula albidis, fascia communi maculosa ultra cellulam, a
costa anticarum ad marginem internum posticarum, serieque punctorum marginibus propioribus, coloris
ejusdem: subtus multo dilutioribus. anticis maculis omnibus majoribus, striga ad cellula basin albida;
posticis maculis fere obsoletis.

EUCHEIRA.—HESPEROCHARIS. 125

Hab. Mexico}, Guanajuato (Boucard), Amecameca (Ff. D. G.).

This appears to be a common insect in Mexico, inhabiting the upland oak-districts,
where it lives in societies. Its nest, as described by Prof. J. O. Westwood, is so
peculiar that we here transcribe his account of it. He says:—‘ The nest of this insect
is of firm texture, not much unlike very thick parchment, which it also resembles in
colour. It is about eight inches long, of a somewhat oval form, narrowed at the top for
about three inches into a kind of neck, and attached to a slender branch, without the
power of swinging backwards and forwards, in consequence of its being built at the
junction of a twig which runs down the neck of the nest. The lower part of the neck
is a little produced, and is terminated by a circular orifice about two thirds of an inch in
diameter. On examining the texture of the nest with a very high-powered lens, it is
found to be ‘composed of an infinity of shining and very slender silken lines crossing each
other in every direction: from the strength of its texture, therefore, the labour employed
in its construction must be very great. On the whole, this nest has much the appearance
of some of the Paper-making Wasps’ nests, such as Vespa chartaria. On making a
longitudinal incision from the bottom of the nest a remarkable appearance presented
itself, not fewer than a hundred chrysalides being attached both to its inner surface,
occupying the upper half of the dome of the nest, and to the lower part of the twig
descending through its neck. The nest is therefore the pendent habitation of the social
caterpillars of a species of butterfly, and is, in fact, the most perfectly formed nest of
any Lepidopterous insect yet described.”

HESPEROCHARIS.
Hesperocharis, Felder, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. p. 498.

Hesperocharis is a genus containing a limited number of species, which, again, are
sparingly represented by individuals; these affect mountainous districts from Southern
Mexico to Chili and the Argentine Republic. About twenty species of the genus are
known, of which six inhabit our region.

The subcostal nervure of the primaries of H. marchali emits one branch before the
end of the cell and two close to the apex. The middle and upper discocellulars are
short and subequal. The antenne are but slightly thickened towards the end (more
distinctly clubbed in H. costaricensis and H. crocea). The palpi are covered in front
with very long hairs ; the terminal joint is rather slender and clavate, about the same
length as the second, and both considerably shorter than the basal joint. ‘The harpa-
gones are simple lobes, rounded at the extremity with an internal lobe; the tegumen
besides the terminal hook or claw has a blunt projection on either side directed
forwards and slightly upwards.

The female of H. costaricensis has a spinous patch similar to that of Catasticta; it
appears to be elongate oval, but with hardly any median constriction.

126 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Hesperocharis graphites. (Tab. LX. figg. 1, 2.)
Hesperocharis graphites, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i, p. 32°.

Alis sulphureis, anticis maculis duabus ad cellule finem, una in costa, altera in vena radiali, apice et margine
externo anguste fusco limbato, linea irregulari angulata interiore margini externo subparalleli; posticis ad
angulum analem denticulatis et venis omnibus ad marginem externum nigro tinctis: subtus anticis in
cellula croceis, maculis et lineis ad apicem et cellule finem ut in pagina superiore, aliisque in margine
ipso nigris; posticis lineis variis undulatis vel angulatis transvittatis, maculisque quinque in cellula
coloris ejusdem.

Hab. GuatEMALa, Central valleys (F. D. G. & 0. 8.1); Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (Rogers) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). oo

A single specimen, obtained by us in the interior of Guatemala, formed the basis of
Mr. Bates’s description, and this is the only Guatemalan example we have seen. Our
other specimens are from Costa Rica and the State of Panama; these are of a rather
brighter yellow colour than the type, and the submarginal band of lunules on the
primaries, both above and below, is rather nearer the margin itself. Like its congeners
it isa mountain species; our specimen was taken at upwards of 3000 feet above the
sea, and one of Mr. Champion’s at a similar elevation in the State of Panama. We
figure the type from Guatemala.

2. Hesperocharis avivolans.
Pieris avivolans, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1865, p. 457, t. 26. £. 4.

H. graphiti similis, anticis colore fusco marginis externi latiore, posticis maculis nigris in venis ad marginem
externum majoribus; subtus anticis in cellula minus croceis, lineisque omnibus in alis ambabus latioribus.

Hab. Mexico1, Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Amecameca (F. D. @.), mountains of
Oaxaca (Fenochio).

This is the Mexican form of H. graphites, from which it differs in the greater amount
of black towards the outer margin and the apex of the primaries. It was described by
Mr. Butler from a Mexican specimen in the British Museum. We have several from

the same country, showing it is a highland species, ranging to an elevation of 8000 or
9000 feet.

3. Hesperocharis costaricensis. (Tab. LX. fige. 3, 4.)
Hesperocharis costaricensis, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. iii. p. 49’; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 357°.

Alis flavescenti-albis, anticis ad apicem ipsum vix rufo limbatis; subtus anticis, costa et apice cum area:

tota posticarum pallide ochraceis, his lineis obsoletis fuscis, marginem externum prope valde angulatis,
variegatis.
mari similis, sed alis flavescentioribus.

Hab. Costa Rica (Carmiol1, Van Patten 2), Cache (fogers), Panama, Chiriqui (Zahn),.
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).— VENEZUELA.

The original specimen, described by Mr. Bates, was sent us from Costa Rica by the

HESPEROCHARIS. 127

bird collector Julian Carmiol, others were subsequently obtained in the same country
by Van Patten and Rogers, and we have since traced it through the State of Panama
to the neighbourhood of Merida in the highlands of Venezuela. It apparently belongs
to the more upland districts, Mr. Champion’s specimen having been taken at an eleva-
tion of from 3000 to 4000 feet above the sea. |

fH. costaricensis is allied to H. marchali, from which it differs in the absence of the
black apical markings of the primaries, the less obvious markings on the secondaries
beneath, and also on the apex of the primaries. We figure the type from Costa Rica.

4. Hesperocharis pasion.
Pieris pasion, Reak. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 336°.

Alis cretaceo-albis, immaculatis ; subtus quoque albis.
Q alis lacteis, anticis ad apicem ipsum vix fusco limbatis; subtus venis bene indicatis, anticis ad apicem et
area tota posticarum ochraceo lavatis et lineis angulatis obsoletis transnotatis.

Hab. Mexico, Venta de Zopilote (H. H. Smith), near Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards’),
Cordova (Riimelt).

Two specimens from Cordova we believe to be referable to the species described by
Reakirt as Pieris pasion, and with these we associate a somewhat imperfect male from
Venta de Zopilote in the State of Guerrero. The latter is immaculate white both on
the upper and under surface of the wings, and in this respect differs from its nearest
ally H. costaricensis. The females have the neuration just perceptibly traced in pale
dusky.

5. Hesperocharis antipater. (Tab. LIX. fig. 16.)
Hesperocharis antipater, Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 285°.

Alis lacteis, anticis ad apicem et posticis elongatis venis vix indicatis, subtus fere ut supra.

Hab. GuateMaa, Choctum (Ff. D. G. & O. S.1).

The single specimen sent us by our correspondent Mr. Hague from Guatemala,
which was described by Mr. Druce, is the only one we have as yet met with of this
distinct species. It is a male, and allied, as Mr. Druce says, to H. Jeucania and also to
H. anguitia. The elongated wings are characteristic, and it thus differs from all its
congeners.

6. Hesperocharis crocea. (Tab. LIX. fig. 15.)

Hesperocharis crocea, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. iii. p. 49 (Aug. 1866)'; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S.
1874, p. 3577.

Pieris leonoris, Reak. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 336 (Nov. 1866) *.

Alis citrinis, anticis ad apicem ipsum vix brunneo limbatis; posticis area exteriore plus minusve aurantiaca :
subtus anticis triente basali citrinis, ad apicem et area tota posticarum aurantiis, his macula ad basin
rami mediani primi et duabus in costa fuscis ornatis.

2 mari similis, sed posticis preter basin lete aurantiis.

128 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico, near Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards*), Cuesta de Misantla (M. Trujillo) ;
Costa Rica (Carmiol}, Van Patten®); Panama, Bugaba, Veraguas (Arcé), Chiriqui
( Trétsch).

It is to J. Carmiol that we are indebted for the first specimen, which we now figure,
of this species, that described by Mr. Bates; we have since received a small series of
examples, but the insect appears to be nowhere common, and Mr. Champion did not
meet with it. H. crocea and H. idiotica, Staud., stand alone in the genus Hesperocharis,
the characteristic markings of the wings beneath being absent. The Mexican specimens
which we have recently received agree closely with the type; the wings are slightly
more pointed, but the difference is unimportant. Should, however, they hereafter be
considered distinct, Reakirt’s name can be used for it.

PIERIS.
Pieris, Schrank, apud Boisduval, Spec. Gén. p. 484; Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 42.

Perrhybris, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 91.
Leptophobia, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1. p. 45.

In Mr. Butler’s arrangement of the Pierine the genus Pieris is restricted to a small
group having P. amathonte (Cr.) (= P. demophile) as its type, a species represented in
our region by P. calydonia, Bdv. It comes into his second division, having, it is said,
‘‘ four subcostal nervules in front wings.” In our nomenclature of the wing-nervures we
consider that the main wing-nervures, which have their origin at the base of the wings,
run out to the margin; we therefore count one branch of the subcostal less than |
Mr. Butler. According, then, to our view, P. calydonia has three subcostal branches,
but the third is so close to the margin of the wing as to be almost evanescent.
P. protodice and P. malenka also come into Mr. Butler’s Division 2; but in the former
the third subcostal branch is only present in the female and not in the male, and in
the latter it is absent in both sexes. Thus it seems to us that Mr. Butler’s system
breaks down. So also as regards the number of discoidal nervures (= radial). Mr.
Butler bases subdivisions on the presence of one or two such nervures in the primaries,
but in our opinion two are always present. And, lastly, as no mention is made of sexual
difference in the neuration, which is certainly present, in many instances often to a -
considerable extent, we find that Mr. Butler's revision of the genera of the subfamily of
Pierine cannot profitably be followed. |

Though we are unable to arrange this section of the Pierine upon Mr. Butler’s plan,
we have no thoroughly satisfactory system to put in its place; and this can only be based
on a complete revision of the whole subfamily. We therefore use the term Pieris in a
wide sense, and include in it all the species which have the distal margin of the harpa-
gones in more or less simple curves, reserving for Daptoneura those species in which
the ventral edge of the harpagones is prolonged into a slightly incurved rod.

PIERIS. 129

The subcostal nervure of P. calydonia emits two branches before the end of the cell
and one close to the apex, the upper radial meets the subcostal; thus there is no
upper discocellular. The middle discocellular is less than half the length of the lower ;
the costal side of the cell is shorter than the median side. The palpi have a long
slender terminal joint twice as long as the second joint, which is subelliptical and con-
siderably shorter than the basal joint. The barpagones are simple lobes without hooks
or projections of any kind, and the tegumen bears a strong central hook. ‘The bursa
copulatrix of the female has a fork-shaped spinous chitinous patch.

Pieris protodice differs from P. calydonia in that the second subcostal branch is
emitted slightly beyond the end of the cell, the male has no short third branch in the
apex, but avery short one is present in the female. This third branch is wholly
absent in P. malenka, but can be traced in all the other species mentioned below.
There is no material difference in the male secondary sexual organs, except that the
harpagones in P. josepha are rather more pointed at the extremity, and that the male
of P. monuste has a pair of subanal pencils of hairs.

Regarding the chitinous patch or patches of the bursa copulatrix of the females more
diversity prevails; those of P. notistriga and P. malenka resemble that of P. calydonia,
that of P. viardi consists of two rods lying side by side close together, while those of
P. protodice, P. josepha, and P. margarita are of a form not uncommon in Pierine,
being spinous rods rounded at their extremities and more or less constricted in the
middle. PP. elodia and P. tenuicornis appear to be altogether without these patches.

The species we here include in Pieris represent nearly all the groups found in South
America; the only one of northern type is P. protodice, which is common in Mexico,
and is found as far south as the highlands of Guatemala.

a. Subcostal nervure of primaries with two branches,

1. Pieris malenka. (Pieris alethina, Tab. LXII. fig. 12 2.)
Pieris malenka, Hew., Ex. Butt., Pieris, t. 1. ff. 5, 6’.
Mylothris malenka, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 38577.
Mylothris alethina, Butl. Cist. Ent. 1. p. 81°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 857+.
Perrhybris ostrolenka, Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 36°.

Alis albis, anticis dimidio basali cost et apice (introrsum profunde sinuato) nigro-fuscis: subtus anticis
fere ut supra sed dilutioribus, ad basin et ad apicem colore fusco flavo tincto; posticis fascia transversa a
margine interno ad cellule finem fusca, supra eam linea aurantiaca; fascia costam propiore, costa ipsa,
margine externo, cum venis omnibus ad fines extimos fuscis, colore albo vix flavo tincto.

Q alis pallide fuscis, anticis striga cellulari a basi (costam versus arcuata) altera subtus eam fulvis, fascia
subapicali maculosa flava, macula discali inter ramos medianos, altera angulum analem propiore flavis
fulvo tinctis ; posticis area interna fulva, apicem versus profunde trisinuata, fascia transversa indistincta
per cellule finem fusca: subtus fere ut supra, sed dilutioribus et posticis fascia submarginali apicem versus
in maculas elongatas fracta, pallide flava.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten? *); Panama, Chiriqui®,
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I1., October 1889. s

130 RHOPALOCERA.

Rio Gatun® (Ribbe), Tolé, San Feliz (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill Station
(Mf Leannan).—Cotompia ; VENEZUELA },

There is no perceptible difference that we can trace in the males of this insect, the
type of which, as well as that of the female, came from Venezuela; the females differ
considerably, but apparently without definite reference to locality. Thus we have a
female from Costa Rica hardly differing from the Venezuelan type, but in another
example from the same country, the type of Mr. Butler’s MW. alethina, the secondaries
are without the dark discal band; a female from Nicaragua has no black spot in the
primaries between the median vein and its second branch ; the base of these wings in
Chiriqui examples is almost wholly black, the inner margin being more or less edged
with rufous. The specimen, however, from San Feliz has a long cellular streak of that
colour, but this specimen was sent together with one of the ordinary Chiriqui type.
In pattern the females resemble Tithorea helicaon, Melinea scylax, &c.

In Ecuador, the Amazons valley, and South Brazil a close ally of P. malenka is
found in P. pyrrha, the males of which can be distinguished by having a broader
margin to the secondaries. The females, too, have a conspicuous yellow transverse
patch on the primaries. If P. malenka were divided according to the coloration of
the females alone the specimens before us would have to be separated into at least
five forms, a course which does not recommend itself to us, and we prefer to consider
the species a variable one.

The range of this butterfly extends from Nicaragua through Costa Rica to the State
of Panama, and thence to Northern Colombia and Venezuela. It is a lowland species,
occurring on the line of the Panama railway and elsewhere not much above the sea-
level. |

The female figured is from Chiriqui, and agrees with typical specimens of P. ostro-
lenka, Staud.

6. Subcostal nervure of the primaries with three branches, the third rudimentary in
one or both sexes.

a’. First subcostal branch emitted before, the second at the end of the cell.

2. Pieris protodice.
Pieris protodice, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Am. Sept. p. 45, t. 17. ff. 1-37; Strecker, Cat. Butt. N. Am.
p- 76°.

Alis albis; anticis macula ad cellule finem, altera bifida apicem versus, tertia infra eam inter venam
medianam et ramum suum secundum, quatuor fere obsoletis ad apicem ipsum, macula quoque inter
venam submedianam et ramum medianum primum angulum analem versus fuscis, omnibus plus minusve
indistinctis: subtus fere ut supra sed maculis majoribus.

2 albidis, ad basin pallide fuscis; anticis macula ad cellule finem, altera in margine interno angulum
analem prope, serieque duplici ad apicem et in margine externo posticarum confluentibus coloris ejusdem :

PIERIS. 131

subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed dilutioribus et apice flavo tinctis; posticis pallide fusco reticulatis et flavo
undique suffusis,
Hab. Nortn America from Canada southwards ?.—Mexico, Presidio, Ciudad in
Durango (Forrer), Amula (H. H. Smith), Puebla (H. J. Elwes), Jalapa, Orizaba
(Ff. D. G.), Cordova (Riimeli); Guatemaua, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S.).

This species occurs sparingly in the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala, though in
the latter country we only observed it in the neighbourhood of Duefias, at an elevation
of 5000 feet above the level of the sea, and whence we brought home but a single
female example. From Mexico we have specimens of both sexes, which agree in every
respect with numerous examples from various parts of North America. The larva is
said to feed on Crucifere.

é'. First and second subcostal branches emitted before the end of the cell.

3. Pieris calydonia.
Pieris calydonia, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 439°.

Alis albidis, anticis costa ad basin, apice et margine externo decrescente ad angulum analem et introrsum
profunde sinuato fuscis, posticis quoque angustissime fusco limbatis : subtus fere ut supra, sed colore fusco
pallidiore et linea irregulari a costee medio ad marginis externi medium coloris ejusdem ; posticis ochraceo
tinctis, ad cost basin flavis.

@ mari similis, sed alis sordide albis, anticis costa pallide fuscescentiore et linea coloris ejusdem per cellule
finem ad medium marginis externi transeunte: subtus, presertim in posticis, ochracescentioribus, anticis
ad basin flavis, posticis ad coste basin aurantio tinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Amula, State of Guerrero, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Yzabal,
Chuacus, Pacific slope (f. D. G. & O. S.), Chacoj, Paraiso (Champion); Honpuras,
Ruatan Island (G. F. Gauwmer), San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales
(Belt); Panama, Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé), David, San Feliz (Champion).—CotomBia! ;
VENEZUELA.

P. calydonia is a northern form of the widely-spread P. demophile, the males of the
two insects being very much alike, but the females differing, that of P. demophile having
a broad fuscous stripe along the inner margin of the primaries, a character not seen in
the allied species. Boisduval’s description was based upon specimens from Colombia,
whence we trace it northwards as far as Southern Mexico, but it is apparently more
common in the State of Panama than elsewhere. Some variation is noticeable in the
dark outer border to the secondaries. In Guatemalan specimens this dark border is
just perceptible, but in examples from the State of Panama it varies in width, being
well developed in some specimens and hardly visible in others. This species too, as well
as the last-mentioned, is an inhabitant of the hot country, being found near the sea-
level up to an elevation of about 2500 feet.

s 2

132 RHOPALOCERA.

4, Pieris notistriga.
Pieris notistriga, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p.111*; P.Z.S. 1874, p. 361°.

Alis albidis, anticis costa, decrescente in medio, apice et margine externo introrsum valde sinuato et posticis
margine externo nigro-fuscis: subtus fere ut supra, sed anticis interdum punctis submarginalibus quinque
albis notatis; posticis linea longitudinali per cellulam ad apicem extensa fusca, hinc in margine externo
fusco fascia (interdum maculosa) ferruginea includente, posticis et anticarum basi flavo tinctis.

9 mari similis, sed-alis flavescentibus et colore fusco latiore ; anticis linea a cellule fine ad marginem externum,
in margine interno et posticis linea subcostali quoque fuscis: subtus fere ut supra.

Hab. Guaremaua, Teleman, Mirandilla, Panima, Volcan de Atitlan, San Isidro (Cham-
pion), Polochic and Chisoy valleys, Forests of Northern Vera Paz (Ff. D. G. & 0. S.);
Hownpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Costa Rica (Van Patten! *); Panama, Calobre
(Arcé), Bugaba, David, San Feliz, Tolé (Champion).

This species is a very variable one both as to size and markings, especially of the
front wings, and this applies to both sexes. The dark basal portion of the costa of the
primaries, in most cases, is only connected with the dark apex by the dark costa, but
in some instances there is an evanescent transverse band passing through the end of the
cell towards the chief inner prominence of the dark outer margin. There is thus a
tendency to cut off a subapical elongated white spot from the rest of the wing. ‘This
transverse band in the males is never quite complete, and sometimes appears as a small
spot at the end of the cell; in some females, however, it is well defined and complete,
and when in this state the female is hardly distinguishable from that sex of P. pisonis.
Regarding the dark subcostal band of the secondaries beneath, upon which the distinction
between P. notistriga and P. pandosia was based, we find that it is almost universally
present in the former, but in certain examples, chiefly from Mirandilla in Guatemala,
it is either absent or evanescent, and this being the case we are not sure that the
distinction between these two forms can always be traced. Fresh females have a distinct
yellow tinge over the lighter portion of the wings, but we believe this colour fades in
specimens that have been exposed to light for some time.

P. notistriga, though widely distributed, does not seem to be a very common species ;
nevertheless we have a good series of examples from Guatemala and the State of
Panama. It is found in the hottest region up to an elevation of about 2000 feet.

5, Pieris monuste.

Papilio monuste, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 760'; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 141. f. F*.

Pieris monuste, Bates, Journ. Ent. i. p. 235°; Strecker, Cat. Butt. N. A. p. 76+.
Synchloé monuste, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 362°.

Alis cretaceo-albis, anticis limbo costali angustissime, et margine externo anguste introrsum profunde serrate

fuscis : subtus anticis albescentibus, costa anguste apice et posticis omnino ochraceo tinctis, illis nonnunquam
pallide fusco indistincte marmoratis.

9 mari similis, sed anticis macula ad cellule finem fusca, marginibus fuscis latioribus, et posticis limbo externo
colore eodem maculatis (alis ambabus interdum ochracescentibus, interdum fuscescentibus).

PIERIS. 133

Hab. Norrn America, Southern States.—Mexico, Ventanas, Presidio, Mazatlan
(Forrer), Tepetlapa in Guerrero (H. H. Simith), Acapulco ( Markham), Tampico (Richard-
son), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli, Hége); Guatemaua, Motagua,
Central and Polochie valleys, San Gerénimo, Duefias, Pacific Coast (FL. D. G. & O.8.),
Teleman, Duefias (Champion); Honpuras, Ruatan Island (G. F. Gaumer); Nicaragua,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®), San Francisco (Rogers); PanaMa, Veraguas
(Arcé), Lion Hill Station (Jf‘Leannan).—Souta America, Colombia to South Brazil ;
ANTILLES.

A species of very wide range embracing not only the Southern States of North
America but also the greater portion of the southern continent as well as the West
Indian Islands, being everywhere a common familiar species. In Guatemala its range
in altitude extends from the sea-level to a height of 5000 feet in the mountains. The
males vary to some extent as to the width of the apical dark border of the primaries,
which is widest in South Brazilian examples and narrowest in those from Central
America and Mexico. Females vary more than the males, being in some instances of
a pale ochreous hue, in others the wings are of a sooty colour; this is especially the
case in two examples from Callao given us by Mr J. J. Walker.

6. Pieris viardi. (Tab. LXII. figg.1,2¢, 3,492.)

Pieris viardi, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 439°.

Mylothris viardi, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 857.

Pieris habra, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. xvii. p. 22°; Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 50,
t.6. ££. 1%.

Alis albis, anticis macula ad cellule finem, apice et macula marginem externum attingente fuscis, maculis
duabus ad apicem albis: subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed macula cellulari majore et colore suo fusco
pallidissime ; posticis pallide brunneis irregulariter fusco et flavo notatis, maculis duabus ad basin coccineis.

@ alis fuscis, anticis striga arcuata a basi marginem externum versus extensa, altera maculosa a costa ultra
cellulam, maculis duabus ad apicem, tertia ad medium marginis externi, altera duplici ad angulum analem
flavis; posticis litura transversa per cellulam, altera angustiore infra eam maculisque tribus ad angulum
analem flavis: subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed posticis area interna sordida maculis in costa duabus et
area ultra cellulam fuscis undique flavo suffusis.

Hab. Mrxico13 4, Tampico (Richardson), Cuesta de Misantia (IZ. Trujillo), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); GuatemaLa, Forests of Northern
Vera Paz, Yzabal, Polochic valley, Chuacus, San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Chiacam,
Sabo, Panima, San Gerénimo, Zapote, Mirandilla (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales
(Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten ?).

Boisduval’s description of this species was based upon a female from Mexico;
Doubleday described the male as P. habra from specimens from the same country.
Different as these two insects are in coloration there can, we think, be no doubt
of their being sexes of the same species. The range of P. viardi includes Southern
Mexico and Central America as far south as Costa Rica, and though the male is

134 RHOPALOCERA.

tolerably common the female is seldom seen. It is for the most part a lowland species,
occurring on both sides of the mountain-range of Guatemala up to an elevation of 3000
feet. 4

We have figured a male from Yzabal and a female from Chuacus in the valley of
the Motagua, Guatemala.

7. Pieris laogore, sp. n.

P. viardi similis, sed subtus striis aurantiis (nec sulphureis).
© P. viardi femine simillima, sed supra maculis et lineis omnibus aurantiis (nec sulphureis).

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio).

Mr. Smith secured a single female of this species at Dos Arroyos in the month of
September 1888, and with it we now associate a male from Oaxaca which has long been
in our collection under the name of P. viardi.. The female may readily be distinguished
from that sex of P. viardi by the colour of the spots being orange instead of sulphur ;
they are, however, precisely of the same shape and position as in the allied species. In
the male the differences are exceedingly slight, the strie on the under surface alone
being orange instead of sulphur.

The species appears to be confined to Western Mexico. In Guatemala P. viardi is
found on both sides of the Cordillera. 7

8. Pieris noctipennis. (Tab. LXII. figg. 5,693,792.)
Pieris noctipennis, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 111’; P.Z.S. 1874, p. 3612; Butl. Lep. Exot.
p. 118, t. 43. f. 73.

Alis albescentibus, anticis costa anguste et apice cum margine externo (hac decrescente angulum analem
versus, et introrsum sinuato) nigro-fuscis, maculis duabus ad apicem albis ; posticis anguste fusco limbatis:
subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed colore fusco ad apicem dilutiore et flavo tincto; posticis fuscis, area discali
pallidiore, striga in costa maculisque in margine externo flavis, maculis binis ad basin rubro-aurantiis.

Q anticis mari similis, sed colore fusco ad apicem latiore per marginem internum et ad basin extensa; posticis
fuscis, punctis duobus ad apicem albis, area interna anticarum interdum flavescente nec alba.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten1?*), Cache (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre,
Veraguas (Arcé), Bugaba (Champion).

Though the male of this species much resembles that sex of P. locusta, the female
may readily be distinguished by the secondaries being of a uniform brownish-black
colour, hence Mr. Butler's name. Its range includes the southern portion of our
country, Costa Rica and the State of Panama; it is a lowland species, Mr. Champion’s
specimens having been taken at Bugaba.

We have only males of Felder’s P. locusta, and base our comparison between its
female and that of P. noctipennis from the description of the former. There are other
forms of this Pieris in South America which we have not yet satisfactorily determined ;
an accurate knowledge of the sexes of each is necessary for their proper comprehension.

PIERIS. 135

We have figured a male from Costa Rica and a female from Calobre in the State of
Panama. .

9. Pieris josepha.
Pieris Josepha, Salv. & Godm. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, ii. p. 1507.
Pieris josephina, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p- 861 (nec Hiibner) ’.

Alis cretaceo-albis, anticis macula ad cellule finem fusco-nigra: subtus fere ut supra, anticis costa anguste, apice et
posticis omnino ochraceo lavatis; posticis quoque macula indistincta fusca ad cellule finem, costa aurantia.

@ alis ochracescentioribus ; anticis macula ad cellule finem, duabus ultra eam, una in vena mediana, altera infra
eam, tertia supra venam submedianam aliisque elongatis ad marginem externum fuscis 3 posticis venis mar-
ginem externum versus indistincte fusco notatis: subtus anticis maculis omnibus (preter ea ad cellule
finem) minus distinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Rio Papagaio (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Oaxaca (Fenochio),
Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); British Honpuras, Corosal (foe); GUATEMALA,
Central and Polochic valleys, Chuacus (f. D. G. & O. S.1); Nicaracua; Costa Rica
(Van Patten).

Though we have separated P. josepha from P. josephina, that is, the continental from
the Antillean form of this species, the difference between the two is slight. The outer
margin of the secondaries of P. josepha is less prominently rounded in both sexes ;
moreover, the male has no indication of any spot at the end of the cell of the secondaries,
and that on the primaries is distinctly smaller. These slight differences are of more
value as they distinguish an island from a continental form. P. Jjosepha belongs exclu-
sively to our country, and its range extends from Southern Mexico to Costa Rica, but is
everywhere rare. In South America P. bunie takes its place, a species readily distin-
guished by the black apex to the wings.

10. Pieris margarita.

Mylothris margarita, Hibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 120°.

Pieris margarita, Bates, Journ. Ent. i. p. 2372.

Appias margarita, Butl. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 50°. .

Mylothris molpodia, Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. ii. p. 15, ff. 259, 260 2 *.

Pieris tlaire, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 142 g°.

Pieris mysia, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 145 2°.

Appias poeyi, Butl. P. Z.S. 1872, p. 497; Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 861°.

Appias castalia, Butl. P. Z.S8. 1872, p. 50 (nec Fabr. ?)°.

Alis anticis ad apicem elongatis margaritaceo-albis, costa et margine externo angustissime fusco limbatis :
subtus fere ut supra, sed posticis ochraceo tinctis, et ad costs basin flavo notatis. ,

@ alis anticis sordide albis, costa late (nisi in medio) et apice cum margine externo pallide fuscis introrsum
irregulariter sinuatis ; posticis ochracescentioribus, margine externo fuscis: subtus sordide margaritaceo-

albis, colore fuseo pagine superioris vix indicato, anticis macula fere obsoleta in margine externo pallide
fusca, ad basin flavescentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Ventanas (Forrer), Ciudad Victoria (Richardson), Atoyac (H. H. Smith),
Tabi in Yucatan (f. D. G.); Brrrisa Honpvuras, Corosal (foe); GuateMata, Polochic

136 RHOPALOCERA.

and Central valleys, Pacific coast (F. D. G. & O. S.), Chiacam, Duefias (Champion) ;
Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®), Rio Sucio, San Francisco, Cache
(Rogers); Panama ?7, Veraguas, Bugaba, Calobre (Arcé).—SovuTH AMERICA generally ;
ANTILLES.

P. margarita is spread over nearly the whole of Tropical America from north-western
Mexico to the Argentine Republic, its range including several of the West Indian
islands. The males vary as regards the extent to which the apex of the primaries is
dark, some specimens having only the margin itself darkened, in others the whole tip
is blackish; the females differ in the width of this dark outer border, which in some
specimens, on the outer border of the secondaries, is evanescent. These variations are
not strictly localized, but, as a rule, Central-American examples have the apex of the
primaries white, those from Brazil and the Amazons valley having dark tips; but both
forms occur in Central America and also in San Domingo ; and intermediate specimens
are not wanting throughout the whole of its range, so that we see no tangible grounds
for recognizing more than one species. Mr. Butler, in 1872, took quite the opposite
view, and gave to every one of the names proposed for this species both males and
females, five in all, a distinct specific position, and, moreover, added one of his own, but
he entirely omits to state the grounds upon which this separation was made. Mr. Bates
found P. margarita common everywhere on the Amazons, and he speaks of its rapid and
strong flight and extensive migrations, and he adds that the males assemble in great
numbers with those of Callidryas on the moist margins of the rivers; we found them
equally abundant in similar places with the same associates throughout Guatemala,
where it is one of the commonest of the Pieride.

11. Pieris elodia.

Pieris elodia, Boisd. Sp. Gén. 1. p. 529; Luc. in R. de la Sagra’s Hist. Fis. y Pol. Cuba, vii. p. 210,
t.15. ff. 3, 8a’.

Leptophobia elodia, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 360°.

Pieris balidia, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 529 *.

Alis cretaceo-albis ; anticis limbo costali fusco, apice et margine externo introrsum profunde bisinuato coloris
ejusdem: subtus anticis ad apicem et posticis omnino margaritaceo-albis ochraceo suffusis, his macula
parva nigra ad cellule finem et duabus ad basin ochraceis.

Q mari similis, sed anticis minus acutis, posticis quoque magis rotundatis.

Hab. Msxico, Morelia (Ff. D. G.), Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Pinal near Puebla (Z. J.
Elwes), Tampico (Richardson), Jalapa (F. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac (H. H.
Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Oaxaca (Fenochio) ; GuatEMaLa, Purula, Teleman, Duefias
(Champion), San Ger6nimo, Polochic and Motagua valleys, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S.);
Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten®), San Francisco (Rogers) ;

Panama, Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé)—SovutH America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,
and South Brazil.

PIERIS. 137

Pieris elodia has an extensive range over a large portion of South America, being
found in South Brazil * and throughout the western portion of the continent, and in—
our country as far north as Southern Mexico.

In Venezuela an allied form, P. swadella, occurs in the province of Caracas, in which
the costal half of the cell to the costa itself is blackish, and the base of the wings is
freely sprinkled with black scales. This form is distinct enough as shown by the types,
but in the neighbourhood of Merida, parts of Colombia, and Eastern Ecuador an inter-
mediate form between P. suadella and the true P.elodia is found, so that we are
- doubtful if P. swadella will prove a definite species. Specimens from Western Ecuador
agree with the typical Mexican form.

It shows but little individual variation throughout this wide range beyond a difference
in the width of the dark apical portion of the primaries.

In Guatemala its range extends from near the sea-level in the Polochic valley to an
altitude of 5000 feet in the neighbourhood of Duejfias.

12. Pieris tenuicornis, (Tab. LXII. figg. 8,93, 10,11¢.)
Leptophobia tenuicornis, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 110°; P. Z.S. 1874, p. 3607; Butl. Lep.
Ex. p. 116, t. 43. £. 4°.

Alis fusco-nigris ; anticis macula ultra cellulam bifida albida, area interna infra venam medianam griseo-cerulea
extrorsum canescente; posticis bitriente basali griseo-cerulea: subtus, anticis fuscis area infra venam
medianam et macula bifida ultra cellulam albidis, squamis quibusdam coloris ejusdem in costa et ad basin
cellule ; apice et posticis omnino venis fuscis divisis aurantio-flavis.

@ alis fuscis ; anticis plaga irregulari infra venam medianam, altera bifida ultra cellule finem griseo-albis ;
posticis plaga magna cellulari flavescente: subtus fere ut in mari, sed posticis fascia lata fusca marginem
externum versus.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten1?3), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Champion,
Arcé), Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBIA.

This pretty butterfly has a near ally in P. cesta of Ecuador, but that species has a
narrower black margin to the secondaries, and the yellow spot in the apex of the
primaries beneath is either evanescent or wholly absent. Its range is restricted in our
country to Costa Rica and the State of Panama, and it passes southwards into northern
Colombia, whence we have an example taken by Salmon at Frontino in the Cauca valley.
Mr. Champion’s specimens were captured at altitudes between 2500 and 4000 feet above
the level of the sea on the Volcan de Chiriqui.

We have figured Costa Rica specimens.

13. Pieris, sp. ?
We have a small specimen of a Pieris from Tampico in Mexico apparently belonging
to the group containing P. oleracea of Harris from North America, but it is in very
bad condition and hence difficult to make out. It is apparently nearly immaculate

* We do not consider Pieris balidia of Brazil to be distinguishable from P. elodia.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1889. T

138 | RHOPALOCERA.

white both above and below, slightly dusky towards the apex of the primaries, and
apparently with a small spot at the end of the cell on the secondaries beneath. We
await more specimens before attempting to determine its position.

DAPTONOURA.
Daptonoura, Butler, Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 209 ; Cist. Ent. pp. 37, 50, 55, t. 3. f. 3.

This genus contains a small number of species distributed over the greater part of
Tropical America; they are very uniform in their structure and general appearance. |
The third branch of the subcostal nervure of the primaries is emitted some distance
before the apex, and in this respect the species resemble the common Pieris margarita
of the same region. The anal angle of the secondaries is also produced in a similar
way and not rounded as in the majority of more typical Pieris. The chief grounds for
separating Daptonoura from Pieris rests on the form of the harpagones of the male, the
ventral edge of which is produced into a long, slightly incurved rod, above which the
outer margin is undulating with a ragged edge.

1. Daptonoura panamensis. (Tab. LXI. figg. 9,103,112.)
Daptonura florinda, var. monstrosa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, xv. p. 224°.
Daptonoura panamensis, Staud. Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 94”.

Daptonoura panamensis, var. anceps, Staud. Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 95°.
Daptonoura panamensis, var. chagris, Staud. Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 95 *.

Alis pallide sulphureis, anticis limbo costali, apice anguste, ad ramum medianum primum evanescente, fuscis ;
posticis flavescentioribus et margine externo fusco angustissime hmbato: subtus multo flavescentioribus et
colore fusco rufescentiore, anticis linea transversa ad cellule finem.

? mari similis, sed flavescentioribus; anticis macula elongata ad cellule finem pallide fusca, margine externo
fusco ad angulum analem extensa; posticis limbo externo indistincte flavo maculato: subtus ut supra, sed
posticis flavo-aurantiis.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba!, Veraguas (Areé), David, Bugaba1, Volean de Chiriqui

(Champion), Paraiso Station (Hughes *).

Mr. Butler considered this to be a variety of P. florinda, but as we have several
examples of both sexes showing that each form keeps its character with precision their
distinctness as species seems obvious, and this is further proved from the fact of the two
forms having almost precisely the same range. Mr. Butler’s type was obtained by Arcé
at Bugaba, and is the male specimen figured ; the female came from Paraiso on the
Isthmus of Panama. Though Mr. Butler’s name monstrosa has a slight priority over

Dr, Staudinger’s panamensis, we give precedence to the latter as the former was only
used in a varietal or subspecific sense.

2. Daptonoura florinda, (Tab. LXI. fig. 12.)
Daptonura florinda, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, xv. p. 2241.
Daptonoura chiricana, Staud. Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 95”.

DAPTONOURA.—CALLIDRYAS. 139

oD. panamensi similis, sed alis flavis (nec sulphureis).
2 feminez monstrose similis, sed anticis flavis aurantio suffusis, posticis aurantiis.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 2 (Champion), Bugaba !, Veraguas (Arce).

This and the preceding species both belong to the section of Pierine of which
P. lycimnia is the oldest known form. The pale yellow colour of the male is of the
same tint as that of P. polyhymnia of Colombia, but that sex of D. florinda may readily
be recognized by its dark apex and outer borders. The specimens which were described
by Mr. Butler were obtained by Arcé at Bugaba, and Mr. Champion found it on the
slopes of the Volcan de Chiriqui as high as from 4000 to 5000 feet.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the types of the species and varieties described in
his paper on new South-American butterflies cited above, so that we are enabled to
compare them with Mr. Butler’s types, and we have no doubt that we have rightly
assigned to them their respective positions.

A specimen from Veraguas is figured.

8. Daptonoura isandra. (Tab. LXI. figg. 13, 14¢.)
Pieris isandra, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 490°.
Daptonura isandra, Butl. P. Z.8. 1872, p. 52”. ——"y

Alis cretaceo-albis, anticis ad apicem angustissime fusco limbatis; subtus anticis macula ad cellule finem
elongata pallide brunnea ad apices et posticis omnino ochraceo-flavis.
© mari similis, sed alis ochraceis (nec eretaceo-albis), subtus area apicali et posticis omnino croceis.

Hab. Mexico 1, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ;
Guatema.a, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Tucuru, Panzos, San Gerdénimo
(Champion).

Boisduval’s description of this species was based upon a specimen from Mexico. The
only examples we have from that country are from the provinces of Tabasco and
Northern Yucatan; but in Guatemala it is not an uncommon species in Vera Paz,
especially in the valley of the Polochic river, where it occurs from near the sea-level to
a height of about 3000 feet. Mr. Butler states that it is found not only in Nicaragua
but also in Jamaica and even Brazil, but it is unknown to us from any point south of
Guatemala.

B. Terminal joint of the palpi very short in one or both sexes.

CALLIDRYAS.

Callidryas, Boisduval, Sp. Gén. i. p. 605; Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 66 (partim) ; Butler,
Lep. Ex. p. 155.

Mr. Butler split up the old genus Callidryas into four genera which we have no
difficulty in recognizing, and we even carry his subdivision further by separating C. trite
from the rest of his genus Phebis.

T 2

140 RHOPALOCERA.

Adult males representing the species of each of these genera may readily be distin-
guished as follows :—

A. Terminal joint of palpi very short in both sexes.
a. Base of inner margin of primaries furnished with long hairs, a patch of
densely felted scales above the subcostal nervure of secondaries . . . Catopsilia.
b. Base of inner margin of primaries simple.
a’. A patch of densely felted scales between the costal and subcostal
nervures of secondaries above and a corresponding patch between

the median and submedian of the primaries beneath . . . . . Callidryas.
b!. A pencil of hairs below the subcostal nervure of secondaries and a
patch of densely felted scales above the subcostal . . . . . . Rhabdodryas.
c'. A pencil of hairs below the subcostal nervure of secondaries, but no
patches of felted scales on either wings . . . . . . . . . Phebis.
B. Terminal joint of palpi in female much longer than in the male . . . . . Aphrissa.

The first of these takes the whole of the Old-World species, with which we do not
deal in the present work.

The divisions in the second set of genera are all more or less borne out by the secondary
male characters, except that Phebis and Callidryas seem more closely connected with
each other than they are to either Rhabdodryas or Aphrissa. The wing-neuration in all
these genera is very uniform, and affords no tangible generic characters. The subcostal
nervure emits three branches ; two before the end of the cell and onea little beyond it.
There is no upper discocellular, the upper radial meeting the subcostal beyond the cell. ©
The terminal joint of the palpi, except in the female of Aphrissa, is very short, the second
joint subelliptical and about half the length of the basal joint. The harpagones in
C. philea have the ventral edge produced into a long rod, and the dorsal edge bears in
the middle a strongly recurved slightly dentate process; attached to the inner surface
is a strong lobe, expanded towards its distal end and set with long strong spines. In
C. eubule the harpagones are very similar, but the ventral edge is not so prolonged ;
moreover, the patches of densely packed scales in the wings of the latter species are
not nearly so well defined as they are in C. philea.

1. Callidryas philea.

Papilio philea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 764°; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 178. ff. E, F’.

Callidryas philea, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 353°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 360‘;
Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 92, t. 35. f. 1-4°; W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 262°.

Papilio aricye, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 94. ff. A, B’.

Papilio melanippe, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 361. ff. E, F°.

Mancipium fugax argante, 9, Hibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. t. 145. ff. 3, 4°.

Alis lete flavis, anticis plaga per cellulam ultra venam medianam extensa; posticis marginibus externis late
aurantiis: subtus flavo- aut aurantio-ochraceis plus minusve maculis irregularibus fuscis notatis, maculis
geminis ad cellularum fines argenteo-albis et ferrugineo cinctis.

CALLIDRYAS. 141

margine externo ad venarum fines, serie altera irregulari interiore maculaque ad cellule finem fuscis ;
posticis area distali late aurantiis ad marginem externum in venis fuscis: subtus flavo-ochraceis maculis
ad cellularum fines geminis albis ferrugineo cinctis, aliisque rufescentibus per aream totam diffusis.

2 (forma 2) alis supra sordide ochraceis maculis ut in forma 1.

Formis aliis intra 1 et 2.

Hab. Mzxico, Ventanas (Forrer), Rincon, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cordova ( Riimeli),
Oaxaca (Fenochio); Guatemata, Polochic valley, San Gerénimo, Chuacus, Central
valley, Pacific coast (Ff. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras, San Pedro ( Whitely) ; Nidaracua,
Chontales (7. Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten, Carmiol); Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre,
Veraguas (Arcé).—Sovuta America to Sour BraziL.

This is an exceedingly well-marked species of very wide range, being found occasionally
in the Southern States of North America, and uninterruptedly from Mexico to South
Brazil. The male is readily known by the orange patch on the primaries and the orange
border of the secondaries, and presents no tangible points of variation. The female varies
in the extent of the red border of the secondaries. Papilio aricye of Cramer represents
the form in which the red band is most pronounced, and P. melanippe the least. Both
forms occur indiscriminately wherever the species is found.

C. philea occurs in abundance with its congener C. ewhule and with Phebis argante &c.,
from the sea-level up to an elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet. The females, according to
Mr. Bates, frequent flowers in open semicultivated places. There are two Antillean species
allied to C. philea, viz. C. thalestris and C. avellaneda; both are found in Cuba, and
the former also in the island of Haiti. The males of both these species have a black
spot at the end of the cell by which they are easily distinguished from C. philea.

2. Callidryas eubule.

Papilio eubule, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 764°; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 120. ff. E, F?; Smith, Abb. Hist.
Nat. Lep. Georg. p. 9, t. 5°.

Callidryas eubule, Bates, Journ. Ent. 1. p. 239*; Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 351°; Butl. Lep.
Ex. p. 58, t. 22. ff. 7-10°; W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 261°.

Papilio senne, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 764°.

Callidryas senne, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 59, t. 23. ff. 1-4°; W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884,
p. 262°.

Papilio marcellina, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 141, f. C”.

Callidryas drya (Fabr.), Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 352%; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 61, t. 23.
ff. 5-8».

Callidryas yamana, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 852 ™.

Alis flavis, venis ad margines externos vix fusco tinctis, subtus interdum flavis fere immaculatis, frequenter
ochraceis rufo irroratis et irregulariter maculatis, maculis geminis argenteo-albis ad cellularum fines
ferrugineo cinctis.

9 (forma 1) mari similis, sed anticis costa et margine externo angustissime fusco limbatis, in margine externo
maculatis, macula ad cellule finem coloris ejusdem: subtus pallidioribus maculis ad cellularum fines
majoribus pagina tota undique sparsim ferrugineo maculata.

Forma altera alis pallide gilvis, marginibus externis fusco maculatis.
Forme altere alis rufo-aurantiacis aut ferrugineis.

142 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Norta America, Southern States—Mexico, Pinos Altos (Buchan-Hepburn),
Ventanas, Presidio, Mazatlan, Tres Marias Islands (Yorrer), Rio Papagaio, Rincon,
Tierra Colorada, La Venta, Acaguizotla (H. H. Smith), Acapulco (Markham), Oaxaca
(Fenochic), Cordova (Riimeli), Cuesta de Misantla (f. D. G.), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H.
Smith); British Honpvuras, Corosal (oe); GuatemMa.a, Polochic valley, San Gerénimo,
Central valleys, Chuacus, Pacific coast (FP. D. G. & O.S.), Chacoj, Chiacam, San
Gerénimo, Las Mercedes (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely);
Nicaraeva, Chontales (7. Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui,
Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill Station (J/‘Leannan).—
South America generally to Argentine Republic and Chili; ANTILLES; GALAPAGOS
IsLANDS.

Linneus’s description of Papilio eubule was based upon a picture in ‘ Edwards's
Gleanings of Natural History,’ ii. p. 199, t. 304, which represents a female from South
Carolina. P. senne of Linneus was based upon figures in Sloane’s ‘ Natural History of
Jamaica,’ t. 236. f. 11-12, and Merian’s ‘Insects of Surinam,’ t. 58. There is nothing
in the descriptions and plates to indicate that they refer to more than one species.
North-American writers consider that two species of Callidryas are found within the
limits of the United States, and in so doing they follow Mr. Butler; but the evidence
on this point requires considerably strengthening before we can adopt this view, for
differences of colour and variety of pattern are of little value in this genus, as variation
by no means follows definite distribution. For the same reason we consider Papilio drya
of Fabricius, as figured by Mr. Butler, to be only an extreme form, in which the
markings are reduced to a minimum. C. yamana of Reakirt appears to have been
based upon a light-coloured female of this species. Like Phabis argante and Aphrissa
statira this species swarms in open country about pools or damp places or on the margins
of streams, and ranges from the sea-level to an elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet in the
mountains. The caterpillar feeds on species of Cass?a, and is thus represented in Smith
and Abbot’s beautiful work.

PHCBIS.
Phebis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 98; Butler, Lep. Ex. p. 155.

This is the only section of the old genus of Callidryas in which the male has a pencil
of hairs within the cell, and no closely packed patch of scales between the costal and
subcostal nervures. The genus is divisible into two groups—one, of which P. rurina is
typical, has the anal angle of the secondaries prolonged, the other (P. argante) has this
portion of the wing rounded. The secondary male organs are very similar in both
groups; the harpagones of P. argante have the ventral edge prolonged into a rod, and
two dentate projections along the dorsal edge.

PHBIS. 143

1. Phebis rurina,

Callidryas rurina, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 82°; Reise Nov., Lep. p. 194, t. 26. ff. 9-117; Butl.
Lep. Ex. p. 76, t. 29. ff. 5-8°.

Phebis rurina, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 361‘.

Callidryas virgo, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 9°; Lep. Ex. p. 75, t. 29. ff. 1-4°.

Phebis virgo, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 361”.

Phebis intermedia, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 81; Lep. Ex. p. 153, t. 55. ff. 5-8°; Butl. & Druce,
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 361°.

Alis sulphureis, anticis dimidio proximo posticis ad angulum analem aurantio tinctis: subtus aurantiis
sparsim saturate ferrugineo irroratis, maculis duabus ad cellularum fines, eis posticarum medialiter
argenteis.

9 alis aut sordide albis aut flavidis, posticis margine externo late ferrugineo, anticis macula nigra ad cellule
finem.

Hab. Mexico, Rincon (H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla (#. D. G.), Cordova (Riimelz),
Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio); GuatEMata, Pacific coast, Duefias, Central
valleys, Polochic valley (/. D. G. & O. S.), Cahabon (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales
(Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde, Champion).
—SovutH AMERICA, Venezuela to Bolivia.

In treating of the members of this genus we have throughout admitted that the
females are liable to a considerable amount of variation both as regards the general
colour of the upper surface of the wings and the intensity of the markings thereon.
According to this view P. rurina, as regards its females, shows great diversity. One
extreme form has the upper surface of the wings of a uniform dirty white with a large
black spot at the end of the cell of the primaries, and a very narrow dark apical margin ;
in the other extreme the wings are pale yellow, and the secondaries have a broad outer
border of deep rufous. Between these two extremes we have many intermediate
gradations. The pallid females are P. virgo (Butler), the rufous-bordered females
are the typical P. rurina (Felder)1, and an intermediate specimen formed the type of
Mr. Butler’s P. intermedia. All these forms we propose to unite under the name of
P. rurina; but at the same time we note that in the males the orange colour of the
basal portion of the primaries and the outer portion of the secondaries is not so intense
in northern as it is in typical and Venezuelan examples, though specimens from various
parts of our country show some diversity in this respect, and we do not therefore attach
much importance to it. |

Regarding the status of the South-Brazilian and Argentine form of this Phabis,
to which the name P. neocypris of Hiibn. seems properly applicable (=P. cipris, Fabr.,
nec Cram.,=P. bracteolata et P. irrigata, Butler), we are in some doubt as to its
relationship with P. rurina, or whether we have more than one species represented
under this name; but we think that the females in this southern form have their own
set of varieties, and that one with dark rufous border to the hind wings is not included

144 RHOPALOCERA.

amongst them, and for these reasons we believe that the southern and northern forms
are specifically distinct, though their ranges overlap in Bolivia.

P. rurina in our country has a wide range extending from the sea-level to an elevation of
5000 feet and upwards in the mountains. It is one of the species which helps to form
the dense masses of butterflies which congregate round pools and wet places and on
river banks.

2. Phebis argante.

Papilio argante, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 470°.

Callidryas argante, Bates, Journ. Ent. i. p. 2387; Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 353°; Butl. Lep.
Ex. p. 119, t. 44. ff. 1-44.

Mancipium fugax argante, Hiibn. Saml. ex. Schmett. i. t. 145. ff. 1, 2°.

Papilio cipris, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 99. ff. E, F°.

Phebis cypris, Hiibn. Sammi. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 131”.

Papilio hersilia, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 178. ff. C, D’.

Callidryas hersilia, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 106, t. 39. ff. 7-10°.

Calhdryas agarithe, Luc. in R. de la Sagra’s Hist. Fis. y Pol. Cuba, Ins. t. 15. ff. 4—4.a, 9.

Callidryas minuscula, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 120, t. 44. ff. 9, 10%.

Alis supra aurantiis punctis nigris in margine externo: subtus flavescentioribus ferrugineo irregulariter
irroratis, anticis linea bifracta ab apice ad marginem internum maculis duabus ad cellule finem plus
minusve distinctis ; posticis quoque maculis duabus ad cellule finem notatis, interdum medialiter argenteis
interdum evanescentibus,

Q a mari differt alis supra aut flavidis aut gilvis maculis in margine externo majoribus interdum confluentibus
anticarum apice nigricante macula ad cellule finem aliisque discalibus nigricantibus.

Hab. NortaH America, Florida, Texas. — Mexico, Ventanas, Presidio, Mazatlan
(Forrer), Dos Arroyos, Rincon, La Venta, Acaguizotla (H. H. Smith), Orizaba
(Ff. D.G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli); British Honpvuras, Corosal
(Roe); Guatemata, Polochic valley, Chuacus, Central valleys, Duefias, Pacific coast
(fF. D. G. & O. S.), Cahabon, Chacoj, Panima, Cubulco (Champion); Honpuras, San
Pedro ( Whitely) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Rio Sucio.
(Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua (Arcé), Bugaba, Tolé (Champion),
Panama Railway (J/‘Leannan).—Sovutu America generally to South Brazil.

The true P. argante of Fabricius, of which the type is in the British Museum, is,
no doubt, that represented by Mr. Butler under this name‘; the outer margin of the
primaries is marked with a black spot at the end of each nervule, and the spots on the
under surface of the secondaries at the end of the cell are evanescent and with no
silvery tint in the centre. Between this form and that represented by P. hersilia, in
which the outer margin of the primaries is uninterruptedly black, and the spots on the
secondaries distinctly silvery, we find every intermediate gradation in the series before
us; and failing other diagnostic characters it is impossible to separate P. argante from
P. hersilia, as Mr. Butler has endeavoured to do.

PHEBIS. 145

Of the names mentioned above, Hiibner’s figure of M. f. argante is an excellent
representation of the typical form , his female on the same plate being taken from a
male of C. philea. PP. cipris (Cram.)*® represents a female with orange wings, a com-
mon type in this sex. Phebis cypris of Hiibner’ also represents two females—one of
the orange form, and the other of the equally common yellow form. The drawing of
C. agarithe of Lucas 1° is taken from a male of this species, his female representing that
sex of the true agarithe. C. minuscula of Butler !!, said to be from Cuba, is nothing
but a dwarfed individual of the ordinary type. We have other very similar small speci-
mens from other parts of the range of this species.

P. argante is excessively common in all open places throughout our region from the
sea-level to an altitude of 5000 or 6000 feet. It is one of the species which congregate
by pools of water or wet places on highroads or river-banks.

8. Phebis agarithe.

Callidryas ayarithe, Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 6237; Lucas in R. de la Sagra’s Hist. Fis. y Pol. Cuba,
Ins. vil. p. 212, t. 15. ff. 46,4c¢7; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 92, t. 45. ff. 1-4°; W. H. Edwards,
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 262%.

Alis aurantiis, margine externo minutissime nigro punctato: subtus flavescentioribus, maculis indistinctis
fuscis irregulariter notatis ; anticis linea fusca ab apice ad marginem internum recta, integra, macula ad
cellule finem alteris duabus in posticis, his interdum introrsum argenteis.

@ alis gilvis, interdum aurantiis interdum flavescentibus, maculis marginalibus majoribus, anticis macula ad
cellule finem et linea recta pagine inferioris obviis.

Hab. Nort America, Texas. — Mexico, Presidio, Ventanas (Forrer), Tepetlapa
(il. H. Smith), Ciudad Victoria, Tampico (Richardson), Cuesta de Misantla, Jalapa
(F. D. G.), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Yucatan (mus. Staud.); GUATEMALA,
Polochic valley, Central valleys, and Duefias (F. D. G. & O.S.); Nicaragua, Chontales
(Belt). CoLomBIA ; VENEZUELA and ANTILLES.

This species is clearly distinct from P. argante, which it resembles at first sight.
The line extending from the apex of the primaries towards the inner margin on the
underside in the male, and usually on both sides in the female, is in this species
straight and unbroken, but in P. argante is divided into several segments which are
not arranged in line. As arule the male is marked on the under surface with fairly
conspicuous markings, but with them we find interspersed individuals which are nearly
immaculate with but the faintest indication of the characteristic line of the primaries.
These spotless individuals occur throughout the range of the species, and are not
peculiar to any definite locality. The females present the usual diversity of colour; the
pale drab of some individuals seems to be more common in the northern range of the
species. In South America P. agarithe seems confined to the north-western portion.
In the Antilles it is probably almost universally distributed. We have specimens from
Dominica, and it occurs in the large islands of Haiti, Cuba, and Jamaica; it is also
found in New Providence.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1889. U

146 RHOPALOCERA.

Mr. Butler’s figures seem to us to be much overcoloured ; the male, so far as our
experience goes, shows no such contrast of colour as is there depicted.

RHABDODRYAS, gen. nov.

Mr. Butler includes #. trite in the second section of his genus Phebis, resting his
character upon the pencil of hairs which proceeds from the upper portion of the cell
close to the subcostal nervure of the secondaries, but he overlooked the existence of a
patch of closely packed scales between the costal and subcostal nervures. These
characters combined serve to separate FR. trite from Callidryas philea and its allies;
moreover the spine-bearing lobe on the inner side of the harpagones appears directed
upwards rather than downwards; there is a second shorter similar lobe at the base
of those organs.

1. Rhabdodryas trite. |
Papilio trite, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 248'; Syst. Nat. i. p. 7637; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 141. ff. C, D*.
Callidryas trite, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 121, t. 45. ff. 5-8‘; Bates, Journ. Ent. i. p. 239°.

Phebis trite, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 861°.

Alis sulphureis, fere immarginatis: subtus gilvo-sulphureis, sericeo paullo micantibus ; anticis linea recta ab apice
ad marginem internum fulva, posticis quoque linea recta ab apice per cellule finem ad marginem internum
fulva ornatis, his quoque lineis obsoletis discalibus fulvis notatis.

Q mari similis, sed alis pallide gilvis, marginibus et anticarum apicibus stricte nigricante limbatis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimelt) ; Guaremata, Duefias, Pacific
coast (Ff. D. G. & O.S.); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®) ;

Panama, Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé), Tolé (Champion).—Souta America to Sour Braziu;
Dominica.

f. trite is a very definite species, and may at once be distinguished by a transverse line
on the underside, crossing the primaries from near the apex nearly to the inner margin,
and a similar line across the secondaries ; no other species having this character.

Its distribution is wide like that of its congeners, and extends from Mexico to South
Brazil; it is also found in the island of Dominica. It is, however, not so abundant as
the species of Callidryas and the allied genera, and females are quite rare.

APHRISSA.
Aphrissa, Butler, Lep. Ex. p. 155.

The terminal joint of the palpi of the male in this genus resembles that of the
members of the same sex of the allied genera, being small, and not more than a third
of the length of the middle joifit. In the female the terminal joint is long and
subcylindrical, and as long as the second joint. This sexual difference of these organs
is not found in any other species of the allied genera. The secondary male organs also
show peculiarities: the harpagones have attached to the middle of the dorsal edge a large
triangular projection, the outer edge of which is deeply, but irregularly, serrate; at

APHRISSA. 147

the place where the triangle is attached to the harpagones there is a smaller projection
also serrate on its outer edge; the ventral edge of the harpagones is produced to a point,
the upper edge of the projection forming an irregular lobe with a slightly serrate edge.

The primaries have a well-defined patch of closely felted scales on the under surface
in the angle between the median and submedian nervures, and there is a corresponding
patch on the upper surface of the secondaries between the costal and subcostal nervures.

1. Aphrissa statira.
Papilio statira, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 120. ff. C, D’.
Callidryas statira, Bates, Journ. Ent. i. p. 239°; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 142, t. 51. ff. 1-4°.
Aphrissa statira, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 360+.
Callidryas neleis, Bdv. Sp. Gén. p. 629°; Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 145, t. 52. ff. 14°.
Callidryas boisduvalii, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 827.
Callidryas jada, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 11°; Lep. Ex. p. 144, t. 51. ff. 7-10°.
Alis sulphureis, anticarum dimidio distali posticis margine externo lato (angulo anali excepto) sericeo albidis:
subtus gilvis immaculatis, anticis ad basin flavescentibus.
mari similis, margine sericeo absente, anticis macula ad cellule finem costa, preter basin, apice et margine
externo nigricantibus, posticis quoque in margine externo nigricante stricte limbatis: subtus anticis maculis
quibusdam ad apicem pallide ferrugineis, posticis quoque maculis discalibus ejusdem coloris notatis.
Var. a. Alis gilvis fere unicoloribus (=C. boisdwvalii, Felder).
Var. 6. Alis fere aurantiis (=C. jada, Butler).
Var. c. Alis sulphureis fere unicoloribus (=C. neleis, Boisduval).

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremaa, Pacific coast,
Duefias, Central valleys, Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.), Chacoj (Champion) ;
Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van
Patten*); Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill Station (/‘Zeannan).—Soutu
AmeERica generally to South Brazil.

On comparing typical males of A. statira with the various supposed species called
Callidryas boisduvali, C. neleis, and C. jada great differences are observable in the
general tint of the upper surface of the wings, and this extends to both sexes; but on
amassing a large series of specimens it is not difficult to select examples blending all
these forms together. Though they are not confined to any special localities, occurring
indiscriminately nearly throughout the whole range of the species, we note, however,
that on the whole the variation is greater in Colombia, Central America, and Mexico,
while in the Amazons valley the typical form predominates.

A. statira is an exceedingly abundant species wherever it is found. Mr. Bates says 2
that in the Amazons valley the females are confined to the thin parts of the forest and
its margins, where they may be seen depositing their ova on low trees of species of
Mimosa. The males congregate by myriads in company with an almost equal num-
ber of C. eubule, and a few of all the other species of the genus, on the moist sand
or mud on the river-bank. In the height of the dry season (October) very extensive
migrations take place. He once travelled with a fair wind on the Lower Amazons

148 RHOPALOCERA.

about eighty miles between sunrise and sunset, and during the whole of the journey
the air teemed with these butterflies, all crossing the river (there from three to five
miles broad) in one direction, viz. from north to south. On the Upper Amazons they
settle on the moist sands in dense masses of many yards square, all with wings upright,
and closely packed together. :

Mr. Butler’s representation of C. jada® is far too highly coloured; the wings are of
only a slightly more ochraceous tint than those of the form called C. boisduvalii, the
basal half being slightly darker than the outer half.

ANTEOS.
Anteos, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 99 (1816).

We think it advisable to separate the American species usually called Gonepteryr
clorinde and Gonepteryx merula from the Old World members of Gonepteryx, and for
them Hiibner’s name Anteos seems the oldest available, and from the three species
cited by him we select the second, A. m@rula, as the type.

Anteos differs from Gonepteryx in several particulars. The costal margin of the
primaries has a strongly serrate edge caused by closely-set dentate processes along the
costal margin ; this margin too is a simple curve, and not concave in the middle as in ©
Gonepteryx rhamni. ‘The second subcostal branch is emitted close to the end of the
cell instead of some way before it, the middle discocellular is not much shorter than
the lower instead of being only a third of its length. There are also characters in the
male secondary organs. ‘The harpagones are much less pointed, and carry a lobe along
the dorsal edge and another internal lobe near the middle of the ventral edge. G. rhamni
has a simple dependent lobe from near the end of the dorsal edge.

Anteos contains the two species mentioned below, which are both common in our
country, one of them, A. clorinde, having also a wide range in South America.

1. Anteos clorinde.
Colias clorinde, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. Suppl. p. 813°.
Rhodocera clorinde, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 599, t. 19. f. 47.
Amynthia clorinde, Butler & Druce, P. Z.8. 1874, p. 360°.
Anteos merula, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. iii. t. —*.

Alis cretaceo-albis, anticis plaga magna costali per cellule finem aurantia, puncto ad cellularum fines nigro,
aurantio circumcincto: subtus dimidio costali anticarum et posticis undique pallide viridi irroratis.
@ mari similis, sed plaga aurantia anticarum magis diffusa et punctis ad cellularum fines majoribus.

Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos (Buchan-Hepburn), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova
(Riimelt), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio); Guatema.a, Polochic and Motagua
valleys, San Gerdnimo (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.), Cahabon, Purula, Duefias (Champion) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten*), Irazu (Rogers); Panama,
Chiriqui (Arcé).—CoLomBia; VenezveLa; Bouivia; Eastern Brazin

ANTEOS. | 149

This species may be at once distinguished from A. m@rula by the colouring of the
upper surface of the wings, which instead of being of a clear lemon-yellow is chalky
white with a distinct orange patch extending from about the middle of the costa over
the distal half of the cell. In our country its range is very similar to that of A. merula,
but in South America it extends far beyond Colombia, and is found in Bolivia and
Eastern Brazil. Curiously enough neither of these species, nor indeed any member of
the allied genera, are found in the Amazons valley.

All South-American specimens, with hardly an exception, have the orange spot of
the primaries of a rather more lemon tint.

2. Anteos merula.
Papilio merula, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 479'; Don. Ins. Ind. t. 27. £. 17.
Rhodocera merula, Boisd. Lec. Lép. Am. Sept. p. 71, t. 23°; Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 600 *.
Amynthia merula, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 360°.
Rhodocera gueneeana, Boisd. Sp. Gén. 1. p. 601 °.
Rhodocera lacordairei, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 6007; Lép. Guat. p. 10 °.
Papilio ecclipsis, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 129. ff. A, B’.

Alis citrinis, anticis puncto ad cellule finem nigro: subtus sericeo-viridi-flavis obscure brunneo irroratis,
punctis ad cellularum fines gilvo-ferrugineis.

Q mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus aut gilvis (interdum apicibus et margine externo fuscescentibus) ; posticis
puncto ad cellule finem aurantiaco.

Hab. Muxico, Ventanas, Presidio (Forrer), Acapulco (Markham), Jalapa (F. D. G.),
Cuesta de Misantla (MM. Trujillo), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith), Tabi in Yucatan (#. D. G.); Guatemata, San Gerdénimo, Panima,
Chiacam (Champion), Motagua, Polochic and Central valleys (Ff. D. G. d O. S.);
Nicaragua, Chontales (Bel¢); Costa Rica (Van Patten®).—Cotompia ; Hartt ;
JAMAICA.

- The female of A. me@rula varies as to its colour; some closely resemble the male,
others are of a dull orange, others again are drab. Some of these again have the apex
of the primaries, and the outer border as well as the ends of the nervures, fuscous.
This variation, we believe, has given rise to the supposition that there is more than one
species of this form, and we believe that Rhodocera gueneeana of Boisduval ® was based
upon a yellow female of A. m@rula, in which the glandular patch of scales on the
secondaries is absent. That Boisduval was at fault respecting the sexes of this species
is shown by his remark in his Lepidoptera of Guatemala, in which he suggests that
A. clorinde may be the female of his Lhodocera lacordairet. A. merula is common
throughout the whole of our region up to an elevation of from 4000 to 5000 feet in
the mountains; in South America we only know of its occurrence in Colombia.

150 RHOPALOCERA.

KRICOGONIA.
Kricogonia, Reakirt, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 355°.

Kricogonia differs both from Gonepteryx and Anteos in having the outer margins of
the wings simple and without angular projections. It resembles Gonepteryr in having
a smooth costa to the primaries, which, however, is simply curved as in Anteos, and
without a concave depression as in Gonepteryx. The secondary male organs differ widely
from those of the species of both these genera. The harpagones at the upper end split
into two slightly expanding lobes; near the upper proximal corner proceed two lobes,
the upper and smaller one terminating with two or three strong spines directed outwards,
the lower and wider one carrying at the end a cluster of spines which are directed
upwards. Near the middle of the ventral edge are two long strong spines, and two
more near the base.

Kricogonia consists of two species, one of which is found throughout our country,
North-western South America, and some of the Antilles; the other, so far as we at
present know, occurs only in Guatemala and the islands of Haiti and Jamaica.

1. Kricogonia lyside.
Colias lyside, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 98°.
Catopsilia lyside, Geyer in Hibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. v. p. 13, ff. 843-844 7.
Rhodocera lyside, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 603°.
Kricogonia lyside, Streck. Butt. N. Am. p. 79%.
Gonepteryx terissa, Lucas, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 429°.

Alis cretaceo-albis, anticis ad basin aurantiis ad apicem quoque aurantio lavatis, posticis macula elongata
transversa ad cost finem nigra (interdum absente) : subtus flavescentibus immaculatis.
Q mari similis, sed macula posticarum fusca semper absente.

Hab. Norta America, Florida, Texas +.—Mexico+, Pinos Altos (Buchan-Hepburn),
Presidio, Tres Marias Islands (Forrer) ; GuatEMALA, Tocoy (Champion), San Gerénimo,
Polochic valley (7. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaraava,
Chontales (Belt).—Cotomsia ; VENEZUELA; Hartr>; Jamarca®. -

The conspicuous spot near the apical angle of the secondaries of the male of this
species varies very greatly: in some it is an elongate stripe the eighth of an inch
wide; in others it is only just perceptible; in others, again, it is wholly wanting, the
latter precisely resembling the females in external appearance. None of our males
from Guatemala show this character, but we find it everywhere else where the species
occurs.

K. lyside does not appear to be a very common insect ; most of our Guatemalan speci-
mens were taken in the interior at an altitude of about 3000 feet above the level of the
sea, but it is found at a much lower elevation at such places as the Tres Marias Islands
and San Pedro.

KRICOGONIA.—COLIAS. | 151

2. Kricogonia unicolor, sp. n.

Alis sulphureo-flavis unicoloribus, subtus (preter dimidio anticarum basali aurantio) pallidioribus et sericeis ;
linea longitudinali mediana albida.

Hab, Guatemata, San Gerénimo (F. D. G. & O. S.).—Harti; Jamaica.

We have two examples of this species from Jamaica and one from Haiti, and a single
female which we believe to belong to it, captured at San Gerdénimo in Guatemala,
the only instance, so far as we are aware, of its occurrence on the continent of
America. )

COLIAS.

Colias, Fabricius in Ill. Mag. f. Ins. vi. p. 284; Boisduval, Sp. Gén. i. p. 634; Doubleday, Gen.
Diurn. Lep. p. 72.

Colias cesonia and its allies were separated by Reakirt from the typical Colias and
placed in a genus Meganostoma. He found certain appendages to the hind legs of the
females, which he described under the name of “ eupronychia”; these being absent in
Colias suggested the separation of Meganostoma. We have searched in vain for these
structures, and, failing them, are at a loss to find characters whereby to separate.
C. cesonia from true Colias.

The primaries are certainly more acute at the apex, and the second subcostal branch
in the male is emitted just before instead of just after the end of the cell. In the
female no material difference can be observed. The secondary male organs are very
similar in C. cesonia, C. philodice, and C. chrysotheme—the harpagones being simple
lobes in each case, the extremity being serrate in the first named, and the outer edge
slightly concave in the others. The difference, however, in structure is comparatively
slight. All the females have an elongated spinous chitinous patch in the bursa
copulatrix.

The genus Colias has a very wide distribution chiefly in the northern hemisphere,
but extending to South Africa and in South America along the Andes as far as Tierra
del Fuego. C. cesonia and its allies belong rather to a warmer area, and C. cesonia itself
is exceedingly abundant throughout our country.

1. Colias chrysotheme.
Papilio chrysotheme, Esp. Schmett. i. t. 65. ff. 3, 4; Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. i. p. 65, ff. 426-428 *.
Colias chrysotheme, Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 16°.
Colias eurytheme, W. H. Edw. Butt. N. Am. ii. Colias, 4 *.
Alis aurantiis, anticis costa flavescentiore, puncto in cellula nigro, apice et margine externo pallide fusco, venis
ad apicem flavescentibus, posticis costa et margine interno flavis, macula ad cellule finem vivide aurantia,
limbo externo angulum analem versus evanescente pallide fusco: subtus fere ut in C. philodice, sed alis

ochracescentioribus.
@ mari similis, sed marginibus externis fuscis indistincte maculatis et subtus alis pallidioribus.

152 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. NortH AMERICA, widely distributed.—Mexico, Santana below Tribo (Buchan-
Hepburn), Jalapa (Hoge), Orizaba (Sallé), Oaxaca (Fenochio).—CENTRAL and Sovra-.
EASTERN EUROPE.

Mr. W. H. Fdwards’s exhaustive paper on this butterfly has been our chief guide in
determining the Mexican specimens of this Colias which we possess. Most of those
which have the locality precisely recorded are of the form or brood described under the.
name of Colias keewaydin. Both forms known as C, eurytheme and C. ariadne also
occur in Mexico, but hardly in such abundance as the C. keewaydin form ; the former.
seems to belong to the Northern and Western Mexican States rather than to that of
Vera Cruz.

The question of the succession of broods in Mexico and the order and proportion in
which they appear can only be investigated by a resident observer, but it seems probable
that they correspond to those of Texas, where there are said to be four annual broods—
the first flying from November to February, which consists of C. ariadne, the next of
C. keewaydin, the third of an intermediate form, and the last of C. eurytheme, the interval
between the successive broods being, as a rule, marked. If any form appears at all
out of its season it is not in sufficient numbers to invalidate the rule.

Trifolium reflecum, one of the food-plants of this species, is found in Southern
Mexico, near Jalapa, and elsewhere *.

2. Colias philodice.
Colias philodice, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 100°; W.H. Edw. Butt. N. Am. ii. Colias, 2, 3?;
Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 16°.

Alis vivide flavis, anticis macula ad cellule finem, apice et margine externo fuscis, venis ad apicem flavis ;
posticis puncto aurantio ad cellule finem, margine externo angulum analem versus evanescente fusco :
subtus flavis, anticis puncto in cellula nigro serieque submarginali fuscis; posticis puncto in cellula
altero minutissimo supra eum ferrugineo circumcincto serieque punctorum margini subparalleli roseis,
puncto ad basin ciliisque omnibus coloris ejusdem.

® mari similis, sed anticis margine externo plus minusve indistincte flavo maculato.

Hab. Nort America! from Canada southwards.—GuvatemaLa, Duefias (fF. D. G.

& O. 8), Calderas (Champion).

The only specimens we have of this species from our country were taken in the open
plain near Duefias at an altitude of nearly 5000 feet, and at Calderas on the slope of the
Volcano de Fuego at 7300 feet above the sea. These include several examples of both
sexes which do not differ materially from others from New Brunswick and Long Island.
The males correspond with the specimen figured by Mr. Edwards on plate iii. f. 3,
except that the outer borders of both wings are broader. The discovery of this species
in Guatemala is somewhat remarkable, as it extends our knowledge of its range
southward very considerably, for hitherto we have no record of it south of Texas.

* Biol. Centr.-Am., Botany, i. p. 233.

COLIAS. 153

Mr. W. H. Edwards speaks of the rapid increase of this species in the United States
owing to the extension in the cultivation of red clover. We are not aware that this
plant is grown in Guatemala; but Z'rifolium amabile grows near Calderas, where this
insect was captured, and there are species of Lupinus and Astragalus in the neigh-
bourhood.

3. Colias cesonia.
Papilio cesonia, Stoll, Supp. Cram. p. 176, t. 41. ff. 2, 2B.
Zerene cesonia, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 129°.
Meganostoma cesonia, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 360°.
Meganostoma cesonia, Streck. Cat. Butt. N. Am. p. 804.
Megonostoma helena, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 358°.
Meganostoma helena, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 360°.

¢ alis sulphureis ; anticis costa et basi nigris squamis flavis interspersis, apice et margine externo introrsum
valde sinuatis, puncto quoque ad cellule finem, nigris; posticis apice nigro magis introrsum sinuatis,
puncto duplici aurantio ad cellule finem: subtus flavis unicoloribus, anticis puncto nigro, posticis duobus
ferrugineis argenteo pupillatis ad cellularum fines, ciliis omnibus roseis.

2 mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus colore nigro undique squamis flavis intersperso, posticis ad apicem vix
nigro tinctis,

Hab. Norta America, Eastern States and Texas.—Muxico, Northern Sonora (Mor-
rison), Mazatlan, Campala (Forrer), Tierra Colorada, Rincon, Rio Papagaio, La Venta,
Venta de Zopilote, Acaguizotla (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Pinos Altos in Chi-
huahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas (Aichardson), Cordova
(fiimelt), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Fortin, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Pinal near Puebla (77.
J. Elwes); Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.), San Gerénimo (Champion),
Central valleys (7. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaraaua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van
Patten*®*), Rio Sucio, San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Veragua (Arcé).—CoLoMBIA
to Bonivia ; CuBa; Hartt.

Stoll’s description and figure of this species were based upon specimens from Georgia !.
The species is widely distributed over the Eastern States, thence to Texas and throughout
the mountainous parts of our country to the State of Panama. On the southern
continent it passes to Bolivia, but here it departs somewhat from its typical character.
This is also the case in Venezuela; and examples from the latter country have been called
by Felder Colias cerbera and C. therapis, while those from the former, according to
Doubleday, represent the variety C. philippa of Fabricius.

Much of the variation is due to the amount of black at the base of the primaries and

to the width of the black outer border of the secondaries. As arule both these features

are more developed in northern than in southern specimens, but the diversity is such

that we are of opinion that but little stress can be placed upon them. In Western

North America there is a very distinct form of this Colias called C. eurydice; this has

a much broader black border to the primaries, the basal portion of the wings being
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1889. x

154 RHOPALOCERA.

suffused with a pink opalescent reflection ; this colouring is sometimes seen in a slight
degree in fresh specimens of C. cesonia.
The larva is said to feed on various species of Trifolium.

TERIAS.

Terias, Swainson, Zool, Ill. i. t. 22; Boisduval, Sp. Gén. i. p. 651; Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep.
p. 76.

Sphenogona, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 44.

Pyrisitia, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1. p. 44.

Though the genus Zerias can be divided on minor characters, it is remarkably
uniform as regards its more important structures; thus the secondary male organs are
all constructed on a similar plan, in which Nathalis also agrees. The harpagones in
T. mexicana terminate in three prominent hooks, which have their origin on the margin ;
the uppermost and the lowest of these are the longest and turn abruptly inwards; there
is a fourth hook arising from the inner surface near the extremity, and another from
below the dorsal edge near the base: these hooks on the harpagones are very charac-
teristic of Terias, though they vary in number. The termination of the central rod of
the tegumen varies—in some species it ends in a sharp point, in others in a blunt and
even serrate edge. So far as the neuration of the primaries is concerned there is but
little variation; the second subcostal branch is emitted before the end of the cell,
sometimes quite close to it; the lower and middle discocellulars are subequal. The
subcostal branch of the secondaries is emitted at various distances from the end of the
cell—sometimes a considerable distance before it as in 7. proterpia, sometimes close to
the end as in 7. euterpe, T. albula, &c., sometimes a little beyond it as in 7. mexicana.
It is upon this character chiefly that Mr. Butler founds his genera Pyrisitia and
Sphenogona.

Terias, as a whole, is found throughout the tropical and subtropical portions of the
world, and scores of names have been proposed for the very various forms in which
many of the species present themselves. Many of these are said to be due to the season
of the year at which they appear, wet-season and dry-season broods having each their
peculiar characteristics. These observations have been made chiefly in the east. In our
country we have not noticed any phenomena of this kind. Nevertheless our difficulty
in differentiating many of the species mentioned below has been great, but we believe
the twenty-two species we include in our fauna are fairly recognizable. In one respect
we have been fortunate in having before us paired examples of many of the species
taken together by competent collectors, and we are thus enabled to set forth the
complicated synonymy of many of the species with some confidence.

As it is manifestly impossible for us to review the genus as a whole, we have
contented ourselves with grouping the species which immediately concern us under
the headings given below.

TERIAS. 155

A. Male with a patch of closely felted scales between the median and
submedian nervures on the primaries beneath.

1. Terias nicippe.

Papilio nicippe, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 210. ff. C, D'.

Terias nicippe, Streck. Cat. Butt. N. Am. p. 847; Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 359°.

¢ alis aurantiis, anticis apice, margine externo, et posticis margine externo (introrsum irregulariter) late fusco
limbatis, anticis puncto ad cellule finem nigro: subtus plerumyue flavescentioribus, anticis ad apicem et
area tota posticarum rubido irroratis, frequenter quoque rubido transnotatis.

Q mari similis, sed dilutioribus, anticis marginibus externis irregulariter, et posticis macula apicali tantum,
notatis.

Hab. Norts America, from Pennsylvania to Florida, Texas, Arizona, and the Pacific.
—Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison), Pinos Altos in Chihuahua ( Buchan-Hepburn), Presidio,
Mazatlan, Ventanas (Morrer), La Venta, Venta de Zopilote, Tepetlapa, Dos Arroyos
(H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Ciudad Victoria (Richardson), Orizaba (F. D. G.),
Cordova (Riimeli), Puebla (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Chiapas
(Zettling®); GuateMaLA, Motagua, Polochic, and Central valleys (7. D. G. & O. S.),

Duefhas and San Gerénimo (Champion).—CuBa; San Domineo.

This species has a wide range over the Southern States of North America, and
spreads throughout the whole of Mexico and Guatemala; it also extends to Cuba and
San Domingo. As might be expected, there is considerable diversity in the coloration,
especially in the females, some of which have the orange tint of the males, others being
of a sulphur-yellow ; the latter, so far as we know, are chiefly found in the peninsula
of Florida. On the underside too great diversity prevails in this sex, the secondaries
being much more heavily marked in some specimens than in others. The outline of
the inner border of the dark margin of the secondaries also varies considerably, being
more evenly serrated in some individuals than in others; and this is most noticeable in
specimens from San Domingo, but we have precisely similar examples from Central
America, so that the character is not of specific value.

T. nicippe has a considerable range in altitude in Guatemala, being found from near
the sea-level to the height of 5000 feet.

B. No patch of felted scales on the primaries beneath.

a. Outer margin of secondaries angular.

a’. Subcostal branch of secondaries emitted long before the end of
the cell. (Pyrisitia, Butler.)

2. Terias proterpia.

Papilio proterpia, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 478°.

Terias proterpia, Streck. Cat. Butt. N. Am. p. 84°; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 11°; Reak. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Phil. ii. p. 359 *.

Pyrisitia proterpia, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 359’.

156 RHOPALOCERA.

é alis lete aurantiis, costa anticarum et venis fere omnibus nigro-fuscis: subtus anticis area posteriore pallide
aurantiis, costa, apice et posticis omnino flavo-ochraceis, his indistincte rufo maculatis.

Q mari similis, sed alis ochraceis (nec aurantiis), anticis dimidio distali, costa tantum et margine externo
posticarum indistincte fusco notatis.

Hab. Norta Amurica, Texas.—MeExico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn),
Ventanas (Forrer), Acapulco, Tierra Colorada, Omilteme, Rincon, Hacienda de la
Imagen, Dos Caminos, Soledad, Tepetlapa, La Venta, Acaguizotla, Rio Papagaio, Dos
Arroyos (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Ciudad Victoria (Aichardson), Cordova
(Riimelt), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (G. /. Gaumer); Guatemata, San
Gerdnimo, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Duefias, San Gerdénimo (Champion) ;
Honpuras (Zettling 4); Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *®), Rio
Sucio (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Champion), Bugaba, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé).—
CoLomBiA; Ecvapor; Cusa; San Domingo.

This species has very much the same range as 7’. gundlachia, being generally distri-
buted throughout our country, and extending northward into Texas, and southwards to
Ecuador, its range in the Antilles being restricted to Cuba and San Domingo. Its
range in altitude also corresponds with that of the allied species, being found at the
sea-level in Yucatan and elsewhere, and in the mountain chains as high as 5000 feet.
One of the characteristics of this species in the male is the veins of both wings being
black, especially towards the outer margins, and by this feature it is readily recognized
from 7. gundlachia: some variation is observable in this respect, for though the outer
portion of the veins of the wing are always black, those surrounding the cell are not
always so; but we are unable to trace this variation in any particular district, though
examples from Mexico and Guatemala usually have the veins rather blacker than those
from more southern districts. Females vary in the width of the dark border of the
secondaries, northern examples being rather wider in this respect than those from more
southern places. |

3. Terias gundlachia.
Terias gundlachia, Poey, Mem. Cub. i. p. 246, t. 24. ff. 1-3*; Streck. Cat. Butt. N. Am. p. 857.
Terias longicauda, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 32°; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 11°.
Pyrisitia gundlachia, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 359°.

é anticis ad apicem acutis, posticis prolongatis subcaudatis, lete aurantiis, anticis costa, apice et dimidio
marginis externi, venisque marginem externum versus fuscis: subtus dilutioribus, anticis striga costali a
basi flava, costa apice anguste et area tota posticarum valde ferrugineo irroratis maculisque indistinctis in
area discali coloris ejusdem notatis.

Q mari similis, sed alis ochraceoribus, anticis costa in dimidio apicali tantum fusca.

Hab. Nortu America, Texas?.—Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan- Hepburn),
Ventanas (forrer), ‘Tepetlapa, Venta de Zopilote, Acaguizotla, Rincon, Tierra Colorada,
Dos Caminos (H. H. Smith), Orizaba, Jalapa (F. D. G.); GuateMata, Chuacus, Polochic
valley (Ff. D. G. & 0. 8.8), San Gerénimo (Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt);

TERIAS. 157

Costa Rica (Van Patten®), San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui
(Champion), Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé).—Eastern Peru; Cupa; Harrt.

Though Mr. Bates described this Terias as distinct from TJ. gundlachia, from
specimens obtained by us in the interior of Guatemala, there can be little doubt
that the Cuban and Central-American insects belong to one and the same species.
We have only one Antillean specimen before us, a female from San Domingo, and this
agrees accurately with examples from the mainland.

We have now a large series of specimens from many parts of Mexico and Central
America, showing that the species has a wide range within our borders, and that it
is found in the mountains at elevations varying from near the sea-level to a height
of 6000 feet.

Some variation exists in the angular projection of the secondaries, which is always
more prominent in the females, and in the males it is more produced in some specimens
than in others.

b’. Subcostal branch of secondaries emitted beyond the cell. (Sphenogona, Butler.)

4. Terias mexicana.
Terias mexicana, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 655, t. 19. f. 1°.
Abaeis mexicana, Geyer, in Hiibn. Zutr. v. p. 29, tt. 917, 9187.
Terias damaris, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 198(¢?)’.
Terias depuiseti, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 11°.

¢ alis pallide sulphureis, anticis margine externo fuscis, introrsum profunde et irregulariter sinuatis; posticis
triente costali vivide flava, apice plus minusve fusco limbata: subtus anticis, presertim ad basin,
flavescentioribus, costa, apice et area tota posticarum rufo irroratis, illis puncto nigro ad cellule finem,
his strigis et maculis indistinctis rubidis notatis.

Hab. Norta America, Texas, Arizona.—Mexico®4, Northern Sonora (Morrison),
Acapulco (G. Ff. Mathew), La Parada, Cuernavaca (Boucard), Puebla (H. J. Elwes),
Omilteme, Amula, Tepetlapa, Tierra Colorada, Xucumanatlan, La Venta, Acaguizotla,
Rio Papagaio, Rincon, Venta de Zopilote, Dos Arroyos, Dos Caminos (H. H. Smith),
Oaxaca (Henochio), Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas (Richardson), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes),
Cordova (Hoge, Riimelt); GuateMaLA, San Gerdnimo, Purula (Champion), Duefias,
Chuacus, Motagua valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.).

We apply this name to the Zerias figured by Boisduval and Geyer, both of which
represent the male, though Boisduval’s description is based upon two species, his
so-called male being TYerias boisduvaliana, Felder, his supposed female the male of
the present insect. This initial error has given rise to great confusion. Dr. Felder
renamed the male 7. doisduvaliana, and left the so-called female to stand as 7. mexi-
cana, as it had previously been called by Geyer. Unfortunately he further confused
matters by describing the true female of 7. mexicana as T. damaris. In his Lepi-

158 RHOPALOCERA. |

doptera of Guatemala, Boisduval recognized that his original description of 7. mexicana -
covered two species, and he rightly associated with them their proper females;
unfortunately he used the name 7. mexicana for the species which neither he nor
Geyer figured it under,—the 7. boisduvaliana of the present work. The other species
he called 7. depuisete. .

Regarding 7. damaris, which was based upon a female specimen obtained by Sallé in
Southern Mexico, we have an example named by comparison with Dr. Felder’s type,
and we have no hesitation whatever in considering it a female of this species. |

The dark portion of the outer border of the secondaries of the male of 7. mexicana.
is subject to great variation, being narrow and almost confined to the vicinity of the ©
anal angle in some specimens, in others it is large and approaches the end of the cell,
and there is a deep fissure where the median nervure runs. Generally speaking the
broad-bordered form is prevalent in Mexico and Guatemala, and the narrow one in
Northern Sonora; but both forms occur in Texas, and at Duefias we find the extremes —
and many intermediate links.

Terias mexicana seems to occur over nearly the whole of Mexico, at least in the
higher grounds, and in such situations it is found throughout Guatemala from 2000 to
5000 feet above the level of the sea. Southward of Guatemala, that is to say in Costa
Rica, its place is taken by a closely allied species 7. dogotana, which differs in wanting
the yellow patch over the costal area of the secondaries.

5. Terias bogotana.

Terias bogotana, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 84 (partim)'; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 198, t. 26. ff. 8, 4
Terias chloé, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 199°.
Sphenogona mexicana, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 858 *.
3 T. mexicane similis, sed colore flava in regione costali posticarum absente.
2 mari similis, sed anticis margine externo fusco angustiore et posticis venis tantum ad apicem fusco tinctis,

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten*), Irazu, Cache, Rio Sucio, San Francisco (Rogers) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui, Bugaba, Veraguas (Arcé).
—Co Lome 128,

L. bogotana is closely allied to T. mexicana, but in the male the secondaries have no
yellow over the costal area, so that the two forms are readily distinguishable. In his.
first description Felder associated two different species as the sexes of 7. bogotana.
The supposed male he subsequently separated as 7. gaugamela, and figured both in the
Zoology of the Voyage of the ‘Novara;’ the latter we are unable to distinguish from
f. fabiola. We have a specimen from Costa Rica which has been compared with the
type of 7. chloé; this we unhesitatingly place as the female of 7. bogotana; moreover
we feel convinced that the specimen described as the male of 7. chioé is of the female
sex. Sphanogona mexicana of Butler and Druce, from Costa Rica, belongs here, as the
specimens before us show.

TERIAS. 159

In Costa Rica and the State of Panama 7. bogotana seems to be as abundant as
I. mexicana is in Mexico and Guatemala, thence it passes southwards into Colombia.
Mr. Champion’s specimens from the State of Panama were taken at elevations varying

from 1000 to 6000 feet.

6. Terias boisduvaliana. (Tab. LXIII. figg. 1,2¢, 3, 42.)

Terias boisduvaliana, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 200 (¢)’.

Terias ingrata, R. Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 465”.

Terias gratiosa, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 859°.

Terias mexicana, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 655 (¢)*; Lép. Guat. p. 11’.

o alis flavis, margine externo late fusco, introrsum presertim ad medium valde sinuato; posticis quoque fusco
late limbatis, introrsum cellulam versus valde dentatis et: costam versus aurantio tinctis: subtus pallide
flavis, posticis sparsim et indistincte ferrugineo maculatis.

© mari similis, sed dilutioribus et apicibus tantum fuscis (posticis interdum vix tinctis): subtus anticis costa
et apice et posticis omnino rosaceo irroratis.

Hab. Mexico!, Ventanas, Presidio, Tres Marias Islands (forrer), La Venta, Rio
Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, Rincon, Tepetlapa, Dos Arroyos, Acaguizotla, Venta de
Zopilote (H. H. Smith), Potrero (Hedemann?), Cordova (fiimeli), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); British Honpuras, Corosal (foe) ;
GuateMALA, Zapote, San Gerdénimo (Champion), Centra] and Motagua valleys, Choctum,
Pacific slope (F. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras (Zettling?), San Pedro ( Whitely) ;
Nicaragua; Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché, San Francisco (fogers).

This species was first described by Boisduval as the male of his T. mexicana, and with
it was associated as its female the male of another species, to which we now restrict the
name 7. mexicana. In 1870 Boisduval referred the name 7. mexicana to the present
species, and called the other 7. depuiseti; but the year before Rudolph Felder had
named this species 7. ingrata. Unfortunately the latter author overlooked the note
in the Lepidoptera of the Voyage of the ‘ Novara,’ where Boisduval’s male 7. mexicana
was named 7. boisduvaliana, a name which we think it right to adopt. It is readily
distinguishable from the true 7. mexicana by the yellow colour of the wings; but the
two species are somewhat alike both as to the width and the outline of the dark border
to the wings. Its true relationship, however, is with 7. gratiosa rather than with
T. mexicana, which takes its place in the State of Panama. |

The range of this species is wide, and extends from the Mexican States of Sinaloa
and Durango southwards through Guatemala to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It is found
from the level of the sea at Mazatlan to an elevation of 3000 feet in Guatemala.

Terias boisduvaliana varies more in size than any of the allied species; the smallest
specimens in our possession are from the ‘Tres Marias Islands and the neighbourhood of
Mazatlan, but our series from other localities includes examples hardly larger.

We have figured a male and female from Rincon in Guerrero, taken by Mr. H. H.
Smith in October 1888.

160 RHOPALOCERA.

7. Terias gratiosa.
Terias gratiosa, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 78, t. 9. f. 5’; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 12%,
Terias theona, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 202°.

3 T. boisduvaliane similis, sed posticis albis nec sulphureis, plaga apicali tantum aurantia.
© alis omnino albis nec flavis, area costali anticarum vix flavo lavata.

Hab. Panama, Tolé (Champion), Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé), near the city of Panama
(J. J. Walker).—Co.tomBia; VENEZUELA 128,

This species was described from specimens from Venezuela, whence we have several
examples, including a female, typical of 7. theona of Felder. It is no doubt allied to
T. boisduvaliana, but the secondaries, instead of being yellow, are nearly white, with
the exception of the dark border and an orange patch near the apex.

T. gratiosa just enters our fauna in the State of Panama, where it occurs as far as
Tolé. A male specimen from Chiriqui, submitted to us by Dr. Staudinger, has a
narrow black border to the secondaries, and thus almost exactly resembles 7. arbela
of Hiibner. ob

The females of this species from Colombia and the State of Panama have th
primaries nearly wholly white, whereas in the typical insect from Venezuela they are
pale yellow.

8. Terias fabiola.
Terias fabiola, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 85°; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 199°.
Sphenogona fabiola et limonea, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 359 (nec Felder) °*.
Terias gaugamela, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 199, t. 26. f. 5 *.
Terias jamapa, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 239°.

¢ alis flavis, anticis apice et margine externo introrsum, presertim angulum analem versus, valde erosis, late
fuscis, margine externo posticarum quoque fusco limbato, regione costali aurantio tincta: subtus anticis
pallidioribus, apice rosaceo; posticis ochraceis rosaceo sparsim irroratis et maculis ferrugineis notatis, ciliis

flavis.
© multo pallidioribus, et colore fusco ad angulum analem tantum extendente introrsum serrato (nec eroso),

posticis omnino flavis.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme, Mazatlan, Xucumanatlan, Rincon, Amula (H. H. Smith),
Pinal near Puebla, Orizaba (fF. D. G.), Cordova (Rimel:), Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards>),
Oaxaca (Menochio); GuaTEMALA, Duefias, Chiacam, Cahabon, San Gerdnimo, Zapote
(Champion), Central valleys, Pacific slope, Tablelands (Ff. D. G.& O. S.); Costa Rica
(Carmiol, Van Patten ?), Rio Sucio, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba
(Champion), Chiriqui, Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLOMBIA *; VENEZUELA+; Ecuapor.

The difficulty as regards the sexes in this genus has involved this species in some-
what the same confusion as prevails in 7. mexicana and T. bogotana, for the male of
this species was originally supposed to represent that sex of 7. bogotana, an error
Dr. Felder discovered and corrected by describing the present species under the name
of Z. gaugamela. Compared with T. xanthochlora the secondaries are more angular,

TERIAS. 161

have a broader black outer margin, and have a tinge of orange towards the costal area.
The females of the two species are very much alike, but may, we believe, be distin-
guished by the greater prominence of the marginal angle of the secondaries.

With the types of 7. fadiola before us, and authentic specimens of 7’. gaugamela, we
are unable to trace any practical difference between them. The females correspond
very closely. The male of 7. fadiola has the outer black border of the secondaries
very narrow ; but this, as is well known, is a very variable character.

Regarding 7. jamapa of Reakirt we have some doubts whether the description was
based upon a female of this species or upon one of 7’. xanthochlora; but as he says that
the outer margin of the secondaries is prolonged into a longish pointed lobe, we are
inclined to think that the name should be referred to 7. fadiola.

Keuador is the most southern point whence this species has been recorded.

9. Terias xanthochlora. (Tab. LXIIT. figg. 5,63, 7, 82.)
Terias xanthochlora, Koll. Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien, i. p. 863°. .
Terias constantia, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 200°.

Sphenogona constantia, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 359°.

g alis sulphureo-flavis, anticis apice et margine externo (angulum analem versus angustiore) nigro-fuscis,
introrsum sinuatis; posticis vix angulatis, angustissime fusco limbatis: subtus pallide flavis, posticis

maculis et squamis ferrugineis sparsim notatis.
@ mari similis, sed colore fusco anticarum vix ad angulum analem extendente, posticis margine externo fusco
absente (interdum ad apicem fusco vix tinctis); subtus apicibus rosaceo tinctis.

Hab. Muxico (Sallé?, Boucard), Fortin, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Rimelt) ;
GuatemaLA, San Gerdnimo, Central valleys (f. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaracua, Chontales
(Belt, Janson) ; Costa Rica (Endres, Van Patten *), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui
(Arcé, Ribbé), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—Cotomsia !? to Prrv.

We use this name for a form in which the secondaries have a very slight marginal
angle and a very narrow or obsolete black border, and have both wings of a uniform
primrose-yellow, without any wash of orange towards the costa of the secondaries.

In these points 7. xanthochlora differs from T. fabiola, the only other species in our
country with which it is likely to be confused. Kollar’s original description was
based upon a Colombian specimen, of which we have an accurate drawing, and we
have examples in our collection which exactly correspond. The typical form has no
black border to the secondaries, but between this and a fairly definite border we find
every gradation in the series before us. Specimens thus bordered agree with typical
TL. constantia of Felder, the range of which, according to him, extends from Venezuela
to Mexico; therefore we see no tangible grounds for separating 7’. constantia from
L. zanthochlora.

Mr. H. H. Smith found a number of pupe of this insect attached thickly to the
stems of a species of convolvulus at Teapa, from which he reared a series of specimens

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1889. Y

162 RHOPALOCERA.

of both sexes; they were doubtless individuals of one brood, and exhibit some variation,
both as to the sinuations of the inner edge of the black border of the primaries and the
extent to which the black outer border of the secondaries is developed. Mr. Smith
says that these pup when living resembled the young undeveloped leaves of the plant
to which they were attached.

We have figured specimens taken at Cordova, Mexico.

b. Outer margin of secondaries rounded.
c. Subcostal branch of secondaries emitted close to the end of the cell.
a'. Submedian area of primaries of the male immaculate.
a, Wings yellow or orange.

10. Terias euterpe.

Colias euterpe, Mén. Bull. Mose. p. 2991; Nouv. Mém. Mose. iii. p. 121, t. 11. f. 4’.

Terias euterpe, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 859°.

Xanthidia lisa, Boisd. Lép. Am. Sept. p. 53, t. 19. ff. 4, 5°.

Terias lisa, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 661”.

¢ alis sulphureis, anticis costz dimidio basali fusco atomato, puncto ad cellule finem, apice et margine externo
late nigricantibus ; posticis margine externo quoque nigricante ad angulum analem decrescente: subtus
flavis, anticis maculis duabus ad cellule finem, punctis ad ramorum fines nigris; posticis plaga apicali
rufescente, punctis duabus ad cellule finem maculisque aliis discalibus fuscescentibus.

2 mari similis, sed alis sordide albis (nec sulphureis) ad basin fusco nebulosis ; posticis margine externo pracipue
ad angulum apicalem fuscis: subtus omnino ochraceis.

Hab. Norta America, Eastern States, Florida, Texas.—MeExtico, Presidio (Forrer),
Acaguizotla, Tierra Colorada, Rio Papagaio, Tepetlapa, Rincon (H. H. Smith), Orizaba
(F. D. G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Brrmsn Honpuras, Corosal (foe); GUATEMALA,
Duefias (fF. D. G. & O. S., Champion); Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Irazu, Caché (Rogers).

—CuBa; SAN DomiInco; JAMAICA.

We have described specimens from the State of Guerrero, which on an average have
the dark border on both wings rather wide, but the difference is unimportant ; Costa
Rican specimens have the narrowest border, but can almost be matched by others from
the State of Vera Cruz. By some authors this species is supposed to be Papilio
thymetus of Fabricius; but, as Ménétriés, when describing 7. euterpe, long ago pointed
out, Fabricius’s description is altogether too vague to be recognized with any certainty.
T. lisa of Boisduval and Leconte was proposed for the North-American insect; but as
the Antillean and North-American insects appear to be absolutely conspecific, 7’. euterpe,
which was founded on Haitian specimens, must be used for it. In our country it
cannot be called a common species, though Mr. Smith’s recent collection from the State
of Guerrero has supplied us with a fair number of specimens. In Guatemala we only
met with it in the highlands in the neighbourhood of Duefias.

TERIAS. 163

11. Terias dina.

Terias dina, Poey, Cent. Lep. ii. Decade’.

Eurema dina, Hiibn. Zutr. v. p- 37, ff. 951, 952”.

Terias dina, Lefebvre, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Ins. Cuba, vii. p. 217°.

Terias westwoodii, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 666‘; Lefebvre, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Ins. Cuba, vii.
p- 218, t. 16. ff. 2, 24°.

Terias calceolaria, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 110°.

alis citrinis, anticis margine costali angustissime, apice et margine externo latiore, nigricantibus ; posticis
area distali aurantio tincta, margine externo angustissime fusco limbato: subtus alis flavis, posticis
interdum fusco indistincte maculatis, punctis duobus ad cellule finem.

2 mari similis, sed alis flavescentioribus, anticis colore fusco ad apicem latiore et posticis ad angulum apicalem
rufescentibus ; subtus apicibus omnibus ferrugineis.

Hab. Mexico‘, Tepetlapa, Rio Papagaio, Venta de Zopilote, Rincon, Acaguizotla,
Dos Caminos, all in the State of Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Jalapa,
Orizaba (F. D. G.), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Vera Cruz (F. D. G.),
Valladolid in Yucatan (G..F. Gawmer); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); GuaTEMaLa,
Yzabal, Polochic valley, Motagua valley, Tablelands, Pacific coast (F. D. G. & O. 8.);
Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely), Ruatan Island (G. F. Gawmer); Nicaracva,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®), Irazu (Rogers).—CuBa! 2 3 5,

The Cuban and Mexican forms of this Terias have usually been considered to be
distinct, the former bearing the name 7. dina, bestowed upon it by Poey in 1832, the
latter that of 7. westwoodii, given it by Boisduval in 1836. The differences between
the two, according to Boisduval, are chiefly those of size, and, to some extent, in the
coloration of the female. We have now an extensive series of this species, and the
variation on the mainland existing amongst them is such that we find it impossible to
distinguish the mainland from the island form, and we therefore unite them under
Poey’s title.

fT. calceolaria of Messrs. Butler and Druce was based upon Costa-Rican specimens ®,
which we have now before us, with rather a pale tint, but individuals of the ordinary
type occur with them; moreover, we find both pale and dark specimens intermingled
throughout nearly the whole range of the species. The palest of our series are from the
neighbourhood of Vera Cruz, where Godman captured three specimens in January
1888; these also have a very narrow apical and marginal border. Examples from
Atoyac, taken in May, are also pale, but a little darker than the Vera Cruz ones; the
Ruatan-Island specimens too are of a decidedly pale tint. Other points of variation
are to be found in the markings of the secondaries beneath, some examples being
immaculate, others pretty freely marked with dusky spots; the females, too, vary as
regards the density of the ferruginous apical spots beneath, which in some specimens
are evanescent.

YL’. dina flies nearly throughout the year, but in greater abundance during the wet

¥ 2

164 RHOPALOCERA.

season, from May to October. Its range in altitude, both in Mexico and Guatemala,
is considerable, and extends from the sea-level to 4000 or 5000 feet.
We have described a pair taken together by Mr. Smith at Tepetlapa in October 1888.

12. Terias athalia. (Tab. LXIII. figg. 9,109, 11,122.)
Terias athalia, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 208°.

¢ alis sulphureis, anticis apice nigricante introrsum arcuato ad angulum analem sinuato; posticis immaculatis,
ad marginem internum albis: subtus pallidioribus immaculatis.

© mari similis, anticarum apicibus nigricantibus paulo latioribus ; posticis margine externo leviter fusco atomato :
subtus alis omnibus macula apicali rubra; posticis punctis duobus ad cellule finem nigris et maculis
quibusdam indistinctis discalibus fuscis.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba, David ( Champion).—CotomstAt.

Panama specimens agree accurately with others from Santa Marta which have been
compared with the type of 7. athalia; with these we believe specimens from Eastern
Ecuador, Peru, and the Amazons valley, as well as others from South-eastern Brazil
and Paraguay, will have to be associated.

The insect from the Amazons valley has been called 7. flavilla by Mr. Bates, and
more recently 7. hahneli by Dr. Staudinger; examples from this region have a slightly
wider dark apex, and the females appear to be destitute of the red apical spots beneath.
Were we confident that all certainly belonged to the same species we would use
Mr. Bates’s name 7. flavilla for it as being the oldest, but our materials are hardly
sufficiently complete to enable us to form a definite opinion; therefore, as we have no
doubt about 7. athalia, we employ that name for our Panama specimens.

As a rule the underside of the male is immaculate, but in some Colombian specimens
faint discal spots appear; these are mentioned in Felder’s description, and are shown
in Dr. Staudinger’s figure of Z. hahneli. T. athalia has as yet only been met with in
our country in the State of Panama.

Our figure of the male was taken from a specimen captured by Mr. Champion at
David, that of the female from one from the Volcan de Chiriqui.

13. Terias limbia. (Tab. LXIII. figg. 13,14¢,159.)
Terias limbia, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 86°.
Terias deva, Bates (nec Doubl.), Journ. Ent. i. p. 240”.

$ alis anticis sulphureis, costa anguste, apice et margine externo late nigris; posticis albidis interdum flavo
tinctis, margine externo plus minusve uigro: subtus pallide sulphureis fere immaculatis.
¢ mari similis, sed alis concoloribus albidis flavido vix tinctis,

Hab, GuatTemata, Central valleys (Ff. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras, San Pedro (Whitely) ;
Panama, Lion Hill (MeLeannan).—Co.omsia ; VENEZUELA! ; AMAZONS VALLEY 2; GUIANA.

This appears to be the species attributed to 7. deva by Mr. Bates; and probably
T. agave of Fabricius, but not of Donovan (whose figure represents what is now known

TERIAS. 165

as I’. chilensis of Blanchard), also belongs to it. Under these circumstances we prefer
to use Felder’s title, concerning which we have no doubt, the type being before us. We
have several specimens of this species from Panama, taken at one of the stations on the
railway line, but only a single male from the interior of Guatemala, captured by our-
selves in 1862, and a single female from Honduras.

From this it would appear that the species is anything but common in Central
America generally. .

Our figures are taken from specimens captured on the Isthmus of Panama.

14. Terias tenella.
Terias teneila, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 6577.
Terias circumcincta, Bates, Journ. Ent. p. 241’.
Terias nisella, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. p. 474°; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 207+.
Terias nelphe, R. Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 466°.
Terias stygmula, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 661°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 3597.
Eurema (Terias) venustula, Staud. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 93°.

¢ alis lete sulphureis, anticis apice et margine externo fuscis, introrsum angulum analem versus sinuatis ; posticis
quoque fusco irregulariter marginatis, ciliis flavis: subtus sulphureis unicoloribus, anticis ad costam
squamis fuscis sparsim notatis, puncto nigro ad cellule finem; posticis ad basin fusco atomatis, punctis
duobus ad cellule finem maculis irregularibus discalibus fuscescentibus.

mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus anticarum apicibus tantum fuscescentibus: subtus maculis apicalibus
rufis notatis.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan, Presidio (Forrer), Rio Papagaio, Rincon, Tierra Colorada, La
Venta, Acapulco, Tepetlapa, Venta de Zopilote, Hacienda de la Imagen, Acaguizotla,
Dos Arroyos, all in the State of Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Potrero
(Hedemann*), Orizaba (F. D. G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Vera Cruz (Sallé), Teapa
(H. H. Smith), Ruatan I. (G. F. Gaumer); Guatemaia, Choctum, Yzabal, Polochic
valley, Pacific coast (f. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo, Duefias (F. D. G. & 0. 8,
Champion), Cahabon, Chacoj, Zapote, San Isidro (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro
(G. M. Whitely); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt}; Costa Rica (Van Patten"), San
Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé), Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba, Tolé
(Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).—Sovrn America generally,
Amazons valley 2, Guiana, South Brazil, &c.

We have taken our description from a male and female from Cordova in Mexico,
which correspond with specimens compared with the types of 7. nelphe of Felder. Our
selection of about 200 specimens from the wide area mentioned above exhibits great
variation both as to size, width of the outer margin, especially of the secondaries, and
the extent of the markings on the underside of those wings. On comparing specimens
selected from most distant parts we find them to agree so closely that we see no chance
of being able to divide this variable form into either species or geographical races. On
the whole, male specimens from Western Mexico have a wider margin than those from

166 — RHOPALOCERA.

any other part; but with widely margined individuals others with scarcely any margin at
all occur, and every intermediate link between these extremes is represented.

Of the names that have been applied to this insect 7. tenella of Boisduval seems the —
most applicable, and was based on a Brazilian insect; we have compared a male from
Minas Geraes in Brazil with another from the Mexican State of Guerrero and find them
absolutely alike. The same species has no doubt been frequently called 7. nise of
Cramer; but this name, based upon a female example said to have come from Jamaica,
has been so variously applied by different writers as to be practically unintelligible, and |
for this reason we discontinue its use altogether.

T. nisella appears to us, from a specimen compared with the type, to have been based
upon a female of 7. tenella. T. nelphe of Felder applies to an insect of Eastern Mexico,
which offers no practical difference from the typical form. Of 7. venustula we have a
specimen compared with Dr. Staudinger’s type from Chiriqui; it seems to us to agree
with average examples of the ordinary form of 7. tenella. TT. circumcincta of Bates, of
which the types are before us, are of rather a richer yellow than the majority of our
specimens, but we cannot think this difference important. The specimens called
T. stygmula by Messrs. Butler and Druce appear to us to be small females of
T. tenella.

Tf. tenella is an excessively common insect, being found (except in the more northern
districts) throughout our region from the sea-level to an altitude of upwards of 5000
feet. In Mexico it probably flies throughout the year, but is perhaps most common in
the wet season, from May to October.

b'", Wings white.

15. Terias albula.
Papilio albula, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 27. f. E’.

Terias sinoe, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 5307 ; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 359°.

Terias sinoé, var. A, Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 683 *.

Terias marginella, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 97°; Buil. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 580°.

Terias albula, var. marginella, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 359".

Terias celata, R. Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 466°.

Terias leucilla, R. Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 466°.

Alis albis, apice et margine externo late fuscis, illo angulum analem versus decrescente et interdum non

attingente ; posticis interdum ad apicem fusco marginatis: subtus albis, basin versus flavo tinctis, interdum
apice et posticis omnino quoque flavescentibus, his maculis indistinctis notatis.

Hab. Muxico, Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Vera Cruz (F. D. G.), Oaxaca
(Fenochio), Frontera, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer);
British Honpuras, Corosa] (foe); GuatTEMALa, Choctum, Polochic and Motagua valleys,
Pacific coast (F. D. G. & O. S.), Panima, Zapote (Champion); Honpuras, Ruatan
Island (G. #. Gawmer), San Pedro ( Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson) ;

TERIAS. 167

Costa Rica (Van Patten ?®7), Irazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, David (Champion),
Chiriqui, Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé), Paraiso (Hughes), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).—Sovtu
AmERiIcA generally to South Brazil.

Considerable variation is found in a series of specimens as to the width of the black
margin of the secondaries, which is wholly absent in our Mexican examples; it becomes
just apparent in some females in Guatemala ; in Nicaragua it is well defined, and thence
southward throughout the whole northern portion of South America, but it becomes
again evanescent in South Brazil. As regards the underside the northern specimens are,
as a rule, much more suffused with yellow, and have indefinite spots on the secondaries.
These characters gradually disappear, until we find in most southern examples the
under surface nearly immaculate white, with a yellowish tinge at the base of the
wings. Lastly, as regards size, with a vast majority of specimens of average dimensions
we find, very generally dispersed, examples of very small size which we are not other-
wise able to distinguish from those with which they are associated.

Of the names which have been given to this variable form, 7. lucilla and T. celata
apply to the insect of South-eastern Mexico, 7. marginella to that of Venezuela, found
also, according to Butler and Druce, in Costa Rica. The original 7’. a/bula of Cramer
came from Guiana, and the figure shows no dark margin to the secondaries ; but with
Guiana specimens like the figure we also find others with the black margins, these we
believe to be females. 7. albula appears to be a common species wherever it is found
from the sea-level to an altitude of 3000 or 4000 feet; it is common in Eastern Mexico,
probably as far north as Tampico, but it is apparently absent from the western side of
that country. In Guatemala it occurs on both sides of the Cordillera.

Note.—TZerias gnathene, Boisd. (Sp. Gén. p. 680 ; Geyer in Hiibn. Zutr. v. ff. 937, 938),
is stated to have come from Yucatan by Boisduval, and from Honduras by Mr. Butler
(P. Z. S. 1871, p. 530), who also gives 7. messalina (Fabr.) from the latter source,
specimens of both having been purchased for the British Museum from a dealer in
1839.

We are convinced that the former is the male of the latter, and that the species is
an Antillean one, found in Cuba and Jamaica, and also in the island of New Providence,
whence Mr. Taylor has recently sent us a series of specimens. Its presence on the
continent of Central America requires confirmation.

16. Terias mana. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 13, 14 3.)
Terias mana, Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 681'; Bates, Journ. Ent. i. p. 243%.

Alis albis, anticis costa a basi grisea, apice et margine externo fuscis, illo introrsum angulum analem versus
excavato; posticis nonnunquam margine externo griseo tincto: subtus anticis area interna alba, costa et
apice cum posticis flavescentibus, illis maculis indistinctis fuscis notatis,

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Janson); Panama, Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Gutana ;
AMAZONS VALLEY 2; Nortu BRAZIL.

168 RHOPALOCERA.

The dusky basal half of the costa of the primaries renders this species easy of
recognition. The sexes as determined by Mr. Bates are almost exactly alike.

This species appears to be rather scarce in our region; we have as yet seen only a
single specimen from Nicaragua and three from the State of Panama. |

Mr. Kirby has placed 7. mana as a simple synonym of 7. agave of Cramer, thereby |
following Boisduval himself, who cites Cramer’s plate as applicable to his 7. mana; but
the description shows discrepancies which are hardly reconcilable. In the first place
the black border of the secondaries in the figure of 7. agave extends round the anal
angle instead of stopping short of it, and there isa much wider dark border to the
secondaries than in any specimen before us. Under these circumstances we think it
- best to use the name 7. mana for this species.
We figure a male from the Isthmus of Panama.

6". Submedian area of primaries of male black.

ce". Inner area of secondaries yellow.

17. Terias jucunda. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 9,103, 11.122.)
Xanthidia gucunda, Boisd. & Lec. Hist. Gén. Lép. Am. Sept. p. 52, t. 19. ff. 1-37.
Terias jucunda, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 6657; Lép. Guat. p. 12?°

d alis sulphureis, anticis limbo costali plus minusve fusco atomato, apice late fusco introrsum arcuato et
angulum analem versus sinuato, vitta interna fusca cano pilosa, margine interno infra eam aurantio ;
posticis plaga magna apicali fusca, reliquo plus minusve fusco atomato: subtus sericeo-albis, anticis area
discoidali flavo lavata. .

? mari similis, sed anticis vitta interna fere obsoleta: subtus flavescentioribus, plus minusve fusco irregulariter
atomatis.

Hab. Norra America, Southern States, Florida?.—Mexico%, Misantla, Orizaba
(#. D. G.),Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Brirtisn Honpuras, Corosal (Roe).

We have described and figured specimens taken at Orizaba in March 1888. They
do not quite correspond with typical 7. yucunda from Florida, being of rather a paler
yellow, and the outer border of the secondaries is not quite so definite. Beneath they
almost exactly correspond, the males having a yellow wash over the discal area of the
primaries, and the secondaries are silky white, with a few dark scattered scales.
Compared with 7. sidonia, which has also yellow secondaries, 7. jucunda differs in
its less definite border to those wings, and by the absence of yellow on the primaries
beneath ; moreover, the female of 7. sidonia is hardly tinged with yellow, and has all
the lighter margins of the wings obscured by numerous dark scales.

TL. jucunda appears to be wholly an eastern insect, and in Mexico is confined to the
shores of the gulf, extending southward to British Honduras.

TERIAS. 169

18. Terias cepio, sp.n. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 5, 6¢, 7, 82.)
Terias delia, Butl. P. Z. 8S. 1871, p. 533 (partim)*.

¢ alis sulphureis ciliis albicantibus, anticis limbo costali fusco atomato, apice late fusco introrsum arcuato,
angulum analem versus sinuato, ante angulum analem ipsum abbreviato, vitta margini interno parallela
fusca cano pilosa, margine interno infra eam aurantio; posticis plaga magna subtriangulari ad angulum
apicalem, punctis quibusdam ad marginem externum fuscis: subtus ochraceo-gilvis, anticis interne
sulphureis, posticis undique fusco atomatis, maculis irregularibus discalibus fuscescentibus.

~ Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (G. F. Mathew), Presidio (A. Forrer), Acapulco (A. H.
Markham), Tepetlapa, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith), Patzcuaro (Ff. D. G.), Puebla,
Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

We have described and figured a male and female captured in October, 1888, by
Mr. H. H. Smith at Tepetlapa, in the State of Guerrero, at an altitude of 3000 feet
above the sea. As a rule 7. cepio may be distinguished by the bright yellow colour of
its wings on the upperside, and by the rufescent tint of the secondaries beneath, espe-
cially those of the females; these characters are more strongly shown in specimens from
Western Mexico than they are in those from the eastern side of the Cordillera, where
some intermediate forms occur leading to 7. persistens. The nearest ally, however, to
this form is 7. delia of the Eastern States of North America. 7. delia, however, may
be readily distinguished by its rufous fringe to the wings, and the deep ferruginous tint
of the secondaries beneath. 7’. cepio enjoys a wide range in altitude, occurring at the
sea-level at Mazatlan, and as high as 7000 feet at Puebla. It appears to occur all the
year round, but is more abundant in the wet season.

19. Terias sidonia. (Tab. LXIII. figg. 16,176, 18,192.)
Terias sidonia, R. Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 465°; Butl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 532°.

¢ alis sulphureis, anticis limbo costali fusco plus minusve flavo atomato, apice late fusco introrsum arcuato, ad
angulum analem trisinuato, vitta interna fusca cano pilosa, margine interno infra eam aurantio; posticis
late fusco marginatis, interdum undique fusco atomatis: subtus sericeo-albis, immaculatis.

mari similis, sed alis sordide albo nec flavo tinctis, et undique fusco atomatis.

Hab. Mexico2, Ventanas in Durango (Forrer), Acapulco (J. J. Walker, A. H. Markham,
H. H. Smith), Rio Papagaio, Rincon, Tierra Colorada, Acaguizotla, Dos Arroyos, Venta
de Zopilote, Hacienda de la Imagen, La Venta, Tepetlapa, Xucumanatlan, Chilpancingo,
Amula, all in the State of Guerrero (7H. H. Smith), Cuernavaca (mus. Felder! & H. H.
Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Cordova (Riimelt), Orizaba (fF. D. G.), Teapa in Tabasco
(H. H. Smith), Campeche (mus. Felder), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer).

We have described and figured a pair taken together by Mr. H. H. Smith at Acapulco
in September 1888; these agree sufficiently with a specimen from Oaxaca compared
with Felder’s type. The species is a very variable one, especially as regards the width
and definition of the marginal border of the secondaries in the male, and the extent

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IL., November 1889. Z

170 RHOPALOCERA.

to which the yellow portions of those wings are sprinkled with dark scales, in some
specimens the yellow being nearly pure, in others almost wholly obscured. Another
point of variation lies in the dark band near the inner margin of the primaries, which
in some cases joins the outer border, but in others, as is usual in this group, sometimes
falls short of it. Some females are almost wholly fuscous, and nearly all have the
lighter portion of the wings overspread with dark scales. The specimens from Eastern
Mexico, Cordova, &c. are hardly typical, the males approaching those of 7. jucunda, so
that one cannot always be certain to which form they should be referred; but the form
of Western Mexico, as a whole, is fairly definite.

Mr. Smith’s specimens from Western Mexico were all taken between June and
October, that is, during the wet season. A single male was captured at Teapa in
April, and Godman’s Orizaba specimens in December, so that the insect probably flies
during the whole year. :

d. Inner area of secondaries white.

20. Terias persistens. (Tab. LXIII. figg. 24, 25.3, 26, 279.)
Terias persistens, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 110°; P.Z.S. 1874, p. 8597.

TL’. cepioni similis, sed posticis albis nec flavis distinguenda.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla, Orizaba (F. D. G.), Jalapa (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac (H. H.
Smith); Guaremaa, Central valleys, Duefias (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Cahabon (Champion) ;
Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten 2), Irazu and San Francisco
(fogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).

We have described and figured Costa Rican specimens, the types of Messrs. Butler
and Druce’s 7. persistens1. The species is closely allied to 7. rhodia of Felder, being
similarly marked on the underside; but the dark band parallel to the inner border of
the primaries in the male is much narrower in the latter species, and has a tendency to
become obsolete. Specimens from Eastern Mexico frequently have a slight tinge of
yellow on the secondaries, and are rather less rufescent on the underside of those wings ;
they thus show an approximation towards 7’. cepio, which is found in the same districts.

Its range in altitude extends from the sea-level to a height of 5000 feet. |

21. Terias lydia. (Tab. LXIII. figg. 20, 21 6, 22, 23 9.)
Terias lydia, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 877; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 206”.
Terias elathea, Reakirt, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 360?°; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 12‘?
Terias palmira, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 582°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 359 (nec Poey)*.
Terias eugenia, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 53817; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 359 (mec Wallengren)*.

T. sidonie affinis, sed posticis interne pure albis, femina vitta interna vix ulla et area pallida haud fusco
atomata.

Hab. Mexico *, Orizaba, Jalapa (F. D. G.), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Cordova

TERIAS. 171

(Liimeli) ; Guatemaua 4, Yzabal, Polochic valley, San Gerdénimo, Chuacus, Dueiias,
Pacific coast (F. D. G. & O. S.), Zapote (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. WM.
Whitely) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Caché (Rogers);
Panama, Bugaba, David (Champion), Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill (M*Leannan) ;
CotomBia!?; VENEZUELA 2,

We have described and figured a pair taken together at Zapote in Western Guatemala
by Mr.Champion. The male agrees closely with one of the types of 7’. lydia now before
us, differing only in having the dark band parallel to the inner border of the primaries
rather wider ; but narrow banded specimens occur throughout our region, so that we do
not attach much value to this difference. In its typical form the secondaries beneath
‘are nearly pure white; but there is a good deal of variation, especially amongst the
females, in this respect, some specimens of that sex from the interior of Guatemala are
completely overcast with greenish-dusky scales. ‘The typical form has the secondaries
nearly evenly bordered with dusky black. ‘This character, however, varies to such an
extent that the border is sometimes almost confined to an apical spot ; and when this is
the case the individual resembles 7. persistens or T. rhodia, but may then be dis-
tinguished by the pale and not rufescent under surface of the wings. Whether T. lydia
is really distinguishable from 7. palmira of Poey is, we think, an open question. The
males are exceedingly alike; but as the females of the latter species are rather whiter
at the base of the costa, and are more rufescent beneath, we are reluctant to unite
the island and mainland forms.

Messrs. Butler and Druce referred a male from Van Patten’s collection to T. palmira,
and a female to 7. eugenia of Wallengren; we have, however, just stated our reasons
for not considering 7. palmira identical with T. lydia, and as to 7. eugenia we are in
considerable doubt as to what it refers. Mr. Butler has usually referred it to a Central-
American or Antillean habitat ; but the type is said to have come from the island of
San Jose, which we take to be the island of that name in the Gulf of California. We
have nothing at all resembling 7. lydia from this region, so that we hesitate to accept
Mr. Butler’s identification of 7. eugenia.

22. Terias vitellina. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 1,24, 38,42.)
Lerias vitellina, Feld. Wien. ent.: Mon. v. p. 86'; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 202’.

é alis anticis sulphureis, limbo costali et apice late fuscis, hoc introrsum sinuato, illo sulphureo atomato, vitta
margini interno parallela nigerrima extrorsum aurantio limbata; posticis albis, margine externo fusco ad
angulum apicalem latiore: subtus albis flavido tinctis, anticis ad apicem et posticis undique squamis fuscis
atomatis et nonnunquam maculis obsoletis fuscis notatis.

@ mari similis, anticis vix flavo tinctis, vitta submarginali nigra absente; subtus paullo rufescentioribus.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Vol-

can de Chiriqui (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé), Colon(Boucard).—CoLomBia; VENEZUELA?!?,

We have described and figured a male from Chiriqui, which agrees very closely with
Z2

172 RHOPALOCERA.

typical specimens from Colombia; and with this an example from Colon also corresponds,
except that the secondaries beneath are rather more spotted. Other specimens from
Central America differ as to the submarginal black band of the males, which in some is
but faintly shown and in others is almost obsolete, but in all cases this band is clearly
black and not fuscous. ‘There is also great variation in the width of the marginal band
of the secondaries. |

The female we have figured is from Veraguas, the male from the Volcan de Chiriqui.

NATHALIS.
Nathalis, Boisduval, Sp. Gén. i. p. 589; Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 54.

This genus is closely allied to Terias in several essential points of structure. The
harpagones of the male bear towards the extremity a series of points very similar to
those of Terias. There is, however, a difference in the form of the wings, which are
more elongated than in Terias, and the primaries have only two subcostal branches *.
In Terias three subcostal branches are always present.

Nathalis, as represented by WN. iole, has a wide range in all open places throughout
our region from Honduras, Guatemala and thence northward into the frontier States
of North America, and also occurs in the Greater Antilles. In the Andes of North-

western South America an allied species occurs.

1. Nathalis iole. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 15, 164,17, 182.)
Nathalis ole, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 589°.
Nathalis luteolus, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 350’.

& alis sulphureis, anticis apice late nigro, fascia subcellulari a basi prope angulum analem extendente basin
squamis flavis intermixtis ; posticis margine externo et venarum finibus nigris, ciliis flavis: subtus sulphureis,
anticis fascia costali aurantia, altera margini interno paralleli et punctis duobus ad finem ejus nigris ; posticis
fascia obsoleta fusca margini externo subparalleli.

Q mari similis, anticis fusco nec nigro notatis ; posticis aurantiis ad basin, et fascia submarginali, fuscis, squamis
flavis notatis: subtus anticis apice et posticis omnino squamis olivaceis irroratis.

Hab. Norta America, South-western States, Arizona, Texas.—MeExico, Northern
Sonora (Morrison), Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Ventanas (Forrer),
Venta de Zopilote, Dos Arroyos, La Venta (H. H. Smith), Cuernavaca, Aguas Calientes,
Mexico city, Jalapa, Puebla (F. D. G.), Cordova (fiimelt), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes,
F. D. G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremaa, Polochic valley, Central valleys, Duefias

(F. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo, Duefias (Champion) ; Honpuras 2.—Cupa; Jamaica.
Our figures are taken from specimens captured by Mr. H. H. Smith at Atoyac in
May 1888.

* Mr. Butler (Cist. Ent. i. p. 41) describes the neuration of the wings very differently ; what we consider
the upper radial he calls the fourth subcostal branch, and he treats the upper radial as absent.

NATHALIS.—DISMORPHINA. 173

Nathalis iole is common in the South-western States and California, and thence
spreads southwards over nearly the whole of the mountainous parts of Mexico and
Guatemala. Its range in altitude is considerable, and extends from about 1500 feet
above the level of the sea to 7000 or 8000 feet. It is found in open places, where it
frequently associates with species of Terias.

Both sexes are subject to some variation, which chiefly affects the dark band parallel
to the inner border of the primaries. In some specimens this band is evanescent, in
others strongly defined.

Group DISMORPHINA.

Subcostal nervure of primaries four-branched ; tegumen of the male furcate.

Dismorphia and its allies offer so many points of distinction from the rest of the
Pierine that it seems advisable to place them in a separate section or group. The
secondary sexual organs of the male, though closely resembling one another as described
below, differ materially from all the other members of the Pierine we have examined.

The secondaries in the females of every member of this section, and in the males
in nearly every case, have the subcostal branch emitted some distance beyond the cell.
The structure of the antenne presents the greatest peculiarity. Hach of the seven or
eight joints forming the distal end of the club have four round depressions surrounding
their distal edge, which we take to be sensory pits, a structure more complicated than
we have yet found in any other group of the Pierine, though Terias possesses a ventral
series of similar depressions. Another peculiarity of this section is the cretaceous patches
on the underside of the primaries, and the upperside of the secondaries being surrounded
with a smooth silky area, which Doubleday describes as composed of exceedingly minute
and peculiarly-formed scales. These latter do not exceed the six hundred and fiftieth part
of an inch in breadth or the four hundredth of an inch in length; they are heart-shaped,
deeply lobed at the base, more or less rounded at the apex, varying a little in the pro-
portion of length to breadth; the lobes at the base project beyond the little foot-stalk
by which they are attached to the wing, which has its origin at the deepest part of the
notch between the lobes. Each scale is therefore bent to allow of its attachment to the
wing; the chalky spot in the middle of this silvery patch is composed of scales of
ordinary form, more erect and more imbricate than is usually the case.

The posterior wings are in most cases extraordinarily developed, and in this respect
have no parallel in other Pierine.

The Dismorphina are peculiarly tropical American, and there is nothing like them
in any portion of the Old World.

Doubleday and the older writers, deceived by the resemblance of the pattern of the
wings of several species of Dismorphia to that of certain Heliconine, considered that
there might be a real relationship between these insects. The fully-developed front

174 RHOPALOCERA.

legs in both sexes, and the bifid claws on all the legs in the Dismorphina, are
conclusive evidence that they are true Pierine, and are in no way connected with the
Heliconine.

DISMORPHIA.

Dismorphia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 10; Kirby, Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 482.
Leptalis, Dalman, An. Ent. p. 40; Boisduval, Sp. Gén. i. p. 412; Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep..
p. 35.

A close examination of the members of the old genus Dismorphia, or Leptalis as it has
been more frequently called, reveals the fact that great diversity of structure exists amongst
them—so much so that we think it necessary to divide it into four separate genera, and
we believe that further subdivision will hereafter be found expedient.

The main grounds of separation may be briefly stated as follows :—

A. First subcostal branch of the primaries united with the costal.
a. First subcostal branch of the primaries emitted beyond the end
of the cell.
a'. Subcostal branch of the secondaries in the ¢ emitted far
beyond the end of the cell. (Type Papilio amphione,Cr.) Dismorputa.
6’. Subcostal branch of the secondaries in the ¢ emitted at the

end of the cell. (Type Pieris nemesis, Latr.) . . . ACMEPTERON.
6. First subcostal branch of the primaries emitted at the end of
the cell. (Type Papilio melite, Linn.) . . . . ... . Enanmta.

B. First subcostal branch of the primariesfree. (Type Pieris nehemia, Bdv.) Psruporieris.

Papilio amphione of Cramer may be considered the type of Hiibner’s genus Dismorphia
as here restricted, Dalman’s name Leptalis being unfortunately strictly synonymous.
D. praxinoe of our regicn is the only truly typical species found there; the other six
are all more or less aberrant, but for the present we think it advisable not to carry
generic subdivision further.

The subcostal nervure of the primaries of D. praxinoe reaches the margin at the apex
of the wing; the upper discocellular is quite short, and meets the subcostal nearly at a
right angle; the middle discocellular is bent to a right angle in the middle, and the
lower discocellular is nearly in a line with the third segment of the median ; the costal
side of the cell is a little longer than the median side. The second and third segments
of the median nervure of the secondaries are subequal, the lower discocellular is nearly
at a right angle to the latter ; the subcostal branch leaves the subcostal far beyond the
cell. In the female the apex of the primaries is of a different outline, and is prolonged
into a hook, into the point of which the upper radial enters; the lower discocellular is
much shorter than in the male, and thus the median side of the cell is longer than the
costal; the secondaries are narrower in proportion to their length; the cell also is
narrower. The terminal joint of the palpi is very short, the middle joint being but

DISMORPHIA. 175

slightly longer ; the basal joint is unusually long. The harpagones of the male organs
terminate in a blunt densely chitinous lobe; the tegumen has no central point, but
bifurcates, each fork ending in a strongly chitinous point, so that the extremities of
these organs show four strong points.

The female of D. praxinoe does not appear to possess any chitinous spiny patch, but
a small one is present in both D. fortunata and D. pallidula. We have already alluded
to the variation in the structure of the species we still retain in Dismorphia; the seven
found in our region may be grouped as follows :—

a. Upper discocellular of the primaries short.
a’, Anal angle of primaries obsolete, outer margin concave.
a". Second and third median segments subequal . . . 1. prazinoe.

6". Second median segment shorter than the third . . . 2. pallidula.
3. medora.
b'. Anal angle of primaries prominent, outer margin convex 4, fortunata.
, 5. ribbei.
6. Upper discocellular of the primaries long . . . . . . . . 6. sororna.
7. myris.

Dismorphia, as here restricted, comprises a large portion of the species included in it
under its wider sense, and embraces all those that have the coloration of the Ithomiine;
they are distributed over nearly the whole of tropical America, their metropolis being
the valley of the Amazons, where they were carefully studied by Mr. Bates, and formed
the chief examples brought forward in his paper on mimetic resemblances.

1. Dismorphia praxinoe.
Leptalis praxinoe, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 419"; Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 36 *.
Dismorphia amphione, Butler & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 862°.
Leptalis amphithea, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 144 (¢) *.
Dismorphia arsinoides, Staud. Ex. Schmett. p. 25, t. 15°.

d alis elongatis, anticis fusco-nigris, litura a basi vena mediana et ramo suo primo tripartita aurantio-rubra,
linea angustissima inter venam costalem et subcostalem ad cellule finem haud extensa, altera breviore a
basi infra venam medianam coloris ejusdem, maculis tribus exterioribus, una vena subcostali partita, secunda
ultra venas discoidales, tertia subovali margini externo propiore et tribus subapicalibus flavis ; posticis
plaga permagna subovata costam aream distalem occupante cana sericeo-fusca marginata, litura infra
venam medianam venis quadripartita fulvo-aurantiaca infra eam nigro-fuscis ad angulum analem rufo-
brunneis: subtus anticis regione costali et apicali flavescenti-fuscis, maculis flavis sicut in pagina superiore,
plaga magna canescente aream mediam et posteriorem occupante et sericeo-fusco circumcincta ; posticis
rufo-fuscis, maculis variis presertim in dimidio apicali flavidis.

Q mari similis, sed anticis costa apicem versus valde arcuatis et hamatis, coloribus omnibus dilutioribus,
maculis flavis ad cellule finem fulvo tinctis; posticis fuscis litura mediana a basi fere ad apicem extensa
fulva, costa et margine externo ad angulum analem ferrugineis; subtus anticis fere ut supra sed dilu-
tioribus, posticis pallide ferrugineis flavo et fusco indistincte maculatis.

Hab. Mexico (Sallé*), Mazatlan (forrer), Orizaba, Oaxaca (Fenochio), Cordova

176 RHOPALOCERA.

(Riimeli), Cuesta de Misantla (I. Trujillo), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata,
Chisoy and Polochic valleys, Choctum (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Senahu, San Juan in Vera
Paz, Panima, Volcan de Atitlan, Las Mercedes (Champion); Nicaraeua, Chontales
(Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Arcé, Champion),
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion, Ribbe>), Veraguas (Arcé).

Doubleday’s description of this insect! was taken from a female obtained by the
botanical collector Hartweg, though from what locality is not stated *; he subse-
quently gives it as Mexico. The male was afterwards described by Felder as L. am-
phithea, from specimens sent him by M. Sallé. We have a good series of examples
from Mexico, and from the whole of Central America to the State of Panama,
throughout which wide area little or no individual variation can be traced. It inhabits
the mountain-slopes to an elevation of from 3000 to 4000 feet. The female has a
colour resemblance to Mechanitis doryssus, a species abundant throughout the same
area.

D. praxinoe is allied to D. amphione of Cramer, with which it was confounded by
Messrs. Butler and Druce.

2, Dismorphia pallidula. (Leptalis pallidula, Tab. LX. figg. 9,103, 112.)
Dismorphia pallidula, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 363°.
Dismorphia othoé, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 863° (nec Hew.).
¢ alis anticis fuscis, macula costali subovata ad cellule finem, altera minore subapicali et margine interno
anguste virescenti-albis ; posticis plaga subcostali ovata fulvo-fusca sericeo-albo cireumcincta, area mediana
late viridescenti-alba, margine externo late fusco: subtus flavescentibus, anticis maculis paging superioris
indistincte indicatis, plaga mediana ovata fulvo-ferruginea, sericeo-albo circumcincta, in area discali et in

costa rufo irroratis; posticis area mediana pallide sulphurea extrorsum in regione costali, apicali et
margine externo rufo irroratis.

Q mari similis, sed alis anticis magis obtusis et maculis majoribus; posticis costa et area interna flavescenti-
albis: subtus anticis (nisi margine externo et macula costali) pallide fuscis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten’ *), Caché, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé),
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

D. patlidula has some resemblance, so far as the position of its markings are con-
cerned, to D. othoé, of Colombia and Ecuador, but may at once be distinguished by the
sexual alar stigmata of the males being brown instead of white; moreover, those
markings which are pale yellow in D. othoé are in the present species white. So far
as we know the range of this species is restricted to Costa Rica and the State of
Panama, whence we have had numerous specimens sent us. Mr. Champion took it
on the slope of the Volcano of Chiriqui as high as 4000 feet above the sea.

* Hartweg travelled in Mexico between 1836 and 1839; in the latter year he went to Guatemala. See
Biol. Centr.-Am., Bot. IV. p. 126.

DISMORPHIA. 177

8. Dismorphia medora. |

Leptalis medora, Doubl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 420'; Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. t. 5.
f. 47,

Leptalis cesta, Koll. Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien, i. p. 860, t. 45. ff. 9, 10°.

6 alis fuscis, anticis macula obliqua irregulari ad cellule finem, duabus minutis subcostalibus, tertia in margine
interno flavis ; posticis plaga subcostali sordide ochracea, nitente margaritaceo circumcincta, litura discali
flava: subtus flavidis, anticis plaga mediana ovata sordide cretacea, nitente margaritaceo circumcincta,
macula in coste medio et fascia subapicali rubescentibus ; posticis plaga irregulari a costa ultra cellulam
extensa, aliisque minoribus per alam diffusis quoque rubidis.

@ mari similis, sed maculis tribus (nec duabus) subapicalibus ; posticis area interna ultra cellulam prolongata
flava, marginibus fuscis: subtus anticis macula costali sicut in pagina superiore fusco et ferrugineo circum-
cincta, posticis undique leviter rufo irroratis.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).—CotomBia!; VENEZUELA.

This species was based upon Colombian specimens, and has since been traced over a
large portion of South America, including Venezuela, the Andes of Ecuador and Bolivia,
and the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro in Brazil, and we see no tangible points of differ-
_ ence between examples from these widely distant localities. Our authority for including
it in this work rests upon a single male specimen sent us from the State of Panama
by Arcé. It agrees accurately with Colombian examples,

4, Dismorphia fortunata. (Leptalis fortunata, Tab. LXI. figg. 1,23,39.)
Leptalis fortunata, Luc. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1854, p. 55, t. 3. ff. 1, la’.
Leptalis antherize, Hew. Ex. Butt., Leptalis, t. 3. f. 12°.

6 alis anticis chalybeo-fuscis, vittula elongata intra cellulam hyalina, macula subapicali transversa albida ;
posticis hyalinis regione costali et subcostali margaritaceis, vena mediana et ramis ejus cum margine
externo fuscis: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis dimidic posteriore margaritaceo, punctis ad apicem
albis ; posticis regione subcostali brunnea, vittula albida ad costee basin, maculis tribus ad apicem, prima
permagna, secunda et tertia rotundatis aliisque elongatis in margine ipso, fascia submarginali rufo-fulva,
puncto fulvo-ochraceo in costa ad basin.

mari similis, sed colore chalybeo absente; anticis vittula hyalina majore et infra venam medianam
extendente: subtus anticis fere ut supra et posticis sicut in mari, sed costa fusca (nec albida) maculis
albis ad apicem et in margine externo minoribus.

Hab. Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (IZ. Trujillo), Jalapa (Hége), Tabasco (Morelet *) ;
GuaTEMALA, Choctum, Polochic valley (f. D. G. & O. S.), Panima, Sabo’ (Champion);
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu, Caché (fogers) ;
Panama, Bugaba (Arcé, Champion), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).

D. fortunata is the only Dismorphia, with the exception of D. ribbei, resembling an
Ithomia within our region, where it is by no means uncommon from Southern Mexico
to the State of Panama. Itis found in the lower forest-regions in company with Leuco-
thyris victorina, to which it bears, especially the female, an exceedingly close general
resemblance. Specimens vary but little; we notice, however, that the transverse discal
band, especially in the males, is narrower and shorter in some specimens than in others.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1889. 2A

178 “ RHOPALOCERA.

5. Dismorphia ribbei. (Leptalis ridbei, Tab. LXI. fig. 4.)
Leptalis ribbei, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 5, ii. p. 265 (1878°).

Alis nigricanti-fuscis ; anticis dimidio basali interne venis diviso hyalino, maculis duabus discalibus transversis
alteraque ad apicem albis; posticis preter marginem externum hyalinis venis nigris divisis: subtus dilu-
tioribus, anticis maculis evanescentibus ad marginem externum albis; posticis margine externo maculis
sex albis notato.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (£7bbe ').

A single female specimen in Dr. Staudinger’s collection obtained by Herr Ribbe in
Chiriqui is the only example we have seen of this insect. It is allied to D. theonoe,
but the diaphanous portion of the basal half of the primaries is much more extensive,
the apical spot on the primaries is very small, and there is no spot on the costa near
the apical angle of the secondaries.

6. Dismorphia sororna.

Dismorphia sororna, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 82°; Lep. Ex. p. 122, t. 46. ff. 1, 2°; Butl. & Druce,
P.Z.S. 1874, p. 362°.

6 alis anticis fusco-nigris, maculis tribus ad cellule finem, una inter venam costalem et subcostalem, secunda
inter venas radiales, tertia marginem externum propiore, tribus subapicalibus et quatuor ad apicem ipsum
minoribus, flavis, macula elongata inter ramum medianum primum et secundum flava, fulvo tincta;
posticis plaga magna distali cana margaritaceo circumcincta, triente anali ferruginea, margine externo
fusco, apicem versus maculis tribus flavis notatis: subtus anticis plaga magna mediana subovali albida
margaritaceo circumcincta, costa et apice pallide fuscis, maculis pagine superioris notatis, iis ad apicem
albis (nec flavis) ; posticis fuscis, maculis flavis subapicalibus ad marginem externum albis notatis, plaga
magna ferruginea a margine interno angulum analem versus extensa.

Q mari similis, sed anticis pallidioribus maculis plerumque indistinctis ; posticis fulvo-ferrugineis, costa, apice
introrsum bene denticulata, et margine externo anguste, fuscis, maculis tribus ad apicem ipsum flavis:
subtus fere ut supra, anticis maculis apicalibus albis, posticis in margine externo serie punctorum
alborum.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten 1).

A male and four females of this fine species were contained in Van Patten’s collection
from Costa Rica, and formed the types of Mr. Butler’s description. Both it and the
following species are evidently allied to D. cordillera of Felder from Colombia, but they
both of them differ in having the apical spots yellow in both sexes instead of white.
The females have a strong resemblance in the outline of the wings, and in their colora-
tion, to various butterflies of the genera Tuthorea, Ceratinia, Olyras, Heliconius, Eueides,
Eresia, &c., all found in the same region. J. sororna differs from D. myris in having
the cell in the region of the median nervure black; beneath the secondaries are
destitute of the large ochreous median patch prominent in the allied species.

7. Dismorphia myris, sp. n.
Dismorphia cordillera, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 862’.

g D. sororne similis, anticis vittula irregulari a basi vena mediana divisa fulvo-aurantia, lineam brevem flavam
inter ramum medianum primum et secundum attingente ; posticis triente anali fulva (nec ferruginea) :

DISMORPHIA.—ACMEPTERON. 179

subtus coloribus letioribus ; posticis area anteriore flavescente, macula magna in cellula et fascia irregulari
a costa ad medium marginis externi transeunte, fuscis, triente anali aurantio-fulva (nec ferruginea).

2 femine D. sororne similis, sed anticis vittula elongata mediana a basi angulum analem versus extendente
ferruginea, ad finem cum maculis discalibus semihyalinis ; posticis area mediana ochracea tincta et semi-
hyalina: subtus coloribus omnibus dilutioribus maculisque majoribus, area mediana ochracea.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten '); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, 4000 to 6000 feet
(Champion).

A single female of this species was included by Messrs. Butler and Druce in their
list of Costa-Rican butterflies under the name of D. cordillera of Felder, but the
acquisition of two male examples from the Volcano of Chiriqui we think clearly shows
that none of them are referable to the southern species. The rufous streak over the
median nervure of the primaries on the upper surface in both sexes readily distinguishes
D. myris from D. sororna; moreover, the former has a large ochraceous spot in the
middle of the secondaries beneath, though this latter character is more pronounced in
one of our specimens than in the other. .

Mr. Champion’s two male specimens were taken at an elevation of between 4000 and
6000 feet above the level of the sea.

ACMEPTERON, gen. nov.

We use Pieris nemesis of Latreille as the type of this genus. The male differs from
Dismorphia in having the branch of the subcostal of the secondaries emitted at the end
of the cell instead of beyond it, though the female resembles Dismorphia in this respect.
The middle discocellular is bent to a right angle, each section and the upper and lower
discocellulars being subequal, but the latter in the female are much abbreviated. The
harpagones of the male terminate in two strongly chitinous dentate lobes. The bursa
copulatrix of the female has a spinous patch rounded at each end and somewhat
constricted in the middle.

The four species we include in this genus are all closely allied; three of them are
peculiar to Central America, and the fourth, A, nemesis, has a wide range over the
slopes of the Andes in South America.

1. Acmepteron nemesis.
Pieris nemesis, Latr. Humb. & Bonpl. Obs. Zool. ii. p. 78, t. 35. ff. 7,8".
Leptalis atthis, Doubl. in Gray’s Zool. Mise. p. 75”.
Dismorphia nemesis, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 362°; Staud. Ex. Schmett. p. 26+.

é alis anticis nigro-fuscis et valde angulatis, venis ad basin, maculis tribus obliquis ultra cellulam, aliisque
apicem propioribus (et interdum duabus elongatis infra venam medianam) flavis; posticis plaga mediana
subovali fusca sericeo-fusco circumcincta, regionem anteriorem usque ad venam medianam occupante,
triente anali et macula apicalem versus flavis, litura infra venam medianam et margine apicem versus
fuscis, ciliis favis: subtus anticis sericeo-fuscis, plaga mediana pallide fusca, apicibus rufescentibus et
griseo atomatis ; posticis rufescenti-fuscis, fascia irregulari maculosa fere obsoleta a margine interno ad
costam extendente pallidiore maculisque indistinctis, aliis griseo atomatis angulum analem versus flavo
notatis et rufo atomatis.

2a2

180 RHOPALOCERA.

@ alis anticis fuscis, margine interno late (in cellulam extendente), macula irregulari costali ad cellule finem,
secunda subovata marginem externum propiore aliisque minutis apicem propioribus sulphureis ; posticis
sulphureis, apice et margine externo fusco limbatis: subtus fere ut supra, sed pallidioribus et posticis rufo-
fusco atomatis. |

Hab. Mzxico, Omilteme, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla (IZ. Trujillo),
Jalapa (F. D. G., Deppe, Schaus), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes); Guatemata, Chuacus, Central
and Polochic valleys, San Gerénimo, Tablelands, Rio Chisoy, Choctum (f. D. G. &
O. 8.), Los Altos (0. 8.), Sabo, Purula, Teleman, San Gerénimo (Champion) ; Costa
Rica (Van Patten 3), Irazu (Rogers) ; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui
(Arcé).—CotomB1a to Botivia and VENEZUELA.

This is one of the most widely distributed species of this group, occurring in abund-
ance from Mexico to Bolivia, and hardly showing any variation throughout its range.

It is an inhabitant of the forest on the slopes of the mountain ranges, and occurs in
Guatemala at least as high as 7000 to 8000 feet above the sea, but Mr. Champion
took it at Teleman in the Valley of the Polochic at a very low elevation.

2. Acmepteron cinerascens. (Leptalis cinerascens, Tab. LX. fig. 8.)
Leptalis cinerascens, Salv. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 4, vii. p. 415°. .

6 alis anticis nigro-fuscis, maculis tribus in linea obliqua positis ad cellule finem, una in costam, altera ultra
eam et tertia margini externo propiore, et duabus apicem versus griseis ; posticis area anteriore usque vena
mediana sericeo-fuscis, plaga subovata mediana fusca, litura a margine interno apicem versus angustiore
grisea, ad basin et in margine externo fuscis: subtus anticis pallidis, plaga mediana ovali fusca sericeo
circumcincta, costa et apice pallide fuscis; posticis flavescenti-fuscis, fascia transversa arcuata indistincta
per cellule finem sordide pallidiore marginem externum versus griseo et angulum analem versus atomatis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Carmiol1); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé, Zahn).

A. nemesis is the species to which this is allied; the yellow markings are replaced
by grey; this applies only to the male, as the female of A. cinerascens remains yet to
be discovered. A Costa-Rican example, sent us by the bird collector Carmiol, formed
the type from which our description was drawn; no others have reached us from that
country, though in Chiriqui it is better known. .

3. Acmepteron viridifascia.
Dismorphia viridifascia, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 837; Lep. Ex. p. 123, t. 46. ff. 4, 5”.

3 A. cimerascenti persimilis, sed anticis magis angulatis maculis albescentioribus ; posticis litura submediana
angustiore et viridescenti (nec griseo): subtus posticis fascia fere obsoleta, et hic illuc squamis sulphureis
atomatis.

? mari similis, sed pallidiore, anticis maculis majoribus et albidis; posticis litura margine indefinita a basi per
cellulam usque marginem internum anticarum angulum analem prope albida: subtus anticis fere ut supra,
sed margine interno albido; posticis pallidioribus, fascia mediana maculisque quibusdam aliis indistincte
notatis, sordide albidis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten 1), Trazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

This species is only known to us from Costa Rica and Chiriqui; it was discovered in

ACMEPTERON.—ENANTIA. 181

the former country by Van Patten, and subsequently taken by Rogers on the slopes of
Trazu ; it differs from both A. cinerascens and A. nemesis in having the spots of the
primaries and the transverse cross-band of the secondaries of a dull greenish hue. We
have a single female of this species which differs widely from that sex of A. nemesis;
not only is the neighbourhood of the inner margin of the primaries almost entirely
black, but the secondaries have the base and the outer margin very broadly fuscous.

4. Acmepteron lala, sp.n. (Acmeopteron lala, Tab. LXIV. figg. 25, 26 ¢ .)

A. cimerascenti quoque similis, sed alis multo latioribus, anticis maculis minoribus et posticis litura sub-
mediana multo angustiore et virescenti-cinerea (nec grisea): subtus alis minus pallidis, anticis ad apicem
et posticis undique purpureo-argenteo nitentibus, maculis angulum analem versus, angulo anali ipso cum
ciliis in margine externo aurantiacis.

Hab. GuateMa.a, San Gerénimo (Champion).

Three male specimens taken by Mr. Champion in the neighbourhood of San Geré-
nimo are all we know of this distinct species. It appears to be most nearly allied to
A. cinerascens, but may be distinguished not only by the form of the transverse band of
the secondaries but by the greater width and development of those wings.

We have figured one of the types from San Gerénimo.

ENANTIA.
Enantia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 96.

Papilio melite of Linneeus may be taken as the type of this genus of Hiibner’s, of
which ZF. jethys and E. albania are typical examples in our country. It differs from
both the preceding genera in emitting the first subcostal branch at the end of the cell
instead of beyond it. The upper discocellular is short; the middle discocellular is bent
to a large acute angle, the lower section being longer than the upper. The male organs
offer no very distinctive characters; the females of both £. virgo and E. dione have
a small spiny chitinous patch in the bursa copulatrix.

The ten species we place in this genus are not all typical; they may be divided
into four sections as follows :—

a. Lower discocellular of the primaries placed at a small obtuse angle with the
median. 2. 2 0 6 we ee ee ew we ee ww ew ww Le Gethys.

2. albania.

3. mercenaria.

4. marion.

6. Lower discocellular of the primaries placed nearly in a line with the median.
a’. Upper discocellular of the primaries very short 5. virgo.

6. critomedia.

7. euryope.

8. oreas.

9. deione.

0. eunoe.

b'. Upper discocellular of the primaries comparatively long

182 RHOPALOCERA.

The first section of this genus is generally distributed throughout tropical America;
the South-American portion of the second section is confined to the north-western.
part of the continent; while the third is restricted to our region. Their colours
are to a great extent independent of those of other butterflies; but this is hardly the
case with E. dione, the female of which resembles in pattern many other species of
butterflies.

1. Enantia jethys. (Zeptalis jethys, Tab. LXI. figg. 5, 6 3.)
Leptalis jethys, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 4237.
Leptalis cornelia, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 140°.

¢ alis aurantiis, anticis litura submediana a basi ultra cellulam extensa angulum analem versus curvata,
margine externo, apice et macula obliqua ad cellule finem, fuscis, macula ovata subapicali aurantia ; posticis
dimidio costali sericeis, margine externo introrsum irregulariter fusco limbatis: subtus aurantiis, anticis
plaga ovata farinosa cana ad basin et marginem externum versus sericeo-albis, colore fusco paging
superioris indistincte indicatis ; posticis hic illuc maculatis et irroratis.

@ alis citrinis, anticis macula costali ad cellule finem, apice et margine externo introrsum valde sinuatis, fuscis,
maculis binis ad apicem citrinis; posticis ad apicem macula fusca notata: subtus pallidioribus, macula
costali paging superioris et altera irregulari obliqua subapicali pallide fuscis; posticis striga transversa
ultra cellulam rufa, marginem externum versus et in costa rufo irroratis.

Hab. Muxico1 (Sallé?), Cuesta de Misantla (IZ. Trujillo), Jalapa, Orizaba (Hage,
F. D. G.); Guaremaua, Las Nubes (Salvin), Chisoy and Polochic valleys, San Gerénimo
(fF. D. G. & O. &.), Purula, San Gerénimo (Champion).

There appear to be two forms of this butterfly found in Mexico and Central America
which occur together in Mexico and Guatemala; whether they are always definitely
separable is perhaps an open question, as signs are not wanting showing that their
distinctive markings may ultimately prove to converge; at the same time, with upwards
of eighty specimens before us we are still able to separate the two forms. Fortunately
we have paired specimens of both, so that we are able to assign the right females to
each. The males of /. jethys may always be distinguished from that sex of E. albania
by the distinct longitudinal streak of black extending over the region of the median
nervure; this is wholly wanting in the other form. ‘The female has a well-defined
spot at the apical angle of the secondaries, usually absent, or at most very faintly
represented, in the female of E. albania; these are the salient points of distinction.

Asa rule the colour of £. jethys isa deep orange ; but we have several Mexican
specimens which are of a clear yellow, and we have also transitional forms. In the
yellow specimens there is a tendency for the median band of the primaries to become
obsolete, but in the most extreme forms a black spot between the median branches
still remains.

Ei. jethys was described by Boisduval from a male specimen from Mexico, whence we
have examples of both sexes, the female agreeing accurately with Felder’s description

of E. cornelia. In Guatemala it occurs on both sides of the Cordillera up to an
elevation of about 4000 feet.

ENANTIA. 183

The figure on the Plate referred to the female of this species really represents that
sex of HL. albania.

2. Enantia albania. (Tab. LXIV. figg. 27, 284; and Leptalis jethys, Tab.
LXI. fig. 72.)
Leptalis albania, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 6%.
Leptalis mita, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 340 ?.
Dismorphia citrinella, Butler & Druce, P. Z. 8.1874, p. 863 (nec Felder) °.

¢ alis aurantiis, anticis macula costali prope cellule finem, altera (interdum absente) exteriore, apice et
margine externo, hoc bisinuato, fuscis; posticis margine externo apicem versus anguste fusco limbatis :
subtus pagine inferioris maris LZ. jethys similis, sed pallidioribus et alis minus irroratis..

Q forma 1, femine F. jethys similis, sed posticis macula ad apicem posticarum absente (apice interdum vix
fusco limbato).

Hab. Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (M. Trujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Orizaba
(F. D. G.), near Vera Cruz”, Cordova (Riimeli); Guaremata, Motagua! and Polochic
valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica? (Van Patten),
Cache (Rogers) ; Panama, Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).

This is a form of E. jethys with no black mark over the median area of the primaries,
that colour being restricted to the outer margin and two spots on the costa; the
secondaries, too, have a very narrow black outer border. LE. citrinella of Felder, as its
name implies, is of a lemon rather than an orange colour and the sexes are alike.

There is a considerable diversity in the extent of the black markings in the apical
portion of the primaries and in the extent of the undulations of the inner margins of
the black outer border, but in no case is an orange spot isolated in the apex as in the
allied form. . .

Regarding the females, we notice that some are of a much paler yellow than others;
Mr. Bates’s type is of the pale form.

We have many specimens of both sexes from the neighbourhood of Cordova in
Mexico, the males agreeing with Reakirt’s description of Leptalis mita; we have also
many examples from Guatemala and other parts of Central America as far south as the
State of Panama. Mr. Champion captured it on the slope of the Volcan de Chiriqui
‘at an altitude of 4000 feet above the sea.

The figure of the male is taken from a specimen captured by Mr. H. H. Smith at
Atoyac; that of the female represents the type of &. albania from Central Guatemala.

3. Enantia mercenaria. (Leptalis mercenaria, Tab. LXI. figg. 8, 9.)
Leptalis mercenaria, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 76’.

6 alis cretaceo-albis, anticis apice et margine externo, hoc introrsum exscissa, et posticis margine externo
apicem versus anguste fuscis: subtus anticis costa et apice, et posticis omnino pallide ochraceis, anticis
regione posteriore canescente et in medio farinoso: posticis strigis duabus transversis notatis,

184 RHOPALOCERA.

Q mari similis, sed anticis colore fusco in costa magis extenso, et puncto albido notato; posticis ad apicem
tantum fuscis: subtus anticis albidis, macula subapicali, altera anali pallide fuscis; posticis dilutioribus
strigisque transversis magis distinctis.

Hab. Panama, Lion Hill (1/‘Zeannan).-—VENEZUELA 1.

E. mercenaria is allied to E. licinia of Cramer, the male having the white spot in the
apex of the primaries obsolete; the inner margin of this apex is sinuous, and the outer
margin is broadly black to the anal angle. We have two specimens of this species
from the State of Panama, both males, agreeing with the type from Venezuela.

4, Enantia marion, sp. n.

3 alis flavo-albis, anticis ad apicem fuscis introrsum valde exscissa, posticis margine externo apicem versus
anguste fusco limbatis, anticis costa et apice et posticis omnino ochraceis, anticis regione posteriore sericeo-
cana, in medio farinosa; posticis strigis tribus, una transversa ultra cellulam, secunda infra venam sub-
costalem et ultra cellulam bifurcata, tertia angustiore in costa.

mari similis, sed alis magis rotundatis, anticis apice et margine externo fuscis, illo profunde, hoc leviter .
introrsum excavato, posticis albidis.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan (Schaus); Guatemata, Teleman, Cubilguitz (Cham-
pton); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Zrétsch).

This species has a much narrower border than E. mercenaria, which does not extend
beyond the extremity of the second median branch on the outer margin, and there is
a deep sinuosity over the upper radial.

We know but little of this species, as we have seen only two pairs—one from
Guatemala and one from Nicaragua—and a few specimens from Mexico and the
State of Panama. It is perhaps most nearly allied to EL. kollari, but the subapical
spot of the primaries is confluent with the rest of the wing, and not isolated as in that
species; moreover the apical angle of the secondaries has no black border.

5. Enantia virgo. (Leptalis virgo, Tab. LX. figg. 14, 15 ¢, 16 2.)

Leptalis virgo, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 5°. .

Dismorphia virgo, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 362°.

Dismorphia lubina, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 83°; Lep. Ex. p. 124, t. 46. ff. 6, 7°; Butl. & Druce,
P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 862°.

Dismorphia lunina, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 111°; Lep. Ex. p. 124, t. 46. ff. 8, 97; Butl. & Druce,
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 362°.

3 alis fuscis, anticis macula costali ultra cellulam extensa extrorsum et introrsum valde irregulari, duabus
subapicalibus minoribus, tertia in margine interno, latiore in margine ipso flavescenti-albis ; posticis
dimidio costali margaritaceo-argenteo, plaga subovata in medio cana, litura circa venam medianam
sulphurea (vel albida): subtus anticis margaritaceo-albis, plaga magna mediana subovata cana, et
maculis pagine superioris indicatis, apice fusco irroratis; posticis fusco-rufis undique argenteo irroratis,
fascia maculosa irregulari, maculisque duabus subcostalibus argenteo-albis, punctis duobus ad basin
ochraceis.

@ mari similis, sed anticis costa apicem versus valde arcuata et apice ipso hamato, macula costali magis
obliqua, maculis quatuor (nec duabus) subapicalibus, macula in margine interno absente; posticis fuscis,

ENANTIA. 185

area interna, apicem versus producta, flavescenti-alba: subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed dilutioribus; vitta
in cellula a basi, altera inter venam costalem et subcostalem albidis, maculis subapicalibus majoribus;
apice et margine externo rufis ; posticis rufescentibus argenteo irroratis et maculis argenteo-albis notatis,
punctis duobus ad basin ochraceis.

Hab. GuatEMALa, oak-forests, forests of Northern Vera Paz, Central valleys (fF. D. G.
& O. 8.1), Sinanja, Purula, Volcan de Atitlan (Champion); Costa Rica (Van Patten®-’),
Trazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé).

The transverse discal band of the primaries in this species is subject to considerable
variation, especially in male examples. In the types the band is continuous; but ina
Costa-Rican example, which is the type of D. lubina of Butler, it is divided into three
spots, in other Costa-Rican specimens the severance is not quite complete, and there
seems to be every gradation between the extreme forms. D. lunina of Butler is a name
based upon a female which corresponds exactly with typical females of E. virgo.
Females, too, seem subject to some variation; many of them are washed with yellow
towards the base of the secondaries, others have this portion of the wing nearly covered
with brown scales.

The range of E. virgo extends over a large area, as will be seen above; it is found
chiefly in the mountainous districts up to an elevation of 3000 or 4000 feet.

6. Knantia critomedia.
Enantia critomedia, Geyer in Hiibn. Zatr. ex. Schm., iv. p. 41, ff. 795, 796°.
Leptalis critomedia, Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 424°; Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 125°.

¢ alis anticis fuscis, plaga obliqua a costa ad cellule finem, litura in margine interno eam plerumque attingente
et punctis duobus subapicalibus albidis; posticis dimidio anteriore argenteo-albo, margine externo fusco,
plaga submediana viridi-alba: subtus argenteo-albidis, anticis plaga ovata cana farinosa in vena mediana,
ad apicem et posticis omnino sparsim brunneo irroratis, punctis ad basin duobus flavis.
alis fuscis, anticis plaga obliqua a costa ultra cellulam angulum analem versus extendente, margine interno
anguste, punctis tribus subapicalibus flavo-albis, area interna posticarum apicem versus extensa flavida:
subtus anticis fere ut supra sed dilutioribus; posticis margine externo late pallide fusco, area interna
sordide ochracea. .
Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBia? and VENEZUELA, AMAZONS VALLEY and

South Brazit 1,

This is a well-known species in South America, where it has a very wide range, but
the only record we have of its occurrence in our country is a single female example
sent from the State of Panama in one of Arcé’s collections. In Northern Colombia it
occurs in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, whence we have specimens of both sexes
sent us by Mr. Simons. These northern examples have the base of the wings rather
darker than is usually the case in more typical Brazilian specimens; this is due to the
absence of the light streak over the median nervure, but the extent to which this streak
is developed is very variable.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1890. 2B

186 RHOPALOCERA.

7. Enantia euryope. (Leptalis ewryope, Tab. LX. figg. 12, 18 2.)
Leptalis euryope, Lucas, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 297’; Hew. Ex. Butt., Leptalis, t. 3. f. 17°.

é alis fusco-nigris, anticis macula transversa a costa ultra cellulam angulum analem versus extendente et
introrsum valde sinuata, sulphurea, punctis subapicalibus minutis coloris ejusdem, macula curvata in
margine interno flavescentiore ; posticis plus quam dimidio costali nitente argenteo, litura a margine
interno ad cellule finem infra venam medianam extensa, flava: subtus costa et apice pallide fuscis, hoc
griseo irrorato, macula mediana subovata canescenti et sericeo albido circumcincto, maculis paging
superioris indistincte indicatis; posticis pallide fuscis et marginem externum versus griseo atomatis,
fascia maculosa arcuata per cellule finem a costa ad marginem internum extensa aliisque duabus, una
ultra cellule finem, altera intra venam costalem et subcostalem coloris ejusdem, punctis duobus ad basin
aurantiacis.

Hab. Mexico (Paris!, Mus. Brit.2), Mirador (mus. Staud.), Jalapa (F. D. G.);
Guatemala, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Senahu, Purula, Cerro Zunil, Las
Mercedes, El Tumbador (Champion).

Both Lucas’s description and Hewitson’s figure were drawn up from specimens from
Mexico, and we have one specimen from that country taken near Jalapa in March 1888.
We have several males from Guatemala, both from the valley of the Polochic and its
affluents and the mountains of the Pacific slope of the Cordillera. We have not yet
detected the female, but it probably so closely resembles that sex of E. virgo that we
have not succeeded in distinguishing it.

8. Enantia oreas. (Leptalis oreas, Tab. LX. figg. 17, 18 3 .)
Leptalis oreas, Salv. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 4, vii. p. 416°.
E. euryope similis, sed minor, anticis macula costali flavescentiore, et macula in margine interno absente,

posticis litura discali albida (nec flava): subtus anticis ad apicem, et posticis undique argenteo irroratis,
fascia maculosa transversa mediana albida (nec ochracea).

Hab. Panama, Calobre (Arcé 1).

The single specimen described by Salvin, which was sent us by Arcé from the
State of Panama, is the only one we have seen. The species is an isolated one, and
though we have compared it with £. euryope, its relationship with that insect is very
remote. The yellow transverse band on the primaries at once separates it from all
other members of this section of the genus.

9. Enantia deione, (Leptalis deione, Tab. LX. figg. 53, 6,72.)
Leptalis detone, Hew. Ent. Monthly Mag. vi. p. 68, Index, p. xxiv’; Ex. Butt., Leptalis, t. 6. ff. 37, 88’.
Dismorphia deione, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 862°.
Dismorphia hagaresa, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 82‘; Lep. Ex. p. 123, t. 46.f.3°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S.
1874, p. 362 °.

¢ alis anticis nigro-fuscis; maculis, una in costa ad cellule finem venis divisa in cellula et ultra eam
extendente, altera minore infra, tertia in margine interno aliisque subapicalibus, albidis; posticis plus
quam dimidio margaritaceo-argenteis, plaga magna aream internam occupante aurantio-fulva, ad basin
et margine externo fuscis: subtus anticis costa et apice pallide fuscis, maculis paging superioris flave-
scentibus, area infra venam subcostalem margaritaceo-alba, plaga mediana subovali cana; posticis pallide

ENANTIA.—PSEUDOPIERIS. 187

rufo-brunneis, ad costam flavescentibus ad marginem internum ochraceis, fascia maculosa per cellule finem
area angulum analem versus rubescente, punctis duobus ochraceis ad basin.

Q alis fuscis, maculis ad cellule finem et in area discali irregulariter positis, una intra venam costalem et
subcostalem, altera infra eam, duabus in area discali serie subapicali aliisque tribus ad apicem ipsum
flavescentibus (interdum albidis), margine interno a basi plus minusve ferrugineo tincto; posticis area
interna ferruginea extrorsum apicem versus bene dentata, ad apicem maculis quatuor albidis: subtus fere
ut supra, sed coloribus dilutioribus et maculis omnibus majoribus.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belé1*); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®—*) ; Panama, Volcan
de Chiriqui (Champion).

Belt collected a good series of specimens of this species; and the male was described
by Hewitson under the name it now bears. Several examples were also contained in
Van Patten’s collection, and though the male was recognized by Messrs. Butler and
_ Druce under the name of Dismorphia deione, the female was described as D. hagaresa.

We notice some variation in individuals of this species, asin some examples there isa
prominent spot near the middle of the inner margin of the primaries, which in some is
evanescent, while in others again it is wholly wanting. Some females have longitudinal
rufous streaks towards the base of the primaries, but more frequently this region is
wholly black, with the exception of the basal half of the inner margin.

10. Enantia eunoe.
Leptalis eunoe, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 419*; Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. t. 5. £37.

Alis anticis falcatis, nigro-fuscis, vittis duabus basalibus longitudinalibus maculaque bifida aurantiacis, fasciis
duabus macularibus obliquiis apice flavis; posticis aurantiacis, fimbria lata nigro-fusca, maculis tribus
apicalibus flavis.

Hab. Mexico (Hartweg1?), Jalapa (Deppe in mus. Berol., Schaus).

We have never succeeded in obtaining specimens of this species, which was described
from a female captured by Hartweg in Mexico, the exact locality not being recorded.
Deppe secured two in the neighbourhood of Jalapa, which are now in the Berlin
Museum, others are contained in Mr. Schaus’s collection made in the same place.
All these are females, so that the male still remains unknown. The nearest ally is
E. deione, the female of which also has spots at the apex of the primaries, but
there are differences in the coloration, especially in the secondaries.

PSEUDOPIERIS, gen. nov.

The species hitherto known as Dismorphia nehemia, though obviously structurally
allied to Dismorphia, presents many differences, so that we think it best to separate it.
The first subcostal branch of the primaries is free, and does not anchylose with the
costal, as is the case in all the allied forms, there is no upper discocellular, the upper
radial meeting the subcostal halfway between the origin of the middle discocellular
and the first subcostal branch. The subcostal side of the cell of the secondaries is very
short. Regarding the secondary sexual organs we see nothing to separate Pseudopieris

232

188 RHOPALOCERA.

from Dismorphia; but in the form of the wings and in their coloration it departs widely,
resembling the more ordinary forms of Pierinz.

P. nehemia has a very wide range in Tropical America, but appears to be nowhere
common ; perhaps its resemblance to common white butterflies may cause it to be —
overlooked by collectors.

1. Pseudopieris nehemia.
Pieris nehemia, Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 528°.
Dismorphia nehemia, Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 26, t. 15”,

d alis cretaceo-albis viridescente vix tinctis, anticis apice et margine externo anguste fusco limbatis, hoc
introrsum irregulariter sinuato: subtus anticis costa et apice cum n posticis pallide ochraceis, anticis regione
posteriore sericeo-albidis in medio farinosis.

Hab. Guatemata 2, Zapote (Champion); Nicaragua.—SovutH America, from Vene-
zuela 2 to South Brazil! 2. |

We have described a specimen from Nicaragua, formerly in Mr. Bates’s collection,
which agrees fairly with southern examples of this species. The black outer margin
of the primaries is well defined, more so than in examples from Brazil, which we
suppose to be typical. We have two specimens from Guatemala in which the dark
outer margin is wholly absent, but there seems scarcely grounds for separating it
specifically from the more southern forms, where the width of this border appears to
be a variable character. In the shape of its wings this species approaches much more
closely to Pieris than other members of this section; the sexes, too, are alike. As
regards the shape of their secondaries, moreover, the differences of neuration render
P. nehemia and its allies very distinct from typical Dismorphia.

Subfam. PAPIJZIONINA.

In'this subfamily the tibie of the anterior legs are furnished with a foliate appendage
which is attached to the underside at various distances from the proximal end of the
joint. The lower discocellular of the primaries is directed outwards, and is in nearly a
continuous line with the median and its sections; the claws are simple, without
appendages. ‘These characters serve to distinguish the Papilionine from the Pierine,
the other main division of the family Papilionide.

One of the first questions that arises concerning this subfamily is its treatment as
regards genera—whether most of the numerous species should stand under one compre-
hensive genus Papilio, or whether, as advocated by some writers, a large number of
genera should be recognized. This nominal subdivision has been commenced, but
chiefly as regards Old- World species and those of North America. The very numerous
forms of South America with which we are here mainly concerned have had little
attention paid them as yet on this point.

As the species of Papilionine are distributed over the tropical and subtropical

‘PAPILIONINA. 189

portions of the whole world in greater or less abundance, this question of generic
treatment can only be satisfactorily dealt with in a complete monograph of the entire
subfamily. Such a task is beyond the scope of the present work. We have, however,
as usual, made a number of dissections with a view to grouping the species of our
country as naturally as possible. In doing so we find our conclusions as to the
affinities of the various species agree so closely with C. and R. Felder’s arrangement
published in the portion of their ‘Species Lepidopterorum’ relating to the Papilionine,
that we have adopted their system with hardly any alteration. In that work one com-
prehensive genus Papilio is employed for the greater portion of the species; this is
divided into seventy-five sections, all of which are characterized at greater or less
length. If the old genus Papilio is consistently divided, we believe that nearly every
one of these seventy-five sections of Felder’s work will require a generic name. We
are hardly prepared to go to this length, but have proceeded on Felder’s plan of using
groups or sections, adding a few notes on their characters, chiefly supplementary to
those given in the ‘Species Lepidopterorum.’

The sexual characters (chiefly those of the male) of a number of the species mentioned
below have been examined, and the results given in the notes to each group and in the
figures accompanying them. These on the whole give much more satisfactory results
in indicating affinities than we expected. We have, however, chiefly confined our
attention to the structure of the harpes*, which in every case being highly chitinized

‘present very definite forms which are readily compared. ‘The valves themselves, the
uncus, and scaphium do not render such good results—the scaphium especially being
so very variable as to the extent to which its chitin is developed, that no characters
can safely be derived from it, at least from our method of preparing the specimens.

Regarding the female organs, we have only been able to glance at their structure in
such cases where the parts are sufficiently chitinized to be preserved. We believe that
in other instances, perhaps in many, these parts present definite characters which, being
less chitinized, are practically destroyed by our method of preparation. The most
remarkable developments of the external portions of females that we have as yet found
are in the group containing P. daunus and P. polyxenes, to which P. machaon also
belongs. The vaginal orifice is highly chitinized and of complex structure, one of the
most noticeable features being a thin, wide plate on either side, the outer margin of
which is rounded and its edge deeply serrate. We have not ventured to use these
characters, where they exist, in our definitions, but some day they will undoubtedly be
brought forward for purposes of classification. That their shape has some reference to the
male claspers we do not doubt, but what that relationship is we cannot at present trace.

* We have found it advisable to use the nomenclature employed by Gosse in his paper “ On the Clasping-
Organs ancillary to Generation in certain Groups of the Lepidoptera” (Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. ii.
part 6). It is not very different from that we have previously used, but goes a little more into detail in
defining the various parts.

190 RHOPALOCERA.

In most cases the bursa copulatrix is without the peculiar patches to which we
have frequently had occasion to call attention, especially in the Pierine, but in others
there appear to be longitudinal lines of structure with a somewhat granular surface ;
these lines are sometimes nearly straight, sometimes waved ; this is especially the case
in females of P. polydamus and P. philenor.

A. P. ZESTOS group.
Papilio, Sect. v., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 4, 47.

In this group the secondaries are folded along the inner margin, the inner side of the
fold being more or less covered with densely packed white cotton-like hairs; these in
P. zestos and its immediate allies extend from about the middle of the fold to the anal —
angle, the base being covered with black hairs more loosely placed. In P. iphidamas —
the white cotton-like hairs extend throughout the fold to the base of the wing
(Tab. LXV. fig. 5 shows a transverse section of the fold). The foliate appendage
to the front tibia is situated about the middle of the joint. The harpes of P. zestos
and P. childrene are very similarly formed (see Tab. LXV. fig. 3), and those of |
P. iphidamas (fig. 5a) and P. polyzelus (fig. 6) do not differ essentially, all have a
projection near the middle of the lower portion of the harpe. The harpes of
P. photinus differ considerably, as will be seen from the figure (Tab. LXV. fig. 7a);
but the general structure is similar, and the characteristic projection on the lower edge
is present in an exaggerated form.

The marginal lunules of the secondaries in all the above species are white.

The subsection containing P. zestos and its immediate allies is found in the forests of
Tropical America, from British Honduras and Guatemala southwards. The subsection
of which P. iphidamas is typical is also found over a similar area, but extends rather
further northwards into Southern Mexico, and is well represented in South Brazil.
P. photinus, on the other hand, is peculiar to our region, and has a higher range in
altitude.

a. Cotton-like hairs inside the fold of the secondaries black at the base, white from
the middle to the anal angle; secondaries without opalescent tint.

1. Papilio zestos.

Papilio zestos, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 47, t. 10. f. 5°; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v.
p- 3840 (note) *.

Papilio sesostris, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 189°.

g alis nigris, ciliis inter venas albis; anticis plaga magna smaragdina a cellula usque ad marginem internum
extensa, venis nigris tripartita, extrorsum profunde sinuata; posticis plaga ovali ad angulum analem
coccinea: subtus fuscescentioribus; anticis immaculatis, ad basin saturatioribus; posticis maculis sex
discalibus rosaceis, tribus majoribus inter venam medianam et ramos suos, duabus angulum apicalem
propioribus, sexta subanali: corpore fuliginoso-nigro, subtus coccineo maculato, capite post oculos et
prothorace utrinque coccineo notatis,

PAPILIO. 191

2 alis fuliginoso-nigris ; anticis plaga mediana sordide alba, venis tripartita vel quadripartita parte superiore
in cellula posita ; posticis vitta lata discali rubra et maculis duabus ad angulum apicalem coloris ejusdem :
subtus ut supra, vitta posticarum angustiore, medialiter pallidiore et venis quinquepartita.

Hab. British Honpuras, Rio Hondo (Blancaneaux), Corosal (Roe); GUATEMALA,
forests of Northern Vera Paz, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Cubilguitz, Cahabon
(Champion); Honpuras® (Mus. Brit.\? & Staudinger); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belz,
Janson).

This is a northern form of the well-known wide-ranging P. sesostris of South
America, the males being barely separable with certainty; but the females may be
recognized by the position of the white spot of the primaries, which in P. zestos
occupies a portion of the cell, but in P. sesostris is placed much nearer the anal angle
of the wing, quite away from the cell and the neighbourhood of the median nervure.
The male of P. zestos appears always to possess the crimson spot near the anal angle of
the secondaries, an unstable character in P. sesostris.

The type specimen of this species, a female, is stated to have been taken in Honduras’,
and was figured by Gray in his Catalogue of the Lepidopterous insects of the British
Museum. It was found by both ourselves and Mr. Champion in the forests on the
eastern side of Guatemala, and has been traced as far north as the Rio Hondo.
Southward it extends to Nicaragua, its place being taken in Colombia, including the
State of Panama, by P. tarquinius, to which it is very closely allied, as will be seen
below.

Dr. Staudinger has recently lent us a female of this species from Honduras in which
the spot on the primaries is almost obsolete.

2. Papilio tarquinius.
Papilio tarquinius, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 296°.
P. zestos persimilis, sed subtus fascia posticarum a margine externo magis remota.
© quoque margine externo posticarum nigro latiore.

- Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—
Cotomsia !.

This form is very closely allied to P. zestos, and perhaps hardly sufficiently distin-
guishable from it to have a separate name; but as names have been provided for both
forms, we think it better to retain them for the present.

The sole difference in the male is the greater distance of the band on the secondaries
beneath from the outer margin; the dark border, too, in the female is rather
wider.

Boisduval’s description was based upon a female from Colombia, and specimens of
that sex in our own and Dr. Staudinger’s collections agree with it. In our country it
appears to be confined to the State of Panama; but it will be noted that as yet we have
seen no specimens of this form from Costa Rica; we think, however, that P. tarquinius

192 RHOPALOCERA.

would be found there rather than P. zestos, and that the latter terminates its range
in Nicaragua.

8. Papilio children. (Tab. LXV. figg. 14,29; 3, right harpe.)

Papilio childrene, Gray, Griff. Au. Kingd. xv. p. 673, t. 38. f. 1°; Felder, Wien. ent. Mon. v.
p. 737; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 21°.

Papilio sesostris, var. a, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 58%.

3 P. zestos affinis; macula smaragdina anticarum multo majore cellule dimidium occupante, macula ultra
cellulam bifida albicante, plaga coccinea posticarum quoque multo majore, cellulam attingente.

© valde distincta, alis nigro-fuscis lunulis ciliaribus angustis albidis; anticis macula elongata quadripartita,
altera majore ad marginem internum bipartita, pallide ochraceis; posticis fasciola discali coccinea ad .
angulum apicalem maculosa ad angulum analem integra.

Hab. Guaremaa, Cubilguitz (Champion), Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Nica-
RAGUA, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica( Van Patten); Panama, Bugaba (Champion),
Veraguas and Sante Fé (Arcé).—CoLomBIa ? 3.

This beautiful species was first described by G. R. Gray from a specimen in Mrs. ©
Children’s collection said to have come from Brazil1. The locality is doubtless erroneous,
as it has since been ascertained only to extend from Colombia northwards into Central
America. Gray subsequently considered it to be but a variety of P. sesostris+; in this,
however, he was clearly wrong, as Dr. Felder has already shown? 3, The males of the
two species resemble one another, but may readily be distinguished by the larger size
of the green spot in P. childrene, and the presence of a bifid white spot beyond the
cell, a feature only found in the present species.

The females diverge more widely—P. childrene having two clusters of spots on the
primaries instead of one; of these one set is near the costa beyond the cell, the other
approaches the middle of the inner margin.

Probably the nearest ally to this species is P. edippus of Lucas (Castelnau’s ‘ Voyage,’
iii. p. 197, t. 2. f. 4), which has the same extent of green colouring on the primaries,
but wants the white spot beyond the cell.

The distribution of P. childrene in our country corresponds very nearly to that of
P. zestos, but we have not traced it quite so far north; its southern range is more
extensive, as it embraces Colombia.

The figures represent a male and female from Chontales, Nicaragua.

b. Cotton-like hairs inside the fold of the secondaries white throughout ; an
opalescent tint on the secondaries of the male.

a’. Outer margin of the secondaries very slightly dentate.

4, Papilio iphidamas. (Tab. LXV. figg. 5, section of fold; 5a, right harpe.)
Papilio iphidamas, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 171; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 44, t. 8. £175

Mén. Cat. Petr., Suppl. p. 68°; Felder, Sp. Lep. p. 5‘; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 363°.
Papilio serapis, Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr. p. 5°. |

~ PAPILIO. 193

Papilio achelous, Hopff. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 227.
Papilio lycimenes, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 7°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 863°.
Papilio echelus, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 188 (nec Hiibner ?)?°.

3 alis nigris; anticis macula magna olivaceo-viridi interdum cellulam entrante, vena mediana et ramis suis
partita, macula altera ultra eam sordide alba interdum bipartita, interdum tripartita; posticis vitta discali
_ coccinea certa luce opalescente in tribus usque ad sex venis divisa: subtus fuliginoso-nigris anticarum
apicibus pallidioribus, macula sordide alba sicut in pagina superiore sed majore; vitta posticarum
rosacea.
@ fuliginoso-nigris; anticis vitta obliqua per cellule finem venis quadripartita sordide alba; posticis vitta
discali coccinea: subtus ut supra, vitta posticarum magis rosacea et venis divisa.

Hab. Mexico? 4, Vallalolid in Yucatan (Gaumer), Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith);
British Honpuras, Corosal (foe); Guatemata, Northern Vera Paz, Polochic and
Motagua valleys, Yzabal (/. D. G. & O. S.), Chiacam, Cahabon, Panima, San Juan,
and Mirandilla (Champion); Honpuras?4; Nicaraaua‘*® (Zettling °), Chontales
(Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®®°), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui,
David (Champion), Chiriqui, Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé), Taboga I. (Champion), Lion Hill
(M‘Leannan).—Co.omBia.

Fabricius’s name was based upon one of Jones’s drawings which represented a female
Papilio of this form from an unknown locality!. With this figure Gray identified
‘specimens from Mexico and Honduras in the British Museum 2, remarking at the same
time that the white spot on the primaries was larger in the figure than in the specimens
before him.

Dr. Felder agreed in this identification’; but Boisduval® considered that the
description was equally applicable to six or seven species, and in his Lepidoptera of
Guatemala named the Mexican species Papilio lycimenes. We adhere to Gray’s
application of Fabricius’s name, the discrepancy in the width of the band of the
primaries being of no importance, as is shown in our series of specimens.

The males of this species vary greatly as to the markings of the primaries. The olive-
green spot differs much in size and shape: in some specimens it enters the cell, in others
it only reaches the median nervure ; occasionally it passes the submedian in the direction
of the inner margin, but more frequently it does not even touch it. So too with the
whitish spot, which is sometimes single and nearly round, and is then usually situated
in the angle between the median nervure and its second branch, sometimes it passes
into the cell, and even beyond it, in the direction of the costa. So also with the red
band of the secondaries, which sometimes consists of only three contiguous portions, at
others it extends towards the apical angle as isolated spots. Females are also variable
both as to the width of the oblique band of the primaries and the number of segments
into which it is divided by the nervures. The red band of the secondaries also varies
in width. From this it will be seen that P. iphidamas is a very variable species ;
moreover the variations do not appear to be in any way localized. In Colombia and

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1890. 7 2¢

194 RHOPALOCERA.

other portions of Northern South America several closely allied forms are found, and
P. iphidamas itself occurs in the neighbourhood of Santa Marta.

P. iphidamas is one of the commonest species throughout our country. It has not
yet reached us from the forest region of the Mexican State of Vera Cruz, and we have
only a single female example from Teapa, and but few from Yucatan and British
Honduras. It abounds in the low-lying forest lands of Vera Paz, but is scarce in
similar country bordering on the Pacific. From Guatemala to the State of Panama it
is probably found in all suitable localities up to an elevation of 2000 to 3000 feet. |

Mr. Reakirt includes P. echelus of Hiibner in his list of Mr. O. Zeettling’s collection
from Nicaragua1°; this must either be a wrong determination or a wrong locality,

perhaps the present species should have been referred to.

5. Papilio alyattes.
Papilio alyattes, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 73"; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 26, t. 6. ff. e, f%

P. wphidamas persimilis et forsan vix distinguendus, fascia posticarum coccinea a margine externo magis
remota tantum diversus.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, mus. Staud.).—Co.omsta ! 2.

A single male specimen submitted to us by Dr. Staudinger agrees very well with
Felder’s figure of P. alyattes and the specimens sent us by him under that name. It
is very closely allied to the forms of P. tphidamas in which the light spot on the
primaries is small and the olive-green spot spreads towards the inner margin. The red
band of the secondaries is situated just beyond the cell, and is thus farther removed
from the outer margin than is the case in P. tphidamas.

6. Papilio erithalion.

Papilio erithalion, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 295*; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 363” ; Felder, Reise
d. Nov., Lep. p. 25, t. 6. £. d®.

Papilio pyrochles, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 4164; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 46, t. 9.
f, 2°.

¢ P.iphidamas similis, sed anticis macula sordide alba nulla; posticis macula coccinea plerumque multo

minore.
Q a Q P. iphidamas vix differt.

Hab. Panama, Calobre (Arcé), San Miguel, Pearl Is. (Champion), Lion Hill
(MM Leannan).—CotomBia! 3 4,

This species is a close ally of P.iphidamas; the most obvious difference is the absence.
of the whitish spot in the primaries; the red spot, too, on the secondaries seems to be
usually smaller, and, so far as we can see, is seldom carried into the apical angle as in
many instances in the allied form. The name P. erithalion was based upon female
specimens stated to have come from Colombia and Jamaica, but the latter locality is
doubtless erroneous. P. pyrochles of Doubleday came from Colombia‘, and was

PAPILIO. 195

described from a male specimen. It is generally admitted that these names refer to
sexes of the same species. According to Felder? the butterfly figured by Gray as
P. erithalion really represents a female of P. zeuxis of Lucas, also a Colombian species.
Messrs. Butler and Druce include this species in their list of Costa-Rican butterflies 2,
_ but we are unable to find in Van Patten’s series any specimens really belonging to it.
The most northern point to which we can trace it with certainty is Calobre in the State
of Panama. On the line of the Panama railway it appears to be far from uncommon.

7. Papilio sadyattes. (Tab. LXV. fig. 4¢.)
Papilio sadyaties, Druce, Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p. 36’.

6 alis nigris, lunulis ciliaribus marginalibus inter venas albis; anticis macula albida mediana ramum
medianum juxta; posticis maculis tribus coccineis certa luce opalescentibus: subtus fuscescentioribus,
maculis ut in pagina superiore; posticis duabus alteris ad angulum apicalem.

We have three examples of this species, which seems to be quite distinct from all
others, having no olive-green patch on the primaries, and only a very small whitish
spot in the centre of those wings. We are not acquainted with the female, and of the
male the three specimens before us, one of which we figure, are all that we have seen.
Its nearest ally is P. cauca of Staudinger from Northern Colombia, but in that species
the primaries are spotless.

8. Papilio polyzelus. (Tab. LXV. fig. 6, right harpe.)
Papilio polyzelus, Felder, Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 24, t. 6. f. a*; Sp. Lep. p. 5”.
Papilio anchises, Gray (nec Linn.), Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 64°.

¢ alis nigris, lunulis ciliaribus albidis; anticis immaculatis; posticis maculis quinque discalibus venis bene
separatis coccineis, certa luce opalescentibus: subtus ut supra, sed maculis posticarum medialiter rosaceis.
© mari similis, sed alis magis fuliginosis, luce opalescente absente, maculis posticarum fere confluentibus, ad

angulum analem extensis.

Hab. Mexico (Sallé 1), Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Acaguizotla, Tierra Colo-
rada, La Venta (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba (Elwes),
Coatepec (Brooks), Teapa (H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blanca-
neaux); GUATEMALA, Polochic valley, Pacific coast (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Sabo, Cahabon,
Purula, Cerro Zunil (Champion), Las Nubes (0. S.); Honpuras 23 (mus. Staud.).

_ P. polyzelus is a characteristic species of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, to which

countries its range is limited; here, however, it appears to be abundant from the sea-
level up to an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet. It was described by Felder from
specimens obtained by Sallé in Southern Mexico+. Its most northern limit, so far as
we have traced it, is the Sierra Madre de Tepic, where Mr. Richardson recently
obtained specimens in crossing the Sierra to Bolafios.

2c2

196 RHOPALOCERA.

d'. Outer margin of the secondaries deeply dentate.

9. Papilio photinus. (Tab. LXV. figg. 7, section of fold; 7a, right harpe.)
Papilio photinus, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 4157; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 65, t. 11.
f. 2°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 363°.

é alis fuliginoso-nigris certa luce ceruleo lavatis, presertim dimidio posticarum distali; posticis maculis serie
duplici margine externo plus minusve parallelibus, una submarginali lunulatis, altera discali fere rotundis,
coccineis: subtus fuliginosis, maculis posticarum ut supra, sed minoribus et omnibus plus minusve nigro
ciréumcinctis.

@ mari similis, sed major, et alis magis fuliginosis sed czeruleo quoque lavatis, maculis posticarum majoribus. |

Hab. Mexico! 2, Mazatlan, Presidio de Mazatlan, Campala (Forrer), Acapulco (A.
H. Markham), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Jalapa (Hoge); British Honpuras, Rio Hondo
(Blancaneaux), Corosal (Roe); GuatemaLa, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S., Champion),
Chuacus, San Gerénimo, Chisoy valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Honpuras (mus. Staud.) ;
Costa Rica (Van Patten ?). |

Papilio photinus is an isolated species with no near allies; though belonging strictly
to this group, the sexes so closely resemble one another that the female as well as the
male partakes of the blue gloss which pervades the wings in certain incidents of light.
It is by no means uncommon in Mexico and Guatemala from the neighbourhood of
Mazatlan southwards. Its range in altitude is considerable, extending from the sea-”
level to a height of at least 5000 feet. Southward of Guatemala it is apparently more
scarce; Dr. Staudinger possesses specimens from Honduras, and we have but a single
specimen from Costa Rica.

10. Papilio dares.
Papilio dares, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 8, v. p. 561°; Ex. Butt., Papilio, t. 11. f. 347.

9 alis brunneo-nigris, ciliis inter venas albis; anticis macula parva discali supra venam medianam alba ; posticis
leviter cxruleo lavatis, maculis discalibus in serie arcuata duplici posita rubris, ad angulum apicalem fere
confluentibus, margine externo leviter dentato dente mediano longiore: subtus fere omnino ut supra:
capite, thoracis et corporis lateribus rubro maculatis.

¢ adhuce ignotus.

Hab. Nicaraaua (mus. Hew. in Mus. brit. ?).

We only know this species from the single female specimen in the Hewitson collection.
Its position in the genus is somewhat doubtful, but from the slight blue opalescence on
the secondaries we think it comes near to P. photinus, differing, however, in many
respects, notably in the presence of a small white discal spot on the primaries, the
slighter dentation of the secondaries, the greater distance of the outer discal row of
red spots from the margin, &c.

B. P. MONTEZUMA group.

Papilio, Sect. vi., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 6, 49. |
The fold on the inner margin of the secondaries encloses a patch of white cotton-like

PAPILIO. 197

hairs as in P. iphidamas, &c., but the fold is less complex (Tab. LXV. fig. 8). The
foliate appendage of the fore tibia is placed a little nearer the proximal than the
distal end of that joint; the harpe of the male ends in a single point which falls near
the extremity of the valve, and the whole harpe lies along the upper rather than the
lower edge of the valve, and there is no projection anywhere along its lower edge (see
Tab. LXV. fig. 8a). The secondaries have no opalescent gloss.

This group is chiefly found in Brazil, where six or seven species occur. The two
following species are peculiar to our country, and there is a very remarkable one
found in the island of Cuba. |

11. Papilio montezuma. (Tab. LXV. figg. 8, section of fold; 8 a, right harpe.)
Papilio montezuma, Westw. Arc. Ent. 1. p. 67, t. 18. f. 3°.
Papilio tulana, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 1407.
Papilo perrhebus, Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr. p. 5 (nec Boisd.)’.

dalis fuliginosis; posticis lunulis quinque submarginalibus coccineis notatis: subtus ut supra, sed magis
fuliginosis, posticis lunulis septem submarginalibus coccineis nigro circumcinctis.
Q mari similis, sed plerumque major; posticis macula altera coccinea ad angulum apicalem.

Hab. Mexico}, Presidio, Campala in Sinaloa (Forrer), Sierra Madre de Tepic, San
Blas (Richardson), Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, La Venta, Acaguizotla
(H. H. Smith), Acapulco (Markham, H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Henochio), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer), Chiapas (Zettling *); GuaTEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria 5000 feet
(O. S.), El Reposo (Champion), Pacific coast, Motagua and Central valleys (F. D. G. &
O. S.); Honpuras? (mus. Staud.); Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt).

Professor Westwood described this species from a specimen from Mexico}, and it is
now known to be widely spread in that country, chiefly, but not exclusively, on the Pacific
side of the Cordillera. Here it extends from the neighbourhood of Mazatlan south-
wards. In Guatemala, too, it is usually found on the side of the mountains sloping
towards the Pacific, and, though chiefly a denizen of the lowlands, was met with as
high as 5000 feet on the slopes of the Volcan de Santa Maria. On the eastern side
of the Cordillera it is much less common, but we met with it ourselves in the valley
of the Motagua and in other valleys of Central Guatemala.

Papilio montezuma has no near ally in our region, unless it be P. alopius from the
Sierra Madre of Durango.

In South America P. perrhebus of Brazil and the Argentine Republic is probably
nearest to it, as Professor Westwood has already pointed out}.

12. Papilio alopius. (Tab. LXV. figg. 10, 11.)
Papilio alopius, Gray, List Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 58 (1856) (descr. nulla).

Q P. montezume affinis ; anticis magis elongatis, angustioribus ; posticis magis dentatis, vena mediana producta
fere spatulata, lunulis submarginalibus fere albis, tribus ad angulum analem proximis tantum rosaceis,

198 RHOPALOCERA.

maculis quatuor alteris lunulis subparallelibus rotundis albis : subtus ut supra, posticis lunulis submargi-
nalibus coccineis nigro circumcinctis ; macula altera alba ad angulum apicalem.
6 ignotus.
Hab. Muxico1, Los Remedios in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Ciudad in Durango
(Forrer).

Of this beautiful species we have as yet only seen three female examples; but if our
surmise as to its relationship with P. montezuma is correct, the male will be found not
to differ materially in coloration. Besides its longer tails and deeper dentation of the
outer margin of the secondaries, the row of four white discal spots at once distinguishes
the species from P. montezuma. P. alopius is found in a district of Mexico which has
hitherto been but little explored, so far as its Lepidoptera are concerned ; in other.
branches of zoology this region presents several peculiar features, so that the occurrence
of a new Papilio there is not to us a matter of surprise.

There is a female specimen in the British-Museum collection, said to be from Mexico,
under the uncharacterized name of P. alopius of Gray. This name we now adopt.

C. P. MYLOTES group.
Papilio, Sect. vii. Subsect. B, Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 7, 49.

The fold of the inner margin of the secondaries differs considerably from that of
P. iphidamas and its allies; the inner edge of the wing is furnished with long black
hairs which are contained in a small fold along the edge of the wing, and the wider
inner fold is lined with black scales, but there are no cotton-like hairs as in P. iphi-
damas (Tab. LXV. fig. 9). The foliate appendage to the fore tibia is nearly in the
middle of the joint. The harpe is a long rod, curved at its distal end, where it has two
‘strong spines or horns (see Tab. LXV. fig. 9a). The marginal lunules of the secondaries
are red, and those wings have no opalescent gloss.

This is a group very numerous in species throughout Tropical America, only two of
which occur within our limits. These have avery similar range to P. iphidamas and its
allies and are found in the same forests.

13. Papilio mylotes. (Tab. LXV. figg. 9, section of fold; 9a, right harpe.)

Papilio mylotes, Gray, List Lep. B. M. p. 64 (1856)*; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. p. 846
(note) *; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 364°.

Papilio caleli, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 188‘.

Papilio tonila, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil. ii. p. 140°.

Papilio alcamedes, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 86, t. 7. f.c°.

Papilio aristomenes, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. i. p. 38, t. 7. f. a”.

Papilio eurimedes, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 6°.

d alis nigris; anticis plaga subtriangulari infra venam medianam, ramis suis divisa, viridi-olivacea, parte
distali macula subrotundata albida conjuncta, macula altera interdum supra eam in cellula viridi-olivacea
plus minusve circumcincta ; posticis plaga magna discali cellule parte distali occupante coccinea: subtus

PAPILIO. — 199

magis fuliginosis ; anticis maculis albidis pagine superioris majoribus, colore viridi-olivaceo absente ; plaga
coccinea posticarum medialiter rosacea minore cellule finem haud occupante et venis quinquepartita,

2 fuliginoso-nigris ; anticis fascia obliqua a ramo mediano secundo ad venam subcostalem extendente ; posticis
fascia discali coccinea cellule finem haud occupante: subtus fascia anticarum majore posticarum minore,
medialiter rosacea et venis quinquepartita.

Hab. Mexico! (Sallé? ), Teapa in Tabasco (H. Z. Smith); Guatemata 5, Copan
river (Zattling +), Forests of Northern Vera Paz (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Cubilguitz, San
Juan, Panima ( Champion), Polochic valley, Izabal, Duefias, Pacific coast (f. D. G. &
O. 8.), Las Mercedes, El Tumbador (Champion) ; Honpuras®; Nicaracua (Delattre 12),
Chontales (Belt), Grey Town (Muncaster); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®),

This is a localized form of P. ewrimedes of Guiana and the northern portion of South
America, from which it differs in several particulars. The wings, especially the secon-
daries, are wider; both the olive-green and whitish spots of the primaries usually enter
the cell; the scarlet spot of the secondaries does not extend so far towards the base of
these wings, it only just enters the cell and leaves a comparatively narrow black outer
border. In the female this red band does not enter the cell at all, and the outer border
is also narrow.

Mr. Bates first fully described this species in 1860? from specimens in the British
Museum, taken in Nicaragua by the French collector Delattre. He adopted the name
proposed by G. R. Gray !, who, however, gave the species no differential characters.
As we recognize this species as the only one with red ciliar lunules extending from
Southern Mexico to Costa Rica, all the names given above, which were based either on
male or female specimens, fall as synonyms of P. mytotes. ‘The species is a very
common one in the low-lying lands of Central America on both sides of the Cordillera.
It is abundant in Teapa in the Mexican State of Tabasco, but does not penetrate much
further into Mexico, though Sallé found it probably near Cordova in Vera.Cruz.

P. mylotes has a great resemblance to P. iphidamas, found in the same country; but
the colour of the lunules of the ciliz at once distinguishes both sexes, moreover the
male is devoid of the opalescent gloss which pervades the secondaries of P. iphidamas.
As in that species the spots of the primaries are subject to great variation as to size
and shape. In the male the olive-green spot containing a whitish one spreads into the
cell; this is not the case in the following species nor in P. eurimedes.

14. Papilio mycale, sp.n. (Tab. LXV. figg. 123,139.)

3 P. mylotes similis, sed anticis macula viridi-olivacea omnino infra venam medianam, cellulam nullo modo
occupante, maculis albidis ultra eam nullis, plaga coccinea posticarum multo minore et angustiore cellule
finem transeunte: subtus anticis immaculatis plerumque distinguendus.

Q margine posticarum externo latiore forsan distinguenda. a

_ Hab, Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui, Veraguas (Areé), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).
—CoLoMBIA. oes

vadig

P. mycale is a close ally of P. mylotes, but is apparently distinguishable: by the

200 RHOPALOCERA.

characters given above ; these are more positive in Chiriqui examples than in those from
the rest of the State of Panama, where a trace of the whitish spots on the primaries is
sometimes present. The size and shape of the olive-green patch of the primaries
varies considerably, but never enters the cell; so too the scarlet spot of the secondaries
varies in size, but never approaches the outer margin so closely as in P. mylotes.

D. P. POLYDAMAS group.
Papilio, Sect. viii. Subsect. A, B, C, Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 9, 51.

The fold along the inner margin of the secondaries in this group is narrow, the outer
portion of the inner surface is covered with short isolated scales, followed by semierect
more closely-set scales, and these again by a glabrous elongated patch running along
the bottom of the fold. A transverse section of the fold of P. philenor is shown on
Tab. LXV. fig. 18.

The foliate appendage of the fore tibia is nearly in the middle of the joint.

‘The harpes of P. polydamas, P. lycidas, and P. philenor are very similar; they are
short, not reaching to the middle of the valve; at the distal end they expand into two
well-developed horns (see Tab. LXV. figg. 14,17, 18a). The harpe of P. /ycidas is the
most distinct of the three, and has a small third horn on the upper edge.

The general colour of the wings is green, more or less glossy, and in the section
containing P. philenor the median nervure of the secondaries generally bears a small
spatule. :

Of the members of this group P. polydamas has a very wide range, chiefly in Tropical
America. P. philenor belongs rather to North America, and is not found beyond the
limits of Mexico. The other species are of more restricted range, and either belong to
the more northern portions of South America or are peculiar to our region.

15. Papilio polydamas. (Tab. LXV. fig. 14, right harpe.)

Papilio polydamas, Linn. Mus. Uly. p. 192°; Syst. Nat. i. p. 747°; Cram. Pap. Ex, t. 211. ff. D, E’;
Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 821‘; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. p. 228°; Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Phil. ii. p. 141°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 8647; Druce, P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 245°;
W. H. Edwards, Papilio, ii. p. 122°; Staud, Ex. Tagf. p. 12, t. 8”.

¢ alis nigricanti-olivaceis, fascia communi submarginali maculis composita, ciliisque inter venas olivaceo-citrinis :
subtus nigricantibus, anticarum apicibus et posticis pallidioribus purpureo lavatis; anticis fascia submar-
ginali ut supra, maculis ad apicem evanescentibus, ad angulum analem majoribus; posticis maculis sub-
marginalibus septem bilunulatis saturate cinnabarinis utrinque nigro marginatis ; macula ad basin coste,
corporis lateribus et prothorace eodem colore notatis.

@ mari similis, sed major; alis supra maculis olivaceo-citrinis obscurioribus et subtus maculis cinnabarinie
rubescentioribus.

Hab. Nort America, Florida®—Mexico, Mazatlan, Tres Marias Is. (Forrer), San
Blas, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Acapulco (A. H. Markham), La Venta in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac, Teapa (H. ZH.

PAPILIO. 201

Smith); Guatemata, Polochic and Motagua valleys, Pacific coast (F. D. G. & O. 8.),
Cubilguitz, Chacoj, El Reposo (Champion) ; Honpuras (Zeettling ®); Nicaragua ®, Chon-
tales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten’); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé), Bugaba, David
(Champion), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Soutu America generally from Colombia to the
Argentine Republic; AntILLEs, Bahama Is., Cuba, San Domingo, Jamaica, St. Thomas.

P. polydamas is one of the most widely ranging of the American species of the genus,
and is found over nearly the whole of South America, except the extreme south and
the more arid portions of the west coast. It occurs in the more northern of the West
Indies, and has been taken in Florida®; it is generally distributed in Central America,
and is found in the more tropical portions of Mexico, but apparently avoids the high
land and the States of the northern frontier. Mr. Bates says that on the Amazons it
frequents gardens and semi-cultivated or neglected ground, and he inferred that its
wide distribution was probably due to the clearing of the forests by man 5.

On the whole the species is very constant in its markings, and may be distinguished
without difficulty from the allied forms of more restricted range found in South-eastern
Brazil and some of the islands of the West Indies. In Guatemala we observed it
exclusively in the low-lying lands on both sides of the Cordillera. Its vertical range
hardly exceeds 3000 feet.

16. Papilio lycidas. (Tab. LXV. fig. 17, right harpe.)
Papilio lycidas, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 118. f. A’; Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 3177; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc.
ser. 2, v. p. 228°; Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1876, p. 245*; Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 12, t. 8°.
Papilio erymanthus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 118. f. C®.

3 alis viridi-eneo nigricantibus ; anticis cellula et costa, posticis margine externo et venis nigricantioribus ;
plica abdominali introrsum, macula subapicali, aliis discalibus evanescentibus et abdomine supra sulphureis :
subtus fuliginosis; anticis maculis tribus duplicibus submarginalibus apud angulum analem ; posticis
lunulis sex submarginalibus cinnabarinis nigro cinctis, ciliis inter venas angustissime sulphureis: pro-
thorace et corporis lateribus ochraceo punctatis.

mari similis, sed abdomine supra nigricante distinguenda ; posticis plaga magna inter venam submedianam
et ramum medianum primum sulphurea,

Hab. Guatemaua, Polochic valley, Pacific coast (/. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua,

Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (£ibde).—Souru
America from Colombia to Peru 4, Amazons valley? and Guiana! §,

This species was first described by Cramer from Surinam specimens, the female as
P. lycidas1, the male as P. erymanthus®. It has now been traced throughout the
Amazons valley to Eastern Pern, and northwards through Colombia and Central
America to Guatemala, where we obtained specimens on both sides of the Cordillera
up to an elevation of about 2000 feet. Mr. Bates found it abundantly in June and
July, in company with P. delus, at Ega, where it frequented the most humid parts of
the forests of the Amazons®. Mr. Bartlett observed it on the banks of the Huallaga

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1890. 2D

302 . RHOPALOCERA.

and Ucayali rivers and the forest-streams of those regions, where, however, it was
rare 4,

P. lycidas may readily be distinguished from all members of this section of Papilio
by the yellow abdominal fold of the hind wings. The primaries are more elongated
and pointed than those of other species of our region.

17. Papilio numitor. (Tab. LXVI. figg. 12, 2, 3¢.)

Papilio numitor, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 113. f. B*; Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 317°; Bates, Ent. Monthly
Mag. i. p. 2° (nec Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. p. 228).

Papilio latinus, Felder, Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 72*; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 39, t. 10. f. 6°; Godm.
& Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 126°; Stand. Ex. Tagf. p. 12”. .

d alis eneo-nigricantibus ; posticis pallidioribus et magis nitentibus, maculis quatuor aut quinque submargi,;
nalibus, ea ad costam multo maxima, ea infra venam medianam minima, viridi-sulphureis : subtus brunneo-
nigris, maculis tribus submarginalibus ad angulum analem inter venas plicis bipartitis flavidis; posticis
maculis sex transversis cinnabarinis nigris circumcinctis, maculis sex rotundis, sepe obsoletis, ultra eas,
una supra ramum medianum primum, duabus inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum, reliquis
infra ramos juxta eas et ciliis inter venas angustissime flavidis: abdomine supra ochraceo, lateribus
ochraceo punctatis.

© mari similis, anticis maculis ad angulum analem sicut in pagina inferiore sed minoribus; maculis posticarum
majoribus et ochraceis a margine externo magis remotis, cellulam partim occupante, margine externo
nigricantiore, lunulis obsoletis ochraceis introrsum limbato ; abdomine supra nigricante.
Hab. Guatemata, San Gerénimo, Polochic valley (FP. D. G. & O. 8.3); Nicarageua,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers).—CoLomsia °,
VENEZUELA *®, and Guiana 1,

Mr. Bates determined specimens obtained by us in Guatemala? to be identical with.
P. numitor of Cramer, a butterfly of Surinam. We have always considered this identi-
fication to be correct, and this is still our opinion, though Cramer’s figure is not at all
a satisfactory one, the band of spots on the secondaries being unusually small. As
regards the range of the species, the wide gap between Guatemala and Guiana is now
found to be in a great measure filled up by the extension of the Central-American
insect to Costa Rica, and its reappearance in Colombia and Venezuela in precisely
similar form and colour. Specimens from the last-named countries were described by
Felder as P. latinus, a name which, if Mr. Bates’s determination is correct, becomes a
synonym of P. numitor. Like all other members of this group of Papilio it frequents

the forest of the low-lying districts, its range in altitude probably not exceeding
3000 feet.

18. Papilio copanz. (Tab. LXVI. figg. 49, 5,64.)
Papilio copane, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 141 (Sept. 1863)*; Strecker, Lep. Rhop. Het.
p. 61, t. 8 £17.

Papilio chrysodamas, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 1 (June 1864) *.

é precedenti similis; anticis maculis quatuor submarginalibus ochraceis ad angulum analem ; postivis fascia

PAPILIO. 203

maculosa multo elongata ad angulum analem producta, maculas septem composita: subtus anticis maculis
indistinctis duabus ochraceis, una in cellula altera ultra eam ; posticis maculis cinnabarinis multo angus-
tioribus obscurioribus et lunulatis, maculis ultra eas ochraceis nullis.
© eodem modo differt. .
Hab. Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); Brrvish Honpvras, Corosal (Hoe) ;
Guatemata, Copan (Zettling 1), Polochic valley, Chuacus (F. D. G. & O. S.3); Hon-
DuRAS (Staudinger). |

Mr. Strecker’s drawing of Reakirt’s P. copane? shows that the type is a female
of the same species as that described by Mr. Bates a few months afterwards as
P. chrysodamas, from specimens obtained by us in Guatemala. The species may
readily be distinguished from P. munitor, to which it bears a strong general resem-
blance, by the absence of submarginal ochreous spots on the secondaries beneath,
and in having a row of three small double spots on the primaries near the anal angle.
These, on the under surface, are continued and curve inwards so as to enter the cell. In
the female this extension of these spots appears on both surfaces of the wing.

The range of P. copane appears confined to the forests of the eastern side of Central
America from Yucatan to Honduras; it is by no means common, but few specimens
having reached us.

Its allies in South America are P. laodamus of Felder and P. belemus of Bates from
Colombia and the Lower Amazon respectively.

19. Papilio procas, sp.n. (Tab. LXV. figg. 15, 16.)

P. copane similis, sed fascia posticarum a margine externo magis distante, cellule finem occupante; lunulis
obsoletis concoloribus inter eam et marginem externum: subtus lunulis cinnabarinis et lunulis ciliaribus
latioribus.

Hab. Mexico, San Blas (Richardson).

_ Mr. W. B. Richardson recently sent us a single specimen of a Papilio from San Blas,
on the coast of Western Mexico, closely allied to P. copane, but differing in the width
and position of the band of the secondaries, which cuts across the end of the cell instead
of lying wholly outside it, and there are other small differences which we have pointed
out above.

20. Papilio lepidus.
Papilio lepidus, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 72’; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 40, t. 10. f. a?.

¢ alis nitide atro-virescentibus certa luce viridi-zeneo micantibus, ciliis inter venas angustissime albis ; posticis
vitta costali virescenti-alba: subtus fucescentibus; anticis plaga irregulari vena mediana et ramis suis
quadripartita et macula subanali virescenti-albis omnibus interdum obsoletis ; posticis maculis septem
submarginalibus lunulatis cinnabarinis nigro circumcinctis, macula apicali obsoleta aut nulla, punctis ex-
trorsum obsoletis albidis, abdomine supra ad apicem virescenti-albo ad basin nigricante,

? mari similis, sed anticis supra plaga ochracea, vena mediana et ramis suis quadripartita notatis; posticis
vitta costali angustiore ad basin haud producta; abdomine supra omnino nigricante.

2Dd2

204 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).—CotomBia?; VENEZUELA *?.

Two male specimens of this species were contained in Arcé’s collection sent from
Veraguas. These agree closely with the Venezuela type, though the submarginal
whitish spots beneath are almost obliterated. The species most nearly allied to
P. lepidus is P. crassus, a butterfly of wide range in South America ; from this it differs
in its shorter and darker wings, and in having the ochraceous spot confined to the
female only and not common to both sexes, as is usual in most specimens of the allied

species.

21. Papilio philenor. (Tab. LXV. figg. 18, section of fold; 184, right harpe.)
Papilio philenor, Linn. Mant. Plant. p.535*; Smith, Abb. Lep. Georg. i. p. 5, t.8°; Boisd. & Lec.
Lép. Am. Sept. p. 29, t. 11°; Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 324°; Mén. Mus. Cat. Petr. p. 6’.
Papilio astinous, Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. i. t. 11. ff. 1, 4°; Cram. Pap. Ex. iii, t. 208. A, B’.
Laertias philenor, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S. i. p. 1241°.

@ alis atro-virescentibus; anticis ad apicem, margine externo et posticis omnino certa luce viridi micantibus,
ciliis inter venas albis ; posticis maculis sex submarginalibus glauco-albidis: subtus fuliginosis ; anticis,
preter apices, nigro-viridescentibus, maculis quatuor submarginalibus, ea ad angulum analem bifida et
ciliis inter venas flavescentibus ; posticis dimidio distali mox ultra cellulam viridi-wneo micante, maculis
quatuor ad marginem internum suum albis, maculis septem discalibus rubro-aurantiis introrsum late
extrorsum anguste nigro limbatis et omnibus supra venam medianam, macula alba ad marginem suum
superiorem, macula aurantia inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum utrinque albo marginata ;
lunulis marginalibus inter venas flavidis.

2 mari similis, sed alis obscurioribus et minus nitentibus; anticis maculis quatuor aut quinque submarginalibus
albis; ea ad angulum analem bifida, maculis submarginalibus posticarum albidioribus.

Hab. Norrn America®, from the lakes southward, and westward into California §.—
Mexico 5, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), Acapulco (A.
H. Markham, H. H. Smith), Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Pinos Altos in
Chihuahua and Rio Mescales (Buchan-Hepburn), Jalapa (Hége), Coatepec (Brooks),

Orizaba, Cordova (Sallé), Puebla (Richardson), Atlixco (F. D. G.).

The history of this species has recently been very minutely gone into by Mr. Scudder
in his work on the ‘ Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada’, where will be
found full descriptions of all its stages of development as well as its habits and distri-
bution within the limits of the United States. On the Mexican side of the frontier it
is widely distributed as far south as the State of Puebla. On the eastern side we have
no record of its occurrence at a lower elevation than 4000 feet, but it is found on the
shores of the Pacific near Acapulco and Mazatlan. Its range in altitude is therefore
very considerable, and extends from the sea-level to a height of about 7000 feet in the
mountains.

Some variation is noticeable in Mexican specimens. This principally affects the
submarginal spots in both wings; these are sometimes obsolete, at others clearly
defined; some females, too, are of a more sooty hue, due perhaps to age and exposure,
others are brighter and greener.

PAPILIO. . 205

22. Papilio corbis. (Tab. LXVI. figg.7, 8¢.)
Papilio corbis, Godm, & Salv. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 6, iii. p. 357’.

P. philenori affinis, sed posticis fere ecaudatis: subtus margine posticarum sneo-virescente multo angustiore,
maculis suis rufescentioribus distinguendus.

Hab. Mexico, Valladolid, Northern Yucatan (Gawmer ‘).

We have several specimens of this form of P. philenor, including both sexes. The
males have a submarginal row of spots on the primaries just as in the females, only
rather smaller; as a rule these are not present in the males of P. philenor.

23. Papilio orsua. (Tab. LXVI. figg. 9, 10 ¢.)
Papilio orsua, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 6, iil. p. 358°.

3 P. philenori quoque similis, sed multo minor et alis nitide cerulescentioribus; posticis ecaudatis, maculis
submarginalibus magis rotundatis et pure albis: subtus posticis a margine usque ad cellulam nitide
cyanescentibus, maculis suis saturate rubris.

9 mari similis, sed maculis omnibus majoribus et magis distinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Tres Marias Islands (forrer ').

This is also a form of P. philenor, probably peculiar to the Tres Marias Islands. As
in P. corbis the tails of the secondaries are not developed ; but it differs from that species
in the bluer tint of its wings, the spots of the hind wings being of a clearer white and
further from the outer margin. Beneath, the metallic blue margin of the secondaries
is much wider, extending up to the cell. On the opposite mainiand at Acapulco and
Mazatlan the true P. philenor is found.

E. P. THYMBRZUS, P. BRANCHUS, P. PHAON, &C. group.
Papilio, Sect. x., xi. (except Sect. x. Subsection D), Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 10, 11, 52, 53.

The fold along the inner margin of the secondaries in both P. thymbreus and
P. branchus and their allies is much simpler than in the preceding groups; the wing
is not completely folded back, and the surface is covered with normal scales, the outer
edge is convex. ‘The base of the underside of the secondaries is marked with red
spots, which are characteristic of the members of this group.

The distal end of the foliate appendage of the fore tibia is much nearer the distal
end of that joint than its base is from the proximal end.

The harpes are, so far as we have examined them, similarly constructed. The
projection on the middle of the lower surface is present in each case as in P. zestos
&c., but the terminal portion is much more, complicated, as will be seen from the figures
(Tab. LXVII. figg. 2, 5, 7, 9). 7

All the members of the various sections of this group are South American in their
domicile, none are found in the north beyond the limits of Mexico. P. thymbreus

206 RHOPALOCERA.

and its ally are solely from our region. P. branchus and its allies are also nearly all of
them peculiar, but have relations in Tropical South America. The same is the case

with P. phaon.

c. General colour of the wings brownish black, secondaries with submarginal red spots.

c'. Margin of secondaries serrate, median nervure prolonged to form a short tail.

24. Papilio thymbreus. (Tab. LXVII. fig. 2, right harpe.)
Papilio thymbreus, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 8302'; Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diwrn. Lep. t. 4. £.3°; Men.
Cat. Mus. Petr., Suppl. p. 68°; Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 15, t. 9 *.

o alis nigricantibus certa luce viridi lavatis, ciliis angustissime albis; posticis bene dentatis vena mediana -
producta, maculis septem in serie submarginali rosaceo-rubris, iis angulo anali proximis lunulatis, maculis
alteris quinque coloris ejusdem in serie interiore positis; lineolis tribus submarginalibus ad angulum
analem: subtus fuscescentioribus; anticis macula ad cost# basin rubra; posticis maculis rubris ut in
pagina superiore, serie interiore magis obsoleta, maculis quatuor ad basin et linea margine interno sub-
parallela quoque rubris, lunulis sex submarginalibus glauco-albidis, iis ad angulum apicalem Aupheibus.

mari similis, maculis posticarum magis rubidis.

Hab. Mexico ®, Tlatlecope (Sallé 1), Jalapa (Hége), Orizaba (Elwes), Cordova (Hage,
Riimeli), Oaxaca (Fenochio); British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneausr) ; GuATE-
MALA “, Cubilguitz (Champion), forests of Northern Vera Paz (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Chacoj
(Champion), Polochic and Central valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.),San Geronimo (Ff. D. G. &
O. S., Champion), Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S.).

Boisduval described specimens of this species from Mexico, where it is now known to
be abundant over the southern portion of that country. Itis also widely distributed
in Guatemala, and is found at elevations varying from 1500 to 5000 feet above the sea.
It has a superficial resemblance to P. photinus, especially as regards the distribution
of the red spots on the secondaries; but the two insects are really very distinct,
P. thymbreus lacking the opalescent lustre of P. photinus; it, moreover, ranges to a
higher altitude in the mountains.

25. Papilio aconophos.
Papilio aconophos, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 65, t. 11. f. 17.

P. thymbreo persimilis, sed posticis serie interna macularum absente.

Hab. Mexico, Puebla (Mus. Brit.), Oaxaca (Fenochio).

A species of rather doubtful value, the only difference between it and P. thymbreus
being the presence in the latter of two series of red spots in the secondaries instead of
one. As this second series in P. thymbreus is rather variable, and shows a tendency
in some specimens to become obsolete, P. aconophos may be only an extreme form of
P. thymbreus in which the inner band of spots has disappeared. Our specimens,

PAPILIO. 207:

however, are not numerous enough to show the complete gradation between the two,
and we therefore treat both forms as distinct.

P. aconophos was first described and figured by Gray from a specimen from Puebla
in the British Museum; this is a female. We have two examples sent us by Fenochio
from the State of Oaxaca, both males, which do not differ from the type in coloration,
except that the submarginal lunules are redder.

d'. Margin of secondaries undulate, no median tail.

26. Papilio branchus. (Tab. LXVII. fig. 7, right harpe.)
Papilio branchus, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. xviii. p. 3731; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 62,
t. 7. f.3°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 364°.

d alis nigris; anticis macula mediana trifida lactescenti-albida; posticis fascia maculosa discali a margine
externo bene remota coccinea; ciliis inter venas albidis: subtus fuliginosis; anticis maculis ut supra ;
posticis fascia discali introrsum rosacea; maculis quatuor et lineola margini interno subparallela coccineis.

mari similis, sed plerumque major, macula anticarum majore et fascia posticarum latiore.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Hége), Omealca (Trujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca
(Henochio); Guatemaua, forests of Northern Vera Paz, Choctum (F. D. G. & O. 8.),
- Cubilguitz (Champion), Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O, 8.), Chacoj, Teleman (Champion),
San Gerénimo (fF. D. G. & O. 8.); Honpuras (Dyson 12, Mus. Brit.); Nicaragua,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten?)

This Papilio was first described by Doubleday from a specimen in the British Museum
obtained by Dyson in Honduras!. We now know that it has a wide range in Central
America, but is probably more abundant in the forest country of Vera Paz than else-
where. Its northern range probably extends throughout the State of Vera Cruz, but
as yet we have not traced it beyond the neighbourhood of Cordova. Its occurrence
on the western side of the continent has not yet been determined with certainty ;
Mr. Fenochio’s specimen from Oaxaca was no doubt obtained on the eastern side of
the Cordillera. In Guatemala we never met with it in the lowlands bordering on the
Pacific Ocean. Its range in altitude extends to about 3000 feet above the sea.

27. Papilio belesis. (Tab. LXVII. figg. 8, 4¢; 5, right harpe.)

Papilio belesis, Gray, List Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 74* (1856, descr. nulla); Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag.
i, p. 1?.

: d P. brancho similis, sed anticis immaculatis; posticis fascia discalis maculis magis quadratis (nec elongatis)
margini externo propioribus.

mari similis.

_ Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.1), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemana, forests of Northern

Vera Paz (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.2), Cubilguitz (Champion), Polochic valley “ D. G. & O. 8.7),

Chacoj (Champion); Nicaraaua, Chontales (Belt).

The late G. R. Gray! first distinguished this species and named a specimen from

208 RHOPALOCERA.

Mexico in the British Museum under the title it now bears ; but he gave no description -
of it, and it was not until 1864 that Mr. Bates supplied this deficiency, and characterized

specimens obtained by us in the interior of Guatemala”. The range of P. belesis is

almost exactly that of P. branchus, but as yet it has not been recorded south of

Nicaragua. In Mexico and Guatemala it isa species of the eastern side of the main

mountain range, and is absent from the country bordering on the Pacific Ocean.

28. Papilio hephestion.
Papilio hephestion, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 42, t. 6. f. 6°.

P. belest similis, sed anticis macula albida bifida aut trifida medialiter notatis; posticis maculis submarginalibus
rubris omnino ut in specie notata.

Hab. Mexico (Sallé!); Guatemaa (mus. Staud.); Honpuras (mus. Staud.).

We know very little of this species, as we do not possess any specimens, and the only
ones we have as yet seen are three kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger from Guatemala
and Honduras. One of the latter is rather aberrant, the spots on the primaries being
only faintly indicated, and those on the secondaries are a little more elongated than in
the other examples. This specimen, therefore, is somewhat intermediate between _
P. hephestion and P. belesis, with a slight divergence towards P. branchus itself.

29. Papilio belephantes, sp.n. (Tab. LXVII. fig. 6 2.)
P. brancho et P. belest similis, ab illo anticis immaculatis, ab hoc fascia posticarum latiore differt.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremata (v. Turckheim), Polochic valley
(F. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras (mus. Staud.).

We have seen four specimens of this butterfly, which, though closely allied to both
P. branchus and P. belesis, appears to be distinct from either, and also from P. hephe-
stion. The primaries are spotless as in P. belesis, but the secondaries have a scarlet
band of the same width and position as in P. branchus.

Our two specimens from Atoyac and the Polochic valley are both females, but another
submitted to us by Dr. Staudinger from von Turckheim’s collection is a male, and the
fourth from Honduras is also of that sex. We thus see that the sexes in this species,
as in its close allies, are similarly coloured.

30. Papilio ilus.

Papilio ilus, Faby. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 17*, ex Jones Icon. ined. i. t. 29; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M.
p. 59; Bates, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 242°; Butl. Cat. Fab. Lep. p. 238°; Godm. & Salv. Trans.
Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 126°.

Papilio hostilius, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. v. p. 73°; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 48, t. 9. f. a’.

3 alis saturate fuscis; anticis maculis duabus infra ramum medianum, majore supra venam submedianam,
altera inter ramos medianos lactescenti-albis, squamis quibusdam infra ramum radialem inferiorem ;

PAPILIO. 209

posticis fascia discali coccinea venis medianis quadripartita; ciliis omnibus inter venas albis: subtus
saturate brunneis; anticis immaculatis; posticis fascia discali ut supra, sed maculis omnibus introrsum
rosaceo-albis ; maculis quatuor ad basin coccineis.

Q mari similis; anticis macula albida majore et in pagina inferiore obvia.

Hab. Panama, Lion Hill: (M*Zeannan 3).—Cotomsia®; VENEZUELA'S ',

We have no doubt that Mr. Bates was correct in naming two specimens of this
Papilio from Panama, P. ilus of Fabricius; and that P. hostilius is a synonym of the
same species. Of the latter we have the Venezuelan types before us, and they agree
accurately with our Panama male.

P. ilus must be a scarcé insect with a very limited range. Besides the specimens
already referred to, only one other example has come under our notice; this was taken
by Mr. Simons at Manaure in Northern Colombia °. |

31. Papilio guaco. (Tab. LXVII. fig. 1 ¢.)
Papilio guaco, Staud. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 91".

P. ilo similis, sed anticis angustioribus, magis falcatis, macula anticarum magis elongata et trifida, macula
posticarum discali latiore cellulam fere extendente.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ridbe 1).

This is apparently a northern form of P. ilus of Panama, but may be distinguished
by the characters mentioned above. It has only been met with by Dr. Staudinger’s
collectors in the neighbourhood of Chiriqui. We have a single male specimen from
him, and there is another in the Hewitson collection in the British Museum.

82. Papilio clusoculis.
Papilio clusoculis, Buti. Cist. Ent. i. p. 85; Lep. Ex. p. 163, t. 58. f. 2°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8.
1874, p. 364°.

Alis nigricantibus; anticis macula rotunda infra venam medianam albida, ramo mediano secundo bipartita ;
posticis plaga magna mediana coccinea, cellule finem occupante, macula ad angulum apicalem, altera
infra eam, et ciliis inter venas albidis: subtus fuscescentioribus; anticis plaga albida ut supra sed minore;
posticis plaga mediana multo minore cellulam nullo modo occupante rosacea, venis quadripartita ; lunulis
quinque submarginalibus coccineis, alteris exterioribus albidis, ea ad angulum apicalem maxima, omnibus
interdum obsoletis, maculis duabus basalibus coccineis ; corporis lateribus coccineis, abdomine infra albido
notato.

@ ignota.
Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten! *); Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).

The types of this species formed part of the large Costa-Rican collection described
by Messrs. Butler and Druce ’, and are the only ones we have seen from that country,
and but one has reached us from the State of Panama. The nearest ally of P. clusoculis
is P. euryleon of Colombia; it may readily be distinguished from that species by the
shape, colour, and position ot the spot on the primaries. '

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1890. 25

210 RHOPALOCERA.

d. General colour of the wings greenish black.

é’. Submarginal spots of the secondaries red.

33. Papilio xenarchus.
Papilio xenarchus, Hew. Ex. Butt., Papilio, t. 5. f. 12°.

Alis viridescenti-nigris; anticis fascia submarginali maculosa viridi-alba ; posticis fascia discali lata, venis in
maculas septem elongatas divisa, coccinea; ciliis inter venas albidis: subtus fuliginoso-nigris ; posticis

lunulis septem submarginalibus notatis et maculis tribus ad basin coccineis; abdominis lateribus coccineo
notatis.

Hab. Muxico 1, Jalapa (Schaus).

This form, which has the red band of the secondaries wide, appears to be much rarer
than that with the narrow band of isolated spots, P. eridamas, and the only examples.
we have seen are Hewitson’s type, one without precise locality in our collection, and
specimens in that of Mr. Schaus. It is a question whether these forms are really
specifically distinct, but for the present we prefer to treat them so. They both occur
in the same district of Eastern Mexico. |

34. Papilio eridamas. (Tab. LXVII. fig. 10 ¢.)
Papilio eridamas, Reak. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 248°.

P. xenarcho similis, sed fascia maculosa posticarum multo angustiore, maculis singulis fere rotundis, primo visu
distinguendus.

Hab. Mexico}, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Coatepec (Brooks), Omealca
(Trujillo).

The width of the spotted band of the secondaries of P. eridamas as compared with the
much wider one of P. xenarchus seems a safe character by which to distinguish the
two forms; but there is some variation in P. eridamas as to the number of these
spots; some of our examples have seven, others six, and one only five red spots.
Those specimens in which the full complement of seven is not present have a series
of small or obsolete greenish-white spots between the red spots and the outer margin,
that at the apical angle being the largest. A female in Dr. Staudinger’s collection
has all the red spots, except that near the anal angle, sprinkled with light scales, a
character we do not observe in any of our examples.

P. eridamas was first described by Mr. Reakirt from a Mexican specimen in the
collection of the Entomological Society of Philadelphiat. No special locality was
mentioned, but we now know that the range of the species is limited to a very
restricted area extending from Jalapa to the neighbourhood of Cordova and Atoyac.

PAPILIO. 211

jf’. Submarginal spots of the secondaries greenish yellow.

35. Papilio phaon. (Tab. LXVIL. fig. 9, right harpe.)
Papilio phaon, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 319°; Lép. Guat. p. 6°; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 69°.

Alis nigricantibus saturate eneo-viridi nitentibus; anticis fascia submarginali, maculas novem composita (ad
angulum apicalem evanescente) pallide sulphurea; posticis fascia discali venis septem partita ultra
cellulam aut finem ejus occupante viridi-sulphurea, maculis ultra eam septem submarginalibus sulphureis,
ea ad angulum apicalem maxima, ciliis inter venas sulphureis, squamis paucis interdum ad angulum
analem coccineis: subtus fuscescentibus; anticis maculis quinque submarginalibus ad angulum analem
albidis; posticis lunulis sex aut septem submarginalibus et maculis tribus basalibus coccineis, punctis
submarginalibus sex aut septem albicantibus: corporis lateribus coccineo punctatis.

Hab. Mexico 1 (Hartweg, Mus. Brit.*), Cordova (Hoge), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Brrrisu

Honpuras, Corosal (Roe), R. Sarstoon (Blancaneaux); GuateMana, Cubilguitz (Cham-

pion), Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), La Tinta, Chacoj, Panzos (Champion) ;

Honpuras (Mus, Brit.3 et Staudinger).—Co.omsta ?

Mexican specimens formed the basis of Boisduval’s description of this species!; and
though we find it by no means rare in the hotter parts of Central Vera Cruz, we have no
record of it from any portion of Western Mexico. It is found also in British Honduras,
in the forest-region of Northern Vera Paz, and the lower portion of the valley of the
Polochic; there are specimens also in the British Museum and in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection from Honduras. Southward of this, through the rest of Central America,
we have no tidings of it until we come to Colombia, where specimens obtained by
Dr. Lindig were described by Felder as Papilio therodamas. One of these examples we
have before us, and it exactly resembles others from Central America of typical form.
Felder’s figure, however, shows some subcostal streaks near the apical angle of the
primaries, which are barely visible in P. phaon, but more characteristic of P. metaphaon.

A specimen from Mexico in Dr. Staudinger’s collection has a red spot near the anal
angle, and three indistinct ones near the apical angle of the secondaries, thus showing
a relationship to P. cenarchus, and it may prove that these two forms mingle in Mexico,
the only country in which the red-banded forms are found,

36. Papilio pharax, sp.n. (Tab. LXVII. fig. 8 3.)

P. eridamas forsan proximus, sed anticis magis elongatis et posticis fascia discali maculosa a margine externo
magis remota et maculis suis omnibus (ea ad angulum analem excepta) viridescenti-albidis.

Hab. British Honpvuras, Corosal (foe).

A single male specimen of an apparently distinct species, somewhat intermediate
between P. eridamas and P. phaon in coloration, is the only one we have as yet received
‘of this form. The primaries resemble in shape and coloration those of P. phaon, but
‘the spots on the secondaries are small and oval like those of P. eridamas; the only
‘one, however, that is scarlet is that next the anal angle. ;

25 2

212 RHOPALOCERA.

37. Papilio metaphaon.
Papilio metaphaon, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 434".
Papilio phaon, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 126 ’.

P, phaonti persimilis, sed anticis lineis subcostalibus ad angulum apicalem viridi-sulphureis; posticis fascia
discali multo majore, grisescentiore et feré totam cellulam occupante.

Hab. Mexico? (coll. Kaden 1).—Co.omsta 2.

We have some doubts as to whether this Papilio should be admitted into our list ;
the title to do so rests upon the label of the type, which was formerly in Dr. Kaden’s
collection, and marked “ Mexico.” It agrees almost exactly with the specimen named
P. phaon by us in our list of Mr. Simon’s collection from Northern Colombia; we thus
think it very probable that this close ally of P. phaon will be found to inhabit Northern
Colombia and probably Venezuela, and not Mexico at all. It is only doubtfully speci- —
fically distinct from P. phaon, but differs in the points mentioned above.

Mr. Butler, in his description, refers to P. ulopos as its nearest ally. This alliance
is more remote.

38. Papilio ulopos.
Papilio ulopos, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 69°; List Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 80 (1856) ?.

P. phaonti quoque similis, sed anticis maculis submarginalibus vix ullis, tribus aut quatuor ad medium mar- |
’ ’ q
ginis externi tantum notatis; fascia posticarum cellule finem plerumque occupante.

Hab. Mexico! (Hartweg ?); British Honpuras, R. Hondo (Blancaneaux), Corosal
(Roe); GuatemaLa, Cubilguitz (Champion), Choctum, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & 0. 8.),
Panzos, Cahabon (Champion); Honpuras (mus. Staudinger).

P. ulopos was based upon a specimen said to have been sent by Hartweg from Mexico ?;
but we have no confirmation of this statement, all our specimens being either from
British Honduras or the lowlands of Vera Paz. Hartweg travelled both in Mexico and
Guatemala, and his specimen may have come from the latter country. In Guatemala
P. ulopos occupies nearly the same area as P. phaon, and though the two are obviously
allied, the former may readily be distinguished from the latter by the submarginal spots
of the primaries being confined to the middle of the margin ; those near the anal angle
(which are large in the latter) are completely obliterated.

F, P. PROTESILAUS &c. group.
Papiho, Sect. xv.-xix., xxii., xxiii., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 12, 15, 55-59.

The inner margin of the secondaries is more or less folded in this group, but the fold
in P, epidaus is very small and restricted to the proximal portion of the margin, and,
moreover, does not appear to enclose a tuft of long hairs, which in the other sections is

PAPILIO. 213

situated close to the submedian nervure. This tuft is more or less developed in the
other species, and differs in colour. The median nervure of the secondaries is much
elongated, so as to form a tail, which is not spatulate, but slightly tapering to its
rounded end. .

The base of the foliate appendage of the fore tibia is placed a little beyond the middle
of that joint. ,

The harpes of the species of this group vary considerably in structure; but there is
a certain resemblance in those of the different sections as arranged below. ‘Thus, in
P. penthesilaus and P. protesilaus the lower edge of the harpe in each has a prominent
horn-like process, but the projection above it terminates in a serrate edge in P. penthe-
silaus (Tab. LXVIII. fig. 7), and in a blunt point in P. protesilaus (fig. 6). The
central longitudinal serrate-edged ridge is much more developed in the latter than
in the former.

None of the other species placed in this group have the same arrangement. This
will be best seen on comparing the figures.

All the species of this group are strictly Neotropical, several of them having a wide
range in South America.

e. A distinct tuft of hair enclosed within the fold of the inner margin of the
secondaries.

g'. Tuft of hairs in the fold long, black.

39. Papilio protesilaus. (Tab. LXVIIL. fig. 6, right harpe.)

Papilio protesilaus, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 209*; Syst. Nat. i. p. 7527; Clerck, Icones, t. 27. f. 2°;
Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 202. ff. A, B*; Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 262°; Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 13, 57°;
Auriv. Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Band 19, No. 5, p. 29%.

Protesilaus leilus, Swains. Zool. Il., Ins. ser. 2, iii. t. 93%.

Papilio glaucolaus, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 4°.

Alis cretaceo-albis ; anticis ad basin viridescentibus, fasciolis quinque nigris transversis a costa incipientibus,
primoribus duabus ultra cellulam ductis, quarta abbreviata (interdum obsoleta), quinta per cellule finem,
margine externo decrescente, fasciam latam trigonam semihyalinam includente, nigris; posticis margine
externo nigro lunulas cretaceo-albas includente, iis venam medianam utrinque et ad angulum analem
duplicatis interdum quoque ea inter venas radiales, lunulis glaucis ad angulum analem, ciliis inter venas,
caude apice et margine suo interno, albis, macula subanali rubra extrorsum nigro marginata: subtus ut

. supra; posticis vittis duabus a costa per cellulam prope macula coccinea conjunctis, nigris, exteriore ex-
trorsum rubro limbata.
Hab. Panama, Lion Hill (1f‘Leannan*®)—Sovtu America generally, from Colombia

to Guiana .and to Paraguay.

Taking Clerck’s figure as typical of P. protesilaus of Linneus, as suggested by
‘Dr. Aurivillius 7, this name becomes associated with the form of this Papilio in which

214 RHOPALOCERA.

the lunules at the base of the tail are white and the outer margin but slightly serrated.
As thus restricted, some variation is to be traced in individuals from various parts of its
wide range, but we do not think it desirable to admit any further subdivision, or indeed
to recognize the Panama individuals described by Mr. Bates as Papilio glaucolaus®.
The grounds upon which the latter was separated are stated to be the greenish-
white tint of the ground-colour of the wings both above and beneath, the narrower
transparent space between the apical border of the primaries, and the straightness
of the inner edge of the black outer border of the secondaries enclosing the pale
lunules. With the large series now before us these characters can hardly be
maintained as definite ; the wings, it is true, have the faintest green tinge pervading
them, but this is all. .

We have not as yet traced P. protesilaus beyond the line of the Panama Railway.

In the rest of our country, up to Southern Mexico, P. penthesilaus is the prevailing and
only form.

40. Papilio penthesilaus. (Tab. LXVIII. fig. 7, right harpe.)

Papilio penthesilaus, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. i. p. 52, t. 11. f. c’; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 365’.

Papilio protesilaus, var. 6, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 34°.

Papilio protesilaus, Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 6*.

Papilio macrosilaus, Boisd. MS.’; Gray (ut supra) ; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 6°.

Le Flambé du Pérou, Daubenton, Pl. Enlum. t. 44. ff. 1, 2 (apud Boisd.)’.

Papilio archesilaus, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 51, t. 11. ff. a, 6°.

P. protesilao similis, sed anticis linea submarginali nigra angustiore, plaga hyalina latiore; posticis margine
externo profunde serrato, ciliis omnibus usque ad angulum apicalem albis.
© mari similis.

Hab. Mexico (Sallé1), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe), R. Sarstoon (Blancaneauz) ;
GuatemaLa, forests of Northern Vera Paz (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Cubilguitz (Champion),
Polochic valley (1. D. G. & O. S.), Cahabon (Champion) ; Honpuras (Dyson, mus. Brit.*) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *); Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre
(Arcé), Panama (M‘Leannan).—Cotomsia §; Peru’.

We use this name for this form of P. protesilaus the specific distinctness of which
seems to be assured by the slight difference in the structure of the harpes of the males.
It was applied by Felder to a specimen obtained by Sallé in Southern Mexico, probably
from the neighbourhood of Cordova, where he so long resided. We have an example
from Atoyac, in the same district, which agrees closely with Felder’s description and
figure, so that our determination of this species can hardly be questioned. Making
some allowance for individual variation, we find this form prevalent throughout our
region and extcndiig beyond it into Colombia. Except at Panama, it is the only

PAPILIO. 215

form found in Central America; there, however, it comes into contact with two other
forms, P. protesilaus and P. telesilaus, both southern types with a very wide range in
South America. It will be observed that we unite the Colombian P. archesilaus
with our Central-American insect. From specimens before us it seems included
within the limits of the variation of the more northern form.

Regarding P. macrosilaus (for a long time only a MS. name in Boisduval’s collec-
tion) a few words seem necessary. Gray first mentioned it in a published work as a
variety of P. protesilaus, associating it with a Honduras specimen, but with inade-
quate characters. Bates ascribed it to the form with fawn-coloured lunules subse-
quently described as P. telesilaus. Boisduval himself says that Daubenton’s figure in
the ‘Planches Enluminées’ is a good representation of his P. macrosilaus, and this
certainly agrees with the Colombian insect; he adds that his own specimen came from
Costa Rica. Under these circumstances P. macrosilaus has some claim to priority
over P. penthesilaus ; but the uncertainty of its application makes it desirable that
P. penthesilaus, a name fully characterized, well figured, and located, should be
employed.

We met with P. penthesilaus in some numbers in the low-lying forest-region of
Northern Vera Paz ; here it frequented the sandy banks of the forest streams.

Females of all these forms are exceedingly rare. We have one, however, taken with
its male at Calobre in the State of Panama, from which it appears that there is no
material difference in the coloration of the sexes; the female, however, has a slightly
ochraceous tint pervading the wings.

41. Papilio telesilaus.
Papilio telesilaus, Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 18, 57°.
Princeps heroicus protesilaus, Hiibnu. Samml. ex. Schmett. i. t. 1097.
Papilio protesilaus, var. macrosilaus, Bates, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 241°.

P. protesilao quoque similis, sed posticis lunulis ad caude basin et ad angulum analem cervinis.

Hab. Panama, Lion Hill (M*Leannan ?).—Sovrn America, from Colombia! to the
Amazons valley and South-eastern Brazil.

This is a common form in South America, extending over a large portion of the
hotter regions. It enters our fauna as far as the line of the Panama Railway, and our
examples from there agree as to size with those of Colombia, and are rather larger than
those found in more southern regions. Felder, in his description, fully entered into
the local variations of this form.

216 RHOPALOCERA.

h'. Tuft of hairs in the fold shorter.

a", Tuft of hairs pure white.

42, Papilio orabilis. (Tab. LXVII. figg. 144; 15, right harpe.)
Papilio orabilis, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 84°; Lep. Ex. p. 163, t. 58. f.1°; Butler & Druce, P. Z. S.
1874, p. 365 °.

Alis sulphureo-albis ; anticis apice ultra cellulam, margine externo late, fascia lata transversa per cellule
medium fusco-nigris, maculis tribus ultra cellulam albidis; posticis area anali et margine externo late
fusco-nigris, fasciola ad marginem analem bilunulata coccinea, macula anali triangulari ramum medianum
primum bisecta albida, lunulis submarginalibus ceruleo-albidis : subtus fere ut supra, area apicali interna
ad angulum analem producta fusco-albida; posticis fascia a costee medio ad medium marginis externi
fusco-nigricante, margine interno ejusdem coloris: abdomine fusco-albido utrinque bistriato.

Hab. Guaremata (Sarg, in mus. Berol.); Costa Rica (Van Patten1?); Panama,
Chiriqui (Arcé), Bugaba (Champion).—CoLoMBIA.

This beautiful species is most nearly allied to P. hippodamas of Felder, from Colombia,
but may readily be distinguished by its paler sulphur colour, its narrower darker
margin, and by the band which crosses the middle of the cell terminating abruptly
instead of being carried forward to the middle of the outer margin ; the secondaries
beneath have a band which runs from the middle of the costa and joins the middle of
the dark outer border. In the allied species this band is merged in the border itself.
The first specimens received of P. orabilis were included in Van Patten’s large Costa-
Rican collection described by Messrs. Butler and Druce*. It has since been found in
Chiriqui; there is also a specimen in the Berlin Museum from Mr. Sarg, marked as
having come from Guatemala. We have no other evidence of its occurring nearly so
far north. Recently Mr. Druce has received a specimen from Colombia, probably from -
the valley of the Cauca *.

43. Papilio lacandones. (Tab. LXVII. figg. 11, 124; 18, right harpe.)
Papilio lacandones, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 4°.

‘ Alis pallide ochraceis ; anticis margine costali (fere totam cellulam includente) et margine externo brunneis ;
maculis tribus costalibus et lineolis quatuor apicalibus, margine externo parallelibus, ochraceis ; posticis
margine externo et interno anguste brunneis, lunulis submarginalibus ab apice usque ad venam me-
dianam flavis, lunulis alteris cerulescentibus ad angulum analem, maculis duabus ad angulum ejusdem
coccineis: subtus ut supra sed pallidioribus ; posticis maculis sex rubris margine externo brunneo inclusis.

Hab. Guatemata, forests of Vera Paz, Choctum (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.1), Cubilguitz
(Champion); Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).—Ecuapor ; PERv.

The first specimens of this species were obtained by us during a visit to the low-lying
forest-region of Northern Vera Paz, at an elevation of about 1200 fect above the sea,

* Messrs. Butler and Druce include P. servillei in the list of Van Patten’s Costa-Rican butterflies *, but its
oceurrence in that country requires confirmation.

| PAPILIO. 217

in February 1862; Mr. Champion subsequently found it in the same district. Mr.
Bates’s description was drawn up from our specimens, and he compared it with Papilio
leucaspis of Godt. It is, however, with P. dioxippus of Hewitson that its relationship
lies ; from this it differs in having a narrower margin, a more acute apical angle to the
secondaries, and in wanting a patch of purplish white situated inside the yellow lunules
on either side of the median nervure beneath.

The range of P. lacandones is somewhat remarkable, for specimens we possess from
Cururai in Ecuador and Cosnipata in Peru seem certainly referable to the Guatemalan
form and not to P. dioxippus, the range of which appears to be restricted to
Colombia.

44, Papilio salvini. (Tab. LXVIII. figg. 34; 4, right harpe.)

Papilio salvini, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p.4°; Hew. Ex. Butt. iii., Papilio, t. 8. £.237; Boisd.
Lép. Guat. p. 5°.

Papilio eacus, Boisd. MS.‘

Alis pallide viridi-cretaceo-albis ; anticis costa, area apicali, margine externo, linea per cellulam, altera per
finem ejus ad marginem externum extensa nigris; posticis margine externo nigro, ad caude basin lunulis
duabus glaucis includente, altera in lobulo anali nigro, macula subanali introrsum rubra extrorsum nigra :
subtus sericeo-albis ; anticis area apicali usque ad apicem hujus coloris, lineis et marginibus ut in pagina
superiore sed angustioribus, linea per cellule finem haud marginem externum attingente; posticis ut
supra, linea recta a costa per cellule finem, altera conjuncta margine interno parallela.

Hab. Mexico, Yucatan (fide Boisd.*); British Honpuras, R. Sarstoon (Blanca-
neauxr); GUATEMALA, forests of Northern Vera Paz, Choctum (F. D. G. & 0. S.), Cubilguitz
_ (Champion), Chisoy and Polochic valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Chacoj (Champion).

The specimens described by Mr. Bates! were obtained by us during our expedition
to the low-lying forests of Vera Paz; but an example said to have been from Yucatan
had previously been in Boisduval’s collection. We have one from the southern fron-
tier of British Honduras, and it also occurs in the lower part of the Polochic valley.
P. salvini has no near allies that we are acquainted with; it comes, perhaps, next to
P. bellerophon of Southern Brazil, but the differences on comparison are very obvious.

6". Tuft of hairs brown.

45. Papilio calliste. (Tab. LXVIII. figg. 1, 23.)
Papilio calliste, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 3’; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p.5*; Butler & Druce,
P. Z.S. 1874, p. 365 °.
Papilio Vorze, Boisd. Insect. Agric. 1869, p. 103 *.
Alis flavis ; anticis margine costali cellulam includente et margine externo brunneo-nigrescentibus, lineolis tribus
per cellulam, quarta ultra eam angulum analem versus extensa, quinta maculosa ad angulum apicalem
ducta flavis; posticis margine interno anguste, externo late nigricanti-brunneis, lunulis quinque sub-

marginalibus flavis, iis venam medianam utrinque duplicatis; maculis duabus subanalibus rubris, caude
apice et margine interno flavis: subtus ut supra sed omnino pallidioribus, lineola quarta usque ad

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1890. 2F

918 RHOPALOCERA.

angulum analem producta; posticis dimidio distali marginis externi albido, lunulis flavis et lineolis nigris
transversis notato; lineola irregulari rubra utrinque nigro marginata ad limbum internum marginis
externi.

Q nobis ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Cayo (0. S.); Guatemata,
forests of Northern Vera Paz (f. D. G. & O. S.1), Cubilguitz (Champion), Polochic valley
(F. D. G. & O. 8.), Purula, Coban, Chiacam, Cahabon (Champion) ;‘Costa Rica (Van
Patten *), Cache (Rogers).

We first discovered this species during an expedition to the low forests of Northern
Vera Paz, where it occurs in some numbers on the sandy banks of the forest streams.
We subsequently met with it on the upper part of the Belize river, and our collectors
secured a series of specimens in the valley of the Polochic. Mr. Champion also found
it in these and other places and as high as Purula and Coban, that is to say, at an
elevation of between 4000 and 5000 feet above the sea. It appears to be absent from
the forest-region bordering on the Pacific, and we have no record of its occurence else-
where in Central America till we reach Costa Rica.

46. Papilio marchandi. (Tab. LXVIII. fig. 5, right harpe.)
Papilio marchandii, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 350*; Lép. Guat. p. 57; Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1869,
p. 582°; Strecker, Lep. Rhop. Het. p. 25, t.4.f£.2*; Butler & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 365 °.

Alis aurantiis ; anticis margine costali et externo nigricantibus, illo limbo suo interno ad cellule finem valde
sinuoso, maculis tribus costalibus parvis, quarta ultra cellulam trifida et serie submarginali aurantiis ;
posticis margine interno anguste externo late nigricantibus, maculis submarginalibus, caude apice et
margine suo interno aurantiis, lunulis tribus glaucescentibus, una ad angulum analem, reliquis caudee
utrinque basi: subtus multo pallidioribus; anticis maculis omnibus aurantiis majoribus et confluentibus ;
posticis medialiter sordide ochraceis castaneo circumcinctis, basi flava linea nigra limbata, margine externo
nigro, maculis pagine superioris majoribus, lineola altera submarginali ad angulum apicalem aurantia,
corpore nigro flavo striato.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico! 4, Cordova, Orizaba (Boucard *), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); British Hon-
puras, R. Hondo, R. Sarstoon (Blancaneaux); GuateMa.a 3, forests of Northern Vera
Paz (F. D. G. & O. S.), Cubilguitz (Champion), Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. 8.), Sabo,
Chacoj, Panzos (Champion), Motagua valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica* (Van

Patten®); Panama +, Chiriqui (Zrotsch), Veraguas, Panama (Arcé).—CoLOoMBIA.

Boisduval first described this species from a Mexican specimen belonging to M.
Marchand, of Chartres. It has since been found on the slope of the mountains of
Vera Cruz, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Cordova; it is also abundant on the eastern
side of Guatemala, up to an elevation of about 2500 feet. Its most southern limit is
Colombia, where it is found at Frontino in the Cauca valley near Muzo, and near San
Buenaventura on the Pacific coast. It is remotely related to P. thyastes of Drury.

PAPILIO. 219

ce". Tuft of hairs black.

47. Papilio agesilaus.
Papilio agesilaus, Boisd. in Guér. & Perch. Gen. Ins., Lep. t. 11; Sp. Gén. i. p. 263 *.
Papilio conon, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. new ser. ii. p. 246, t. 22. f. 3°.

Alis cretaceo-albis ad basin viridescentibus ; anticis costa angustissime, margine externo ad angulum analem
decrescente nigricantibus, hoc fascia semihyalina includente, lineis quinque transversis nigricantibus,
secunda longissima, quinta ad cellule finem; posticis margine externo nigro lunulis quinque includente
cretaceis, iis vena mediana utrinque maximis, ciliis inter venas ad marginis externi medium, caude
apice, et margine suo interno quoque cretaceis, plaga bifida subanali rubra extrorsum nigro marginata,
lineaque obsoleta supra ramum medianum primum: subtus anticis ut supra sed pallidioribus ; posticis
margine externo lunulis albidis et nigris fere ut in pagina superiore notatis; lineis duabus a costa per
cellulam transeunte ultra eam conjunctis angulum acutum formantibus, interiore apud costam extrorsum
exteriore omnino introrsum rubro limbatis.

Hab. Panama, David (Champion), Calobre, Panama (Arcé)—CotomBia!?3; VENE-
ZUELA.

The original description and figure of this species were based upon a specimen obtained
on the borders of the Magdalena river in Colombia 1, and with Hewitson’s figure of
P. conon® before us we have no doubt that the latter is simply a synonym of P. agesi-
laus. Further in the interior, in the neighbourhood of Bogota, this species becomes
larger, the markings (especially of the under surface) are more strongly impressed.
Our Central-American specimens are somewhat intermediate in character both as to
size and to markings; butas there is no essential difference between any of these forms,
we make no attempt to separate them. Boisduval, in his ‘Species Général’ ?, by
referring to Mexican and Colombian specimens and to Esper’s figure of P. protesilaus,
evidently considered that the three species we now know as P. agesilaus, P. neostlaus,
and P. autosilaus were all referable to one under the first-mentioned name. LKsper,
under the name P. protesilaus, clearly figures the form of the Amazons valley described
by Bates as P. autosilaus.

P. agesilaus has a limited range in our country, and we have not traced it beyond
David in Chiriqui, where Mr. Champion procured many specimens.

48, Papilio neosilaus, (Tab. LXVIII. figg. 8, 9.)
Papilio neosilaus, Hopff. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 26°.

P. agesilao similis, sed posticis vitta supra ramum medianum primum latiore per cellulam usque ad costam
extendente: subtus posticis vitta exteriore transversa abbreviata haud interiore ultra cellulam

conjuncta.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca (Deppe', Fenochio), Atoyac (Schumann) ; British Honpvuras,
Cayo (F. D. G. & O. S.), R. Sarstoon (Blancaneaux); GuateMaua, Choctum, Polochic
valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Cubilguitz, Cahabon (Champion) ; Honpuras (mus. Staud.),
San Pedro (G. M. Whitely).

This is the Mexican and Guatemalan form of P. agesi/aus, in some respects resem-
2F 2

220 RHOPALOCERA.

bling the Amazonian P. autosilaus rather than P. agesilaus. In P. autosilaus, however,
the semihyaline submarginal band of the primaries is very narrow and the outer of the
two transverse bands of the secondaries beneath runs parallel to the inner band and
then curves round and meets it near the subanal red spot. Hopffer was the first to
distinguish this insect, basing his description upon specimens obtained by Deppe in
the Mexican State of Oaxaca. In Guatemala P. neosilaus is a very common species
in the low-lying heavily forested country on the eastern side of the main mountain-
range.

Dr. Staudinger possesses specimens from the Republic of Honduras, but none are
recorded from either Nicaragua or Costa Rica. |

49. Papilio philolaus. (Tab. LXVIII. fig. 12, right harpe.)

Papilio philolaus, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 256"; Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr., Lep. ii. p. 110, t.7. £17; -

Staud, Ex. Tagf. p. 18, t. 12°.

Alis nigris, fascia communi et lunulis submarginalibus viridescenti-albis ; anticis basi et lineis sex transversis
angustis ejusdem coloris, prima ad marginem internum producta, tertia et quarta fascia communi conjunctis,
quinta et sexta ultra cellulam; posticis linea nigra per fasciam communem; maculis duabus subanalibus
coccineis ; disco squamis sparsis albicantibus notato: subtus ut supra sed pallidioribus sneo micantibus ;
posticis linea per fasciam communem nigra introrsum rubra.

@ mari similis.

Forma altera: alis omnino nigris maculis subanalibus coccineis et squamis discalibus tantum notatis: subtus
pallidioribus, linea transversa coccinea et maculis subanalibus obviis.

Hab. Mexico 13, Tampico (Richardson), Cordova(Hége, Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith),
San Lorenzo near Cordova (Trujillo), Manzanillo (Lloyd), Acapulco (A. H. Markham),
Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe), Cayo (fF. D. G.
¢& O.8.); Guatemata °, forests of Northern Vera Paz, Choctum, Polochic valley, Central
valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.), Tucuru and Chacoj (Champion) ; Howpburas (mus. Staudin-
ger), San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt).

P. philolaus was described by Boisduval from specimens from Mexico, where it enjoys
a wide range in the low-lying lands of both sides of the mountain-range from Tampico
on the one side to the territory of Tepic on the other and southwards. Some variation
is observable in a series of specimens; this especially affects the width of the band
common to both wings, but the variations do not seem associated with any special
localities.

The species most nearly allied to P. philolaus is P. zonaria of Butler, from the island
of San Domingo; this has narrower, more falcate wings, and the submarginal spots
are rounder in form and not distinct lunules as in the present species, besides other
differences.

Like so many of its congeners, P. philolaus frequents the sandy banks of the forest
streams, sometimes occurring, as in the valley of the Polochic, in very great profusion.

PAPILIO. 221

50. Papilio xanticles. (Tab. LXVIII. figg. 10¢,11¢.)
Papilio xanticles, Bates, P. Z. 8. 1863, p. 241, t. 29.f.3*; Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880,
pp. 1267,
Papilio plesiolaus, Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 17°.

P. philolao similis, sed fascia communi multo latiore et cum lunulis submarginalibus et lineolis transversis
ochraceis, lineolis quinta et sexta ultra cellulam fascia communi conjunctis: subtus anticis fascia sub-
marginali interiore pallida notatis.

2 fusco-nigricantibus, lunulis submarginalibus ochraceis et maculis subanalibus coccineis tantum notatis: sub-
tus lineola transversa coccinea quoque obvia.

Hab. Panama, Lion Hill (M*Zeannan !).—Cotomsia ? 8.

This species has a very limited range, occurring, so far as we yet know, only on the
Panama Railway and at the foot of the Sierra Nevada of Northern Colombia, where
Mr. F. Simons found it at Manaure!. Its nearest ally is P. arcesilaus of Lucas, from
Venezuela, from which P. anaxilaus of Felder, from Bogota, is scarcely to be distin-
guished. JP. xanticles is a larger insect, with the light markings of the wings of a
much deeper ochreous yellow; the margins especially of the secondaries are wider.

Though allied to P. arcesilaus, it obviously belongs to the same section as P. philo-
laus, with which we have compared it above. It may at once be distinguished by the
wider ochraceous markings which occupy a larger portion of the wings.

The female we have described is probably not of the normal colour of that sex, but
one of the dark forms such as occur occasionally in P. philolaus. The normal female
will probably be found to resemble the male in coloration.

f. No tuft of hairs within the fold of the inner margin of the secondaries.

51. Papilio epidaus. (Tab. LXVIII. fig. 15, right harpe.)
Papilio epidaus, Doubl. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 15, t. 3. f.1*; Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr., Lep. p. 37; Gray,
List Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 46 (1856) °; Butl. & Druce, P.Z.S. 1874, p. 865 *.

Alis cretaceo-albis ; anticis cellula et area apicali semihyalinis, lineis quinque transversis nigris, primoribus
duabus, in posticis usque ad maculam subanalem coccineam extensis, margine interno plus minusve
parallelibus, tertia per cellulam ducta, quarta obsoleta, quinta per cellule finem fere ad angulum analem
extendente, margine externo nigro; posticis margine externo nigro, lunulis albis includente, iis ad
medium marginis et ad angulum analem duplicatis, ea infra venam medianam singula, cauda nigra
argenteo utrinque limbata: subtus ut supra, linea transversa posticarum exteriore extrorsum coccineo
limbata.

Hab. Mexico !, San Blas, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Omealca near Orizaba
(Trujillo), Cordova (Riimeli), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); British Honpuras,
Cayo (Ff. D. G. & O.S.); Guatemata, Central valleys, San Gerénimo (F. D. G. & O. S.,
‘ Champion), Pacific coast (Ff. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras!%; Nicaragua? 3, Chontales
(Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *).

In general appearance this butterfly much resembles P. agesilaus and P. protesilaus,

222 RHOPALOCERA.

the wings being of a similar chalky white crossed by narrow black bands; but the
resemblance is only superficial, for the arrangement of the bands is different in the two
forms, and P. epidaus alone has a black median band crossing the secondaries in the
direction of the anal angle; the silvery edging of the tail, too, is also a diagnostic
character. P. epidaus, though also found in the eastern lowlands of Mexico and
Guatemala, is the only one of these white species which occurs in North-western
Mexico and in the lowlands of Guatemala bordering on the Pacific Ocean.

Papilio epidaus was figured, without description, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s
‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera’ from Mexican and Honduras specimens. Its southern —
range extends to Costa Rica, for though Boisduval says it occurs in Colombia we have
no confirmation of this statement, and none of the collectors in the State of Panama have
met with it.

52. Papilio fenochionis. (Tab. LXVIII. figg. 13,14 3.)
Papilio fenochionis, Salv. & Godm. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 4, 11. p. 150°.

P, epidao similis, sed anticis magis hyalinis ; posticis dimidio distali (lunulis submarginalibus et maculis duabus
subanalibus coccineis exceptis) nigris ; linea mediana haud abbreviata, dimidio distali nigra conjuncta:
subtus posticis lineola mediana coccinea utrinque nigro limbata.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca (Fenochio *, Hoge).

This is a form of P. epidaus apparently confined to the State of Oaxaca on the
western side only. Further to the northward in the Sierra Madre of Tepic the true
P. epidaus is found, and also on the Pacific coast of Guatemala to the southward. Its
characters are fairly definite, the great extent of the black on the distal portion of the
secondaries and the submarginal lunules are in a single, not a double, row, though
indications of the inner row can be traced in some specimens.

G. P. THOAS group.
Papilio, Sect. xli., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 21, 69.

The secondaries have no fold along their inner margin, which instead of being
convex when fully spread is distinctly concave. The foliate appendage to the front
tibia is attached nearer the proximal than the distal end of that joint. The harpes are
of simple construction (see Tab. LXIX. fig. 4); the lower edge is produced to a point
and is slightly serrate beneath. The scaphium is strongly chitinized, and has a pair of
well-developed hooks, which are directed outwards and are upturned.

The sexes are alike in coloration.

Though P. thoas has a wide range in North America, the group to which it belongs
must, we think, be considered a Neotropical one, as several allied species are found only
in southern countries.

PAPILIO. 223

53. Papilio thoas. (Tab. LXIX. fig. 4, right harpe.)

Papilio thoas, Linn. Mant. Plant. p. 536°; Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. i. p. 44, t. 22. ff. 1, 2°; Cram. Pap.
Ex. t. 167, A, B®; Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 3554; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 365°.

Princeps heroicus thoas, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. i. t. 114°.

Papilio cresphontes, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 165A and 166B"’; Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr., Supp. p. 68°;
Strecker, Cat. Butt. N. A. p. 69°; Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 22 & 69”.

Heraclides cresphontes, Scudder, Butt. East. U. 8. ii. p. 1834".

Alis fusco-nigricantibus ; anticis fascia extracellulari a margine interno ad angulum apicalem interdum venis
nigris divisa ad apicem plus minusve maculosa ochracea, macula tertia ab apice elongata, parte proxima
interdum macula elliptica fundi coloris fere obliterata, maculis tribus ad cellule finem parvis subcostalibus
ochraceis, lunulis quatuor coloris ejusdem ab angulo anali ad fascia medium approximantibus ; posticis
fascia subbasali, lunulis sex submarginalibus, ciliis inter venas et caude spatula interne ochraceis, lunula
subanali rubra squamis quibusdam juxta eam glaucis: subtus colore ochraceo paging superioris pallidiore
et maculis majoribus, cellula fere omnino ochracea lineolis indistinctis fuscis radiolata, maculis octo
submarginalibus ochraceis; posticis fere omnino ochraceis, fascia discali extrorsum profunde serrata et
linea submarginali tantum nigris, illa lunulis septem glaucis includente, maculis duabus ultra cellulam et
lunula subanali rubris: abdomine ochraceo medialiter supra nigricante.

Q mari similis, sed major, fasciis et maculis omnibus ochraceis aut angustioribus aut minoribus.

Hab, Eastern Unitrep States southward of latitude 42°, and westward to the edge
of the plains, Florida and Texas.—Mexico *, Alamos, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-
Hepburn), Tampico (Richardson), Cordova (Hége, Riimeli), Omealca near Orizaba
(M. Trujillo), Ovizaba (Ff. D. G., H. J. Elwes), Ventanas in Durango (Forrer), Acagui-
zotla, Dos Arroyos, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Barrrish Honpuras, R. Hondo
(Blancaneauz); GuateMa.a, forests of Northern Vera Paz (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Chiacam,
Cahabon, Panima, Chacoj (Champion), Polochic valley, Yzabal, Central valleys, San
Geronimo, Motagua valley, Pacific coast (Ff. D.G. & O. 8.); Honporas, San Pedro
(G. M. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten®); Panama,
Bugaba, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé), Lion Hill (1f*Leannan).—Soutn AMERIcaA
generally from Colombia and Guiana to the Argentine Republic.

Many entomologists consider that the names P. thoas and P. cresphontes apply to two
distinct species, the former having a wide range in South America, the latter distributed
over a large portion of North and Central America. So far as we can find the points
of distinction have never been satisfactorily laid down, though Dr. Felder strongly
urges their acceptance, and so far as we can see from the large series before us no
tangible points of difference exist. Variation of course is present, and to a considerable
extent, but it is not localized in any marked degree. Specimens from Southern Brazil
are, as a rule, remarkably large, and have the primaries more decidedly falcate; still
further south, in the Argentine Republic, the smaller form reappears. |

P. thoas is one of the commonest species of Papilio in America. In our country it
is to be found with the vast numbers of butterflies which frequent the damp sandy
banks of the rivers; here it may be seen on the outskirts of the multitude of Callidryas
with quivering wings ready to take flight at the approach of danger.

224 RHOPALOCERA.

A full account of the development of this insect will be found in Mr. Scudder’s work
quoted above. |

54. Papilio thrason.
Papilio thrason, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 74’.
Papilio peon, Snell. v. Vollen. Tijdschr. voor Ent. iii. p. 86? (nec Roger et Boisduval).

P. thoanti similis, sed supra fascia posticarum a margine externo magis remota, caude basi latiore et introrsum
fere ad apicem ochraceo limbata: subtus posticis fascia discali nigra prope cellulam rubro marginata,
lunulis ad costam et marginem internum tantum medialiter glaucis, reliquis quinque ochraceis, lunula
inverta ad cellule finem nigra, squamis ochraceis includente et introrsum rubro marginata.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten).—CotomBia 12; VENEZUELA 1.

The name of this species is omitted from Messrs. Butler and Druce’s list of Van
Patten’s Costa-Rican collection. We find, however, that a specimen of it exists therein,
agreeing accurately with others from Colombia including a typical one sent us by
Dr. Felder. Though we have compared it with P. thoas, to which it is remotely allied,
its relationship is much closer to P. pwon of Western Peru and Chili and P. cresphon-
tinus * of San Domingo, from both of which it, however, presents obvious differences.

H. P. EPIDAuRUS (vel P. androgeus) group.
Papilio, Sect. xliv., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 22, 70.

As in P. thoas there is no definite fold near the inner margin of the secondaries, and
the margin itself is concave. The foliate appendage of the front tibia is attached rather
nearer the proximal than the distal end of that joint. The harpes are ovate and have
a prolonged spine on the lower edge; the upper part of the outer edge has a strongly
serrate projection (see Tab. LXIX. fig. 3). The scaphium is not so definite as in
P. thoas. These parts are very similar in P. epidaurus and P. lycophron, but those of
P. erostratus much more closely resemble those of P. pandion belonging to a section
or group in which the sexes are similarly coloured. In all members of this group of
species the sexes differ widely in colour. The secondaries have the median nervure
produced beyond the margin, but this projection is not spread to form a spatule.

This is another strictly Neotropical group, and is unrepresented in North America.

55, Papilio epidaurus, sp. n. (Tab. LXIX. figg. 1, 2 2; 3, right harpe.)
Papilio polycaon, var. 6, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. p. 36°.
Papilio polycaon, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 365.

* Gray and Felder use the name P. daphnis of Martyn for this species (Sp. Lep. p. 21); but this is an error,
as P.daphnis of Martyn is an Argynnis figured in plates iii. & iv. of his work together with this Papilio, which
is there called P. cresphontinus, but said to be from Amboyna! P. cresphontinus antedates P. aristodemus of.
Esper by four years.

PAPILIO. 225

Alis fusco-nigricantibus; fascia lata communi a margine interno posticarum ad anticarum apicem extendente,
hujus cellule partem occupante ochracea in anticis, preecipue ad apicem, venas nigras divisa; posticis
lunulis septem submarginalibus, ea ad angulum apicalem pallide ochracea, ea ad angulum analem rubra,
reliquis obscure ochraceis ; maculis alteris obscuris discalibus ochraceis, ea ad marginem internum glauca:
subtus ochraceis, anticis apice et margine externo fuscis, hoc lunulis sex includente, cellula fusco longitudi-
naliter striata ; posticis lunulis septem discalibus nigris lunulis glaucis includentibus introrsum plus minusve
rubido marginatis, margine externo et cauda nigris, ciliis inter venas ochraceis, lunula anali rubida.

9 alis viridi-nigricantibus ; anticis fere immaculatis squamis quibusdam et lunulis ad angulum analem evanescen-
tibus ochraceis; posticis fascia discali, cellule finem vix occupante, ad marginem internum decrescente
glauco-virescente, serie duplici lunularum submarginalium paulo saturatioribus, lunula anali rubida:
subtus fuscescentibus; anticis squamis ultra cellulam et lunulis submarginalibus obscure ochraceis ;
posticis ultra cellulam nigricantibus, lunulis submarginalibus ochraceis (ea ad angulum analem excepta
rubida), lunulis alteris interioribus squamis sparsis compositis glaucescentibus, serie tertia lunularum
discali rubida, ciliis inter venas angustissime albis.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad, Ventanas in Durango (forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), San Lorenzo
near Cordova (M. Trujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata }, forests of Northern
Vera Paz, Yzabal, Polochic valley (FP. D. G. & O. S.), Chacoj and Panzos (Champion),
Pacific coast (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), El Reposo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé),
Lion Hill (4/‘Leannan).—San Domineo.

— It has of late been considered that there is only one species of Papilio of this form
ranging over the greater portion of Tropical America. Judging from the males alone
this would appear to be the case, but when the females are also examined it is found
that several races exist which are localized, and are, as a rule, not difficult to recognize.
The males and these females received several names from the older authors, all of
which, however, apply to South-American forms, and not one of them to that of our
country, which has a female distinct from any of the rest, and hence the necessity for
an additional name. Unfortunately our series from Guiana is not sufficiently good to
enable us to decide which of the older names is applicable to that form, but it must be
either P. androgeus or P. polycaon or P. piranthus.

The South-Brazilian form must certainly pass under the name of P. laodocus of
Fabricius, but the Colombian and Amazonian forms are probably unnamed.

In Mexico and Central America only one form prevails; the females from the
Mexican State of Durango and from Panama differ but very slightly from one another.
So far as we know there is no trace of any dimorphism in these females, but in the
Amazons valley and Guiana it would appear from Cramer’s figures that two forms at
least are found. This, too, is Mr. Bates’s view. Both in Mexico and Guatemala
P. epidaurus occurs on both sides of the mountain-range. The females appear to be
everywhere very scarce, or at least difficult to find.

56. Papilio pallas. (Tab. LXIX. figg. 5,69.) —
Papilio pallas, Doubl. List Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 53 (1844) (descr. nulla) *.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1890. 2a

2.26 RHOPALOCERA.

Papilio ebalus, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 39, t. 6. £. 1°; Gray, List Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 53
(1856) *.
Papilio lycophron, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 365 *.

Alis fuliginoso-nigris ; fascia communi lata ochracea ab apice anticarum ad marginem posticarum internum
transeunte, hujus cellulam occupante venis ad apicem divisa et extrorsum valde sinuata ; anticis maculis
tribus costalibus ad cellule finem quoque ochraceis et lunulis submarginalibus cum ciliis inter venas ejusdem
coloris; posticis maculis sex submarginalibus, introrsum rotundatis, extrorsum furcatis, cum ciliis inter
venas ochraceis, lunula subanali cxrulea, altera extrorsum et macula introrsum rubidis: subtus anticis
ut supra sed fascia et maculis omnibus majoribus, cellula longitudinaliter ochraceo striata ; posticis fascia
transversa nigra, lunulis septem rubidis notata, lunulis alteris ultra eas glaucescentibus, lunula anali
rubida sicut in pagina superiore: corpore ochraceo, abdomine supra medialiter nigro.

Q alis fuliginosis; anticis dimidio distali pallidiore, ciliis inter venas et maculis juxta eas ochraceis ; posticis
lunulis submarginalibus sex ochraceis, alteris interioribus cerulescentibus maculisque introrsum in serie
tertia rubidis: subtus fere ut supra; anticis fascia indistincte transversa ultra cellulam ; posticis maculis
rubidis majoribus.

Hab. Mexico 123; Tampico (Richardson), Coatepec (Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith) ;
Guatema.a, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.), Chacoj, El Reposo (Champion) ; Hon-
DURAS (mus. Staud.); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *).

This Central-American species has long passed under the name of P. wbalus of
Boisduval, which was given to a female specimen from an unknown locality. Mons.
Charles Oberthiir has kindly lent us the type of P. ebalus, and we find it agrees with an
example in our collection, the origin of which is also unknown, and also with one from
Dr. Staudinger which came from Santa Catarina in S.E. Brazil. The latter is accom-
panied by a male which has a very close general resemblance to P. lycophron; but the
primaries are shorter, the submarginal lunules of the secondaries are wider, and the
transverse dark band in consequence narrower. Should, however, this form be found
to be inseparable from P. lycophron, it will follow that that species has two forms of
female—one like P. pirithous, as figured by Lucas, the other like P. wbalus.

From P. lycophron the Central-American form differs in having the apical portion of
the common band more distinctly divided by the nervures, each segment being rounded
externally, the outer border has, therefore, a very serrated internal edge instead of a
comparatively straight one.

Males vary as to the width of the external border of the primaries and in that of the
transverse band of the secondaries, but every gradation is shown in Honduras specimens,
so that no specific differences can be based upon this feature. Females also differ
considerably, but we have not nearly a sufficient series to say positively whether these
differences are in any way localized. Mr. Schaus’s female. specimen from Coatepec has
the innermost of the three submarginal rows of spots on the secondaries distinctly
shown, whereas in a Honduras specimen the second row is more strongly developed,
but these characters are not sufficiently tangible to separate these forms until at least a
larger series is before us.

PAPILIO. 227

57. Papilio ornythion. (Tab. LXIX. figg.7, 8¢.)

Papilio ornythion, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 354’. .

Alis fuliginoso-nigris, fascia communi mediana ab apice anticarum ad marginem posticarum internum transeunte
ochracea, in anticis maculis subrotundis composita, tertia ab apice maculam triangularem includente,
maculis alteris subcostalibus sagittiformibus ultra cellulam, maculis submarginalibus quoque ochraceis,
iis ad angulum analem majoribus; posticis lunulis sex submarginalibus et ciliis inter venas ochraceis,
lunula anali rubra et supra eam squamis quibusdam ceruleis, cauda omnino nigra: subtus ut supra,
anticis cellula longitudinaliter ochraceo striata, fascia maculosa indistincta inter fasciam communem et
maculas submarginales quoque ochracea; posticis fascia transversa lata nigricante cellule finem transeunte,
lunulis septem rubidis includente, extrorsum nigro marginatis, lunulis albicantibus exterioribus quoque
notata, cauda medialiter ochraceo notata.

Hab, Mexico, Yucatan 1.

We have never seen a specimen of this species, but through the kindness of
Mons. Charles Oberthiir we have before us an excellent photograph procured for us
by him, and taken from Boisduval’s type still existing in the Museum at Bordeaux.
From this it appears that P. ornythion belongs to this section of the genus, and is not
really allied to P. thoas, with which Boisduval associated it, although the male has a
great similarity to that species; an obvious difference, however, is noticeable in the
primaries, which show a row of spots running parallel to and near the outer margin,
instead of diverging in the direction of the common ochreous band. As conipared with
P. pallas, P. ornythion has a very narrow common band, which is broken up into
roundish spots on the primaries, and beneath there is an indistinct band of spots
between the submarginal row and the common band. As in P. thoas the third
ochreous spot from the apex has a dark spot in the middle; this is not found in
P. pallas and its allies.

The female will doubtless prove to be similar to that of P. pallas.

It is curious that so little is known of this insect; this may, however, be due to its
having been overlooked from its great similarity to P. thoas. At the same time it may
prove not to belong to Yucatan at all, but to Cuba, in which case the female may be
P. pirithous itself. M. Roger had butterflies in his collection from both localities.

Our figure has been prepared from the photograph of the type already mentioned.

58. Papilio, sp.?

We have two fragmentary male specimens of a Papilio allied to P. palias—one from
the line of the Panama Railway, the other taken at sea a few miles from Punta Mala in
May 1873; neither of them is sufficiently perfect to enable us to give a full description.
They do not, however, quite correspond to any of the forms now before us; they are
larger than our examples of P. theophron, and have the series of lunules within the
black transverse band of the secondaries beneath very indistinct, the fulvous row, which
is the innermost, being very large, the rest are in consequence narrow. The outer

262

228 RHOPALOCERA.

border of the transverse band of the primaries is less distinctly cut by the nervures
than in P. pallas, and the second or third segments from the apex are the only ones
that are rounded outwardly. It is possible that these specimens may belong to
P. hippomedon of Felder, a species with which we are not sufficiently acquainted.
We may add that the whole of this group requires careful revision, and this can only
be done when the females of the various forms have been collected in sufficient
numbers to render their study possible.

59. Papilio tolus, sp. n. (Tab. LXX. figg. 1,2¢, 3,42.)

Alis nigricantibus, fascia communi a margine posticarum interno ad venam radialem anticarum inferiorem
extendente ochraceo, hujus cellulam omnino extrorsum, macula vene radialis superioris utrinque,
superiore elongata a cellule fine fere ad marginem externum extendente, inferiore multo minore, maculis
alteris tribus subcostalibus apud cellule finem coloris ejusdem; posticis maculis septem submarginalibus
subrotundatis ochraceis (ea ad angulum analem rubra excepta), maculis discalibus indistinctis quoque
rubidis, ciliis inter venas ochraceis, ea ad angulum analem rubro-atomata: subtus ut supra, anticis maculis
quinque submarginalibus et striis cellularibus basi radiantibus ochraceis; posticis maculis mox ultra
cellulam rubidis, maculis alteris ultra eas glaucis.

@ brunneo-nigricantibus ; anticarum ciliis inter venas albis ; posticis maculis discalibus in serie duplici positis
et lunulis marginalibus rubidis, ciliis ipsis albis: subtus fere omnino ut supra, maculis posticarum rubidis
magis rosaceis.

Hab. Mexico (Sallé), Tampico (Richardson).

This species belongs to the group of which P. torquatus of Guiana and the Lower
Amazons valley is the oldest known form. It is represented in all parts of Tropical
America by allied forms, which are either treated as varieties of P. torquatus or
distinct species according to the views of different entomologists.

One of the peculiarities of the group is the great difference that exists between the
males and females in their coloration. The males are much alike wherever they are
found, the females differ considerably. When the latter are studied it appears that
their variations are distinctly localized, so that they must be considered as distinct
species. ‘This course is further justified by the slight definite characters also shown in
the males. |
We at present know the following species :—P. torquatus, of which P. caudius is the
female, occurs in Guiana and the Lower Amazons valley; P. patros occupies the Upper
Amazons; P. polybius, the females of which have been called P. ¢ros and P. trojanus,
is the species of South-eastern Brazil; P. orchamus occupies Colombia and Venezuela ;
and in our country the present and following species occur. Another distinct form, of
which we have not as yet seen examples, is P. tasso of Staudinger, said to be from
Brazil. Of P. peleides of Esper, which probably belongs to the same group, we have
as yet no tidings. As compared with southern species the males of both those now
under consideration have the following character in common, but not shared by any of
the southern forms. The portion of the subapical spot of the primaries which lies on
the upper side of the upper radial nervure is that which approaches nearest to the

PAPILIO. 229

outer margin, whereas in the southern forms the reverse is the case, and the lower
portion of this spot is the most elongated. The female of P. tolus is a very distinct
insect, and recalls the female of P. erostratus in its colour rather than that of its allies.
The female of P. tolmides has not yet been discovered, but the males may be distin-
guished by the points indicated below. We have long had two male specimens of
P. tolus in our possession, but we have hesitated to describe them; but the recent
acquisition of a specimen of each sex makes the position of the species clear; they were
both taken by Mr. Richardson near Tampico.

60. Papilio tolmides, sp. n. (Tab. LXX. fig. 5 3.)

Preecedenti similis, sed fascia communi latiore, macula subapicali bifida parte infra venam radialem superiorem
multo majore, maculis costalibus vix ullis, interdum omnino absentibus: subtus maculis rubidis ultra

cellulam posticarum majoribus, cauda angustiore vix spatulata.
@ ignota.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba, Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé), Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

We have three male specimens of this form, all taken in the State of Panama by
Arcé, and Dr. Staudinger has one from the same district. The differences between this
and its allied species have been already pointed out under P. tolus.

61. Papilio erostratus. (Tab. LXIX. fig. 9, right harpe.)

Papilio erostratus, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. v. p. 36, t. 3. ff. 2, 2**; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 8’;
Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 365°.

Papilio rhetus, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 65, t. 11. £.54.

Alis viridi-nigricantibus; anticis ciliis inter venas albis; posticis lunulis septem submarginalibus (ea ad
angulum analem rubro atomata) et ciliis late inter venas ochraceo-albidis: subtus fuliginosis ; posticis
maculis discalibus serie duplici positis rubidis, interioribus late exterioribus anguste nigro marginatis,
ciliis ut in pagina superiore: capite et prothorace rubro punctatis.

_ Q alis brunnescentioribus; anticis ciliis sicut in mare; posticis maculis discalibus in serie duplici positis et
lunulis marginalibus rubidis lilacino lavatis, ciliis ipsis inter venas albidis: subtus magis fuliginosis ;
posticis maculis ut in pagina superiore sed minoribus et nigro marginatis: capite et prothorace sicut
in mare punctatis.

_ Hab. Britis Honpuras, R. Hondo (Blancaneaux); GUATEMALA‘, Cubilguitz, Panima,
Cubuleo (Champion), Chisoy valley, Duefias (Ff. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica ( Van
Patten *).

This is a very isolated species, with no near allies, restricted in its range to Central
America, where it is chiefly, but not exclusively, found in the mountainous districts up
to an altitude of about 5000 feet. The original description was based upon a male
from Central America, that of the female upon a Guatemalan specimen which was
named P. rhetus by Gray, its relationship to P. erostratus not then being suspected.

We have no positive evidence that they are male and female of one species, but the
fact that all the individuals belonging to the P. erostratus form are males, while those
of the P. rhetus form are females, and that the two are found in the same districts, and,

230 RHOPALOCERA.

moreover, that the spots of the head and thorax and the markings of the under surface
of the secondaries are similar, show conclusively that such must be the case.

The position of P. erostratus thus lies with P. torquatus and the group in which the
sexes differ widely in the coloration of their wings. |

I, P. PANDION group.
Papilio, Sect. xlv., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 23, 71.

The secondaries have no definite fold, and the inner margin, as in the two preceding
groups, is concave. The foliate appendage of the front tibia is attached nearer the
proximal than the distal end of that joint. The harpes are like those of P. erostratus,
having a rounded end, from the middle of which proceeds a central spine with some
dentate processes on either side (see Tab. LXX. fig. 11). The scaphium is like that
of P. evidaurus. The median nervure of the secondaries is generally but slightly
produced, and not at all in P. pandion. The sexes are similar in coloration.

Also a Neotropical group, the range of the most northern species coinciding with the
northern limit of that region. Southwards it extends to Southern Brazil.

62. Papilio pandion. (Tab. LXX. figg. 6,74; 11, right harpe.)

Papilio pandion, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 79’; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 365°.

Papilio ideus, Fabr. Ent: Syst. iii. p. 16°; Don. Ins. Ind. t.19. f.2?*; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M.
p. 63°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 365°. |

Papilio anchisiades, var. a, Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 63%.

Alis nigro-fuscis; anticis parte distali ultra cellulam vix pallidiore, nonnunquam squamis ad cellule finem
fascia transversa indistincta formante ; posticis plaga distali venis (et interdum plus minusve transversim
bisecta) tri- aut quadri-partita lilacenti-rubra, ciliis inter venas ad angulum analem late aliter angus-
tissime albis: subtus anticis ut supra, posticis plaga discali omnino transversim bisecta parte distali
rosaceo-albida, maculis alteris rubris nigro cinctis apud angulum apicalem.

% mari similis, sed major, alis magis fuliginosis macula cellule finem versus distincta et infra eam producta ;
posticis plaga discali majore et maculis alteris ad angulum apicalem notatis, ciliis inter venas (preter eas
ad angulum apicalem) rubris: subtus ut supra plaga anticarum majore; posticis maculis exterioribus plus
minusve rosaceo-albis, lunulis ciliaribus omnibus albidis.

Hab. Mexico ® (Sallé1), Jalapa (Hége), Cordova (Hoge, Riimeli), San Lorenzo near
Cordova (M. Trujillo), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Brrisn Honpuras, R. Hondo,
R. Sarstoon (Blancaneaux); Guatemaua, forests of Northern Vera Paz, Polochic
valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Chacoj, Panzos (Champion), Duefias (Pf. D.G. & 0. 8.),
Zapote, El Reposo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van
Patten? *); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui, David (Champion), Chiriqui and
Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).

It is a question whether the Mexican and Central-American form of this Papiiio is
referable to P. ideus of Fabricius as represented by Donovan in his ‘ Insects of India.’
The figure is a bad one, and shows a yellow band on the primaries not found in any

PAPILIO. 231
species that we are acquainted with belonging to this group. We are reluctant,
therefore, to supersede Felder’s name P. pandion, about which there can be no doubt,
by this old and ill-defined title, though both Gray and Messrs. Butler and Druce use
P. ideus in part for the insect now under consideration.

' Felder’s types appear to have been taken from somewhat abnormal specimens, as the
band of spots he speaks of as present on the primaries of the male is rather an unusual
character and more frequently wholly absent; his female, too, is one with spotless
primaries, whereas the spots on these wings are usually more or less well developed.
Compared with the allied species of South America, one point in connection with this
band of spots seems characteristic—its maximum development is about the end of the
cell, whereas in P. theramenes and P. anchisiades it appears about the middle of the first
median branch, and in P. evander as a transverse curved band crossing the wings.

P. pandion has a very extensive range in our country, and is found from the eastern
side of the mountains of Southern Mexico to Panama, its place being taken imme-
diately to the southward by P. theramenes; it is apprently absent from Western
Mexico, but it occurs in Western as well as Eastern Guatemala, and in the mountains
up to an elevation of about 5000 feet.

63. Papilio rogeri. (Tab. LXX. figg. 8, 9¢.)
Papilio rogeri, Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 278°.

-P. pandioni similis, sed minor; posticis magis dentatis, breviter caudatis, maculis tribus parvis rubris discalibus
tantum notatis: subtus anticis maculis quinque linea arcuata positis a cellule fine ad angulum analem ;
posticis maculis ultra cellulam in serie arcuata positis nigris, iis ad marginem internum introrsum rubris.

Hab. Mexico, Yucatan (mus. Roger), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); Britisu
Honpuras, Corosal (oe).

This species was first described by Boisduval from a Yucatan specimen in Mons.
Roger’s collection!, We have since received examples from Mr. Gaumer, also from
Yucatan, and a single female from Corosal.

Though we have compared it with P. pandion, it is perhaps more nearly related to
P. pharnaces, but may readily be distinguished by the clearly defined spotted band on
the primaries beneath, and by the single row of discal spots on both the upper and
undersides of the secondaries. In P. pharnaces and its allies a double row is always
present.

P. rogeri probably enjoys a very restricted range, limited to the promontory of
Yucatan and the country immediately adjoining to the southward.

64. Papilio pharnaces.
Papilio pharnaces, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 374+; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. p. 64,
t.5.f.17.

232 RHOPALOCERA.

P. rogeri similis, sed anticis ad apicem magis nigricantibus; posticis fascia discali duplici maculosa lilacino-
rubra: subtus anticis fere immaculatis squamis quibusdam albidis ad cellule finem ; posticis maculis
discalibus in serie duplici positis.

2 mari similis, maculis posticarum discalibus ad angulum apicalem extendentibus.

Hab. Mexico 1, Oaxaca (Fenochio), Putla (Rébouch).

P. pharnaces was described by Doubleday from a specimen in the collection of
Mr. Conrad Loddiges, said to have come from South Americat. Gray subsequently
described and figured it from a specimen in the British Museum, doubtfully referred
to Guatemala?. All the specimens we have met with are from the Mexican State of
Oaxaca, where we believe it is alone to be found. It is one of a small group, which is
probably purely Mexican. In size it equals P. rogerit of Yucatan, but differs in many
respects, as pointed out above. It is much larger than either of the following species,
each of which apparently has a distinct domicile.

65. Papilio phanostratus, sp. n.
P. pharnaci similis, sed multo minor, alis nigricantioribus, posticis elongatis maculis discalibus multo mino-
ribus, seriebus duabus magis approximatis.
© adhue ignota,

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Hége).

We have two specimens of this form of P. pharnaces, which were contained in Herr
Hoge’s collection made at Jalapa. Its small size and more elongated secondaries, which
have smaller discal spots and a more acute elongated tail, seem to separate it from the
allied form. It probably, too, has a distinct domicile confined to the eastern flank of
the mountains of the State of Vera Cruz.

66. Papilio polycharmus, sp.n. (Tab. LXX. fig. 10 ¢.)

Preecedenti similis et statura ejusdem, posticis multo magis elongatis, fasciis duabus maculosis magis separatis,
cauda longiore.

This species, which is also allied to P. pharnaces, is of the same small size as P. pha-
nostratus; but, besides the differences pointed out above, it appears to occupy a very
different country, which lies in the State of Sinaloa between the Sierra Madre and the
Pacific Ocean. We have a single male specimen taken near Mazatlan by Mr. A.
Forrer.

67. Papilio rhodostictus.
Papilio rhodostictus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 364°.

P. pandioni similis, sed anticis fere unicoloribus fascia cellulari a fine magis remota ; posticis magis rotundatis
et serratis caudam acutam ferente, macula discali lateritia haud lilacino lavata.
2 mari similis, sed plaga posticarum majore et ciliig inter venas ad angulum analem lateritiis.

PAPILIO. 233

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten), Cache (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).
—HEcuapor.

Though in general appearance this Papilio resembles P. pandion, its relationship
with that species is not very close. The shape of the hind wings, with their deeply
dentated margin and their prominent tail, at once separates the two forms; the band
on the primaries, too, is narrower and more definite in P. rhodostictus, and crosses the
cell some way from the end. The sexes are very much alike, resembling Gray’s figure
of P. orchamus of Boisduval, which is a species of the P. torquatus group, the male
of which is a very different insect. Dr. Staudinger has examples of P. rhodostictus
from Chiriqui. We only possess the Costa-Rican types, and a female obtained in the
same country by Rogers. ‘There is a male specimen from Ecuador in the Hewitson
collection.

J. P. ZAGREUS group.
Papiho, Sect. xlvi., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 24, 71.

The primaries in this section have a smooth costal margin, they are long and rather
narrow and rounded at the apex ; the secondaries have an indefinite fold, along the edge
of which is a pencil of long black hairs, another patch of yellow hairs spreads over
the base of the median nervure and its first branch. The foliate appendage of the
front tibia is attached rather nearer the proximal than the distal end of the joint. The
harpes of P. zalates are somewhat like those of P. thoas, but the terminal projection is
more central (see Tab. LX-XI. fig. 3). The sexes are similar.

Owing to the colour of the wings resembling those of some species of Lycorea, this
is a very peculiar group. Its range is limited, extending from the Upper Amazons
Valley and Venezuela to Ecuador and Colombia, one species being found in the State
of Panama.

68. Papilio zalates, sp.n. (Tab. LXXI. figg. 1, 2¢; 3, right harpe.)

Alis nigris ; anticis fasciis duabus maculosis, una submarginali maculis octo composita (iis ad apicem maximis)
ad angulum analem decrescentibus, altera discali maculis sex composita, una obliqua cellule finem versus,
altera supra venam medianam, reliquis inter eam et ramos suos; squamis quibusdam ad cellule basin
quoque ochraceis; posticis medialiter fulvo-aurantiis, area circa venam subcostalem ochracea, vena
mediana quoque ochraceo pilosa, venis ultra cellulam nigris, margine nigro maculis septem submargina-
libus ochraceis notato: subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed maculis omnibus majoribus, cellula prope venam
medianam fulvo-ochracea ; posticis vitta subcostali nigra, margine externo nigro sicut in pagina superiore
ochraceo notato, maculis alteris interioribus duplicibus glaucescentibus, area interna fulvo-aurantia :
corporis lateribus coloris ejusdem ; thorace nigro, aurantio striato ; prothorace et capite ochraceo punctatis ;
antennis ochraceis ad basin nigris.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé, Champion, Trétsch).
This species belongs to the group of Papilio of which P. zagreus is the oldest known

form, but its nearest ally is P. ascolius of Felder from Colombia, and so close is it to
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1890. 2H

234 RHOPALOCERA.

that species that we have long hesitated to separate it. It may be distinguished,
however, by the narrower black border to the secondaries, and by the almost entire
absence of the longitudinal ochraceous band which occupies the median portion of the
primaries. Mr. Champion’s specimens were taken in dense forest near Bugaba, at an
altitude of about 1000 feet. He says it is usually a high-flying insect, occasionally
descending to the ground, through the openings in the forest, from the tops of the trees.

The whole P. zagreus group of Papilio have a general resemblance, both in form and
colour, to common species of Lycorea, Melinea, Mechanitis, Heliconius, &c., found in
their respective localities. P. zalates has the coloration of Lycorea atergatis, &c., and
one of its peculiarities is the blackness of the base of the primaries, so prevalent in
representatives of many genera of butterflies in this particular region.

K. P. EUROTAS group.
Papilio, Sect. xlvii., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 24, 72.

The fold in the secondaries is indefinite in this group, the hairs along its edge being
less developed than in the preceding group. The margin of the secondaries is more
deeply dentate. The foliate appendage of the front legs is attached to the middle of
the joint. The harpes of P. phaeton are narrow, slightly curved rods, the upper and
lower edges subparallel ; the distal end is divided into branching points, with smaller
dentate processes (see Tab. LXXI. fig. 6). In P. birchalli the points are more widely
separated, each of them dentate; the proximal point issues from the upper edge of
the harpe, dividing it into two unequal portions, the proximal being three times as
long as the distal. In P. birchalli and its ally P. xanthopleura the costal margin of
the primaries is smooth, whereas in P. eurotas, P. phaeton, &c. it is distinctly serrate,
a character upon which Mr. Butler founded his genus Pyrrhosticta. The females in
some members of this group, and perhaps in all, are dimorphic and even polymorphic.

The species of this group are not very definite, several of them presenting a consi-
derable amount of variation.

The range of the group is restricted to the Tropical parts of South America, its
northern limit reaching Southern Mexico, where a single species occurs. In Costa
Rica and the adjoining portion of the State of Panama several others are found.

g. Costal margin of primaries serrate.

69. Papilio phaeton. (Tab. LX XI. fig. 6, right harpe.)
Papilio phaeton, Lucas, Voy. Cast. iii. p. 197, t. 1. f. 1°.
Papilio letitia, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 84°; Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 15, t. 10°.
Pyrrhosticta letitia, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 164, t. 58. f. 4°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 866°.

Alis fuliginoso-nigris ; anticis fascia per cellulam prope finem, altera undulata transversa ultra eam angulum
analem versus extensa, venis sex- aut septem-partita, striolis costalibus et maculis novem submarginalibus

PAPILIO. 235

ochraceis ; posticis lunulis submarginalibus (iis ad angulum analem interdum rubris) et fascia discali
venis septem-partita ochraceis, maculis quibusdam atomariis ultra hanc: subtus anticis fere ut supra,
maculis submarginalibus ad apicem evanescentibus ; posticis lunulis submarginalibus septem rubris nigro
limbatis, fascia discali fere ut supra extrorsum rubro notata et nigro limbata.

Q forma prima, fere omnino mari similis,

2 forma altera, fasciis alarum multo latioribus et ea in anticis diffusa.

2 forma tertia, maculis et fasciis omnibus viridescentibus, iis anticarum minoribus et magis separatis, iis posti-
carum magis elongatis et introrsum diffusis.

2 forma quarta, fascia discali posticarum subtus medialiter fere omnino rubra, squamis quibusdam ochraceis
tantum notatis.

2 forma quinta, precedenti similis, sed fascia discali anticarum fere obsoleta.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten?45), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui ® (Ridbe, Trétsch).—CoLomBIA.

It is not without some hesitation that we have come to the conclusion that P. letitia
and P. phaeton must be considered to belong to one species. The types of the former
are, as Mr. Butler states, without prominent tails to the secondaries, and the bands of
the wings are rather narrow; but when a series is examined we find both these
characters unstable, and we can substitute no others that can be depended upon.
Females of this species, or what we take to be such, are very perplexing, as they
present such a variety of colouring, especially on the upper surface, as indicated above.
Besides the forms there described, we have an imperfectly-developed specimen, evidently
a female, which partly combines the characters of the yellow and green banded types.

P. phaeton was described and figured by Lucas in Castelneau’s Voyage! from a
specimen submitted to him by Dr. Boisduval, said to have been obtained in the interior
of Brazil. It is now known as a species found commonly in Colombia, and we have
specimens both from the neighbourhood of Bogota and from the Cauca valley.

It is probably a denizen of the mountain forests. Mr. Champion found it as high as
from 4000 to 5000 feet on the Volcano of Chiriqui.

70. Papilio cephalus, sp. n. (Tab. LXXI. figg. 4,53.)

P. phaetonti similis, sed anticis fascia discali ultra cellulam haud extensa, maculis submarginalibus in serie
arcuata nec bisinuata positis: subtus margine nigro fascice discalis lunulis glaucescentibus notato, cauda
mediana valde elongata ; capite et prothorace supra immaculatis nec ochraceo obscure punctatis.

@ ignota.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (7rétsch, in mus. Staud.).

This species is founded upon a single male specimen in Dr. Staudinger’s collection.
It is closely allied to P. phaeton, but differs in the points indicated above, which, though
small in themselves, seem, when taken together, sufficient reason for separating it.

71. Papilio victorinus.
Papilio victorinus, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 418+; Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins, B. M. p, 35,

t. 6. £. 37,
2H 2

236 RHOPALOCERA.

Papilio helleri, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 91, t. 13. ff. c,d’.
Papilio amphissus, Hopff. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 27°.

Alis nigricantibus; anticis fascia submarginali maculosa, altera interiore ad cellule finem evanescente, ochra-
ceis ; posticis fasciis duabus maculosis ochraceis, una lunulata submarginali (lunulis ad angulum analem
interdum rubidis), altera discali, inter eas lunulis quibusdam atomosis viridi-ochraceis: subtus fuliginoso-
nigris, anticarum apice pallidiore; anticis fasciis maculosis ut supra, exteriore abbreviata, interiore ad
costam extensa, macula bifida ad cellule finem ochracea; posticis lunulis submarginalibus rubris nigro
limbatis, maculis quoque rubris fere rotundis in serie leviter arcuata ultra cellulam posita, macula ad
marginem internum partim ochracea, ciliis inter venas anguste ochraceis. .

@ forma prima, fere omnino mari similis.

Q forma altera, posticis fascia interna lata viridi-ochracea venis divisa, fasciis alteris exterioribus quoque
viridi tinctis.

Hab. Mexico 24, Jalapa (Hoge, Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes),

Oaxaca (Fenochio); Guaremaua, Polochic and Central valleys (7. D. G. & O. 8.);

Howpouras (mus. Staudinger); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt).

P. victorinus was described by Doubleday from a female specimen said to have come
from the west coast of America 1, whence it was brought by Sir Edward Belcher during
the voyage of H.M.S. ‘Sulphur.’ Unfortunately the exact locality where it was obtained
was not recorded ; but it was probably found between Nicaragua and Southern Mexico,
the limits which we now assign to the range of the species. The figure of the type
differs slightly from the females before us in that the intermediate row of spots on the
secondaries is absent; we do not attach much importance to this fact, as their arrange-
ment is very variable in females of this species.

A female from Honduras, sent us by Dr. Staudinger, differs from either of the forms
referred to in our description in that the inner and middle row of spots on the secon-
daries are fused into one large greenish patch cut by the end of the cell and the
nervures radiating therefrom. The spots, too, on the primaries near the anal angle are
nearly merged into a single elongated series, and beneath the spots in this region are
of a greenish rather than of an ochreous colour. In the absence of other evidence we
believe this female to be an extreme form of that sex of P. victorinus. |

In Mexico this species is not uncommon on the slopes of the mountains between
Jalapa and Cordova, and we have a single specimen from the State of Oaxaca. In
Guatemala we believe it is confined to the eastern side of the mountain-range, occurring
sparingly in the Polochic and adjoining valleys.

72. Papilio vulneratus.
Papilio vulneratus, But). Cist. Ent. i. p. 85°.
Pyrrhosticta vulnerata, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 165, t. 58. f. 3°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 366°.

P. victorino similis, sed anticis maculis fascie interioris ochracee majoribus, iis fascie submarginalis multo
minoribus ; posticis maculis interioribus majoribus et guttiformibus, maculis submarginalibus parvis
rotundis, lunulis medianis nullis: subtus anticis fascia interiore multo majore maculis suis omnibus
majoribus ; posticis macula ultima ad angulum analem omnino ochracea.

PAPILIO. 237

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten! 23),

The single mutilated specimen described by Mr. Butler is the only one we have seen
of this insect. It formed part of Van Patten’s great Costa-Rican collection so often
referred to in these pages!. The species is clearly allied to P. victorinus, but differs
in the points indicated above.

73. Papilio eurotas. (Tab. LXXI. fig. 7, right harpe.)

Papilio eurotas, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. vi. p. 66*; Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 857.

Alis nigricantibus; anticis fascia transversa perobliqua per medium cellule angulum analem versus extensa,
vena mediana et ramo suo secundo quadripartita, una parte cellulari indistincte tetragona, duabus elongatis
ramum medianum secundum utrinque, quarta supra eas parvula subtriangulari, maculis quoque octo
submarginalibus ochraceis ; posticis lunulis submarginalibus octo et seriebus duabus discalibus obsoletis
viridi-olivaceis: subtus fuliginoso-nigris; anticis maculis ut supra, sed submarginalibus ad apicem
absentibus; posticis lunulis submarginalibus rubris nigro marginatis et serie discali fere recta maculis
subrotundis bene separatis composita, ea ad angulum analem flava, reliquis flavidis extrorsum rubris et
nigro marginatis.

Q nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Trétsch, mus. Staud.).—Ecuapor ; Rio NEeRo 12.

This species is very closely allied to P. ditias of Godart, with which we identify a
specimen from South-east Brazil in our collection. From this it differs in having the
transverse band of the primaries wider, and its lower edge not parallel to the inner
margin. In the position and shape of this band P. ewrotas resembles P. leneus, but
that species is distinguished by having a transverse yellow band on the secondaries.
P. ctesias is still more nearly related to P. ditias, having a similar transverse band on
the primaries, but, according to Felder, it is a larger species with those wings
more elongated.

P. ewrotas was described by Felder from specimens from the Rio Negro, and we have
several specimens of it from Ecuador. Its presence in our country rests upon a single
male example from the Volcan de Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection.

h. Costal margin of primaries smooth.

74. Papilio birchalli. (Tab. LXXI. figg. 8,94; 10, right harpe.)
Papilio birchallii, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser, 3,1. p. 517°.

Alis nigricantibus ; anticis maculis submarginalibus octo viridi-ochraceis, lis ad apicem guttiformibus, ea ad
angulum analem duplici, maculis alteris indistinctis angulum analem versus interioribus; posticis plaga
magna a costa per cellule finem ad ramum medianum secundum pallide viridi-ochracea venis sexpartita,
ultra eam angulum analem versus viridi-squamosis, maculis septem submarginalibus viridi-ochraceis :
subtus nigricantibus ; anticis fascia quinquepartita ochracea, una parte sublunulata ultra mediam cellule,
altera infra venam medianam reliquis ad angulum analem, maculis quatuor alteris ad marginem internum ;
posticis lunulis submarginalibus rubris nigro-cinctis, fascia maculosa fere recta, macula ad costam et ea ad
angulum analem pallide flavis, reliquis rubidis subobsoletis.

Q mari similis, sed alis supra viridi-chalybeo nitentibus, plaga interna posticarum magis diffusa ; subtus macula
costali fasciee discalis rubra (nec ochracea), reliquis magis distinctis.

238 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, mus. Staud.), Bugaba (Champion).—Cotomata !;
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

We have Hewitson’s type of this species before us; this was formerly in the
collection of the late William Birchall, of Birkenhead, to whom it was sent from
Colombia by a brother who resided for some time in that country. We have another -
Colombian example obtained by Salmon in the Cauca valley. With these the Chiriqui
specimens agree very closely, differing only in the band of the secondaries being wider
and occupying rather more of the cell. Another male specimen in our collection was
sent by Mr. Reeve to his relative Mr. Druce; it was captured near the Rio Quarto in
the Province of Cordova in the Argentine Republic, and agrees accurately with the
Chiriqui examples, showing that this rare and little-known species has a very extensive
range.

P. birchalli has no very near ally, though its general resemblance to P. corebus may
at once be recognized. But the costa is smooth and not serrate as in that species, &
character considered generic by Mr: Butler. P. xanthopleura has also a smooth costa,
and is probably most nearly allied to P. birchalli; the differences, however, in colour
are very obvious, and the remarkable yellow patch on either side of the body of
P. xanthopleura at once distinguishes it from all other members of the genus, P. birchalli__
having no such character.

L. P. ASCLEPIUS group.
Papilio, Sect. xlviii., Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 25, 72.

Very similar to the preceding group, but the outer margin of the secondaries deeply
dentate, the median nervure being produced and slightly spatulate. The harpes are
also similar, but with the distal end more decidedly truncate, a strong spine issuing from
each corner (see Tab. LXXI. fig. 8). ‘The sexes are usually very similar in coloration,
but rare instances of dimorphism in the females are known.

The range of this group is confined to Southern Mexico and Central America from
Guatemala to Chiriqui.

75. Papilio asclepius. (Tab. LXXII. fig. 3, right harpe.)
Heraclides asclepius, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. iii. t. —.
Kuphoeades garamas, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. iii. t. —.
Papilio cineinnatus, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 346°.
Papilio abderus, Hopft. Neue Schmett. t. 1. ff. 1, 24.

Alis nigris ; anticis fascia mediana extrorsum dentata, maculisque quinque subapicalibus flavis; posticis fascia
mediana per cellule finem, extrorsum bene serrata et ciliis inter venas flavis, maculis indistinctis squamis
paucis cewruleis compositis inter fasciam et marginem externum: subtus, anticis ut supra ad apicem magis
fuliginosis, maculis subapicalibus fere confluentibus et ad angulum analem in serie submarginali exten-

dentibus ; posticis fascia mediana pallidiore, lunulis septem nigris introrsum fulvo, extrorsum glauco, extus

PAPILIO. 239

marginata, lunulis submarginalibus introrsum tenuissime flavo marginatis fulvis, inter eas et lunulis
internis squamis sparsis ochraceis notatis, cauda omnino nigra.

Q mari similis, sed major, posticis lunulis submarginalibus flavis notatis : subtus lunulis internis nigris major-
ibus et extrorsum glauco latiore marginatis.

2 altera, fasciis integris alarum flavis nullis, posticis lunulis fulvis maculis glaucis utrinque notatis.

~ Hab. Mexico !? (Deppe?+), Jalapa (F. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes, Sallé), Oaxaca
(Fenochio).

This fine species was first figured by Hiibner, in the third, incomplete, volume of his
‘Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge,’ from Mexican specimens—one which he calls
Heraclides asclepius, male, the other, a female, Euphoeades garamas, both in reality
representing females, the latter a dimorphic female of the former. The male was first
made known by Hopffer, who described it under the name of P. abderus, from Mexican
specimens obtained by Deppe, which are now in the Berlin Museum. For some time
we were under the impression that P. abderus and P. asclepius were distinct species,
and that P. electryon of Bates was referable to the former; but with our present series
we are convinced that P. abderus and P. asclepius are male and female of the same
species, which has a purely Mexican domicile, P. electryon being slightly different and
inhabiting a different country.

P. asclepius is probably restricted to the forest-regions of Southern Mexico. We
have no positive evidence that it occurs on the mountain-slope of the western range.

76. Papilio electryon. (Tab. LXXII. figg. 1, 2¢.)
Papilio electryon, Bates, Ent. Monthly Mag. i. p. 3’.

P. asclepio similis, fascia mediana per cellulam attenuata costam haud attingente, fascia posticarum extrorsum
minus profunde serrata; posticis subtus lunulis internis nigris introrsum vix fulvo marginatis, lunulis
submarginalibus fulvis saturatioribus haud flavo limbatis.

Hab. Guatemata, Central valleys}, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Purula
(Champion).

During our visit to Guatemala in 1861-62 we obtained a single male specimen of
this species, which served as the type of Mr. Bates’s description!. A few others were
subsequently sent us from the valley of the Polochic, and Mr. Champion captured two
males in the upland forest-region near Purula. Unfortunately the female is unknown
to us at present, and we are therefore unable to say whether it possesses submarginal
yellow lunules to the secondaries, as in P. asclepius, or is without them, as in P. syedra.

The differences between P. electryon and the male of P. asclepius are slight, but, so
far as we can see, quite constant,

77. Papilio syedra. (Tab. LX XII. figg. 49,59.)
Papilio syedra, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 271°.

240 RHOPALOCERA.

P. asclepio quoque affinis ; subtus lunulis internis nigris introrsum late saturate ferrugineis, extrorsum quoque
late ceruleis ; lunulis submarginalibus omnino saturatioribus.
@ mari similis, supra posticis lunulis submarginalibus nullis.
Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (Rogers) ; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Areé!, Champion,
Ribbe }).

At first sight P. syedra closely resembles P. asclepius, the band crossing the cell
retaining a nearly uniform width to the costa, instead of becoming narrow as in
P. electryon. The black lunules across the secondaries beneath have on the inside
wide dark maroon edges, and the bluish scales beyond them are more numerous and
more diffused than in either of the allied species. The female has no submarginal
yellow lunules, and thus differs from that sex of P. asclepius at first sight. |

Its range is probably restricted to the mountainous portions of Costa Rica and
Chiriqui. Mr. Champion’s specimens were taken at an elevation of about 3000 feet
above the level of the sea.

M. P. DAUNUS group.
Papilio, Sect. xlix. Subsect. A, B, & Sect. li. Subsect. D, E, Feld. Sp. Lep. pp. 25, 26, 27, 73, 75.

There is no definite fold near the inner margin of the secondaries in this group, and
the edge is not so decidedly hairy as in the preceding groups. The inner margin, too,
is concave. The foliate appendage to the front tibia is attached nearer the proximal
than the distal end of that joint. In P. dawnus the harpes are subtriangular, the lower
edge is produced into a long sharp spine, and the outer edge is irregularly serrate
(see Tab. LX-XII. fig. 9). In P. pilumnus the spine is not so long, but the serration
is deeper near the angle from which the spine proceeds (see Tab. LX XII. fig. 10).
P. americus exactly resembles P. machaon in the shape of its harpes; they are of a
. linear form, the distal half of the upper edge being distinctly serrate (see Tab. LXXII.
fig. 8). The external parts of the female are more highly chitinized and of more
singular form than in any other group of American Papzlio we have examined.

This group alone of those found within our region is of decidedly northern affinities,
and it also has, in P. machaon and its allies, connections in the Old World.

78. Papilio daunus. (Tab. LXXII. fig. 9, right harpe.)
Papilio daunus, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. p. 8342’; Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vi. p. 124°; Strecker, Lep.
Rhop. & Het. p. 45, t. 6. ff. 1, 2°; W. H. Edwards, Butt. of N. Am. ii., Papilio, t. 2‘.

Alis ochraceis ; anticis fasciis transversis quatuor nigris, prima a costa ad marginem internum extensa, secunda
per cellulam et ultra eam indistincte ducta, tertia ad cellule finem, quarta ultra eam valde irregulari,
margine externo late nigro, fascia submarginali venis divisa ab apice decrescente ochracea, linea atomaria
interiore indistincta quoque ochracea ; posticis linea transversa per cellulam et margine interno ad angulum
analem conjunctis, nigris, margine externo late nigro maculas cerulescentes includente, lunulis submar-
ginalibus ochraceis, iis ad angulum analem ferrugineis: subtus ut supra sed pallidioribus, linea submar-
ginali et linea atomaria multo magis distinctis; posticis lineola ad cellule finem, vena mediana et ramo
suo secundo apud cellulam nigris, margine externo nigro ad marginem internum fulvo introrsum limbato,

PAPILIO. 24]

maculis ceruleis luniformibus et extra eas squamis paucis ochraceis, lunulis submarginalibus latioribus,
posticis elongatis, profunde dentatis, vena mediana valde elongata, caudata, incurvata, ramis suis quoque
elongatis, primo excurvato.

mari similis, posticis magis profunde dentatis et caudatis.

Hab. North-western America from Oregon and Montana southward to Arizona and
New Mexico.—MeExico 4, near Durango city (Becker), Jalapa (F. D. G., Hoge), Cordova
(Riimeli), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio) ;
GuaTEMALA, Duefias, Los Altos (. D. G. & O. S.).

_ This fine species was described by Boisduval from specimens sent from Mexico, where it
is not uncommon in the upland parts of that country, as far south as the State of Oaxaca.
It occurs also in the highlands of Guatemala between 5000 and 8000 or 9000 feet
above the sea, frequenting open grassy tracts. Its northward extension reaches to
Oregon ; but northern specimens are, as a rule, smaller than Mexican, and of a lighter
yellow colour; their markings, however, appear to be essentially of a similar character,
and the outer margin is deeply dentate.

79. Papilio pilumnus. (Tab. LXXII. fig. 10, right harpe.)
Papilio pilumnus, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i. p. 340’; Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vi. p. 127°; Mén. Cat.
Mus. Petr., Lep. 11. p. 110, t. 7. f. 2°; Strecker, Lep. Rhop. et Het. p. 13, t. 2. £. 3%.

Preecedenti similis, sed fasciis alarum omnibus latioribus; anticis fasciis transversis tribus nec quatuor ; posticis
margine externo nigro ad angulum analem valde sinuato et ferrugineo limbato: suttus fascia transversa
communi introrsum fuliginosa; posticis margine externo nigro introrsum profunde sinuoso, lunulis suis
nigerrimis irregulariter sitis, lunulis submarginalibus ochraceis ferrugineo tinctis.

Hab. Nortu America, Colorado and New Mexico 4.—Mexico !3, Vera Cruz+4, Rincon,

Xucumanatlan (H. H. Smith); Guarmmana, Polochic valley, Duefias, mountains near

Coban (Ff. D. G. & O.S.).

This species also was first described from Mexican specimens!, and it has a very
similar range in our country. It is found at a rather lower elevation, as it occurs
between Acapulco and the Sierra Madre del Sur, at a height of about 3000 feet, and is
also found in the same range up to 7000 feet above the sea. In Guatemala it also
occurs at very varied altitudes. In North America it occupies more restricted area
than P. daunus, as there are no records of it northward of Colorado. Like P. daunus,

it frequents open grassy plains.

80. Papilio alexiares. (Tab. LXXII. figg. 6, 7 ¢.)
Papilio alexiares, Hopff. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 31°.

P. dauno similis, sed P. twrno forsan proximus, fasciis anticarum quatuor latis secunda et tertia distinctis, mar-
gine externo nigro latiore, fascia maculosa submarginali vix ulla; posticis margine externo leviter sinuato,
cauda sicut in P. turno, lunulis submarginalibus obsoletis.

Hab. Mexico (in Berlin Mus.+), Cuesta de Misantla (1. Trujillo).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., March 1893.

bo
ef

QA42 RHOPALOCERA.

A single male specimen obtained by Trujillo on the Cuesta of Misantla, below Jalapa,
we believe to be referable to this species, described by Hopffer from a Mexican
specimen in the Berlin Museum!. It belongs to the same section as P. dawnus and
P. pilumnus, but is more nearly related to the more northern P. turnus and P. rutulus
than to either of the two Mexican species. On the whole we think it is closest to
P. turnus; the outer border of both wings is considerably broader than in any of its
allies, and the submarginal band of the primaries and the lunules of the secondaries
being nearly obsolete, are other points of distinction. The arrangement of the sub-
marginal markings of the secondaries agrees best with P. turnus, but the inner yellow
submarginal band is much wider than in that species.

81. Papilio polyxenes.

Papilio polyxenes, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 444°; Scudder, Butt. E. United States &c. ii. p. 1853’;
Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 18, t. 12°.

Papilio ajax, Clerck (nec Linn.), Icones, t. 38. f. 3°.

Papilio troilus, Drury (nec Linn.), Ill. Nat. Hist. i. p. 21, t. 11. ff. 2,3,5°; Smith, Abb. Lep. Ins.
Georg. 1. p. 1, t. 1°.

Papilio asterias, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 385", ff. C, D; Boisd. Sp. Gén. p. 332°; Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr.
p. 4°,

Papilio asterioides, Reak. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 831°°; Strecker, Lep. Rhop. et Het.
p. 47, t.6. £4".

Alis nigrescenti-brunneis ; anticis fasciis duabus maculosis submarginalibus, maculis exterioribus rotundis
interioribus subtriangularibus ochraceis, macula altera subcostali, squamis quibusdam ad cellule finem,
coloris ejusdem ; posticis fascia transversa mediana venis divisa, lunulis submarginalibus et ciliis inter
venas ochraceis, maculis quoque discalibus ceruleis, ea ad angulum analem lunulata, supra macula nigro

pupillata introrsum rubida extrorsum ochracea: subtus ut supra sed magis fuliginosis, maculis anticarum
interioribus et omnibus posticarum (preter duas ad angulum analem) fulvis, prothorace et abdomine fulvo

maculatis.
© mari similis, maculis interioribus minoribus*aut evanescentibus, maculis posticarum discalibus ceeruleis
majoribus. *

Hab. NortaH America!, United States ® generally }!.—Mexico 89, Ciudad Victoria
(Richardson), Jalapa (Hége), Coatepec (Brooks), Cordova (Riimeli, Hoge), Atoyac (H. H.
Smith), Puebla and Amecameca (f. D. G. & H. J. Elwes), Oaxaca (Fenochio); Brrtise
Honpuras, Rio Hondo (Blancaneaux); GuatEMAua, Polochic valley, Central valleys
(fF. D. G. & O. S.), Chiacam, Cahabon, Tamahu, Panima, Purula, San Gerdénimo
(Champion), Duefias (Champion, F. D. G. & O. 8.) ; Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Costa
Rica (fide Strecker).—San Domineo ; Cusa.

In our country this is obviously a very variable species, and so far as we can see it
is not possible to separate North-American specimens from those of Mexico and Central
America. The chief point of variation is in the inner band of yellow spots which
crosses both wings ; in some examples these are very distinct, in others they are much
reduced in size, and in others again they entirely disappear. As a rule they are smaller

PAPILIO. . 243.

in the female than in the male; but we have males before us in which they can
scarcely be traced. Reakirt described a Mexican example under the name of Papilio
astertoides 1°, and Mr. Strecker has figured a specimen under this name!!, The latter
we believe to be strictly referable to P. polyxenes ; but we are a little doubtful whether
Reakirt’s insect belongs to the same species.

As will be seen from the above list of localities, P. polyxenes is abundant through-
out Mexico and Guatemala, chiefly on the higher grounds. Mr. Strecker says that he
has received it from Costa Rica, but our collectors have only sent us P. americus from
that country.

A full account of the transformations and life-history of this insect will be found in
Mr. Scudder’s work?. The larvee feed on Umbelliferee of many kinds.

82. Papilio americus. (Tab. LXXII. fig. 8, right harpe.)
Papilio americus, Koll. Wien. Denkschr. i. p. 354 (1850)*; Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 18, t. 12”.
Papilio sadalus, Luc. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 133, t. 10. f. 4°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 865 *.
P. polywxeni affinis, sed fascia alarum communi interna multo latiore, in posticis dimidio cellule distali occupante
distinguendus.
Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten*), San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion).—CoLompBia ; VENEZUELA !, Ecvapor 3.

This species takes the place of P. polyxenes in Costa Rica and all countries lying to
the south of it as far as Venezuela on the one hand and Ecuador on the other. It
may readily be distinguished from its ally by the much broader common ochraceous
band, especially on the secondaries. It does not appear to be subject to the same
variation as P. polyxenes, and we have not any dark forms, such as are seen in the
allied species.

It was first described by Kollar from specimens obtained by Sulkowsky, near Angos-
tura, on the Orinoco !, and subsequently by Lucas under the name of P. sadalus, from
examples taken by Bourcier in the environs of Quito in Ecuador %. It is commonly
met with in collections from Colombia.

Note.

Heraclides andremon, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. tt. 98, 99.
Papilio andremon, Lucas, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, vii. p. 203; Gray, Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus.
p. 24; Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr., Suppl. p. 68; Feld. Sp. Lep. p. 21.

This well-known Cuban Papilio is said by Gray, Ménétriés, and Felder to occur in
Honduras and Mexico, but we are unable to confirm these statements ; its admission,
therefore, into our fauna must remain in abeyance.

212

244 RHOPALOCERA.

Fam. HESPERIIDZ.

In our treatment of this Family, so largely represented in Mexico and Central
America, we have followed in the main the classification recently proposed by
Mr. E. Y. Watson in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Zoological Society, which is an exempli-
fication of that of Mr. Scudder. Mr. Watson’s system, being based solely upon the
specimens in the British Museum, is not complete, but it covers a great deal of ground,
far more indeed than any other classification previously elaborated. The alterations and.
additions now made arise from the necessity of grafting upon Mr. Watson's scheme
the names of many fresh species represented in our collection and not included in the
British Museum series. We have also been able to add a number of others from
Dr. Staudinger’s collection, as well as from that of Mr. W. Schaus. Dr. Staudinger’s
kindness in lending us his series has been invaluable, as amongst them are many types
of Herrich-Schiiffer and Mons. P. Mabille, the sight of which has enabled us to
determine a large number of species with accuracy. Free access to the British Museum
has further enabled us to compare our specimens with the types of Hewitson and
others, so that on the whole we have been able to see a very large number of original
specimens, and the accuracy of our determinations cannot fail to have been greatly
enhanced by this means, We much wished to have had an opportunity of consulting
Plétz’s drawings of Hesperiide, but have failed in our endeavours of so doing. This
omission has been partially remedied by drawings made from such of Plotz’s types as
are in the Berlin Museum; and a number of specimens of Hesperiide given us by
Herr Semper, and named in many instances from Plétz’s drawings themselves.

Mr. Watson divides the Family into three subfamilies as follows :—

PyRRHOPYGINZ.—A well-marked group of closely allied genera confined entirely to the
New World and readily recognized by the large blunt club to the antenne, a
constant character. The cell of the primaries is also invariably very long, being
more than two-thirds the length of the costa. The lower discocellular is shorter
than the middle discocellular, so that the origin of the lower radial is nearer the
median than the subcostal. The wings, when the insect is at rest, extend in one
plane.

HESPERIUN#.—A group including all species having a costal fold in the male, all in
which the lower discocellular is longer than the middle, and all (with few excep-
tions) which rest with the wings in one plane. In some long-celled genera the
lower discocellular is shorter than the middle. The antenne almost without
exception end in a fine point; when otherwise, the cell is short.

PAMPHILIN@/.—A group including all species with a discal band or stigma on the
primaries of the male, and all species in which the lower discocellular is shorter

PYRRHOPYGINA. 245

than the middle. The species of this group rest with their wings raised over their
backs, but the secondaries are sometimes depressed. The cell of the primaries is
almost invariably less than two-thirds the length of the costa, and the antenne
almost always end in a point.

As in the foregoing Families we have examined the male secondary sexual organs and
find an almost endless variety of structures. We have not ventured to use these characters
in building up any system of classification, as we consider the time is hardly come for
their adoption for sucha purpose. But we have found them invaluable in deciding points
of specific distinction where the external characters are not clearly defined. In some
cases a slight external feature distinguishes two forms, which is sometimes greatly
strengthened by a marked divergence in the male genitalia, and sometimes no difference
can be traced in these organs. In the former case a specific difference between two
similar forms can safely be conceded, while in the latter the opposite course should be
followed. Our drawings of these organs have been made somewhat diagrammatic,
especially as regards the upper member or tegumen, but care has been taken to re-
present all the various points and lobes in their relative positions, as well as the outline
and serration of the edges of the harpagones or harpes.

The Hesperiide are cosmopolitan in their range, and even many American genera
extend into the Old World; but we do not propose to enter here upon any discussion
concerning the details of their distribution, a subject which will be examined

elsewhere.

Subfam. PYRRHOPYGINA.

Pyrrhopygini, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge, xxi. pp. 12 et seq. (1878).
Pyrrhopygine, Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 10.

This subfamily contains the whole of the species belonging to the old genus
Pyrrhopyge in its undivided state, Orynetra and Myscelus, and includes upwards of
100 species, all of which belong to the Neotropical fauna. The most prominent
characteristic of the subfamily as a whole is the structure of the antenne, which have
stout shafts and a long, thick, blunt club, more or less bent into a hook. This club
never terminates in an acute point as is the case in nearly all other Hesperiidae. The
palpi are densely hairy, except the third joint, which is short, erect, and naked, the
point just appearing beyond the hairs of the second joint. The cell of the primaries is
long and always more than two-thirds the length of the costa. There is no costal fold
or any outward sexual brand on the wings or body. The lower discocellular is always
shorter than the middle. The radial of the hind wing is generally but not always |
absent. The hind tibie have terminal and subterminal pairs of spurs, the latter usually
feeble, and even absent in Ardaris. The thorax and body are very stout and strong,

246 RHOPALOCERA.

these insects being of very powerful and rapid flight. When at rest the wings are
extended horizontally.

Mr. Watson divides the subfamily into twelve genera, and this division might be
carried further. Of the genera now established eight occur within our limits; the
remaining four, which are unrepresented, are Mahotis, Ardaris, Mimoniades, and
Microceris,—Mimoniades being the only one of any extent as regards the number of its
component species.

PYRRHOPYGE.

Pyrrhopyge, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 102 (1816) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 11.
Pyrrhopyga, Westwood, in Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 508; Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879,
p. 520 (partim).

This genus, as restricted by Mr. Watson, is represented in Mexico and Central
America by twelve species belonging to most of the leading forms, including the more
typical, such as P. phidias, as well as some of the more aberrant, as P. esculapius,
P. jonas, and P. erythrosticta.

-Pyrrhopyge belongs to the section of the subfamily in which the middle and lower
discocellulars of the primaries are very obliquely placed with reference to the axis of
the wing, and in this respect it differs from Oxynetra. The club of the antenne is much |
thickened, the shaft also being stout. The secondaries have no radial nervure, the
second median segment of the primaries is about half as long again as the third
segment, and the lower discocellular of the secondaries meets the median beyond the
origin of the second median branch ; the upper discocellular of the primaries is very
short, and meets the subcostal at the origin of the fourth branch; the second sub-
costal segment is longer than the third, and the third than the fourth. The hind -
tibiee have a distinct fringe or mane of hairs springing from the dorsal edge. This last

character at once separates Pyrrhopyge from Mysoria, though not peculiar to Pyrrhopyge
alone.

1. P. nypeERict section. (Typical.)

1, Pyrrhopyge phidias, (Tab. LXXIII. fig. 4.)
Papilio phidias, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 3347; id. Syst. Nat. i. p. 795° ; Clerck, Ic. Ins. t. 44, £..1°.
Pyrrhopyga phidias, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 533 *.

Alis chalybeo-nigris, ciliis albis, capite, palpis et abdominis apice coccineis: subtus posticis linea transversa
basin versus plus minusve venis divisa alba, anticis immaculatis.

? mari similis.
Hab. Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé, Trétsch),

Calobre, Santiago de Veraguas (Arcé)—South America, from Colombia to South
Brazil.

Our Central American examples of this species agree with Clerck’s figure 3 in having

PYRRHOPYGE. 247

@ narrow white transverse band near the base of the secondaries, the primaries being
black throughout. In the allied forms, P. fuminis, Butl., and P. latifascia, Butl., this
band spreads to the base of the primaries and is usually much wider. The character
is, however, decidedly variable, and it is even doubtful if there is really more than one
species of this form.

P. phidias seems to be common in the State of Panama, but we have no evidence of
its occurrence in any other part of Central America. On the southern continent its
range is very extensive.

The male genitalia have a great general resemblance to those of P. hyperici, the type
of the genus Pyrrhopyge. The anterior portion of the harpes is not so produced,
and the bristles near the angle of the ventral edge are not so strong. (See Tab.
LXXITI. fig. 4.)

2. Pyrrhopyge zenodorus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXIII. figg. 1, 2, 3¢.)
? Pyrrhopyga thasus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 367 (nec Cramer) *.
Alis chalybeo-nigris, ciliis anguste albis, capite et abdominis apice aurantio-coccineis, prothorace antico et
palpis concoloribus: subtus ut supra, coxis anterioribus chalybeo-nigris.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec and Rinconada (Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H.
Smith); Guatemata, Cubilguitz, Cahabon (Champion), Polochic Valley (0. 8. & F..D.G.);
Costa Rica (Van Patten!).—E. Perv.

This orange-red-headed species, with its dark wing-coverts, seems most nearly allied
to P. charybdis, Westw., both species having dark and not red coxe to the anterior
legs, P. zeleucus (Fabr.) is also allied, but the coxe in that species are red *.

From P. charybdis, P. zenodorus can readily be distinguished by the more orange
tint of the head and the extremity of the abdomen. Its range is general through the
eastern portions of our country, from the middle of the State of Vera Cruz to Costa
Ricaf. It appears again in Eastern Peru, but we have not yet met with it in any
collection from the intervening countries. In Mexico and Eastern Guatemala it occurs
in the hotter regions, but ascends the mountains to an elevation of 4000 feet near
Coatepec. We never found it in the lowlands of Guatemala bordering the Pacific Ocean.

The genitalia of the male of P. zenodorus resemble those of P. phidias, the two

* We follow M. Mabille in applying Fabricius’s name to this species, and Mr. Watson does the same.
Plétz, however, as well as Hopffer transpose the names zeleucus and charybddis, ascribing black anterior cox
to the former and red ones to the latter. The type of P. charybdis, now in the ritish Museum, proves that
they are certainly wrong in the latter case.

t+ The only Pyrrhopyge of this form represented.in Van Patten’s collection belongs to this species; we
therefore infer that it was misnamed P. thasus! in Messrs. Butler and Druce’s List. P. thasus, Cr., is a very
distinct species, and even, as now appears, belongs to a distinct genus, Mysoria.

248 RHOPALOCERA.

diverging projections from the middle of the dorsal edge of the harpes being less
developed. (See Tab. LX XIII. fig. 3.)

3. Pyrrhopyge gellias, sp. ».

Alis supra saturate olivaceo-nigris ad basin saturatioribus, ciliis albis; posticis margine externo ad ramum
medianum primum sensim dentato, fascia submarginali nitida olivacea venis nigris divisa: subtus fere
unicoloribus obscure olivaceo-nigris, anticis ad basin posticis medialiter pilis nigris vestitis ; capite, palpis,
coxis anterioribus et abdominis apice fulvescenti-rufis.

Hab. Costa Rica (mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has lent usa single specimen of this species, apparently a male,
which differs sufficiently from P. gazera, Hew., its nearest ally, to justify its separation,
The secondaries are much more lengthened than in P. gazera, and bear a distinct pro-
jection at the end of the first median branch, the submarginal bright band is hardly so
distinct and less broken by the dark nervules, the colour generally is of a more olive
tint, and the head and tip of the abdomen are tawny red instead of crimson. Not
possessing specimens of P. gazera or of this species for dissection, their position in the
genus must at present remain uncertain.

9. P. wapassa, Hew., section. Fringe of both wings reddish orange.

4, Pyrrhopyge hemon, sp. n.

Alis brunneo-nigricantibus ; anticis ciliis, posticis margine externo (introrsum profunde sinuato) cum ciltis rufo-
aurantiis: subtus ut supra, posticis ad basin immaculatis ; capite, palpis et abdominis apice coccineis, coxis
anterioribus nigris.

¢& adhuc ignotus.

Hab. Costa Rica (mus. Staudinger).

This species comes close to P. phylleia, Hew., of Bolivia, but differs in having a
rather wide rufous-orange margin to the secondaries instead of a narrow one as in the
allied form. Like P. phylleia it has a red head and black coxe to the anterior legs,
in the former character differing from P. hadassa and its allies. -

The specimen we describe is a female and belongs to Dr. Staudinger, who kindly
lent it to us for examination and description. It is the only example of this section of
Pyrrhopyge we have seen from Central America. | |

8. P. scyiua section. Male genitalia widely aberrant.

5. Pyrrhopyge menecrates.

Pyrrhopyga menecrates, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge, xxi. p. 18 (1878) *.
Pyrrhopyge menecrates, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 11’.

Alis chalybeo-nigris, albo ciliatis ; capite, palpis, prothorace et abdominis apice coccineis: subtus fere ut supra,
coxis anterioribus chalybeo-nigris.

PYRRHOPYGE. 249

Hab. Honpuras (Dyson, in Mus. Brit.2)—Cotompia; VENEZUELA; Psrv} and
S. BRAzIL.

Though very similar to P. zenodorus in outward appearance, and to be distinguished
chiefly by the deeper red colour of the head and apex of the abdomen, this species is
really very distinct, and in the structure of the male genitalia closely resembles P. scylla,
described below, which, again, has external characters of its own.

P. menecrates was described by M. Mabille from a specimen in the Brussels Museum
from Peru. We have a series of examples chiefly collected by Mr. H. H. Smith at
Chapada in South Brazil, and there is one in the British Museum obtained by Dyson in
Honduras. ‘The latter is our sole authority for including the species within our fauna.

6. Pyrrhopyge scylla, (Tab. LXXIII. figg. 5,66.)
Pyrrhopyga scylla, Ménétr. Cat. Mus. Petr., Lep. i. p. 95, t. 4. £. 71.
Pyrrhopyge scylla, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 11°.

Pyrrhopyga dulcinea, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 582°.

Alis chalybeo-nigris, ciliis albis; prothorace supra, linea utrinque per tegule medium, abdominis apice et
palpis extrorsum coccineis, capite inter oculos nigro albo punctato ; thorace supra striis duabus indistinctis
longitudinalibus glaucis notato.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Schaus), Teapa (H. H. Smith); GuatTeMALA, Polochic and
Motagua Valleys (f. D. G. & O. S.), Cahabon, San Gerdnimo, Paraiso (Champion) ;
Honpouras (Dyson) ; Nicaragua (Ménétriés1), Chontales (Belt); Panama (fide Plutz 3),
Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).— CoLoMBIA; VENEZUELA.

In general appearance this species is very like P. zenodorus and P. zeleucus, but may
at once be distinguished by the colour of the head between the eyes, which, instead of
being red, is black spotted with white. There are two indistinct glaucous lines down
the thorax and a narrow rufous line on the middle of each tegula: these characters are
well shown in Ménétriés’s figure, but the latter is a variable feature and frequently
absent without reference to locality. The male genitalia of both forms are precisely
alike.

The range of this species within our region is very similar to that of P. zenodorus,
but it hardly goes so far north; and in Guatemala it occurs in the forest-region
bordering the Pacific Ocean. In the southern continent it is not widely diffused, and
at present we have not traced it beyond Colombia and Venezuela.

In the structure of the male secondary organs (Tab. LX XIII. fig. 6) P. scylla departs
widely from more typical species of Pyrrhopyge. ‘The harpagones are much produced
and end in a long serrated decurved rod, there are no prominent lobes attached to the
middle of the dorsal edge, and the tegumen is simpler, with a single central point and
two abbreviated serrate lobes, one on either side of its base. We have only met with a

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I1., March 1893. ox

250 RHOPALOCERA.

similar structure in P. menecrates, and it proves that the two species are well
defined and isolated.

4, P. sonas section. Apex of the abdomen fulvous.

7. Pyrrphopyge jonas. (Tab. LXXIII. figg. 729,84.)

Pyrrhopyga jonas, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. iii. p.328* (1859) ; Hopff. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1874, p. 3717;
Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 534°.

Pyrrhopyga cydonia, Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 289 (1874) *.

Alis cyaneo-nigris unicoloribus, ciliis albis; posticis margine externo sensim denticulato ; capite nigro, fronte
fulvo intermixto: subtus ut supra, palpis, genis et abdominis apice fulvis.

Hab. Mexico12, Cordova (Hége), Oaxaca (Fenochio*); Guatemata, San Geronimo
(Champion).

Felder’s description ! as well as that of Hopffer? were both based upon specimens
from Mexico said to be females. Mr. Druce’s type of P. cydonia, which we now figure,
is probably of the same sex, the outer margin of the secondaries being much rounded
and slightly dentate.

This species is only known to us from a single example from each of the localities
mentioned above, all of which lie upon the eastern side of the mountains of Central
America, at an elevation of about 3000 feet.

Mr. Champion’s specimen is a male, and resembles Mr. Druce’s type. The geni-
talia differ considerably from those of more typical Pyrrhopyge, as the figure shows
(Tab. LX XIII. fig. 8). We have not yet met with a similar structure in any other
member of the genus.

5. P. cuatyBea section, Wings edged with fulvous, apex like the rest of
the abdomen, not red or orange.

8. Pyrrhopyge chalybea. (Tab. LX XIII. fig. 12.)

Pyrrhopyga zereda, Hew. Ex. Butt., Pyrrhopyga, t. 2 (bis). f. 13° (nec Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, ii.
p- 484).

Pyrrhopyga chalybea, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. iv. p. 67 (1872) *.

Alis eneo-viridibus; posticis chalybeis, omnibus fulvo limbatis, anticis anguste posticis latioribus: subtus ut
supra, femoribus omnibus antice fulvis.

Hab. Muxico!, Ventanas, Mazatlan (Forrer), Guadalajara (Schumann), Putla(Rébouch).

Hewitson’s original description of P. zereda was based upon an example said to have
come from Ecuador, but he afterwards figured a Mexican specimen !, mentioning at the
same time that it was represented by specimens in Saunders’s collection: these latter
are now in our possession. On an examination of the Hewitson collection we find
that the name P. zereda was applied to a species allied to P. hygieia, Feld., which we

PYRRHOPYGE. 251

subsequently described as P. rufipectus (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 152). Why Hewitson
shifted his name to the Mexican insect is not apparent. The latter must now bear
Mr. Scudder’s title *

P. chalybea is strictly confined to Western Mexico. Mr. Forrer secured specimens
near Mazatlan, and at Ventanas in the mountains lying between that city and Durango,
and Mr. Schumann captured a number of individuals near Guadalajara in the month
of July.

The harpagones are not quite symmetrical in this species, the left side having a
thickened dorsal edge besides the central projecting lobe. The cdeagus is of very
peculiar form. (See Tab. LX XIIL. fig. 12.)

6. P. HScULAPIUS section. Wings brilliant steel-blue ; apex like the rest of
the abdomen.

9. Pyrrhopyge esculapius. (Tab. LX XIII. fig. 9¢.)
Pyrrhopyga esculapus, Staud. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 1127; Exot. Tagf. p. 295, t. 99”.
Pyrrhopyga variegaticeps, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 152°.

Alis nitide cyaneis; posticis ad marginem externum saturatioribus, margine ipso rufo; corpore nigro; capite
inter oculos fasciolis indistinctis tribus albis, palpis nigris ; coxis anterioribus nigris.

Hab. Costa Rica?, Rio Sucio (Rogers®); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribse, in mus. Staudinger),
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of his P. esculapius, and we find it agrees
precisely with those of our P. variegaticeps. The species is allied to P. hygieia,
Felder, but differs in the white markings of the head, the palpi being black instead of
red, and in having the rufous of the outer border of the secondaries confined to the
fringe. The anterior coxe are black, and not red as in P. rufipectus and P. rufinucha.

Rogers obtained several specimens of this species when collecting on the Rio Sucio
in Costa Rica. Mr. Champion’s specimens were taken at an elevation of between 3000
and 4000 feet on the Volcano of Chiriqui. Ribbe, who first discovered it at Chiriqui,
says that it is not common there}.

10. Pyrrhopyge creon. (Tab. LX XIII. figg. 10, 11 ¢.)

Pyrrhopyga creon, Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 289 (Sept. 1874)"; Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 538;
Staud. Exot. Tagf. p. 295°.

Pyrrhopyga cyclops, Staud. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 114+.

* In his original description Hewitson states that the type of P. zereda is in his own collection ; but, in his
‘ Equatorial Lepidoptera,’ p. 69, he says that he took his description of this insect from a specimen in the
collection of Mr. Bates. The point is of no consequence, as both types (one of which is in the British Museum,
the other in our possession) belong to oue species.
2K 2

252 RHOPALOCERA.

Alis cyanco nigricantibus, medialiter nitidis, ciliis fuscis ; posticis macula magna coccinea ad angulum analem :
subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus et omnino nitidis.

Hab. Cosa Rica (fide Staudinger *); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridbe, in mus. Staudinger *),
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Calobre (Arcé ').

This beautiful species was described from a single specimen sent us by our collector
Arcé from Calobre in the State of Panama, and he subsequently obtained another in
the same district. Dr. Staudinger’s type was taken by Ribbe at Chiriqui, where
Mr. Champion also found it at an elevation of about 4000 feet above the sea.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the type of his P. cyclops, and we find it agrees in
every respect with P. creon.

The harpes in the specimen dissected are not quite symmetrical. (See Tab. LX XIII.
fig. 11.)

7. P. MACULOSA section. Primaries with diaphanous spots.

11. Pyrrhopyge erythrosticta. (Tab. LX XIII. tig. 13 ¢.)
Pyrrhopyga erythrosticta, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 153°.

Alis purpureo-nigris ; anticis maculis decem semihyalinis, tribus medianis in linea transversa positis, una costali
ultra cellulam, quatuor subapicalibus et duabus discalibus (una vena mediana utrinque) ; macula ad basin
inter venam medianam et submedianam rufa, ciliis omnibus inter venas albis: subtus ut supra; anticis ad
basin, posticis preter marginem latum externum nigrum aurantiis; capite toto et palpis albo punctatis ;
macula ad basin tegularum, pedibus externe et fasciis abdominalibus aurantiis.

Hab. GUATEMALA, Cubilguitz (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt!); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribde, in mus. Staudinger), Calobre (Arcé +). |

This species is closely allied to P. maculosa of Hewitson, figured by Felder under
the name of P. agathon, but differs in having a rufous spot on the primaries in the
angle between the median and submedian nervures, and in the narrower black margin
to the secondaries beneath.

The range of P. erythrosticta is general on the Atlantic side of the mountains of
Central America up to an elevation of 1500 feet. In Colombia P. maculosa takes its
place.

The genitalia of the male are very peculiar, and depart widely from those of typical
Pyrrhopyge. A lobe which usually lies at the base of the harpes, and has sometimes a
serrated edge, is in this species carried forward until it crosses the dorsal margin; the
tegumen is forked at the end, and has a point on either side rising from its base; the
scaphium is distinctly chitinized. (See Tab. LX XIII. fig. 13.)

12. Pyrrhopyge araxes. (Tab. LXXIIT. figg. 14, 15,16 ¢ -)
Erycides araxes, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 2’.
Pyrrhopyga cyrillus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 529, no. 88”.

Alis saturate brunneis, ciliis albis brunneo interruptis ; anticis maculis decem semihyalinis, tribus medianis,
tribus discalibus, tribus subapicalibus, decima parva ad costam: subtus brunneis, anticis ut supra ad basin

PYRRHOPYGE.—MYSORIA. 253

rufescentibus, posticis plerumque rufis, margine externo late brunneo, fasciis tribus irregularibus
maculosis nigris, una per cellulam, altera ultra eam, tertia discali aurantio-rufis: corpore subtus
aurantio-rufo, abdomine nigro cincto.
2 mari similis.
Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.1), Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Rincon, Xucumanatlan in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Oaxaca (fide Platz).

Hewitson’s description of this species was based upon a Mexican specimen now in
the British Museum. Our Mexican series of examples agrees generally with the type,
though there is a considerable amount of variation as regards the definition of the
markings of the underside of the secondaries. In Arizona specimens these marks are
evanescent, and the dark outer border is not clearly defined on its inner edge. ‘The
difference is sufficient to constitute a distinct race.. Plétz also recognized two forms,
but unfortunately gave a new name, cyrillus, to the true arazes, the Arizona form being
his araxes. To rectify this we propose to call the northern insect Pyrrhopyge arizona,
specimens of both sexes being in our collection, sent us by Morrison from the neigh-
bourhood of Fort Grant.

The true P. araxes appears to be more abundant in Western than in Eastern Mexico,
as we have received a good series of specimens both from Mr. Forrer and Mr. Herbert
Smith ; and according to Plétz it occurs as far south as the State of Oaxaca?, In Eastern
Mexico, Riimeli found it near Cordova; and though we have other specimens without
precise locality which probably came from the same district, this is the only exact
locality we know of. Mr. Schaus has several examples in his collection, but none of
them are definitely located.

P. araxes has sometimes been assigned to the genus Myscelus, but the structure of
the antenne and the neuration indicate that it should be placed in Pyrrhopyge. The
male genitalia somewhat resemble those of P. phidias, the dorsal edge of the harpes
having two lobes directed backwards. ‘The tegumen has a short, slender, central hook
and a stronger one less curved on either side; the scaphium is fully developed and
chitinized. (See Tab. LX XIII. fig. 16.)

MYSORIA.
Mysoria, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 12.

This genus, of which the type is Papilio acastus, Cram., was separated from Pyrrho-
pyge by Mr. Watson. One of the best characters by which it can be distinguished is
the absence of the dorsal row of hairs on the hind tibie prominent in Pyrrhopyge. This
character is not employed by Mr. Watson, though we think it of considerable utility,
as it brings into this genus M. amra, M. affinis, and M. galgala, a more natural position
for them than in Pyrrhopyge. ‘Thus expanded the genus contains nine or ten species,
four of which occur within our limits. Compared with Pyrrhopyge, Mysoria has

254 RHOPALOCERA.

stouter antenne, the primaries are more elongated, the cell being very long. In the
secondaries the second branch of the submedian is emitted at or about the end of the
cell, and the hind tibiz are destitute of a dorsal fringe of hairs.

1. Mysoria venezuela. (Tab. LXXIII. fig. 17.)
Pyrropyga acastus, auctt. (nec Cram.), Math. Ent. Monthly Mag. xix. p. 19 1,
Pyrropyga venezuele, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. iv. p. 67 (1872) -
Pyrrhopyge venezuela, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 12°.

Alis chalybeo-cyancis ad basin viridescentioribus, ciliis albis; capite postico, palpis bitriente basali et abdo-
minis apice coccineis: subtus ut supra, posticis costa anguste coccinea, margine externo late (angulum
analem haud extensa) luteo; corpore linea laterali utrinque et abdomine maculis duabus utrinque
coccineis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli) ; GuatemaLa, Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & 0. &.);
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé, Lrodtsch),
Calobre (Arcé).—Sovra America, ‘laboga I. (Mathew 1), Colombia and Venezuela? to
S. Brazil and Paraguay.

This insect has usually passed under the name of Papzlio acastus, Cramer, but a
careful examination of Cramer’s figure, a very poor one, leads us to believe that two
species have been confused under this name; the figure shows no red costal margin on |
the underside of the secondaries, universally present in specimens from the greater
portion of tropical South America. We should not think so much of this fact were it
not that we possess a specimen, taken by Whitely near Roraima, in British Guiana,
which exactly agrees with Cramer’s figure and has no trace of a red costal margin.
Cramer’s title therefore strictly belongs to the Guianan insect, and that applicable to
the much commoner and more widely spread form is P. venezuele, Scudd., a name
which has not been recently recognized *. Some variation exists in the width of the
yellow margin of the hind wings: it is narrowest at the extreme limits of the range of
the species, 7. ¢. in Central America and South Brazil, and becomes wider in the
intermediate country. JZ. venezuele resembles in many respects M. amra, but besides
being a smaller and more elongated insect, and possessing other minor distinctive
characters, it can at once be recognized by the crimson costal margin of the hind wings,
which in M. amra, and also in M. affinis, is yellow.

This species appears to be quite rare in Eastern Mexico, but is common in the State
of Panama and thence southward throughout its range. Mr. Mathew found some
full-grown larve of this insect in the island of Taboga, in the bay of Panama. He
says :—‘* The larva, which is soft and flabby to the touch, is clothed with fine straw-

* Mr. Kirby places Papilio barcastus of Sepp as a synonym of P. acastus, Cramer, meaning no doubt the
specics we now recognize as M. venezuele, and if this identification were correct, Sepp’s name would have
priority; but, as already pointed out by Plotz (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 535), P. barcastus applies to a species
in which the outer border of the secondaries beneath is wholly scarlet, and is an older title of P. verbena of
Butler. The same species is also figured by Clerck (Ic. Ins. t. 44).

MYSORIA. 255

coloured hairs, is somewhat cylindrical in shape, and tapers towards each extremity ;
head cordate, and very large in proportion to the size of the larva, and of a brick-
red; general colour reddish brown, with well-defined segmental rings of a deeper hue,
and narrow black, yellow, and reddish perpendicular lines on each segment; under
surface, claspers, and prolegs light red. When full fed it spins a loose network cocoon
between chinks of bark and therein turns to a light red pupa with many segmental
black spots, and covered with fine white down, and a purplish powdery bloom. ‘The eyes
are black and very prominent. The butterflies emerge in about three or four weeks.”

The genitalia of the male have a very strong spine with a broad base on the dorsal
edge of the harpagones, and some smaller spines towards the extremity. The tegumen
divides at the extremity and has a long lateral spine on either side, which, arising
from the base, is directed at first downwards, then abruptly upwards, and finally forwards.
(See Tab. LX-XIII. fig. 17.)

2. Mysoria affinis. (Tab. LX XIII. figg. 19, 20, 21 ¢.)
Pyrrhopyga affinis, Werr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 57*; Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Se. vi.
p. 67 (1871) 2,

Alis nigricanti-chalybeo-viridescentibus, ciliis late albis ; posticis purpurascentioribus ; capite postico, palporum
triente basali et abdominis apice coccineis purpureo tinctis; fronte, capite summo et palporum apicibus
chalybeo-cyaneis: subtus ut supra, sed viridescentioribus, posticis margine costali et margine externo fere
ad angulum analem cum linea laterali corporis utrinque et lineola postoculari luteis.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Scudder ?), Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), Acapulco, La
Venta in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Guerrero (W. Schaus)..

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the type of this species described by Herrich-
Schaffer, and we find several specimens in our collection from various parts of Western
Mexico which agree with it in all essential points, but the wings, especially the
_ primaries, are rather more elongated and the outer margin more concave.

The species is nearly allied to M. amra, both having the same narrow orange margin
on the underside of the secondaries, but the several points of distinction mentioned in
the description of M. amra clearly show that the two insects are specifically different.
They both occur in the same region in Western Mexico, but M. affinis appears to
spread a little farther to the northward and M. amra goes farther south.

The male genitalia have the tegumen somewhat similar to that of WU. venezuela, but
the lateral spines run directly upwards from the base and terminate abruptly in a
short point directed forwards. The harpes are without the spines on the middle and
on the extremity of the dorsal edge. (See Tab. LXXIII. fig. 21.)

3. Mysoria amra, (Tab. LXXIII. fig. 18.)
Pyrrhopyga amra, Hew. Ex. Butt., Pyrrhopyga, ii. t. 3. ff. 16,177; Math. Ent. Monthly Mag.
xix. p. 187. .

P. affini similis, sed capite postico fronte concolori, linea laterali corporis utrinque coccinea nec lutea et lineola
postoculari alba nec lutea distinguenda.

256 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico}, Jalisco (Schumann), San Blas (Mathew?, Richardson), Putla
(Rébouch), Rincon, Acapulco in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Rio Naranjo
(Champion).

Hewitson described this species from Mexican specimens in his own and Saunders’s
collections ; those of the latter are now before us; and we have received several examples
from different parts of Western Mexico, where this species has a somewhat extensive
range. Our only Guatemalan specimen was taken by Mr. Champion on the Rio Naranjo,
close to the frontier of Mexico, at an elevation of about 400 feet above the sea.

Mr. Gervase F. Mathew says? that IZ. amra “ was noticed at San Blas, on the coast
of Mexico, in December 1873 ; it was taken for some species of day-flying moth, for its
habits were quite unlike those of any butterfly I had previously met with. They flew
very rapidly during the hottest part of the day, and were fond of passing backwards
and forwards in front of some favourite bush, before which they occasionally stopped
and hovered, their wings being moved with extreme rapidity. Sometimes they would
suddenly alight on the underside of a leaf and were lost to view, and one’s beating-
stick had to be brought into requisition to dislodge them. At other times before
settling they would fly in a short jerking manner, somewhat after the fashion of the
Long-tailed Skippers (Eudamus).”

The lateral points in the tegumen are short, nearly straight, and directed forwards
and upwards; the dorsal edge of the extremity of the harpes is undulating and serrate,
but without prominent spines. (See Tab. LX XIII. fig. 18.)

4. Mysoria galgala. (Tab. LX XIII. fig. 22.)

Pyrrhopyga galgala, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, ii. p. 4831; Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879,
p. 531°.

Tamyris strigifera, Feld. Voy. Nov., Lep. p. 505, t. 70. ff. 7, 8°.

Pyrrhopyga strigifera, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 5314.

Alis chalybeo-nigris ad apicem viridescentioribus, ciliis albis; anticis stria mediana transversa rufescente ;
capite summo, palporum apicibus et corpore toto purpurco-nigris; maculis duabus inter oculos, capitis
basi, maculis dorsalibus, palpis, et maculis abdominalibus utrinque ferrugineo-coccineis: subtus ut supra,
stria transversa anticarum per posticas extendente.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, Zahn), David (Champion).—CoLomBia 23; Vene-
ZUELA 128,

P. galgaia of Wewitson and T. strigifera of Felder were both based upon Vene-
zuelan specimens, though the latter name also included others from Colombia. Plétz
recognized both names; but as specimens from both localities and also from the State
of Panama show no practical difference, we use Hewitson’s older title for the species
asa whole. ‘The transverse bands of the primaries vary somewhat in width, but appa-
rently without reference to locality.

MYSORIA.—AMENIS. 257

M. galgala is not common in the State of Panamia, and the few specimens we have
seen all came from the neighbourhood of Chiriqui.

The harpagones of the male are shorter and more rounded at the extremity but
armed with stronger teeth than in Mysoria venezuele, and have a strong projection on
the middle of the disc; moreover, the spine proceeding slightly backwards from the
middle of the dorsal edge is absent; the lateral piece of the tegumen is more
slender, straighter, and directed forwards. (See Tab. LX XIII. fig. 22.)

Mr. Watson placed this species in Pyrrhopyge, but the smooth dorsal edge of the
hind tibiz indicates that it should be removed to Mysoria, though the discocellular
nervure of the secondaries meets the median a little beyond the origin of the second
branch. . The third segment of the median nervure of the primaries is much shorter
compared with the second segment than in typical Mysoria. In the style of its colora-
tion it stands quite alone.

AMENIS.
Amenis, Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 12.

In many respects this genus resembles Pyrrhopyge, and has the dorsal fringe to the
hind tibie as in that genus, but the third segment of the median nervure of the
primaries is short, being considerably less than half the second segment, the second
median branch of the secondaries rises at the end of the cell and not before it, and the
radial of those wings is more or less developed. The genus contains only two species,
one of which occurs in the State of Panama.

1. Amenis ponina. (Tab. LX XIII. figg. 23, 24 3.)
Pyrrhopyga ponina, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p.571'; Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 531 *.
Amenis ponina, Wats. P. Z.S. 1898, p. 12°.

Alis chalyheo-nigris, ciliis fulvis; anticis, preter marginem externum latum, olivaceis, venis nigris divisis ;
macula celulari, altera supra venam submedianam (ambabus nigro cinctis) coccineis ; capite summo nigri-
canti-ceruleo ferrugineo maculato; tegulis linea mediana, thorace postico maculis duabus, coccineis,
thorace quoque lineis duabus glaucescenti-rufis ; posticis unicoloribus: subtus anticis area costali glauca,
macula cellulari ut supra, ea supra venam subcostalem cervina; posticis preter marginem externum et
venas glaucescentibus ad basin albicantioribus ; palpis, pectore, maculis abdominalibus et ano ferrugineis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger).—VENEZUELA 2.

This species, which we identify as Herrich-Schaffer’s P. ponina |, is closely allied to
the better-known A. pionia, but differs in having the fringe fawn-colour instead of
white, and in the absence of the glaucous spots near the anal angle of the secondaries.
The presence of this species in Central America is proved by a specimen from Chiriqui
in Dr. Staudinger’s collection; this he has kindly lent us, and we find that it agrees
accurately with a specimen from Merida in Venezuela in our collection. Pl6tz gives
La Guayra, also in Venezuela, as a locality for this species 2.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., Apri] 1893.

bo
val

258 RHOPALOCERA.

The male genitalia in A. pionia are somewhat similar to those of typical Pyrrhopyge ;
the two elongated rods proceed backwards from the middle of the dorsal edge of the
harpagones, the tegumen is divided and has a blunt rod proceeding from the base on
either side. (See Tab. LX XIII. fig. 25.)

YANGUNA.
Yanguna, Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 12.

Yanguna has the dorsal fringe of hairs to the hind tibie as in Pyrrhopyge. The
third segment of the median of the primaries is short and less than half the second
segment, the third segment of the subcostal is about half the second segment; the
second median branch of the secondaries starts from before the end of the cell.
Y. crida is aberrant, inasmuch as the second and third segments of the subcostal are
subequal.

The number of species in this genus is about seven or eight, two of which occur in
our region.

1. Yanguna cosyra. (Tab. LXXIV. figg. 1, 2¢.)
Pyrrhopyga cosyra, Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 363".

Alis purpureo-nigris ; anticis bifasciatis, fascia una per ccllulam trifida, altera ultra eam bifida, maculis tribus
subapicalibus, omnibus semihyalinis; anticis ad basin posticis bitriente basali fulvis; thorace paulo
obscuriore: subtus chalybeo-nigris, anticis fasciis et maculis ut supra, posticis immaculatis; capite nigro
albo punctato, palpis (preter apices) genis, femoribus extus et annulis abdominalibus albis.

Hab. Guaremata, Cubilguitz (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion, Arcé1), Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Co.LoMBIA ; Peru.

This species is closely allied to Pyrrhopyga spatiosa of Hewitson, the type of which
came from Ecuador. The describer of the latter species did not distinguish between
Nicaraguan specimens obtained by Belt and his types from Ecuador. Mr. Druce,
however, described Panama examples under the name we now use, but made no com- —
parison with its near ally’. Compared with Y. spatiosa, the present species is more
fulvous on the body and at the base of the wings, the Ecuadorian form being of a
darker, redder colour, the rings on the abdomen are much more definite, the bands on
the primaries are nearly parallel instead of converging, and the palpi are almost entirely
white; moreover Y. spatiosa has a red spot on the secondaries beneath near the base
which does not appear in Y. cosyra. On the whole the two forms seem fairly separable.

Though a widely distributed species it is nowhere common.

The male genitalia have the harpagones much as in typical Pyrrhopyge. ‘The tegu-
men is divided in the middle, each portion being bent downwards with a rounded end;

there is a subtriangular lateral lobe from each side, the outer edge of which is serrate.
(See Tab. LXXTV. fig. 2.)

YANGUNA.—SARBIA. 259

2. Yanguna crida. (Tab. LXXIV. fig. 3.) |
Pyrrhopyga crida, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1871, p. 167°; Ex. Butt., Pyrrhopyga, t. ii. f. 142.

Alis purpureo-nigris ; anticis striga transversa per cellule finem ad angulum analem opalescente semihyalina :
subtus ut supra, capite, palpis et ano ferrugineis, coxis anterioribus nigris.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt 1).—Cotomnra.

We have two specimens of this species taken by Mr. Belt at Chontales in Nicaragua.
A third example captured at the same place is in the Hewitson collection in the British
~Musenm!. VY. erida is allied to Papilio arinus of Cramer, and Pyrrhopyga pedaia of
Hewitson, but differs in the narrowness and greater length of the transverse hyaline
band of the primaries, and in having the anterior coxe black and not red. Dr. Stau-
dinger’s specimen from Colombia has a white fringe to the secondaries, that of the
types of Y. crida is wholly worn off.

The male genitalia are not quite symmetrical, for on one side the harpago has two
lobes on the dorsal edge, that on the other side has only one, and the outline of the
terminal portion is not quite the same in each case. The tegumen has the lateral
lobes very feeble, the central portion is blunt and cleft vertically near the end. (See

Tab. LXXIV. fig. 3.)

SARBIA.
Sarbia, Watson, P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 13.

The type of this genus, 8. xanthippe, has the dorsal edge of the hind tibie smooth
as in Mysoria. The second segment of the subcostal of the primaries is twice as long
as the third segment, which, again, is shorter than the fourth; the third segment
of the median is less than half the second segment, the second median branch of the
secondaries starts from beyond the cell.

The male genitalia of S. xanthippe are somewhat like those of typical Pyrrhopyge as
regards the tegumen, which has the central piece cleft and a long lateral rod on each
side ; the harpagones are armed with a very strong terminal hook, which bends back
over the dorsal edge.

1. Sarbia luteizona.
Pyrrhopyga luteizona, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. 1877, p. 162‘; Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 15
(1878) *.

‘« Alis nigris ; anticis duas fascias pallide luteas offerentibus, unem e tribus maculis in disco alteram obliquam
ex apice usque ad marginem internum, illius dimidio inferiori non maculari et paulum obliterato. Posticis
fascia lata lutescenti zonatis. Fimbria posticarum lutea nigro intersecta. Subtus alis vix pallidioribus
fasciis latioribus, confluentibus, fasciaque alia brevi, lutea, basilari ; capite, ano, palpisque aurantiaco-
rubris.”

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brussels).
2u2

260 RHOPALOCERA.

We have not seen an example of this species, which was described by M. Mabille
from a single female specimen in the Brussels Museum, said to come from Mexico ?. It

is compared with S. oneka (Hewitson).

JEMADIA.
Pyrrhopyge, auctt. partim.
Jemadia, Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 14.

In this genus Mr. Watson includes the species of Pyrrhopyge which are all more or
less of a black colour, with hyaline spots on the primaries and blue stripes on the
secondaries; the third median segment of the primaries is very short, not more than a
third or even a fourth as long as the second segment ; the subcostal branches are
distinct from one another, the second subcostal segment being more than twice as long
as the third. ‘The second median branch of the secondaries starts before or at the end
of the cell. The posterior tibiee have a distinct dorsal crest of hairs.

The species of this genus much resemble one another externally, and are very
difficult to discriminate satisfactorily, but the great diversity of the male genitalia
shows that a number of true species exist. The number more or less known to us is
about sixteen, and others doubtless exist in collections. Of these, six occur within our
limits, Guatemala being the extreme northern range of the genus.

These six species can be recognized by the following key :—

a. Two transverse blue bands near the base of the primaries.
a', A series of four hyaline spots in the apex of the primaries, two in the

disc.
a, Spots on the disc united, prothorax spotted above.
a'". No median band on the secondaries . - - + + + + + + 5 1. hospita.
p!!- A median band on the secondaries above oe ew we ww 2, Rewitsoni.
b!', Spots on the dise separated ; prothorax with a transverse bluish line,
not spotted 2... ee ee ee 3. macleannant.

b'. Five hyaline spots in the apex, one in the disc ; prothorax with a trans-
verse bluish line.
c''. Outer blue band of the secondaries beneath slightly broken up with

black towards the costa. 1. ee ee et patrobas.
d". Outer blue band of the secondaries beneath much broken up . . . 5. azeta.
b. Blue lines at the base of the primaries radiating outwards in the direction
ofthe nervures . 6 ee ee ee 6. licinus. —

Owing to the difficulties connected with the nomenclature of the species of this
genus, largely increased by Hewitson’s frequent practice of describing one specimen and
figuring another, often of a different species, we now take the opportunity of figuring
all the Central-American species, except J. licinus, with their male genitalia, our names
having been determined by direct reference to the types in the British Museum.

JEMADIA. 261

1. Jemadia hospita. (Tab. LXXIV. figg. 4, 5, 63.)
Pyrrhopyga patrobas, Hew. Ex. Butt., Pyrrhopyga, 1, descr. partim nec fig. 1’.
Pyrrhopyga hospita, Butl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1877, xx. p. 1287.

Pyrrhopyge hospita, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 14°.

Alis cyaneo-nigris ; anticis striis transversis duabus basalibus duabus, ad angulum analem margine interno sub-
parallelibus et linea interrupta evanescente submarginali cyanescentibus, macula magna trifida mediana,
altera bifida discali lineari, tertia quadripartita arcuata subapicali hyalinis ; posticis lineis tribus approxi-
matis 4 basi prope marginem internum, fascia submarginali venis divisa ad angulum analem extendente,
cyanescentibus: subtus ut supra, macula mediana anticarum ad costam producta; posticis linea sub-
marginali (ad costam latiore) cum altera ad marginem internum juncta, altera transversa subbasali quarta
mediana nec costam nec reliquas attingente, cyaneis, omnibus venis nigris divisis; ciliis inter venas albis ;
capite summo albo maculato, thorace quadristriato, abdomine (linea dorsali excepta) albo cincto.

Hab. Guatemata, Chisoy and Polochic valleys (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua,
Chontales (Belt); Panama, David, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé).—
CoLtompBia!; Ecuapor; E. Peru, Ucayali 2.

Hewitson, when describing the female of his P. patrobas! evidently referred to a
specimen of this species as its male, as he says that that sex differs in wanting the
middle blue band of the secondaries. ‘The specimens in his collection, as arranged by
him, prove that he had confused the two species together. In cases such as this, where
an author has figured one species and described another under the same name, we think
it best to retain the name for the figure as giving the best interpretation of the author’s
views as to the species he was introducing. ILewitson’s name P. patrobas, therefore,
should not be applied to this species, but to the very distinct one described below.
Mr. Butler’s name, based upon specimens collected by Mr. Walter Davis on the Rio
Ucayali in Peru, can therefore be used *, We have examined the types in the British
Museum, and find that our series from Central America and elsewhere agrees very
closely with them. J. hospita is the only species in our country which has spots on
the prothorax, two united hyaline discal spots on the primaries, and no median blue
band on the secondaries. It range is extensive and spreads from Eastern Guatemala
through Central America to Panama, and thence southwards to the Valley of the
Amazons.

It is a species of the hot country, its vertical range not exceeding 2000 feet.

The male genitalia have a short blunt tegumen ending in a double lobe, there is
besides an elongated slender lobe on either side directed outwards; the ventral edge
of the harpagones is nearly straight, the end is rounded, blunt, and slightly serrated,
and there is a long recurved lobe with a serrate rounded end on the dorsal edge. The
scaphium is densely chitinized, the outer edge having a distinctly granular surface.
(See Tab. LX XIV. fig. 6.)

A male from Bugaba is figured.

262 RHOPALOCERA.

2. Jemadia hewitsoni. (Tab. LXXIV. figg. 7, 8,96.)

Pyrrhopyga vulcanus, Hew. Ex Butt., Pyrrhopyga, t. 1. £. 2 (nec Cramer) *.
Pyrrhopyga hewitsoni, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 19 (1878) *.
Pyrrhopyge hewitsoni, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 14°.

Alis cyaneo-nigris ; anticis fasciis tribus maculosis semihyalinis, una trifida per cellulam, altera bifida ultra eam,
tertia quadripartita subapicali, striis duabus obliquis ad basin caruleo-albis, macula vena submediana
bipartita ad angulum analem, et linea irregulari submarginali cerulescentibus, ciliis nigris ; posticis
lineis tribus a basi juxta marginem internum radiantibus albicantibus, macula triangulari a vena sub-
mediana dependente et linea discali ad angulum analem decrescente cwerulescentibus, ciliis inter venas
albis: subtus anticis fasciis semihyalinis ut supra ; posticis fasciis tribus distinctis notatis, una semibasali,
una submarginali integra, tertia intra eas per cellule finem; corpore toto nigro, thorace striis quatuor
longitudinalibus czruleo-albicantibus, abdominis lateribus eodem colore transfasciatis; prothorace et
capite summo nigris albo maculatis ; palpis medialiter, genis et femoribus extus albis.

Hab. Paxama, Calobre (Arcé). — Soutn America, from Colombia and Amazons

Valley to Brazil.

The male of this species was figured by Hewitson as that sex of Pyrrhopyga vulcanus,
an identification questioned by M. Mabille, who bestowed Hewitson’s name upon that
draughtsman’s figure ?.

We have now a good series of specimens of J. hewitsoni, which prove its range to
extend from Panama southwards over the whole of the valley of the Amazons, and
thence to Chapada in Matto Grosso, where Mr. Herbert Smith found it in abundance.
Unfortunately we have only one specimen from Panama, and that a female, but we
have little doubt it is rightly referred to this species. J. hewitsoni resembles J. hospita
in having a spotted prothorax and in the juxtaposition of the two hyaline discal
spots, but it may at once be distinguished by the presence of a median band on the
secondaries above.

The genitalia of the male have a somewhat peculiar tegumen, which has a slender
central projection split at the end, on each side isa deep lobe, the lower angle of
which projects slightly ; the harpagones have a strongly serrated dorsal edge towards
the distal end, this portion ending at either extremity in a sharp thorn-like spine, in
the centre of the disc is a sharp spine. (See Tab. LX XIV. fig. 9.)

A male from Muzo, Colombia, is figured.

3. Jemadia macleannani, sp.n. (Tab. LXXIV. figg. 10, 11,124 .)

Alis cyanco-nigris ; anticis ciliis nigris, striis transversis duabus basalibus, duabus ad angulum analem margine
interno subparallelibus et linea interrupta evanescente submarginali cyanescentibus; macula trifida per
cellulam, duabus haud attingentibus discalibus (interdum obsoletis) et linea arcuata quadripartita sub-
apicali hyalinis; posticis striis tribus transversis margine externo subparallelibus, una basali albicante
reliquis ceerulescentibus, ciliis inter venas albis: subtus anticis fere ut supra, posticis linea cerulea sub-
marginali lata ad costam latiore ct linea angusta nigra longitudinaliter divisa ad costam irregulari; pro-
thorace nigro, lineis duabus transversis cxruleis notato, haud maculato.

Hab. Panama, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (MeLeannan).

JEMADIA. 263

We have two male specimens of this species, which appears to be quite distinct from
its allies. It belongs to the section containing J. zimra, Hew., and J. alburnia, Mab.,
in which the discal spots are separate. In J. zimra these spots are much larger than
in the present species, and on the underside the submarginal band of the secondaries
is differently divided, a small piece only near the costa being separated instead of being
split throughout. There are also essential differences in the male genitalia. J. alburnia
has the submarginal band of the secondaries beneath entire.

The tegumen of the male genitalia has a long central lobe ending in a short hook,
on either side is a well-defined, but much shorter, curved lobe with a ventral serrate
edge ; the harpagones end in a short slightly depressed lobe, above which is a longer
one directed backwards, both having the end serrate. (See Tab. LXXIV. fig. 12.)

A male from Calobre, Panama, is figured.

4. Jemadia patrobas. (Lab. LXXIV. figg. 13, 14, 154.)
Pyrrhopyga vulcanus, Hew. Ex Butt. Pyrrhopyga, t. 1. f. 1°.
Pyrrhopyga patrobas, Hew. loc. cit. text partim *,

Alis cyaneo-nigris ; anticis ciliis nigris, macula trifida per cellulam, una lineari discali et fascia arcuata quinque-
partita ad apicem hyalinis, striis duabus transversis basalibus, duabus ad angulum analem margine interno
subparallelibus et stria submarginali interrupta cerulescentibus ; posticis stria irregulari prope marginem
internum albicante, duabus cerulescentibus arcuatis transversis, una mediana, altera submarginali, ciliis
inter venas albis: subtus ut supra, posticis stria submarginali magis arcuata et linea irregulari nigra
longitudinaliter divisa ; prothorace ceruleo transfasciato haud maculato.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Co.omBia },

We retain this name for Hewitson’s figure of his P. patrobas, which is called on the
plate P. vuicanus (Cr.) 1, but altered in the text to P. patrobas, though the description
is evidently drawn from specimens of different species, as is evident from the statement
that the number of apical hyaline spots is “ four or five.”

The differentiation of this species from P. azeta and other similar forms from
external features only is by no means satisfactory, and the only character that seems
available has reference to the way in which the outer band of the secondaries beneath
is split up by a black line or lines. In J. patrobas this band is divided by a single line,
but in J. azeta it is wider near the costa and is further split up by a second black
line. The male genitalia of these forms show that they are perfectly distinct species.

Of J. patrobas we have only a single Central-American specimen, apparently a
female, from the State of Panama. We have described a specimen from Colombia
which agrees with the type of Hewitson’s figure in the British Museum.

The tegumen of the male genitalia has a blunt slightly depressed central rod or lobe,
at the base of which, on either side, is a short semi-erect lobe with a serrate end; the
harpagones are elongated and end in a blunt point; there is a short lobe about the
middle of the dorsal edge, which as well as the edge itself to the end is serrate; near

264 RHOPALOCERA.

the base of the disc is a round patch of short spines or teeth. (See Tab. LX XIV.
fig. 15.)
A male from Manaure, Northern Colombia, is figured.

5. Jemadia azeta. (Tab. LX XIV. figg. 16, 17¢.)
Pyrrhopyga azeta, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, ii. p. 479 (1866).

J. patrobas affinis, fascia cxerulea submarginali ad costam lineis duabus nigris divisa, genitalia maris quoque
certe distinguenda.

Hab, Guatema.a, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Panama, David (Champion).—
SoutH America, Peru, Amazons valley 1, Bolivia, and South Brazil.

Hewitson’s description of this species was based upon a specimen from S. Paolo,
Upper Amazons, probably from Bates’s collection. We have a good series of specimens
agreeing with the type from various parts of Tropical America.

Dissected males from Guatemala, Panama, and Pebas in the Upper Amazons valley,
all agree closely in the structure of their genitalia, which are so peculiar that their specific
identity cannot be questioned.

J. azeta is not common in Guatemala, where we only found it in company with
J. hospita in the Polochic valley, and we have only one specimen of Mr. Champion’s
collecting from David in the State of Panama. In South America the species appears
to be more common; our series includes a specimen from Espirito Santo in Eastern
Brazil and another from Chapada in Matto Grosso, the latter having formed part of '
Mr. Herbert Smith’s collection. |

The tegumen of the male genitalia is somewhat like that of J. patrobas, but the lobes
at the base are wider at their origin, and the edges more deeply serrate; the harpagones
are very peculiar, the ventral edge being very sinuate towards the end, which consists
of a long depressed rod, the middle of the dorsal edge is deeply and irregularly serrate,
and a serrate lobe is situated below the edge, on the disc is a short smooth edged lobe.
(See Tab. LX XIV. fig. 17.)

A male from Northern Peru is figured.

6. Jemadia licinus,
Erycides licinus, Moschl. Verh. k.-k. z00l.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 209’.
Pyrrhopyga dysoni, Pidtz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 5217.

Alis cyaneo-nigris ; anticis ciliis nigris, striis ceruleis a basi radiantibus, ea ad marginem internum longissima,
fere ad angulum analem extensa, linea interrupta submarginali quoque cyanea; macula magna trifida et
puncto ad costam hyalinis, macula discali bifida, altera subapicali quoque bifida cum punctis tribus
costalibus juxta eam omnibus hyalinis; posticis stria albicante ad marginem internum, aliisque duabus
ceruleis a basi radiantibus, altera a costa cum stria submarginali indistincta conjuncta quoque ceruleis:
subtus nigris, anticis maculis hyalinis ut supra, striis ceeruleis fere obsoletis ; posticis striis quatuor notatis,
una ad marginem internum, proxima abbreviata subparallela a basi coste, altera quoque a costa
extendente et stria quarta submarginali ad medium conjuncta, omnibus nitide ceruleis ; capite et prothorace

JEMADIA.—MYSCELUS. 265

ceruleo albo punctatis; thorace longitudinaliter striato, abdomine stria dorsali nigra, lateribus cwruleo
semicinctis, subtus lineis maculosis binotatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (fide Méschler 1).

We have a single specimen, apparently a female, answering to Méschler’s description
of this species. Unfortunately it is without locality, so that we cannot confirm the
domicile attributed to the species by its describer, and, moreover, Dr. Staudinger’s
collection is silent on the subject.

J. licinus in the coloration of its wings is almost exactly like Proteides pygmalion,
the blue lines radiating from the base of the primaries in the same way; but the head
and antenne are those of a Jemadia. We have examined our specimen very closely
with a view to ascertain if the head with its antenne had been placed on the body and
wings of a specimen of P. pygmalion, but we cannot find that this has been done; and,
of course, Méschler’s description taken from another specimen confirms the opinion that
the species is quite distinct.

Dissection of the male organs would here be very valuable, but unfortunately we have
no materials at present to enable us to make the investigation.

MYSCELUS.
Myscelus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 110 (1816) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 15.

This genus, the type of which is M. nobilis (Cramer), contains ten or eleven species,
only two of which occur within our limits, the rest being spread over the tropical
regions of South America as far as South Brazil.

The antenne, including the club, are rather slender, the latter hooked and ending in
a blunt point. The second median segment of the primaries is more than twice the length
of the third, the subcostal branches are distinctly separate, the second subcostal segment
is more than double the length of the third, and the third is longer than the fourth.
In the secondaries the second median branch is emitted after the cell, and the outer
margin is deeply crenulate. The hind tibie have a dorsal ridge of hairs.

1. Myscelus belti. (Tab. LXXIV. figg. 21, 22, 23¢.)

Myscelus belti, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 153°.

Alis ferrugineis ; anticis ad apicem saturatioribus, maculis decem hyalinis omnibus nigro circumcinctis, tribus *
medianis magnis in linea transversa positis, duabus ultra cellulam, una venam medianam utrinque,
quinque parvis subapicalibus in linea arcuata positis; posticis margine nigricante, ciliis inter venas
indistincte albidis, fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscis, una per cellulam, altera ultra eam: subtus maculis
ut supra dimidio distali fusco, linea indistincta pallida submarginali, parte basali sulphurea; posticis
sulphureis, margine externo lato et linea juxta eam interiore nigricanti-fuscis; palpis albidis ; corpore

toto subtus sulphureo, abdomine nigro cincto.
9 mari similis, anticis ad apicem obscurioribus, posticis saturatiore ferrugineis fere unicoloribus.

Hab. Guatemaua, Polochic valley (/. D. G. & O. 8.1), Pantaleon (Champion); Nicar-
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1893. 2M

266 RHOPALOCERA.

aaua, Chontales (Belt & Janson'); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion & Ribbe).

This fine species has a near ally in M. epimachia, as already pointed out in our
original description ; but the two insects have perfectly distinct ranges—M. epimachia
being found in Peru and Bolivia, as well as in Southern Brazil; I. bel¢i in Panama,
thence northward to Guatemala.

Our type-specimen was obtained by the late E. M. Janson in Chontales, where Belt
also found the species; but long previously to this we obtained a specimen in Guate-
mala, which remained undescribed in our collection, and where Mr. Champion also
secured a specimen. Southward of Nicaragua it occurs sparingly.

The male genitalia have the tegumen with a single central point which is decurved
towards the end; the harpagones are cleft horizontally, the lower portion projects
beyond the upper, is more acute, and strongly serrate along the edge. (See Tab.
LXXIV. fig. 23.)

We figure the type from Nicaragua.

Another species, more closely allied to M. delti than M. epimachia, occurs in Venezuela
and Colombia; it has been described by Dr. Staudinger as Ml. phoronis var. caucanus, and
by M. Mabille as IZ. persela*. It is paler and redder in colour than WM. belti, the apex of
the primaries is not so dark, and the dark margin of the secondaries not so pronounced.

2. Myscelus hages, sp.n. (Tab. LXXIV. figg. 24, 25, 26 ¢.)

Alis fulvis ; anticis venis nigris intersectis maculis novem hyalinis nigro cinctis, tribus medianis, tribus discalibus,
et tribus subapicalibus ; posticis macula cellulari semihyalina, margine externo venis juxta eum, et lunulis
submarginalibus nigris, cillis inter venas albicantibus ; capite summo nigro transfasciato : subtus ochraceis,
anticis maculis ut supra, margine externo nigricante, posticis margine externo et lineis maculosis transversis
nigris notatis ; palpis albidis, corpore subtus ochraceo-albo, abdomine nigro cincto.

@ mari similis, maculis omnibus forsan distinctioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Rinconada (Schaus), San Lorenzo near Cordova (Trujillo), Tierra

Colorada in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemaza, San Gerénimo (F. D. G. & O. S.);

Panama, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Prrv. |

This insect, though of wide range, is probably nowhere common, a few specimens
only having reached us from the localities mentioned above.

M. amystis, Hew., is a closely allied species, but of a much yellower colour, and
with its markings more indistinct. It does not occur in our country, though found
immediately to the south. .

M. nobilis, on the other hand, of which there is a specimen in the British Museum,
differs from the present species in having the markings on both surfaces much more

* Myscelus phoronis, var. caucanus, Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 295 (1888).
Myscelus caucanus, Staud. op. cit. p. 311.
Pyrrhopyga persela, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. evii.

MYSCELUS.—OXYNETRA. 267

strongly impressed, and in the yellow colour of the under surface being confined to the .
base of the wings, the outer portion being darker and more rufescent.
The genitalia of the male differ from those of MV. belti in having the lower lobe of

the harpagones less acute and not nearly so strongly serrate; they otherwise agree in
their general outline.

AZONAX, gen. nov.

In this genus the club of the antenne is comparatively slender as in Myscelus; the
outer margin of the secondaries uniform, not dentated; primaries somewhat produced,
the outer and inner margins subequal, the costa but slightly arched, upper discocellular
distinct, fourth submedian branch emitted considerably beyond the end of the cell as in
Microceris, subcostal branches widely apart, second and third median segments subequal ;
cell of the secondaries rather long, the second median branch emitted before the end of
the cell. Hind legs wanting.

Type and only species Myscelus typhaon, Hew.

1. Azonax typhaon. (Tab. LXXIV. figg. 27, 28.)
Myscelus typhaon, Hew. Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1877, xx. p. 320°; Kirby, Cat. Hew. Coll. p. 209’.

Alis rufo-fuscis ; anticis maculis undecim hyalinis notatis, una quinquepartita infra medium cost (punctoque
infra eam), una extra eam, una bifida ad costam, et quatuor ad apicem, maculis rufescentibus extra omnibus
quoque ornatis; posticis macula ad basin albida, macula magna alba hyalina ante medium, altera
ad marginem externum propriore fascia rufa pallida, infra eas maculis quinque notatis, duabus exterioribus
hyalinis et maculis, alteris indistinctis brunneis limbatis: subtus ut supra, alis ad basin griseo-albis,
margine externo saturate brunneo griseo-albo irrorato; posticis maculis pallidis flavidis ad medium coste.

Hab. Nicaragua (Mus. Brit.).

The only specimen of this peculiar species is the type now in the British Museum.
In his original description Hewitson omitted to give the locality whence his specimen
was derived!; but it is labelled Nicaragua, as stated by Mr. Kirby inh is catalogue of
the Hewitson Collection”. It probably originally formed part of Belt’s collection.

OXYNETRA.

Oxynetra, Felder, Wien. ent. Mon. vi. p. 179 (1862); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 14.
Dis, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) ix. p. clxxxiv (1889). .

This genus was founded by Felder upon two specimens which he called O. semihyalina ;
these have since proved to belong to two separate species, which are now known as
O. semihyalina and O. felderi; to these a third, O. hopfferi, has since been added. Of
these, the last named is the only one which certainly occurs in our country, though
O. semihyalina has been attributed to Mexico. Dis annulatus also belongs to this
genus if it really differs from O. hopffert.

The club of the antenne is more pointed in this genus than in Pyrrhopyge or any of

2M 2

268 RHOPALOCERA.

the allied forms. The middle and lower discocellulars of the primaries are more nearly
at right angles to the axis of the wing than in the other genera of this subfamily, the
first, second, and third subcostal branches lie close together, the second and third
submedian segments are subequal ; the cell of the secondaries is very long, the median
side being much longer than the costal side, the discocellular is convex towards the
base, and meets the median at the origin of its second branch. The hind tibie have a
dorsal ridge of hairs. On the upper surface the male has a small tuft of hairs near
the base of the submedian nervure of the secondaries.

1. Oxynetra hopfferi. (Tab. LXXIV. fig. 18 3.)
Oxynetra hopfferi, Staud. Exot. Tagf. p. 294, t. 99°.

Alis chalybeo-nigro; anticis fascia mediana lata semihyalina venis quadripartita a vena subcostali per cellulam
usque ad venam submedianam extensa, posticis macula mediana bifida punctisque binis ultra eam semi-
hyalinis: subtus ut supra, posticis saturatioribus maculisque duabus bene separatis, infra venam medianam
glaucescentibus ; capite nigro albo punctato, tegulis ad basin macula rufa notatis, abdomine rufo cincto,
palpis et pectore albis, abdomine subtus albo punctato.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (fibde !).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us his unique type of this very distinct species, which,
though evidently a typical Oxynetra, differs in many respects both from O. semthyalina
and O. felderi. The large hyaline spot of the primaries, except for the nervures, is
entire, and there is no subtriangular spot beyond it in the direction of the apex, a
feature possessed by both the other species. The abdomen above is also distinctly
banded with rufous, which is not the case in either 0. felderi or O. semihyalina.

The genitalia of the male of 0. felderi differ in many respects from those of any
other member of this subfamily which we have examined. The tegumen is very short
and terminates in two claw-like hooks, and there are no lateral lobes or spines; the
scaphium is distinctly chitinized. The harpagones are complicated structures, having
a strong terminal upturned, but not recurved, hook, from its dorsal edge a curved rod
runs backwards and is suddenly bent into a hook; this inner hook falls within the disc

of the each harpago. (See Tab. LX XIV. fig. 19.)

2. Oxynetra annulata. (Tab. LXXIV. fig. 209.)
Dis annulatus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. sér. 6, ix. p. clxxxiv (1889) *.

Alis nigricanti-fuscis unicoloribus, posticis ciliis ad angulum analem albo intermixtis: subtus ut supra, posticis
viridi tinctis; corpore chalybeo-cyaneo, abdomine segmentis duobus proximis rufo notatis; capite nitide
cyaneo albo punctato, punctis duabus ad basin antennarum, una inter eas et duabus post oculos; palpis,
pectore et maculis abdominalibus albis.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the type of this interesting species, the only one
that has been hitherto obtained; it is apparently a female, and, having regard to this

OXYNETRA. 269

surmise, we are inclined to believe that it may possibly prove to be the female of
Oxynetra hopfferi.

In favour of this view we find that the two types agree accurately in the smallness
of the head and eyes, in the position and colour of the spots on the head, and in the
colour of the palpi, breast, and under portion of the abdomen. The rufous rings of
the body are restricted to the basal segments, as in Orynetra felderi. Against this
supposition is the great difference in the coloration and shape of the wings, which have
no diaphanous spots, and the secondaries are much more rounded, perhaps purely sexual
characters. The thorax and abdomen are apparently more compressed, but this is
perhaps due to the specimen having been crushed, and there is no rufous spot on the
anterior portion of the tegule as in the other species.

The position of this insect can only be finally settled by the receipt of more specimens ;
in the meantime we have no hesitation in placing M. Mabille’s genus Dis as a synonym
of Oxynetra of Felder. The difference in the shape of the antenne referred to by
~M. Mabille is of no consequence. ‘The curvature is not symmetrical in the type nor in
any of the specimens of Oxynetra before us.

Subfam. HESPERIINA.
Hesperiine, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, pp. 9, 15.

In this subfamily Mr. Watson places all the species of Hesperiide in which the
males have a costal fold to the primaries, all those in which the lower discocellular is
longer than the middle discocellular, and those which extend their wings in life in one
plane. There are exceptions to all these points, but where one of them fails one or
more of the others indicate the true position of the genus. No species with a discal
stigma belongs to this subfamily.

Mr. Watson further divides his Hesperiine into two sections, and defines them as
follows :—

SECTION A.

Club of the antenne usually bent into a hook, but sometimes sickle-shaped and always
terminating in a fine point. The third joint of the palpi is either minute and
almost buried in the long scales of the second joint or else directed forwards
horizontally, but never curved backwards as in some Pamphiline. The cell of the
primaries is always more than two-thirds of the length of the costa. The disco-
cellulars are usually very oblique, the lower radial is nearly equidistant from the
median and upper radial, but the middle discocellular is usually shorter than the
lower, except when these two nervures make a very acute angle with the subcostal,
and the cell is then abnormally long.

Nearly all the genera of this section belong exclusively to the New World, the large
majority inhabiting Tropical America. ”

270 RHOPALOCERA.

a. Hind tibie with two pairs of spurs (except in Tarsoctenus and Casyapa, which
have peculiar antenne).

a’. Terminal joint of the palpi minute.

EUDAMUS.

Eudamus, Swainson, Zool. Ill. ser. 2, ii. t. 48 (1831); Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, pp. 16, 20.
Polythriz, Watson, P. Z. S. 1898, pp. 16, 19.

The type of this genus is Papilio proteus, Linn., one of the commonest and most
widely distributed of the Hesperiide in Tropical America.

The antenne are bent to a hook just beyond the thickest part of the club, and then
taper to a sharp point. The male usually has a costal fold, which, however, is absent
in some species specified below; the cell of the primaries is very long, the discocellulars
oblique, and there is a recurrent nervure from the median a little before the end of the
cell ; the second, third, and fourth segments of the subcostal are subequal; the second
segment of the median is more than twice as long as the third ; in the secondaries the
submedian is produced to form a tail of varying length; the discocellular meets the
median at the origin of the second branch.

E. zilpa and its immediate allies are aberrant, inasmuch as the cell of the primaries is
very long and the discocellulars are not so oblique; the recurrent nervure starts from
the median much nearer the origin of the second branch, and the discocellular of
the secondaries meets the median beyond the second median branch. .

Eudamus isa purely Neotropical genus, though one or two species pass into the
southern limits of the Nearctic area. Mr. Watson says that forty species are repre-
sented in the British Museum, but this number must fall considerably short of the
actual total. We recognize twenty-seven species as occurring within our limits; these
are distributed over the whole area from our northern frontier southwards.

A. No pencils of hairs on any portion of the wings of the male, and no special
sexual distinction on the wings other than a costal fold. (Hudamus.)

a. Transverse diaphanous band of the primaries either a nearly uniform continuous line

or absent altogether ; the spot (when present) between the median nervure and its
second branch close to or absorbed in the band.

1. E. stmpuicius section. Tail of secondaries long.

1. Kudamus simplicius. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 1¢.)
Papilio simplicius, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Ex. p. 171, t. 39. ff. 6, 6B’.

EUDAMUS. 271

Thymele simplicius, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Se. iv. p. 68 ”.
Goniurus simplicius, Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. lv. No. 3, p. 2°.
Goniurus gracilicauda, Plotz, loc. cit. *.

Alis murinis fere unicoloribus; anticis fascia transversa plus minusve obsoleta, nonnunquam absente, a costa
per cellulam transeunte semihyalina, maculis quoque subapicalibus (quatuor aut minus, interdum obso-
letis) costam approximantibus, in linea recta positis, ejusdem coloris: subtus ut supra squamis sparsis
ochraceis notatis, posticis fasciis duabus transversis fuscescentibus—una per cellulam, sepe interrupta, altera
discali integra, macula quoque basali ejusdem coloris; capite et corpore supra alis concoloribus, palpis

. albicantibus squamis fuscis intermixtis ; plica costali obvia.

? mari similis, anticis magis obtusis fascia et maculis semihyalinis magis distinctis, plica costali nulla.

Hab. NortH America, Texas and Arizona?.—Mexico, Sonora (W. H. Edwards 2),
Mazatlan (Forrer), Jalisco (Schumann), Sierra de Tepic in Jalisco (W. B. Richardson),
Rincon, Tierra Colorada, Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, Acaguizotla, and Acapulco in
Guerrero, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith), Jalapa and Coatepec (W. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. S.), Valladolid in Yucatan (G. F. Gawmer), Tehuantepec (fide Scudder 2) ;
British Honpvuras, Belize (Blancaneaux); Guatemaa (fide Scudder), Volcan de Santa
Maria (W. B. Richardson), Pacific coast (fF. D. G. & O. 8.), Guatemala city, San
Ger6nimo, Panima (G. C. Champion); Honpuras (Dyson); Nicaragua, Chontales
(Belt) ; Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion),
Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill (‘Leannan), Colon (A. H. Markham).—Sovutn AMERICA
generally, from Colombia to South Brazil and Paraguay.

Stoll’s description and figure of this species were based upon a specimen from
Surinam 1. We have several examples from the adjoining country of British Guiana
agreeing with the figure, and have no hesitation in applying Stoll’s name to them. A
large series from all parts of Tropical America in our possession proves that the species
has a very wide range, extending uninterruptedly from the borders of the United States
to South Brazil and Paraguay. On the whole there is little individual variation to be
traced, and this concerns chiefly the transverse hyaline band of the primaries and the
subapical spots. In some examples these are fairly well shown, but in others they are
obsolete, and can scarcely be seen. In the female this band seems to be always more
_ apparent.

The male in 4. simplicius has a costal fold to the primaries, and this is a character
separating it at once from that sex of EL. eurycles whatever the definition of the trans-
verse band of the former may be. Females of the two species can usually be distin-
guished by the outer margin of the secondaries in E. sémplicius being more rounded and
forming an angle rather than a curve where the tail commences.

In their male genitalia these two species present no differences. The tegumen
bifurcates into two well-defined points ; the extremity of the harpagones is rounded,
and has a spine pointing backwards and overhanging the dorsal fissure; the scaphium

is well developed. (See Tab. LXXYV. fig. 1.)

272 RHOPALOCERA.

2. Eudamus eurycles.
Urbanus fortis dorantes, Hibn. Samml. ex. Schm. i. t. 154. ff. 1, 3 (nec P. dorantes, Stoll)’.
Hesperia eurycles, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 730’.
Goniurus eurycles, Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. ix. No. 8, p. 3°.
Goniuris eurycles, Snellen, Tijdschr. v. Ent. xxx. p. 27, t. 2. ff. 2, 2a’.
Thymele sumichrasti, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. iv. p. 69”.
Goniurus simplicius, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 366° (nec Stoll).

Alis murinis, ciliis pallidioribus ; anticis fascia transversa angusta a costa per cellulam ultra ramum medianum
primum extendente semihyalina, maculis snbapicalibus quatuor aut quinque linea fere recta formante
costam vix attingente ejusdem coloris ; posticis medialiter pallidioribus cauda saturatiore : subtus anticis
ut supra, posticis squamis sparsis ochraceo-albis notatis, fasciis duabus irregularibus haud costam attin-
gentibus, interiore per cellulam plerumque interrupta, exteriore discali plerumque integra nigricanti-
brunneis, macula quoque basali coloris ejusdem ; capite et corpore supra alis concoloribus, palpis grisescen-
tibus squamis murinis notatis; plica costali nulla.

@ mari similis, alis anticis forsan magis obtusis.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Forrer), Sierra Madre de Tepic (W. B. Richardson),
Hacienda de la Imagen, Rincon, Venta de Zopilote and Acaguizotla, all in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla, Jalapa (IZ. Trujillo), Jalapa, Coatepec (Schaus),
Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac and Teapa (H. H. Smith), Tehuantepec (Sumichrast) ;
BritisH Honpuras, Belize (Blancaneaux); Guatemata, Zapote (Champion), Pacific coast,
Motagua Valley, San Geronimo (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ; Costa
Rica (Van Patten), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill (U*Leannan).
—Soutn America generally, from Colombia to the Argentine Republic.

Latreille’s name for this species was based upon Brazilian specimens obtained by
Langsdorft?. Both Papilo simplicius and P. dorantes of Stoll were included as
synonyms, though the detailed description applies only to the present insect as figured
by Hiibner as the male of P. dorantes}. Later writers have usually considered
Latreille’s title to be a synonym of Stoll’s P. simplicius; but this view is quite untenable,
for not only is the male of the present species destitute of the costal fold on the
primaries, but the secondaries have the outer margin less curved, and the transverse
hyaline band of the primaries (though a variable character) is always more clearly
defined. Of the other names quoted above, 7. sumichrasti of Scudder ® seems to be
certainly referable to E. eurycles; and G. simplicius of Butler and Druce ® also belongs
here from the evidence of the specimens before us.

The most characteristic figure of this species is that of Heer Snellen, accompanying
his paper on the Lepidoptera of Curacoa 4,

As will be seen from our list of localities, this species has an exceedingly wide range
over the whole of Tropical America. It is a common insect in Southern Mexico on
both sides of the Cordillera from the sea-level up to an elevation of 4000 or 5000
feet.

The male genitalia are almost exactly like those of E. simplicius, so that absence of

EUDAMUS. 273

the costal fold is the most trustworthy character to distinguish EZ. eurycles from that
species.

6. Transverse diaphanous band of the primaries composed of more or less isolated
spots; the spot between the median nervure and its second branch placed at a
distance from the rest.

a'. The spot between the median nervure of the primaries and its second branch
narrow (or absent, as well as the band itself, as in EL. chales).

d'. No transverse white band on the secondaries beneath.

a, Tails short or truncate.

2. KE. DORYSSUS section.

3. Kudamus doryssus.
Papilio orion, Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. 11. p. 20, t. 17. ff. 3,4 (nec Cramer) ’.
Eudamus doryssus, Swains. Zool. Ill. ser. 2, ii. t. 48. f. 2 (1831) ?.
Goniurus doryssus, Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. lv. No. 3, p. 16°.
Goniurus brachius, Geyer in Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schm. iv. p. 8, ff. 609, 610 (1832) *.
Goniurus nivosus, Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. lv. No. 3, p. 17?°.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis ; anticis fascia transversa angusta, fere recta, venis quadripartita et macula ultra eam
elongata semihyalinis, punctis tribus aut quatuor subapicalibus ad costam ejusdem coloris ; posticis brevi-
caudatis, cauda et margine externo juxta eam (margine suo interno valde irregulari) cum ciliis pro majore
parte albis: subtus ut supra, posticis saturatioribus, margine externo fere toto albo (limbo suo interno
magis regulari), linea angusta ad angulum apicalem nigricante interrupta; palpis fuscis, griseo intermixtis ;
plica costali obvia.

2 mari similis, plica costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Corosal (foe); Guate-
MALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson), Pacific coast, San Gerénimo (F. D. G.
& O. 8.), Panima (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (mus.
Staudinger).—Soutu AMERICA generally to South Brazil.

The descriptions and figures of Drury!, Swainson ?, and Geyer 4 all apply to this
species as distinguished from £. albimargo and E. nigricauda, the inner edge of the
white border of the secondaries being very irregular on the upperside. In other
respects all these three forms are very much alike, E. chales differing from them all in
having no hyaline spots on the primaries.

The range of £. doryssus is very extended, and though only found sparingly in the
Mexican State of Vera Cruz it spreads thence over the whole of Central America,
and over South America as far as South Brazil. Jn altitude it reaches an elevation
of 3000 or 4000 feet above sea-level.

The tegumen of the male genitalia is cleft vertically, and the scaphium well
developed. The end of the harpagones is obtuse, and the upper angle terminates in a

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1893. QN

274 RHOPALOCERA.

prominence, the inner angle of which is slightly produced : this projection forms the
outer edge of the dorsal fissure.

4. Eudamus albimargo.
Thymele albimargo, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, p. cexiii *.
Goniurus albimargo, Mab. & Vuill. Nov. Lep. p. 87, t. 5. £. 2 (1891) *,

E. dorysso persimilis, sed margine posticarum albo multo angustiore, limbo suo interno haud irregulari, colore
fusco alarum ad basin caude intrante.

Hab. Guaremaua, Yzabal, Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Panama ( fide
Mabille'), Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé).—SovutH AMERICA, from Colombia to Brazil! ?;
JAMAICA.

This species was separated from E. doryssus in 1875 by Mons. Mabille, his descrip-
tion being based upon a specimen stated, with doubt, to have come from Panama. In
their illustrated work the species is ascribed to Brazil. According to our determina-
tion both places are within the range of the species, which extends sparingly from
Guatemala to Brazil, and we possess specimens from a few localities scattered over this
wide area. |

The differences between EL. albimargo and E. doryssus are slight but fairly constant,
and the two forms, for the present at least, had best be kept separate.

5. Eudamus chales, sp. n. (Tab. LX XV. figg. 2, 3.)

E. dorysso proximus, sed alis anticis fere immaculatis, puncto costali ad apicem hyalino tantum notatis, posticis
fere ut in E. dorysso: subtus (margine posticarum externo albo excepto) immaculatis fuliginoso-nigris.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (H. H. Smith).

We have two male specimens of this species, which, though allied to £. doryssus,
differ in having immaculate primaries, the median diaphanous band being wholly
absent, and the subapical spots near the costa reduced to one or two obsolete points.
In the interior outline of the white margin of the secondaries, E. chales resembles
E. doryssus rather than E. albimargo ; the tail is much shorter though pure white.

6. Hudamus nigricauda.
Goniurus nigricauda, Mab.

Alis murinis, anticis fascia transversa angusta fere ut in EZ. albimargine, punctis quinque subapicalibus in linea
recta positis ; posticis immaculatis, cauda concolore, ciliis a margine externo medio ad angulum apicalem
albido: subtus ut supra, posticis saturatioribus fasciis valde indistinctis nigris notatis, margine externo
ad angulum apicalem cum ciliis attingente albis, ciliis ad caudam et angulum analem omnino fuscis ; plica
costali obvia.

Q mari similis, plica costali nulla.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Panama (Ribbe, in mus.
Staudinger).—CoLoMBIA.

EUDAMUS. 279

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us two specimens, a male and a female, of this species,
the former from Chiriqui, bearing the name of M. Mabille.

The male has no trace of the spot between the median nervure and its second branch,
and it is only very faintly shown in the female. In a specimen from Santa Marta,
Colombia, in our collection, this spot is more plainly visible, and it is still more clearly
shown in E. carmelita, to which species E. nigricauda is most nearly allied. From
£. carmelita it may be distinguished by having five subapical spots placed in a straight
line and forming a band parallel to the median band. In Z. carmelita there are only
four such spots, and they do not lie in a line.

3. E. CARMELITA section.

7. Kudamus cenis.
Eudamus cenis, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. ii. p. 67 (1868) °.
Goniuris cenis, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 493 ’.
Goniurus cenis, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 65, t. 25. f. 5°.

Alis murinis, anticis stria mediana transversa semihyalina, macula ultra eam et punctis tribus subapicalibus
quoque semihyalinis; posticis linea discali undulata obsoleta fusca: subtus anticis ut supra, maculis
omnibus fusco cinctis ; posticis fasciis tribus irregularibus et macula basali fuscis, ciliis fusco-albidis ;
cauda brevi; plica costali obvia.

Hab. Panama, David (Champion).—CoLomBIA ; VENEZUELA ? 3,

A single specimen taken by Mr. Champion agrees with others in our collection
from Colombia and Venezuela, and with Mr. Butler’s types of G. cenis. The latter
came from Dr. Kaden’s collection with the name cenis attached to them, and were
doubtless seen by Herrich-Schaffer.

In the markings of the underside of the secondaries this species resembles L. athesis,
Hew., and E. trebia, Méschl., and are of the same character as those of EF. dorantes.
The tails are quite short and the markings of the primaries quite different from those
of the last-named species. .

b'". Tails longer.

4, E. CHALCO section.

8. Eudamus chalco, (Tab. LXXV. fig. 4 ¢.)
Goniurus chalco, Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schm. ii. p. 22, ff. 313, 314 (1823).
Eudamus agesilaus, Swains. Zool. Ill. ser. 2, ii. t. 48. f. 1.

Alis saturate murinis; capite, thorace et alis ad basin nitente viridibus ; anticis fascia mediana lata per cellu-
lam venis quadripartita, macula subquadrata vix ultra eam et punctis tribus subcostalibus semihyalinis ;
posticis cauda et margine externo lato fere ad angulum apicalem pure albis: subtus pallidioribus, fascia
anticarum integra; posticis margine externo ad costam albo, macula fusca ad angulum apicalem, fascia

‘per cellulam indistincta fusca ; plica costali obvia ; palpis, oculorum ambitu infra et pectore albis.

9 mari similis, sed plica costali nulla.

2N2

276 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Panama, Calobre (Arcé), David (Champion), Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Stau-
dinger).—Cotompia; Lower Amazons; Brazi and ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

A wide-ranging species in South America, originally described from Brazil, and now
known to occur in the Argentine Republic, throughout the Valley of the Amazons, and
in Colombia. In our country it has not been traced beyond the limits of the State
of Panama. In its white tails it resembles L. doryssus, but they are longer, and with
the green head, body, and base of the wings at once distinguish it from that species.

The male genitalia are very like those of H. proteus; the tegumen is cleft vertically ;
the harpagones have a slight median dorsal depression, on the distal side of which is a
small thickened prominence, beyond which again the harpe is drawn to a blunt point.
(See Tab. LX XV. fig. 4.)

b". An ill-defined white transverse band on the secondaries beneath.
5. E. METOPHIS section.

9, Eudamus metophis.
Hesperia metophis, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 729°.
Eudamus metophis, Boisd. Sp. Gén. i. t. 13. f. 5°.

Alis murinis, ad basin leviter viridi-cxruleo lavatis, ciliis sordide albis ; anticis maculis quinque in linea trans-
versa positis, duabus parvis costalibus, una per cellulam, tertia maxima subquadrata inter ramos medianos,
quinta infra eam macula, altera angusta magis ad apicem inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum
semihyalinis, punctis quatuor subcostalibus ad apicem linea valde obliqua formante coloris ejusdem :
subtus anticis maculis hyalinis ut supra, linea hamata margini externo plus minusve parallela purpureo-
brunnea, plaga pallida inter eam et marginem externum ; posticis linea albida a costa ad caude basin
introrsum bene definita, extrorsum evanescente ; plica costali obvia.

_Hab. Mexico, Rinconada (Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan
(Gaumer).—Sovtn America, Venezuela to Brazil?.

Latreille’s description of this species was based upon a specimen sent him from
Brazil by Langsdorff!, and we have several examples from that country, including some
collected by Mr. H. H. Smith at Chapada in Matto Grosso. These agree with the
only specimens we have seen from our country, all of them from Mexico. The most
characteristic feature of the species is the white line on the underside of the
secondaries, which is sharply defined on the inside, but is gradually shaded off on
the outer side.

The male genitalia are almost exactly like those of . chalco.

EUDAMUS. 277

b'. The spot between the median nervure and its second branch large and subquadrate.
c'. Tails long.

ce". Secondaries without any white patch beneath, and without a distinct dark
subtriangular spot near the apex of the primaries.

6. E. proteus section. (Typical.)

10. Kudamus proteus. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 5 o.)
Papilio proteus, Linn. Mus. Ulv. p. 8837; Syst. Nat. i. p. 794°; Clerck, Icon. Ins. t. 42. f. 1°.
Urbanus fortis proteus, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schm. i. t. 155 *.
Goniurus proteus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 866°; Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. lv. No. 3.
p. 11°.
Eudamus proteus, Scudder, Butt. New Engl. ii. p. 1886".

Alis murinis ad basin viridibus aureo nitentibus, ciliis albidis fusco interruptis; anticis maculis quatuor in
linea transversa positis, quinta ultra eas subquadrata et punctis tribus ad apicem semihyalinis: subtus
pallidioribus, squamis ochraceis sparsim notatis ; anticis fusco nebulosis, posticis lineis duabus fuscis trans-
versis interiore per cellulam ad costam nonnunquam disrupta, nonnunquam integra, exteriore integra ;
plica costali obvia.

Var. a. Fascia transversa interna posticarum subtus ad costam disrupta. (£. proteus forma typica.)

Hab. Nortu America, Southern States ’.—Mexico, Mazatlan, Milpas (Morrer), Lake
Chapala and State of Jalisco (Richardson), Xucumanatlan, Rincon, Acaguizotla, Dos
Arroyos, Omilteme, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba
(H. J. Elwes), Jalapa (Trujillo), Coatepec and Paso de San Juan (Schaus), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith); Guatemata, San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. & O. S., Champion), Dueias,
Zapote (Champion) ; Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica (van Patten”),
San Francisco, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui and Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill
(McLeannan).—Sovtu AmERica generally to the Argentine Republic ; ANTILLES.

Var. 6, Fascia transversa interna posticarum subtus lata ad costam integra.

Hab. Muxtco, Mazatlan (Forrer), Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),
Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes) ; GuatEmaLa, Chisoy and Polochic
Valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo, Duefias, Zapote (Champion) ; Honxpuras
San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Costa Rica (van Patten), Irazu, Caché (fogers).—Souru
America to Peru.

Apart from EF. esmeraldus, which is examined below, £. proteus presents itself in
two forms almost wherever it is found. In one, the typical form, the inner of the two
dark bands of the secondaries beneath is split up near the costa into two isolated spots,
which lie just below the costal nervure. In the other this band is entire and widens out
on reaching the costal nervure, and at most shows a small cleft along its costal border.
This difference is not sexual, as we have males of both forms. As these present no
difference in their male genitalia, we do not think they can belong to different species.

E. proteus is.one of the commonest of the Hesperiide in Tropical America, and is

278 RHOPALOCERA.

found nearly everywhere in the more open country, from the sea-level to a height of at
least 5000 feet above it.

The male genitalia have an elongated tegumen, which is cleft vertically and ends in
two slightly depressed blunt points; the scaphium is well developed and also long; the
harpagones terminate in a blunt point, and there is a notch or fissure on the dorsal

edge. (See Tab. LXXYV. fig. 5.)

11. Eudamus esmeraldus. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 6 ¢.)
Goniurus esmeraidus, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 146°.

E. proteo similis, sed posticis subtus fasciis obscuris multo magis distincte impressis, maculis basalibus extror-
sum albido marginatis, fascia quoque discali ad angulum analem extrorsum albido limbata, genitalia maris
quoque differt.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemana, San Gerdénimo, Zapote
(Champion); Honpuras, Ruatan I. (G. F. Gawmer); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers) ;
Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—Soutn AMERIcA generally from Colombia
to the Amazons Valley ! and South Brazil.

This species is very like E. proteus in its typical form, where the interior of the two
dark bands of the secondaries beneath is split up into spots near the costa. It may,
however, be usually distinguished by the basal spots of this band and that part of
the outer band near the anal angle being edged on the outside with a whitish border.
This character would hardly justify its separation from /. proteus were it not supported
by a difference in the male genitalia, a very distinct truncate lobe arising from the
dorsal edge of the harpes just beyond the fissure (see Tab. LXXYV. fig. 6). We have
examined several specimens and find this a constant feature.

E. esmeraldus was described by Mr. Butler from a specimen captured by Mr. Trail
at Villa Bella, on the Amazons, on April 15, 18741. We now trace the species over a
wide area, which it occupies in common with E. proteus.

12. Kudamus dorantes. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 7 2.)
Papilio dorantes, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Ex. p. 172, t. 39. £. 9°.
Goniurus dorantes, Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. lv. No. 3, p. 10”.
Eudamus protillus, Herr.-Sch. Prodr. p. 63’.
Eudamus amisus, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 5*; Ex. Butt., Eudamus, ii. f. 10°.

E. proteo similis, sed supra alis omnino murinis haud viridi lavatis, posticis margine externo magis rotundato:
subtus posticis squamis purpureo-albis notatis fere ut in E. proteo bifasciatis, macula altera ad basin

subcostali nigricante; plica costali obvia.
Q mari similis, sed plica costali nulla.
Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Ciudad in Durango,
Mazatlan (forrer), Jalisco (Schumann), Sierra Madre, Tepic, Lake Chapala (Richardson),
Cuernavaca in Morelos, La Venta, Acapulco, Venta de Zopilote, Tierra Colorada,

EUDAMUS. 279

Rincon, and Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Misantla (F. D. G.), Cordova
(Hoge), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Jalapa, Coatepec, Rinconada (Schaus), Atoyac (Schumann,
H. H. Smith), Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Britisa Hon-
DuRAS, Corosal (Hoe), Belize (Blancaneaux); GuatemaLa, Zapote (Champion), Motagua,
Polochic, Chisoy, and Central Valleys (Ff. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras, Ruatan Island
(Gaumer); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Caché (Rogers) ;
Panama, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘ZLeannan).—Sovrn America to the Argentine
Republic.

An equally wide-ranging species with E. proteus, in company with which it is found
from Northern Mexico to the Argentine Republic, though in the West-Indian islands
it is represented by E. santiago, a slightly different species. Its vertical range in the
tropics extends from the sea-level to about 5000 feet.

The male genitalia resemble those of #. proteus, but there is a spine overhanging the
dorsal fissure. (See Tab. LXXV. fig. 7.)

d". Secondaries with a more or less obvious white discal patch or stripe.

7. K. ziupa section. A dark subtriangular spot near the apex of the primaries.

13. Eudamus zilpa. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 8 ¢.)
Goniurus zilpa, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 109, t. 40. f. 2*; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 366’.

Alis rufescenti-murinis, ad basin pallidioribus, ciliis pallide fuscis; anticis maculis quinque medianis quatuor
linea transversa formantibus, quinta exteriore flavo-hyalinis, punctis tribus costalibus ad apicem coloris
ejusdem: subtus fuscis; anticis ad apicem squamis cinereis notatis et lineis ferrugineo-fuscis irregulariter
ornatis, macula subtriangulari ad apicem hujus coloris; posticis maculis magnis albido cinctis in dimidio
basali quoque ferrugineo-fuscis, plaga magna irregulari discali alba introrsum fusco irrorata et maculis
magnis interrupta ; plica costali obvia.

@ mari similis, plica costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Ventanas (Forrer),
Acapulco, Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa, Coatepec, Rinconada
(Schaus), Atoyac (Schumann), Oaxaca (Fenochio); Guatema.a, Volcan de Santa Maria
(Richardson), Polochic Valley, Pacific Coast (F. D. G. & O. S§.); Costa Rica (Van
Patten'*); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé).

Mr. Butler described this species from specimens from Costa Rica 1, and we have now
traced it southwards into the State of Panama, and northwards through Guatemala
to Northern Mexico ; its range in altitude extending from the sea-level to a height of
4000 feet. Its relationship is clearly with E. catillus, from which it differs chiefly in
the shape of the white mark on the secondaries beneath, an obvious feature replaced
in the allied species by an indistinct dusky patch extending to the costa of the wing.

The male genitalia have a comparatively short tegumen cleft vertically at the end,

280 RHOPALOCERA.

the harpes are produced, ending in a blunt upturned point, the dorsal edge beyond the
fissure is concave and finely serrate to the end. (See Tab. LXXV. fig. 8.)

14. Eudamus catillus. (Tab. LXXV. figg. 9,10 ¢.)
Papilio catillus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 260. ff. F, G'.
Goniurus catillus, Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. lv. No. 8, p. 13°.
Telegonus tarchon, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 145°.
Papilio longicauda, Sepp, Pap. Surinam, ii. t. 90‘.

E. zilpe affinis, sed posticis subtus maculis magnis ferrugineo-fuscis indistinctis, plaga alba fuscescentiore
angustiore fere ad costam extendente distinguendus ; plica costali obvia.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Sovutn America from Colombia
to Brazil and Paraguay.

We follow other writers in considering the names P. catillus, Cramer, and 7. tarchon,
Hiibner, to refer to the same species, but Cramer’s figure compared with that of
Hiibner’s is far from satisfactory.

Our only authority for including the species within our fauna is a specimen in
Dr. Staudinger’s collection from Chiriqui, where the species appears to be found in
company with £. zlpa. ‘This Chiriqui example and others we possess from Northern
Colombia differ slightly from the typical Guiana form; the light band on the primaries
beneath is paler and straighter, but this difference cannot be considered of specific
value.

The range of £. catillus, as will be seen above, is very extensive, embracing nearly
the whole of South America.

The male genitalia differ considerably from those of E. zilpa, the harpagones are much
less produced and end in a sharp recurved spine, the dorsal fissure is shallow, and the
dorsal edge is not serrate beyond it. (See Tab. LX XV. fig. 10.)

15. Hudamus albofasciatus. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 11.)
Eudamus albofasciatus, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 3+; Ex. Butt., Eudamus, ii. f. 15”.
Goniurus albofasciatus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 366°.

E, zilpe similis, sed anticis macula mediana costali vix ulla, punctis subapicalibus in linea magis obliqua
positis: subtus posticis linea mediana alba distincta recta a costee medio ad caude basin ducta introrsum
nigro limbata ; plica costali obvia.

@ mari similis, plica costali nulla.

Hab. MrExtco \ Deppe), Lake Chapala, San Blas (Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann), Aca-
pulco, Hacienda de la Imagen, Dos Arroyos, and Rincon, in Guerrero (Hf. ZH. Smith),
Jalapa, Coatepec, Paso de San Juan (Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith),
Yucatan (mus. Staudinger); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); GuatEmata, Polochic
and Chisoy Valleys (f. D. G. & O. 8.), San Geronimo (Champion, F. D. G. & 0. 8.);
Honpuras (mus. Staudinger) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten).

EUDAMUS. 281

Though Hewitson described ! this well-marked species from specimens obtained by us
in Guatemala, it had long been represented in the Berlin Museum by examples procured
by Deppe in Southern Mexico. In the latter country we now know it to be common
in the lowlands bordering both oceans, and ascending the mountains to a height of
4000 feet.

In Guatemala it occurs under similar circumstances. The most southern point of its
range appears to be Costa Rica, where Van Patten found it.

The well-defined straight snow-white band on the underside of the secondaries renders
this species easy of recognition.

In Mr. Schaus’s collection there is a specimen taken at Coatepec in which the
primaries are wholly without the usual diaphanous spots.

The male genitalia of this species differ both from those of E. zilpa and E. catillus.
The harpagones terminate in an upturned truncate lobe, ending in diverging spines—

one directed outwards, the other inwards. (See Tab. LXXYV. fig. 11.)

8. E. aLcaus section. No dark subtriangular spot near the apex of the primaries.

16. Kudamus alceus. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 12 ¢.)
Eudamus alceus, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 3°; Ex. Butt., Eudamus, ii. f. 9°.
Goniurus alceus?, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 366°.

Alis brunneis ad basin ochraceis, cillis albidis fusco interruptis; anticis maculis sex notatis, una (duplici) costali,
tribus juxta eam in linea transversa positis, quinta ultra eas et sexta magis ad apicem supra venam medianam
flavo-hyalinis, punctis duobus aut tribus costalibus ad apicem et una ultra eos coloris ejusdem: subtus
fuscis purpureo tinctis et nebulosis, anticis maculatis ut in pagina superiore, posticis fasciis tribus plus
minusve margini externo parallelibus, venis trisectis saturate purpureo-brunneis; plaga magna subovali
margini externo subparalleli prope caudz basin alba; palpis albis; abdomine albo regulariter cincto; plaga
costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Rinconada (Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Rtimeli); Guatn-

MALA, Polochic valley, Pacific coast (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.); Nicaracua (mus. Hewitson) ;

Costa Rica (Van Patten*); Panama, Calobre, Chiriqui (Arcé).—Ecuapor.

Described by Hewitson from a Nicaraguan specimen, and now known to be generally
distributed over a large portion of Central America from Southern Mexico to Panama.
There is a specimen in the Hewitson collection said to have come from Ecuador.

This species has no near allies that we are acquainted with, the position of the white
discal patch near the base of the tails on the underside of the secondaries and the
arrangement of the hyaline spots of the primaries render it easy of recognition.

__ E. alceus is a species of the lowlands, and is probably limited in its range to an
altitude of 2000 feet and under.

The male genitalia have the harpagones very truncate, an upturned spine proceeds
from the further edge of the dorsal fissure, beyond which the harpagones terminate in
a slightly concave, almost perpendicular, edge. (See Tab, LXXV. fig. 12.)

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. Il., May 1893. 20

282 RHOPALOCERA.

d'. Tails short, truncate.

9, E. RIDENS section.

17. Eudamus ridens. (Tab. LXXV. figg. 13, 14, 15 ¢.)
Eudamus ridens, Hew. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, xviii. p. 349°.

Alis purpureo-fuscis ; anticis plaga magna centrali quinquepartita fascia arcuata subapicali sexpartita hyalinis ;
posticis obscurioribus, macula mediana bipartita, plaga elongata cirrosa marginem internum versus et ciliis
albis: subtus anticis ut supra, posticis plaga mediana alba magis elongata, punctis nigricantibus duobus
includente ; palpis et oculorum ambitu infra albis ; plica costali obvia.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe 1).

A beautiful species, the only specimens of which have been taken by Dr. Staudinger’s
collectors. It has no very near ally; the white median band on the upperside of the
secondaries is peculiar to the species.

The male genitalia have a spine on the distal side of the dorsal fissure of the
harpagones slightly leaning backwards, a shallow depression beyond it, and then some
sharp points on the bend of the rounded end. (See Tab. LXXV. fig. 15.)

18. Eudamus miltas, sp.n. (Tab. LXXV. figg. 18, 19.)

Alis murinis ad basin viridi-ochraceo leviter lavatis ; anticis fascia lata mediana venis quinquepartita, quarum
tertia a costa maxima, ea juxta eam extrorsum parva, punctis quatuor subapicalibus omnibus semihyalinis ;
posticis brevicaudatis, ciliis albis: subtus anticis ut supra, area interna ad angulum analem albida; posticis
maculis sex indistinctis fuscis in linea arcuata coste et margini externo subparallelibus, macula altera ad
cellule: finem quoque fusca, macula elongata albida prope caudex basin.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Schaus).

A single specimen of this distinct species in Mr. Schaus’s collection is the only one we |
have seen. Without actual dissection its position must remain somewhat uncertain, but
from external characteristics it seems best placed here, though it has some characters
suggestive of a relationship to &. auginus.

19. Eudamus crison, sp. n. (Tab. LXXV. figg. 16, 17.)

Alis viridi-nigricantibus ; anticis fascia lata transversa venis quinquepartita a coste medium ad angulum
analem transeunte hyalina undique nigro limbata, maculis tribus margini externo subparallelibus et
quatuor elongatis subapicalibus quoque hyalinis; posticis saturatioribus, fasciis duabus indistinctis
maculosis, una ad cellule finem altera discali viridibus: subtus anticis fere ut supra; posticis fasciis
viridibus magis distinctis et ad angulum analem confluentibus ; palpis griseis.

Hab. Guatemaa, Cerro Zunil (Champion).

A single specimen, somewhat damaged as regards the anal angle of the secondaries,
apparently a female, is all that we have seen of this beautiful species. It was captured
by Mr. Champion on the slopes of Cerro Zunil at an altitude of about 4000 feet above
the sea.

EUDAMUS. 983

c. The median diaphanous spots of the primaries gathered into a more or less
contiguous group.

10. E. ast section. No white patch on the middle of the secondaries beneath.

20. Eudamus asine.
Eudamus asine, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 5°.

Alis murinis; anticis maculis quatuor medianis, una costali parva, altera in cellula et duabus infra eam,
punctis quatuor subapicalibus in linea fere recta positis, hyalinis, maculis tribus nigris infra ramum
medianum primum duabus approximantibus, tertia basin propiore; posticis fasciis indistinctis, duabus
maculosis, una discali altera cellulari; ciliis sordide albis: subtus ut supra, area interna anticarum
pallida ; plica costali obvia.

_ Hab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan, Tres Marias Islands (Forrer), Jalisco (Schumann),
Dos Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote, Acapulco, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan
(Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); GuaTEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria
(Richardson), Polochic and Motagua valleys (7. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaracua!; Costa
Rica, Caché, Irazu (Rogers).

Hewitson’s type of this species came from Nicaragua, but whether from Belt’s
collection or not we are not informed. We have many examples of both sexes from
Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica, so that the species has a wide range in our
country. In the position of the hyaline spots of the primaries, #. asine resembles
both E. auginus and E. octomaculata, but the black spots above the submedian nervure
readily enable us to distinguish E. asine from the allied forms. Two of these are
placed immediately below the central hyaline band, and the third is halfway between
them and the base of the wing. In #. auginus the spots are absent; in £. octomaculata
there are only two, which are much less distinct, and the outermost placed much nearer
the anal angle.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen, the two points diverging considerably ; the
harpagones end in a well-defined upturned hook.

21. Hudamus auginus. (Tab. LXXV. fig. 26 ¢.)
Eudamus auginus, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 6 (1867)"; Ex. Butt., Eudamus, ii. f. 137.
Eudamus ceculus, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. iii. p. 62 (1868) °*.

E. asine similis, sed anticis maculis nigris supra venam submedianam nullis, maculis hyalinis anticarum
medianis majoribus, ea ad costam absente: subtus posticis interdum fascia obsoleta albida, submarginali
et interdum cum capite et corpore viridi lavatis; plica costali in mare obvia.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemaa, Zapote (Champion); Nicaragua,
Chontales (Belt); Panama, David (Champion).—Amazons VALLEY and Braziu.

Hewitson’s type of this species came from the Amazons Valley !, and we have speci-
mens from Para collected by Mr. Bates, and others from Chapada in Matto Grosso by
Mr. H. H. Smith. None of these have the green patch on the secondaries beneath or

202

284 RHOPALOCERA.

the light pale submarginal band quite so strongly shown as in Hewitson’s figure; but
they agree with our Central-American examples, and we have no doubt all belong to
the same species.

We have a specimen from the Kaden collection purporting to be a type of Herrich-
Schiaffer’s E. ceculus ; it clearly belongs to Hewitson’s #. auginus.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in a short blunt point cleft at the end,
near which on either side is a short blunt semi-erect projection; the harpagones have
a rounded end, near which, on the dorsal edge, is a prominent lobe, carrying a short
point on the inner edge. (See Tab. LXXV. fig. 26.)

22. Hudamus auginulus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXV. figg. 20, 21, 22 ¢.)

E. augino similis, sed capite et corpore supra murinis haud viridi lavatis, punctis subapicalibus irregulariter
positis, medio minimo ab apice quam ceteris magis distante ; plica costali obvia.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan (Schaus); Guatemata, Zapote (Champion).

We have two specimens of this butterfly before us; they appear at first sight to be
inseparable from E. auginus of Hewitson, but there is no trace of green on the head,
body, or secondaries beneath ; likewise the subapical spots are only three in number
instead of four, and the middle one is very small, thus rendering their position
irregular.

The male genitalia differ in many respects from those of the other species of this
group; the tegumen is cleft at the end into two truncate tooth-like points; the
scaphium is well-developed and upturned; the harpagones end in a blunt point, on
the dorsal edge near the base is a prominent tooth, the point directed outwards, and at
the base of the disc a lobe with strong serrations. (See Tab. LX XV. fig. 22.)

23. Kudamus octomaculatus. (Tab. LX XV. fig. 23 3.)
Hesperia octomaculata, Sepp, Pap. Surinam, i. t. 58 (1848) *.
Eudamus calenus, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 99, f. 3 (1888) ?.

Alis murinis ; anticis maculis tribus medianis, una costali bifida, altera in cellula, tertia infra eam, puncto
extra eas et tribus subapicalibus semihyalinis; maculis duabus indistinctis fuscis supra venam sub-
medianam, una ad angulum analem, altera mediana; posticis fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscis, una discali,

altera cellulari; ciliis sordide albis : subtus fere ut supra, area interna anticarum pallida ; palpis et pectore
flavido-albis ; plica costali nulla.

Hab. Muxico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua (Tiirckheim, mus. Staudinger 2) ;
PANAMA (£ibbe). —Guiana; Amazons VALLEY and Brazit.

There can be little doubt that our specimens referred to above belong to the species
described by Sepp as H. octomaculata, but whether Goniuris decussata of Ménétriés
from Haiti is referable to the same insect is questionable. In the absence of specimens
from the typical country we are inclined to think not, as Ménétriés’s figure shows no
indication of the small hyaline spot outside the central band of the primaries, which i 18
present in all our specimens and in Sepp’s figure.

EUDAMUS. 285

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us his type of Hudamus calenus, Mabille, and we find
that it agrees accurately with our series of EL. octomaculatus.

The male genitalia have a rather long tegumen cleft at the end, but without lateral
lobes; the scaphium is well developed and turned downwards; on the harpagones
there is a concave depression towards the end of the dorsal edge, finely serrate and
ending in a blunt point directed slightly upwards. (See Tab. LX XV. fig. 23.)

11. E. aucrpHron section. A large white patch on the middle of the secondaries
beneath.

24. Eudamus alciphron, sp.n. (Tab. LXXV. figg. 24, 25.)

E. octomaculate similis, sed posticarum cauda longiore et subtus plaga magna discali extrorsum late fusco
marginata alba distinguenda.

Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Coatepec in Vera Cruz (Schaus).

We have but a single specimen of this species, apparently a female, which differs
obviously from E. octomaculata, the large white spot on the secondaries beneath
rendering it very distinct. A second in the collection of Mr. Schaus precisely
resembles the type.

B. A pencil of hair at the base of the submedian nervure of the primaries of the male
beneath, the costa of the secondaries being strongly arched at the base; or a pencil

of hair between the median and submedian nervures of the secondaries above near
the base. (Polythrix, Wats.)

d. A pencil of hair at the base of the submedian nervure of the primaries of the male
beneath. (Polythriz.)

95. Eudamus metallescens. (Tab. LXXV. figg. 27, 28, 29 2.)
Eudamus metallescens, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 108, f. 2 (1888) '.

Alis murinis ad basin viridi lavatis; anticis maculis quatuor medianis, una subquadrata in cellula, una utrinque
rami mediani secundi et una obsoleta infra eas ochracea hyalinis punctis quatuor costalibus ad apicem:
subtus anticis maculis ut supra, area interna albida, area supra venam submedianam cirrosa, coste basi et
posticis plerumque aureo-viridibus ; posticis linea margini externo subparallela flavo-albida ; capite et
corpore plerumque cum palpis viridibus; plica costali obvia.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger), San Miguel, Pearl Islands
(Champion).—Amazons VALLEY ?.

Our specimen agrees with one lent us by Dr. Staudinger, which has been named by
Mons. Mabille, doubtless from the type which came from Maues in the Amazons
Valley 1. Our example, however, is small, and when perfect would have possessed
longer tails; these unfortunately are now broken. It possesses the peculiar tuft of
hairs which is attached to the underside of the primaries between the median and

286 RHOPALOCERA.

submedian nervures. This character separates E. metallescens from KE. metophis and
other species having a white line on the secondaries beneath, to which it otherwise
bears much general resemblance.

The type of E. metallescens is afemale. We have a precisely similar specimen from
British Guiana, and there is another in the British Museum from Honduras.

The male genitalia of . metallescens have a lobe on the ventral edge of the tegumen
on either side, the terminal point is short; the distal portion of the harpagones is
narrow, and has a rounded end thickly set with a row of sharp teeth. (See Tab. LXXV.
fig. 29.)

e. A pencil of hair between the median and submedian nervures of the secondaries
above near the base.

26. Kudamus undulatus, (Tab. LXXV. fig. 30 3.)

Eudamus undulatus, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 4’; Ex. Butt., Eudamus, ii. f.167; Mabille & Vuillot,
Nov. Lep. p. 18, ii. ff. 4, 5°.

Alis murinis; anticis maculis tribus subquadratis, una in cellule medio, ceteris ramo mediano secundo
utrinque, alteris quatuor aut quinque subapicalibus flavo-hyalinis, ciliis sordide flavis fusco interruptis :
subtus murinis, anticis maculis hyalinis ut supra, area costali et margine externo nigro irroratis, macula
magna nigra subapicali setis albidis notata; posticis undique nigro irroratis et maculis magnis nigris
irregulariter notatis ; plica costali nulla,

Hab. MExivo, Presidio (Forrer), Rio Papagaio, Dos Arroyos, Rincon, Acapulco, all in
Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Rinconada, Coatepec, Paso de San Juan
(Schaus); Guatemaua, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.), Zapote (Champion); Panama,
Chiriqui (Aibbe, in mus. Staudinger), David (Champion).—Co.LomBIA; VENEZUELA;
Brazit. |

The locality of Hewitson’s type of this species was not recorded, but we have a
large series of specimens agreeing with this type from all parts of tropical America,
from Western Mexico in the north to Southern Brazil. These are remarkably uniform
in their coloration, a slight variation occurring in the size, shape, and number of the
median spots of the primaries. In many examples there is no spot below the first
median branch, in others a distinct one exists, in others, again, it is evanescent. There
appears to be no costal fold in the male of this species, and in the coloration of the
underside of the wings E. undulatus resembles LE. orion.

. undulatus is apparently a common insect throughout Southern Mexico, chiefly in
the lowlands bordering both oceans. We found it in similar places in Guatemala up
to an.elevation of 3000 feet.

The male genitalia of E. undulatus have a simple tegumen with a short single

central point; the harpagones are blunt, with a short tooth near the end of the dorsal
edge. (See Tab. LXXV. fig. 30.)

EUDAMUS.—GONTURUWS. 287

27. Eudamus stylites.

Eudamus stylites, Herr.-Schiff. Prodr. iii. p. 63 (1868) 1; Mab. & Vuill. Nov. Lep. p. 11, t. 2. ff. 2, 3 .
(1890) *

Goniurus stylites, Plétz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. lv. No. 3, p. 5 (1880) *.

Alis murino-brunneis ; anticis fascia mediana tripartita costam haud attingente, macula discali ultra eam
angusta et punctis quatuor subapicalibus in linea obliqua positis flavo-hyalinis ; posticis penicillo fusco,
ciliis albidis: subtus anticis fere ut in EZ. undulato, area interna ochraceo-albida ; posticis fasciis duabus
irregularibus fuscis notatis ad costam convergentibus, maculis duabus basalibus ad costam, inter fascias
purpureo-fuscis albido atomatis ; plica costali nulla.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—CotomBia (apud Mabille &
Vuillot) ; Amazons VALLEY ; Braziu (apud Plotz).

We retain this name of Herrich-Schaffer’s for a Chiriqui specimen in Dr. Stau-
dinger’s collection, which has been kindly lent to us for examination. M. Mabille,
having no doubt compared it with the type, has named it as a subvariety of E. stylites,
a species he deems, in his work above quoted, somewhat variable in its markings.
Plotz is the only writer who refers to the tuft of hairs on the hind wings above; but
he does not mention their colour, which is of importance in discriminating these closely-
allied forms. The Chiriqui specimen has this tuft brown, like the rest of the upper
surface of the wings, as in L. undulatus. Others have it tawny.

GONIURUS.
Goniurus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 104 (1816) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 20.

Mr. Watson keeps this genus separate from Hudamus, but its distinctness is open to
question. ‘The neuration of G. celus, the type of Goniurus, is almost exactly like that
of EL. proteus, the type of Eudamus. The third median segment is rather longer in the
former, but this is of little importance; the antennae, palpi, and legs being alike in both
forms. There remains only the shape of the secondaries, which are not tailed to the
same extent in G. clus as in EL. proteus; but this, again, is a variable character within
the limits of the former species.

— G. celus is the only species of Goniurus according to Mr. Watson; but as G. talus
agrees in every structural feature (including, to a great extent, the male genitalia) with
G. celus, we remove it from Epargyreus and place it here.

1. Goniurus celus. (Tab. LXXVI. fig. 1 ¢.)

Papilio celus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 343. ff. C, D.

Eudamus aurunce, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 8; Ex. Butt., Eudamus, f. 20.

Alis murinis ad basin cum corpore toto viridi lavatis; anticis maculis quatuor fascia transversa formantibus,
macula ultra eas et punctis quatuor costalibus ad apicem in linea perobliqua positis ochraceo-hyalinis :
subtus pallidioribus viridi vix lavatis; anticis ut supra, posticis purpureo tinctis et linea discali a vena
costali ad venam submedianam extensa nivea, ciliis pallide fuscis; plica costali obvia.

2 mari similis, sed plica costali nulla.

288 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa, Coatepec, Rinconada (Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid
in Yucatan (Gawmer); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe) ; Guatemaa, Volcan de Santa
Maria (Richardson); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—
SoutH AMERICA from Colombia to South Brazil.

All our specimens from the State of Vera Cruz have a very bright shade of green on
the upper surface and a paler tint of the same colour on the under surface ; in more
southern examples the green of the upper surface is not nearly so bright, and nearly,
if not entirely, wanting beneath. ‘The transverse white band, too, on the underside of
the secondaries varies considerably in width: in our Mexican specimens it is wide, as
in Cramer’s figure; our Guatemalan specimens vary in this respect, and great diversity
is found in our series from more southern districts. So, too, with the tails, which vary
from a just perceptible tooth to a fairly defined tail.

The male genitalia have a short terminal point to the tegumen, the scaphium being
long, nearly straight, and well-developed; the harpagones have a deep fissure on the
dorsal edge, just in front of which is a series of teeth set backwards; the end of the
harpagones is rounded, and there is a ventral line in the middle of the disc with a tooth
in the middle. (See Tab. LX XVI. fig. 1.)

2. Goniurus talus. (Tab. LXXVI. fig. 2.)
Papilio taius, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 176. f. D’.
Eudamus talus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1881, p. 501°.
Epargyreus talus, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 24°.

Alis fusco-brunneis ; anticis ad basin, posticis fere omnino, capite et corpore late viridibus ; anticis fascia
transversa venis quadripartita (macula ad costam bifida), macula subquadrata ultra eam et punctis tribus
semihyalinis : subtus ochraceo-brunneis ad basin viridi lavatis ; anticis ut supra; posticis maculis duabus
discalibus indistinctis ochraceis; palpis albis, squamis viridibus intermixtis; abdomine albido trans-
fasciato.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Ff. D. G., W. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Nicaraaua,

Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten).—Cotompia ; Guiana}; Amazons VALLEY ;

Cuba; Hartt; Porto Rico.

G. talus was described by Cramer from Surinam specimens!; it was found by Bates
throughout the Amazon Valley, and it occurs in Colombia and some of the larger West-
Indian Islands. In our country it appears to be comparatively scarce, its northern
limit extending to Jalapa in the State of Vera Cruz. |

On the upper surface G. talus closely resembles G. cwlus of Cramer, but may at onc:
be distinguished by the absence of the broad straight white line on the under surfac.
of the secondaries of the latter insect.

The male genitalia resemble those of G. calus as regards the harpagones, and in thi
respect are also like those of Hudamus proteus ; the tegumen and scaphium differ, th

GONIURUS.—PLESTIA. 289

former in its long slender points, and the latter in being much shorter. (See Tab.
LXXVI. fig. 2.) |

PLESTIA.
_Plestia, Mabille, Le Nat. x. p. 146, f. 1 (1888); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 21.

This genus contains, so far as at present known, three species, whereof P. staudingert
is the type, and one we describe below as new. All of them occur in Mexico or
Guatemala.

The antenne are sickle-shaped, the club being gradually curved and ending in a fine
point. They thus differ from those of Hudamus, in which the antenne are abruptly
bent backwards near the tip. The third median segment of the primaries is very short,
and the recurrent nervure starts from its extremity; the secondaries have a lobe-like
projection at the anal angle. ‘The tibiz of all the legs are densely hairy.

1. Plestia staudingeri. (Tab. LXXVI. figg. 3, 43.)
Plestia staudingeri, Mabille, Le Nat. x. p. 146, f. 1°.

Alis brunneis; anticis macula in cellula, altera costali, tertia infra eam, serie submarginali (maculis infima et

mediana bifidis, tertia ad apicem singula), punctis tribus alteris costalibus ochraceo-hyalinis, ciliis alterne

~ fuscis et ochraceo-albis; posticis maculis irregularibus discalibus ochraceis, ciliis ut in anticis: subtus,

anticis maculis hyalinis ut supra, ad apicem ochraceo variegatis, area interna pallide ochracea; posticis

fasciis tribus valde irregularibus et maculosis, una basali extrorsum ochraceo limbata, secunda per cellulam,
tertia discali extrorsum late ochraceo marginata; palpis et pectore pallide ochraceis; plica costali obvia.

Hab. Guatemata! (von Tiirckheim, in mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the type of this distinct species, which was sent to
him by Herr von Tiirckheim probably from the neighbourhood of Coban in Vera Paz.
We never met with this species ourselves, though we have allied forms from Mexico
and Arizona mentioned below.

2. Plestia elwesi, sp. n. (Tab. LXXVI. figg. 5, 6, 74.)

P. staudingeri similis, sed anticis maculis duabus alteris submarginalibus vena radiali inferiore utrinque positis ;
g ’
posticis maculis discalibus pallidioribus, cauda minus elongata: subtus fasciis nigris melius definitis, area
inter fasciam discalem et fasciam per cellulam fere omnino pallide ochracea, distinguenda.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. J. Elwes).
Mr. Elwes captured a single male specimen of this species at Orizaba in March
1888, from which our description is taken. The species is clearly closely allied to

P. staudingeri.
The male genitalia are very similar to those of Hudamus simplicius ; the harpagones
have a rounded end, and there is a sharp spine turned backwards at the top of the

further edge of a deep dorsal fissure. (See Tab. LXXVI. fig. 7.)

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1893. 2p

290 RHOPALOCERA.

3. Plestia dorus. (Tab. LXXVI. figg. 8,92.)
Eudamus dorus, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, 1. p. 140’.
Plestia dorus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 21, t. 3. f. 4”.

Alis anticis ut in P. staudingeri maculatis; posticis maculis quatuor discalibus venis separatis semihyalinis :
subtus anticis ad apicem et posticis omnino glauco atomatis, fascia basali nigra vix ulla, fascia discali .
medialiter maculis hyalinis pagine superioris interrupta ; plica costali obvia.

@ mari similis, sed plica costali nulla.

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona 1.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

We have two males and a female of this species, all obtained by Morrison when
collecting along the northern frontier of our region. The same collector supplied
Mr. Edwards with the types of his description. The species was first placed in the
genus Eudamus, but we have no doubt it is strictly congeneric with Plestia staudingeri,
the type of which is before us.

TARSOCTENUS.
Tarsoctenus, Watson, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 21.

The antenne in this genus resemble those of the members of Phocides, having a
moderate club and ending ina slender terminal hook. The palpiare densely scaled and
the terminal joint more prominent than in the allied genus. There is a costal fold to
the primaries, the cell of which is long, exceeding two-thirds of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are only slightly oblique ; the third median segment is not much shorter
than the second segment; the secondaries have a distinct anal lobe; the discocellular
meets the median at the origin of its second branch, the subcostal branch starting before
the end of the cell; the hind tibiz are very short and have only one pair of terminal
spurs in the male—one of these is very long, and on the underside of the proximal tarsal
joint on either side is a comb of curved reddish-orange bristles, which, when the tibia
and tarsus are extended in a line, enclose the long spur. (See ‘ab. LX XVI. fig. 13.)

The genus contains about seven or eight species, all of them belonging to the Tropical
American fauna, the State of Panama being the extreme northern limit of its range,
three species occurring in that district.

The coloration of the members of this genus is very diverse, all the species having a
colour-resemblance to some species of Pyrrhopyge or Phocides.

a. Upperside black, with the body and base of the wings tawry yellow; underside black.

1. Tarsoctenus gaudialis, (Tab. LXXVI. figg. 10, 11, 12, 13¢.)
Erycides gaudialis, Hew. Ent. Monthly Mag. xii. p. 250'.

£. corytas similis, sed alis ad basin magis fulvescentibus, anticis fascia mediana angustiore, fascia ultra eam
bifida multo magis obvia punctisque quinque semihyalinis ad angulum apicalem, squamis paucis ceruleis
ad marginem externum : subtus posticis maculis basalibus rufis absentibus.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Aibbe +), Lion Hill (McLean-
nan).—CoLoMBIA.

TARSOCTENUS. 291

Both Dr. Staudinger’s type from Chiriqui and a specimen in Hewitson’s collection
from the same source have a small white submarginal spot on the secondaries beneath
near the anal angle, which is not shown in our specimens; but they present no other
difference. ‘The species appears to be rare, as we have only seen a single specimen
from each of the localities mentioned above, with the exception of Chiriqui.

The male genitalia have a simple tegumen terminating in a single blunt point; the
scaphium is feebly developed; the harpagones end in a blunt upturned point, near
which on the dorsal edge is a short lobe. (See Tab. LX XVI. fig. 12.)

2. Tarsoctenus corytas.
Papilio corytas, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 100. f. C’.
Papilio pyramus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 245. f. EB’.

Alis purpureo-nigris ad basin fulvis; anticis fascia lata per cellulam trifida semihyalina macula elongata obliqua,
infra eam puncto ad cellule finem quoque semihyalinis ; posticarum ciliis albis: subtus chalybeo-nigris,
anticis maculis semihyalinis ut supra, posticis maculis ad basin rufis, pectore quoque rufo; capite supra
nigro albo maculato, palpis et genis albis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (7rétsch).—GuIANA 12; AMAZONS VALLEY.

A single specimen from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection agrees accurately
with one in our own from Nauta in the Upper Amazons valley. The species was
described by Cramer from Surinam specimens'”. Both of Cramer’s figures quoted
above appear to represent the same insect, though they show a different number of
hyaline spots in the apical portion of the primaries. Our examples prove that this
is a somewhat variable character. .

6. Upper and under sides black, crossed with greeeish-blue bands.

3. Tarsoctenus perissographus. (Tab. LXXVI. figg. 14, 15.)
Erycides perissographus, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 59. f. 2 (1889) *.

Alis nigris ; anticis ad basin et maculis quibusdam ad angulum analem et marginem externum viridi-cyaneis,
fasciis tribus semihyalinis, una tripartita per cellulam, una ultra eam bipartita et tertia subapicali quinque-
partita, macula altera semihyalina ad medium marginis interni; posticis, linea ceruleo-albida margini
interno subparallela, fascia valde irregulari submarginali viridi-cyanea, ciliis albis nigro interruptis :
subtus ut supra, fasciis omnibus magis distinctis ; posticis macula altera ultra cellulam cerulea ; capite albo
punctato, palpis medialiter albis, abdomine glauco stria dorsali nigra et nigro cincto.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde, in mus. Staudinger), Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba
(Champion).—AMAZONS VALLEY.

The type of this species, which has been kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger, is a female,
and all the specimens we possess are of that sex, so that we can only assign the species
to this genus from its close resemblance to T. papias (Hew.), which certainly belongs
here, though the peculiar structure of the hind tibie and tarsi is not so fully shown
as in the type of the genus, 7’. plutia (Hew.).

2P2

292 RHOPALOCERA.

From 7. papias the present species differs in having fewer diaphanous subapical
spots and in the spot near the middle of the inner margin being quadrate rather than
triangular, and diaphanous instead of greenish blue. In 7. papias the submarginal
blue band of the secondaries both above and below is less broken, and there is no
distinct spot lying inside it on the underside.

A female specimen, taken by Bates at Tunantins on the Upper Amazon, belongs to
T. perissographus rather than to T. papias, though somewhat intermediate between
the two.

PHOCIDES.

Phocides, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 103 (1816) ; Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 21.
Erycides, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 110 (1816) ; et auctt.
Dysenius, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. iv. p. 67 (1872).

This genus, as now restricted, contains about sixteen species, all of them belonging to
the Neotropical region. P. pygmalion and its allies have a close colour-resemblance to
several species of Jemadia, which in some cases is so exact that the structure of the
antenne alone distinguishes them externally. On the other hand, P. palemon and its
immediate relations are more like certain species of Pyrrhopyge, but the resemblance
is not so close. é

Seven species are found within our limits, and are distributed over the whole area
from the confines of the United States to Panama.

The antenne have a stout club ending in a fine sharply pointed hook; the terminal
joint of the palpi is very small, and the end just appears beyond the dense scales of
the second joint. The primaries have a costal fold; the cell is long, exceeding two-
thirds of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, the lower discocellular much
stronger and longer than the middle and strongly arched ; the third segment of the
median is very short, and a recurrent nervure proceeds from its extremity; the
secondaries are elongated, the discocellular meets the median just beyond the origin
of its second branch. The tibiee of the hind legs have two pairs of spurs and a well-
developed dorsal crest.

The strongly arched long lower discocellular of the primaries is characteristic of this
genus.

a. Secondaries above and beneath with blue or green stripes. (Phocides.)

1. Phocides pygmalion. (Tab. LXXVI. fig. 16 ¢.)
Papilio pygmalion, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 245. ff. A, B’.
Erycides pigmalion, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 4107.
Erycides thermus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii. p. li® (1888) ?

Alis nigris ; anticis fasciis transversis tribus semihyalinis, una quadripartita per cellulam, altera bifida ultra
eam, tertia quoque quadripartita ad apicem, lineis quinque viridi-ceruleis a basi radiantibus, duabus ad

PHOCIDES. 293

marginem internum elongatis ad angulum analem extensis, tribus reliquis abbreviatis, fascia submarginali
interrupta cerulea ad angulum apicalem evanescenti; posticis lineis quatuor plus minusve margini
interno parallelibus, tribus interioribus albicantibus quarta ceerulescentiora, fascia submarginali maculosa
quoque cerulescenti ; ciliis inter venas albis: subtus fere ut supra, posticis fasciis tribus margini interno
parallelibus ceruleis, tertia fascia submarginali in medio conjuncta ; capite nigro-ceruleo albo fasciato,
thorace albido striato, abdomine, preter dorsum nigrum, albido cincto.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Panima (Champion); Hon-
puras (mus. Staudinger); Nicarnacua (Belt); Panama, Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill
(McLeannan).—Sovtu America, from Colombia to S. Brazil.

Mons. Mabille in 1883 (Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, p. li) divided P. pygmalion of
Cramer as understood by the older writers into five species, and in 1888 (Le Nat. x.
p. 77) he added another, P. perillus. Of these we recognize the latter without
difficulty, and also P. distans (H.-S.). P. pygmalion itself we are inclined to look
upon as a widely ranging rather variable species. Central-American and Colombian
specimens have the middle diaphanous band of the primaries narrow ; but it is always
present, so that we are in doubt whether M. Mabille’s name, £. thermus 3, is applicable
to them, as in that species this band is said to be absent. In specimens from South
Brazil this band becomes an oval bifid spot, and in this form is Erycides hewitsona of
Mabille. Every intermediate form exists, so that any separation is difficult if not
impossible.

The most northern limit of the range of this species is Eastern Guatemala, where
we found it in some abundance in the valley of the Polochic river up to an elevation

‘of about 3000 feet.

The male genitalia have a long decurved tegumen, from the middle of which on
either side is a narrow rod reaching nearly to the end of the tegumen, but raised
above it; the harpagones have a rounded serrate end, the serration passing in a curve
inwards over the disc; there is a slight depression on the dorsal edge before the end.

(See Tab. LX XVI. fig. 16.)

9. Phocides belus, sp. n. (Tab. LX XVI. figg. 17, 18 ¢.)
P. pygmalioni similis, sed maculis hyalinis anticarum (preesertim iis ad apicem) multo majoribus striisque cxruleis

saturatioribus et angustioribus.
Hab. Mexico, Ventanas (Forrer), Tampico (Richardson), Paso de San Juan (Schaus).

The large transparent spots of the primaries and the deeper tint of the blue stripes
of this Mexican form of P. pygmalion render it fairly distinct. It appears to be
somewhat rare, though our specimens are from widely separated localities. Mr. Forrer’s
examples were taken at Ventanas in the State of Durango at an altitude of 2000 feet
above the sea. In Vera Cruz it occurs at a much lower elevation.

The male genitalia are precisely like those of P. pygmadion.

294 RHOPALOCERA.

3. Phocides distans. (Tab. LXXVI. figg. 19, 20, 21 ¢.)
Erycides distans, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. iii. p. 601; Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 410°; Mab.
Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii. p. lii (1883) °.

E, pygmalioni similis, sed alis angustioribus anticis lineis duabus margini interno parallelibus medialiter
interruptis.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Arcé, Champion), Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger).—
UBA 2,

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a specimen of this species named as above, and we have
three others exactly similar, all being from the neighbourhood of Chiriqui. In
outward appearance it closely resembles P. pygmalion, but the secondary male sexual
characters show that the two insects are perfectly distinct. In P. distans the tegumen
has a short process on either side, the extremity of which falls far short of the end of
the central piece. They are also present in P. pygmalion, but are much longer,
reaching to the end. The harpagones in P. distans are simple lobes with teeth at
the extremity. In P. pygmalion the whole of the rounded extremity is distinctly
serrated ; this serration is continued in a line along the inner face of the lobe. (See
Tab. LXXVI. fig. 21.)

According to Plotz ? P. distans is found in Cuba.

4. Phocides urania. (Tab. LX XVI. fig. 22 3.)
Erycides urania, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. t. 79. f. 1‘; Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Se. iv.
p. 67 (1872) °; Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 408°; Aaron, Ent. News, i. p. 23 (1890) ¢.

Alis nigris ; anticis inter venas undique viridibus, fasciis duabus semihyalinis, una per cellulam trifida, altera
ultra eam bifida, maculis quinque subapicalibus bene separatis quoque semihyalinis; posticis lineis
quatuor a basi radiantibus, maculis septem submarginalibus, aliisque duabus ad costam glauco-viridibus :
ciliis inter venas albis: subtus maculis semihyalinis ut supra, colore viridi minus obvio ad marginem
externum precipue indicato; posticis maculis omnibus cerulescentioribus.

Hab. Texas ?4.—Muxico '4, Ventanas (Yorrer), Jalapa (Hoge, Schaus, Trujitlo), Putla
(Rébouch) ; Guatemata 2, Polochie valley (F. D. G. & 0. 8.), San Gerénimo (Champion).

This species has long been known as an inhabitant of Mexico, having been figured
in Westwood and Hewitson’s ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera’ in 1852. Several
collectors have since obtained it in many parts of that country, especially in the
neighbourhood of Jalapa; but it is not confined to the eastern portion of Mexico, for
Mr. Forrer secured an example at Ventanas in the Sierras of Durango.

Mr. Scudder has recorded a specimen from Texas obtained during the Boundary
Survey by Capt. Pope 2.

From Mexico it spreads southwards through Guatemala, occurring in the Polochic.
valley and at San Gerdnimo at an elevation of 3000 feet above the sea. It has

PHOCIDES. 295

_anear ally in the islands of Porto Rico and San Domingo which we described as
£. pyres, and another in Costa Rica which is mentioned below *.

The male genitalia have the short lateral lobes to the tegumen as seen in P. distans ;
the harpagones end in two points—the upper one is long and serrate at its base, the
lower one is shorter and blunter. (See Tab. LX XVI. fig. 22.)

“e

5. Phocides vida.
Erycides vida, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 86’; Lep. Ex. p. 187, t. 64. f. 4°; Butl. & Druce, P. 4.8.

1874, p. 368°.

P. uranic similis, sed anticarum dimidio apicali fusco-nigro immaculato, fasciis et maculis semihyalinis nullis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten! ?%); Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger).

Mr. Butler’s type}, which formed part of Van Patten’s large Costa Rican collection,
is still the only one we possess; but Dr. Staudinger has submitted to us another, taken
by his collector Trétsch in Chiriqui, which differs in no way from the type. The
species evidently has a restricted range and probably does not pass the limits of Costa
Rica and the adjoining State of Panama.

b. Secondaries above and beneath, except the fringe, black. (Dysencus.)

6. Phocides palemon.
Papilio palemon, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 131. f. F’.
Erycides palemon, Plitz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 406°; Mab. Bull. Ent. Soc. Fr. 1880, p. xlvi®.

Alis chalybeo-nigris ; anticis costa et basi viridi-ceeruleo striatis, ciliis albis, macula costal bifida nigro cincta
sanguinea ; posticis ciliis late albis ad angulum analem fulvis ; thorace viridi-ceruleo quadri-striato ; capite
postico, palpis et genis sanguineis ; capite summo nigro-ceruleo punctato.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—Sourn America trom CoLoMBIA
and GUIANA to SoutH BrRaziL.

This well-known South-American species occurs in our country throughout the
State of Panama but not beyond, for in Costa Rica and thence northward its place is
entirely taken by its very near ally P. délea, from which, however, it is readily distin-
guished by the fulvous margin at the anal angle of the secondaries.

M. Mabille has described a species allied to P. palemon under the name of
P. spurius*. Its locality is not recorded.

The male genitalia of P. palemon have short lateral lobes to the tegumen; the
harpagones are simple, obliquely truncate, with the outer edge indistinctly serrate.

* Mr. Scudder has described a species of this genus under the name of Lrycides texana (Report Peab. Ac.
Sc. iv. p. 68, 1872). It is said to differ from P. urania in the total absence of the green markings of the
upper surface of the primaries and in having the markings of the secondaries very pale dull yellow-brown
instead of bright green. The type was obtained during the Mexican Boundary Survey by Capt. Pope.

We have no specimen answering to this description.

296 RHOPALOCERA.

7. Phocides lilea. (Tab. LXXVI. figg. 23, 24 ¢ .)
Erycides lilea, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 339°.
Erycides albicilla, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr, Syst. Lep. iii. p. 61 (1869) °; Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879,

p. 406 °.
Dysenius albicilla, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. iv. p. 67 (1872) *. .
Dysenius cruentus, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Se. iv. p.67 (1872) (nec Phocides cruentus, Htibner) °*.
? Erycides sanguinea, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. iv. p. 68°.
Erycides socius, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 112; P. Z.S. 1874, p. 368°.
Erycides decolor, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1880, p. xlvi*?

P. palemonz persimilis, sed ciliis posticarum omnino albis distinguendus.

Hab. Tuxas®t—Mexico, Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards), Coatepec (Schaus), Cordova
(Hoge, Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalisco (Schumann), Rincon in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith), Tehuantepec (Scudder +); Guatemata (Scudder >), Chisoy, Polochic
and Motagua Valleys (F. D. G. & O. 8.), Tocoy (Champion); Costa Rica (Van
Patten"). :

There can be hardly any doubt that all the above names refer to one species.
Dr. Staudinger has lent us Herrich-Schaffer’s type of E. albicilla and we have the
type of E. socius, and they both agree with Reakirt’s excellent description. Scudder’s
D. cruentus we have little doubt was based upon a male ; under any circumstances his
name is inadmissible, as cruentus has already been used by Hiibner and is a synonym
of P. palemon. LH. sanguinea of Scudder ® seems also to belong here, and also £. decolor,
Mabille®. P. dilea appears to be most abundant in the State of Vera Cruz, but it also
occurs in Western Mexico, both in the State of Guerrero and, according to Mr. Scudder,
at Tehuantepec *; it also is found sparingly in the valleys of Eastern Guatemala.

The white fringe of the anal angle of this species as compared with the fulvous fringe
of P. palemon is a slight but obvious character; the secondary sexual male organs of
the two forms present no tangible difference. (See Tab. LX XVI. fig. 24.)

- HETEROPIA.
Heteropia, Mabille, Le Nat. xi. p. 68 (1889) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 22.

In the general outline of the wings this genus resembles Epargyreus, but the
antenne are more sickle-shaped, the club being gradually curved and ending in a sharp
point ; the primaries have no costal fold, the lower and middle discocellulars are nearly
equal and in a straight line, the third median segment short and there is a recurrent
nervule from its extremity ; the second median branch of the secondaries starts before
the end of the cell; the hind tibize have two pairs of spurs, and the spines on the
underside of the tarsi are not conspicuous. |

Heteropia, which was founded on H. imitatrix, a synonym of H. imalena, is a small
but compact genus of three or four closely allied but distinct species. Of these, three

HETEROPIA. 297

occur within our limits. WZ. bryaxis and H. melon have the most northern range,
occurring in the Mexican State of Vera Cruz.

1. Heteropia bryaxis. (Tab. LXXVI. fig. 25.)
Eudamus bryaxis, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 111; Ex. Butt., Eudamus, t. 1. ff. 2,3”.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis purpureo tinctis; anticis ad basin posticis fere omnino ochraceis, anticis maculis
quatuor in linea recta transversa, una bifida costali, una in cellula, duabus ad angulum analem, macula
altera subquadrata extra eas, punctis quatuor subapicalibus, et altera infra eas omnibus semihyalinis ;
ciliis albidis brunneo interruptis: subtus purpureo-brunneis ; anticis maculis hyalinis ut supra; posticis
fasciis tribus irregularibus semi-interruptis, una basali, altera per cellulam, tertia discali, disco reliquo
albido, lunulis submarginalibus fuscis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Paso de San Juan (Schaus),
Cordova ( Riimeli); Guaremata!?, San Gerénimo, Polochic valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.).

A well-marked species, described by Hewitson from a Guatemalan specimen. We
have several examples from that country and others from the Mexican State of Vera
Cruz.

The male genitalia have a short tegumen ending in a pair of truncate hooks; the
scaphium is long and lies close under the tegumen; the harpes are rounded, but
deeply cleft at the end; the lower segment turns upwards and terminates in several

well-defined teeth. (See Tab. LX XVI. fig. 25.)

2. Heteropia melon, sp.n. (Tab. LX XVI. figg. 26, 27.)

H, bryaxi similis, sed alis supra ad basin brunneis haud ochraceis, et posticis subtus ad marginem externum
haud albo notatis distinguenda.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann), Amula, Dos Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote (H. H.
Smith), Rinconada, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus), Coatepec (Brooks, W. Schaus) ;
GuatTeMALa, Motagua valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.).

Closely resembles H. bryaxis, but differs in the points mentioned above. Most of
our specimens are from Western Mexico; but it is not wholly confined to that district,
for we have one example, clearly of the same species, which was sent us by Mr. Brooks
from Coatepec in the State of Vera Cruz, and a single specimen captured by ourselves
in the valley of the Motagua in Guatemala also belongs here.

3. Heteropia imalena.
_Telegonus imalena, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 109, t. 40. f. 1°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 367 ?.
Heteropia imitatrix, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 68 (1889) °.

H. bryaxi similis, sed alis supra viridescenti-nigris ad basin olivaceo nigricantibus : subtus posticis ad marginem
externum vix pallidioribus, fasciis transversis nigris magis obviis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten!*); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), Bugaba, Pefia Blanca
(Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—LowsR Amazons, Manaos®?,
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1893, 2Q

298 RHOPALOCERA.

This species is obviously allied to H. bryaxis, but may readily be distinguished by.
the absence from the upper surface of the wings of all ochreous colouring. The first
specimens described were in Van Patten’s Costa Rican collection 1; we now know it to
inhabit the State of Panama, where Mr. Champion and other collectors met with it,
and the Amazons Valley, whence M. Mabille’s type of Heteropia imitatrix came 3. The
latter agrees precisely with that of H. emalena.

SPATHILEPIA.
Spathilepia, Butler, Ent. Monthly Mag. vii. p. 57 (1870) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 23.

Mr. Watson restricts this genus to a single species, 8. clonius (Cr.), though several
other species have been placed in it by various writers.

The antenne resemble those of Eudamus and are bent to a hook at the end. The
primaries have a costal fold; the apex is truncate and there is a distinct projection on
the outer margin at the end of the lower radial ; the second median segment is more
than twice as long as the third segment, and a recurrent nervule starts from the
middle of the latter; the second median branch of the secondaries starts just before
the end of the cell; the anal lobe of the secondaries is distinct.

1. Spathilepia clonius. (Tab. LXXVI. fig. 28 2.)

Papilio clonius, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 80. ff. C, D’.
Spathilepia clonius, Butl. Ent. Monthly Mag. vii. p. 57°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 367°.

Alis fuscis ; anticis fascia transversa mediana venis quadripartita, lineola ultra eam inter venam medianam et
ramum suum secundum, punctisque subquadratis subapicalibus semihyalinis: subtus ut supra, anticis
dimidio apicali et posticis omnino saturate brunneo et albido marmoratis ; capite utrinque albo punctato,
genis albis, palpis fuscis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann), Acapulco, Tierra Colorada, Acaguizotla (H. #.
Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer); GuateMALa, Chisoy, Polochic and Central valleys (Ff. D. G. &
0. 8.), San Geronimo (F. D. G. & O. S., Champion), Zapote (Champion); Honpuras,
San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt) ; Cosra Rica (Van Patten *),
Caché (Rogers); Panama, Calobre (Arcé).—Souta America generally from Colombia
to South Brazil.

This widely spread species is very common throughout our region, occurring in the
hot country from the sea-level to an altitude of 4000 feet in the mountains. So far
as we can see there is hardly any variation between individuals of this species, Mexican
and Brazilian specimens agreeing in every respect.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in a single rather depressed point; the
end of the scaphium is not strongly developed; the harpes have an erect lobe standing
near the end of the dorsal edge, the end of this bifurcates into two points. (See

Tab. LX XVI. fig. 28.)

EPARGYREUS. 299

EPARGYREUS.

Epargyreus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 105 (1816) ; Scudd. Butt. New Eng. ui. p. 138935 Wats.
P.Z.8. 1893, p. 23.

The well-known North-American Z. tityrus (Fabr.) is the type of this genus, with

which are now associated fourteen or fifteen other species, all of them from the
Neotropical region. Two species of wide range in Tropical America occur within our
limits; a third, E. gawmeri (a race of E. exadeus), is found in the island of Ruatan.
_ The following characters, according to Mr. Watson, define Epargyreus:—The
secondaries have no tail but only a projecting tooth at the end of the submedian
nervure; the antenne are distinctly hooked; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs ;
the lower discocellular of the primaries is straight; no tufts of hair on either wing ;
male with a costal fold to the primaries; second median branch of the secondaries
emitted some way before the end of the cell.

Besides these points the following may also be noted :—The palpi are densely scaled,
so that the tips of the terminal joints are only just visible ; the upper discocellular is
very short, the middle and lower discocellulars are in a straight line and subequal;
the third median segment is long, being considerably more than half the second, and
the recurrent nervule starts from nearer its proximal than its distal end.

1. Epargyreus exadeus. (Tab. LXXVIL. fig. 12.)
Papilio eaadeus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 260. f. C’.
Goniurus exadeus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 366°.
Epargyreus ecadeus, Wats. P. Z.S. 1898, p. 23°.

Alis brunneis ad basin cum corpore ferrugineis; anticis macnlis quatuor bene separatis a costa ad angulum
analem, altera parva ultra eas, et punctis duobus aut tribus subapicalibus semihyalinis; posticis vix
caudatis, ciliis albidis brunneo interruptis: subtus saturate brunneis ; anticis maculis ut supra, apice et
medio marginis externi albo dense atomatis; posticis plaga discali irregulari interdum integra, interdum
bi- aut tri-secta, et linea ultra eam valde irregulari sericeo-albis, marginis externi medio late et dense albo

atomato ; plica costali obvia.
© mari similis sed major, alis latioribus et plica costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Milpasin Durango (Forrer), Jalisco (Schumann), Bolafios (Richardson),
El Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, Acapulco, Venta de Zopilote, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),
Jalapa, Coatepec, Rinconada, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes),
Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac, Teapa (1. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ;
Britisa Honpvuras, Corosal (Roe); GUATEMALA, Pacific coast, Chisoy and Polochic
Valleys, San Gerénimo (/* D. G. & O. 8.), Zapote, San Geronimo (Champion) ; Hon-
puras (mus. Staudinger); NICARAGUA, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica (Van
Patten *), Caché (Rogers); PANAMA, Chiriqui (Arcé, Champion), Bugaba (Champion),
Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).—Sovutu America, from Colombia to the
Argentine Republic; Trinidad.

2Q2

300 RHOPALOCERA.

This is one of the commonest species of American Hesperiide, ranging throughout
the tropical portions of that continent and reaching an altitude of from 3000 to
4000 feet in the mountains. As might be expected, considerable variation occurs in
different individuals, chiefly affecting the size of the spots crossing the primaries ; these,
as a rule, are smaller in Central American than in more southern examples, but many
exceptions occur. The white silvery spot on the secondaries beneath also varies
greatly, but, so far as we can see, not according to any law of distribution. We are not
aware that the true HZ. exadeus passes the northern limit of Mexico; it is replaced in ©
the United States by E. tityrus, and this last-named species is said to occur in Mexico,
but we are unable to confirm this statement.

The male genitalia have a short tegumen ending in two rather sharp points; the
scaphium is well developed and reaches nearly to the end of the points of the tegumen ;
the harpes have the end slightly upturned, the terminal portion of the dorsal edge
being distinctly serrate, at the end of the basal half of the dorsal edge arises a large
lobe tapering to a blunt end, from which proceed a fascicle of strong spines directed
forwards and slightly upwards. (See Tab. LX XVII. fig. 1.) These organs are exactly
like those of H. tetyrus, the type of Epargyreus.

2. Epargyreus gaumeri, sp.n. (Tab. LX XVII. figg. 2, 3¢.)

&. exadeo similis, sed alis ad basin vix ferrugineo tinctis ; posticis subtus fere immaculatis.

Hab. Honpuras, Ruatan Island (Gauwmer).

Mr. Gaumer’s collection from Ruatan Island contains three specimens of this form
of E. exadeus. These differ from all the continental specimens in having the second-
aries beneath nearly spotless and without a trace of the silvery-white patch. They are
generally darker, this feature extending even to the colour of the palpi.

3. Epargyreus asander. (Tab. LX XVII. fig. 4 ¢.)

Eudamus asander, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 9’; Ex. Butt., Hudamus, t. 3. f. 247.

Epargyreus asander, Wats. P. Z. 8. 18938, p. 24°.

Alis fuscis ad basin dilutioribus ; anticis fascia transversa obliqua venis quadripartita, macula ultra eam, et
punctis tribus subapicalibus (duobus costalibus conjunctis, tertio magis distante) ochraceo-hyalinis: subtus
anticis maculis hyalinis ut supra, costa et area apicali olivaceo-albo lavatis ; posticis olivaceis albo praecipue
in dimidio distali albo atomatis, fascia lata mediana alba margine suo interno bene definito, margine
externo indefinito.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer), Jalisco (Schumann), Chilpancingo,
Acapulco, both in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Jalapa, Rinconada (W. Schaus), Cordova
(Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); Guatemata, Volcan
de Santa Maria (Aichardson), San Gerénimo, Duefias (Champion); Honporas, San

EPARGYREUS.—PROTEIDES. 301

Pedro (G. M. Whitely) ; Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé ; Trotsch,
in mus. Staudinger).—VENEZUELA ; AMAZONS VALLEY!; S.E. Brazin; JAMAICA; Haiti.

Hewitson’s types of this species were from Ega on the Upper Amazons, and were
probably collected by Bates!. We now know that its range extends over a very wide
area of the Neotropical region, from North-western Mexico to South Brazil. Individual
variation chiefly affects the white band on the secondaries beneath, as regards the
definition of its outer margin; sometimes this is fairly well defined, at others it blends
with the light colouring of the outer portion of the wings. The tint of the apical
portion of the primaries and also of the secondaries varies a good deal from olive to
purple; this is probably due very much to the age of the specimen and the action of
light.

The range in altitude of E. asander in our country extends from the sea-level to
about 5000 feet.

The male genitalia differ from those of EL. exadeus chiefly in the form of the harpes ;
these are rounded at the end and have a dorsal cleft, on each side of which is a
cluster of strong serrations, a spine directed upwards lies just inside the end, and a
strongly serrated lobe occupies the end of the disc. (See Tab. LX XVII. fig. 4.)

PROTEIDES.

Proteides, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 105 (1816) ; Wats. P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 24.
Dicranaspis, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge, xxi. p. 24 (1878).

In general appearance P. idas, the type of Proteides, resembles Lpargyreus exadeus,
and the neuration of the wings is very similar. On the underside the character of the
markings of the secondaries of P. idas differs from that of /. exadeus; the primaries
have no costal fold in the male, the antenne have a more distinctly swollen club, the
attenuated end beyond it being more slender by contrast. The male genitalia differ in
many respects, as a reference to the figures will show.

P. idas has a very wide range in Central and South America, and is the only member
of the genus found there; but two or three modified allied forms occur in the West-

Indian Islands.

1. Proteides idas. (Tab. LX XVII. fig. 5 ¢.)
Papilio idas, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 260. ff. A, B*; Sepp, Surin. Vlind. ii. p. 231, t. 104”.
Proteides idas, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 368°.
Eudamus idas, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 92°.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis ad basin cum capite et thorace fulvis ; anticis maculis quatuor in linea recta trans-
versa positis, una costali, altera in cellula, duabus infra eam rami mediani primi utrinque, macula altera
parva ultra eas infra venam medianam, puncto subapicali (interdum duobus) semihyalinis; posticis breve
caudatis, ciliis albis nigro interruptis: subtus anticis maculis ut supra, dimidio distali (apice excepto)

302 RHOPALOCERA.

dense albo atomato, posticis quoque dimidio distali albo atomatis, macula triangulari elongata discali
rufescente nigro limbata ; abdomine nigro, albo regulariter circumcincto.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Dos Arroyos, both in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cordova
(Hége), Jalapa, Coatepec (Schaus), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer); Brivis Honpuras, Belize (Blancaneaux); GUATEMALA, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson), Los Altos, Polochic and Central valleys (F. D. G. & 0. 8.);
Honpuras (mus. Staudinger); Costa Rica (Van Patten*), Irazu (Rogers); Panama,
Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).—CotomsBia; Peru; Gutana? 2; AMAZON
Recion to S.E. Braziu; Harri.

Cramer’s description and figure of this species were based upon Surinam specimens’,
our numerous examples from Central and South America agreeing very well with the
figure. A certain amount of individual variation, however, can be traced in our series,
chiefly affecting the outer half of the secondaries beneath, the light markings being
more extensive in some specimens than in others. On the upper side P. 7das much
resembles Epargyreus exadeus, but the two species may be readily distinguished by the
markings of the secondaries beneath. The Cuban form differs in having the primaries
nearly spotless, while in that from the island of Dominica, which we described under
the name of Proteides angasi, all the white markings of the underside are replaced by
chocolate-red. Mr. H. H. Smith has recently sent us similar specimens from the island
of St. Vincent.

P. idas has a considerable range in altitude in our country, being found from the
sea-level to a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen; the scaphium is feebly developed and
short; the harpes are drawn to a point where there is a short spine, the ventral edge
curves upwards to meet the dorsal edge, which is much straighter and without a
distinct fissure. (See Tab. LX XVII. fig. 5).

CHRYSOPLECTRUM.
Chrysoplectrum, Watson, P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 24.

Mr. Watson separated this genus from Eudamus chiefly on the peculiar character
of the hind tarsi, which have on their under surface two series of thickly set golden
spines. These spines are somewhat like those found in Tarsoctenus, but are. not nearly
so long; the terminal tibial spurs, too, are much shorter than in that genus, and the
subterminal pair are present.

The antenne have a moderate club and are bent to a hook, the recurved portion
being very slender; the primaries have a costal fold; the discocellulars are nearly
straight and in a line; the third median segment is short, about one-third of the second
segment, and there is no recurrent nervule from it; the discocellular of the secondaries

CHRYSOPLECTRUM.—ACOLASTUS. 303

is very slender and meets the median at the origin of its second branch. Besides the
type, C. otriades (Hew.), we only know of the following species:and one undescribed in
our collection.

1. Chrysoplectrum perniciosum. (Tab. LXXVII. figg. 6,7, 8 ¢.)

Eudamus perniciosus, Herr.-Schiff. Prod. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 65 (1868)*; Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit.
1882, p. 88°.

Carystus epicincea, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 113 (July 1872)*°; P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 368°.

Alis fuscis fere unicoloribus, anticis fascia transversa mediana venis quadripartita costam haud approximante
semihyalina : subtus ad basin leviter viridi lavatis, fascia transversa ut supra sed macula bifida ad costam
alba, macula ad angulum analem albo circumcincta, margine interno ad angulum analem late albo;
posticis maculis duabus indistinctis discalibus albidis, ciliis indistincte albis, plica costali obvia.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica ( Van
Patten *® +); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—AMazons VALLEY, Rio Negro ?.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us a specimen from Chiriqui which he had compared
with the type of E. perniciosus. We have one Nicaraguan specimen from Belt’s
collection which agrees precisely with the Chiriqui insect and with the type of Carystus
epicincea from Costa Rica. We have also several specimens from Mr. Bates’s collection
from San Paulo on the Upper Amazons as well as from Para; these are undoubtedly
referable to the same insect. Its northern range extends to Mexico, whence we have a
single male specimen taken at Atoyac by Mr. Smith.

C. perniciosum is strictly congeneric with C. otriades *, the type of the genus, and has
the tarsal spines to the hind legs developed in the same way.

~The male genitalia of C. pernicioswm have a truncated short tegumen cleft at
the end, the scaphium being highly developed. The harpes terminate in a single
isolated spine, above which the outer edge is thickened and strongly serrate. (See
Tab. LX XVII. fig. 8.)

We have dissected two specimens—one from Mexico, the other from the Amazons
Valley, and they agree in every respect.

ACOLASTUS.

Polygonus, Hiibner, Ex. Schmett. 1. t. 144: (1822-26) (nec Schum. Mollusca, 1817).
Acolastus, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 71 (1872); Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 25.

This genus, containing a single species, is closely allied to Protezdes, but differs inter
alia in the shape of its wings and in the general style of coloration. There are no
tufts of hair on the surface of either wing, no conspicuous spines on the under surface
of the hind tarsi, nor any costal fold to the primaries of the male. ‘The second median
segment of the primaries is about twice the length of the first segment; the cell is

* From an examination of the type of Thymele euphronius, Mab. (Le Nat. x. p. 181), kindly lent us by
Dr, Staudinger, we find that it belongs without doubt to Hewitson’s Ludamus otriades.

304 RHOPALOCERA.

long, more than two-thirds the length of the costa, the upper discocellular short, the
middle slightly shorter than the lower and in a straight line with it; the third median
segment more than half the second, and with a recurrent nervule proceeding from near
its middle. The secondaries have a well-defined anal lobe; the discocellular is evanes-
cent, and there is no radial; the second median branch starts from before the end of
the cell, the second median segment being considerably shorter than the first. The
terminal joint of the palpi is short, small, and subconical; the club of the antenne
abruptly thickened and ending in a fine hook, the latter being considerably shorter than
the rest of the club.
The range of the genus coincides with that of the species which follows.

1. Acolastus amyntas. (Tab. LXXVIL. fig. 9¢.)
Papilio amyntas, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 533’.
Hesperia amyntas, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 329°.
Acolastus amyntas, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 25°.
Polygonus lividus, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 1444.
Hesperia savignyi, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 741°.
Acolastus savignyi, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 71°.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis purpureo micantibus; anticis maculis tribus semihyalinis notatis—una subquadrata
cellulari, una rotunda infra eam, tertia subquadrata discali, punctis tribus subapicalibus quoque semi-
hyalinis ; posticis pallidioribus fasciis duabus indistinctis notatis, ciliis pallidis: subtus pallidioribus colore
purpureo magis obvio, anticis maculis ut supra; posticis fasciis magis distinctis, plaga pallide fusca ad
marginem internum, puncto nigricante ad basin infra venam costalem : palpis et pedibus griseis, corpore
immaculato.

Hab. Norta America, Florida°—Mzxico, Mazatlan (Forrer), Jalisco (Schumann),
Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (W. Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith),
Valladolid in Yucatan (G. F. Gawmer); Guatemata, Polochic and Chisoy Valleys
(Ff. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa
Rica, Rio Sucio, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger ).—Soutu AMERICA,
from Colombia to South Brazil; ANTILLES ®.

A species of very wide range over nearly the whole of Tropical America, and appa-
rently common everywhere. In the size and position of the hyaline spots of the
primaries little variation can be traced; but the general colour of the hind wings
beneath is in many specimens of a greyish tint, in others a purple shade is distinctly
visible. ‘The spot near the base of the secondaries beneath in the angle between the
costal and subcostal nervures is very characteristic of the species.

The male genitalia have a long narrow tegumen with a lateral depressed point near
the end on either side; the scaphium is as long as the tegumen and lies close to it on
the underside, and has a granular patch at the end; the harpes have a deep notch

on the dorsal edge, beyond which is a serrated lobe, the end being truncate. (See
Tab. LXXVII. fig. 9.)

TELEGONUS. 305

TELEGONUS.
Telegonus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 104 (1816) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 25.

The well-known 7. anaphus is the type of this genus, which contains eight or ten
other species, all of them closely allied in structure, though differing considerably in
coloration. The next genus, Thymele, in many respects resembles Telegonus, but the
males of the latter may always be distinguished by the absence of a costal fold to the
primaries.

The antenne have a slightly thickened club, which is usually bent about the middle
to aright angle and terminates in a sharp point. The terminal joint of the palpi is
short and subconical, projecting slightly beyond the thickly-set scales of the second
joint. The cell of the primaries is about two-thirds as long as the wing; the upper
discocellular is very short, the middle and lower subequal and in a straight oblique line
to the axis of the wing ; the first median segment is about half the length of the second
and equal to the third, to which a recurrent nervule is attached a little beyond the
middle. The secondaries are slightly produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars
very slender, the second median branch emitted just before the end of the cell. The
hind tibie with two pairs of spurs and a dorsal crest of hairs.

Compared with Acolastus, Telegonus has a more slender club to the antenne and the
terminal hook is considerably longer.

This is a purely Neotropical genus of wide range—reaching Mexico, but not passing
beyond to the northward.

a. No transverse diaphanous band on the primaries.
a’. No blue on the upperside of the body and base of the wings.

1. Telegonus anaphus. (Tab. LXXVII. fig. 10 ¢.)
Papilio anaphus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 178. f. F*.
Telegonus anaphus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 367”.
Ahthilla anaphus, Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 257°.

Alis brunneis ; anticis fasciis indistinctis fuscis notatis ; posticis ad angulum analem fulvis, fascia indistincta
discali fusca: subtus ochraceo atomatis et fasciatis ut in pagina superiore; posticis ad angulum analem

late fulvis.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (£dge, Riimeli), Orizaba (F. D. G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith),
Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann), Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith),
Oaxaca (Fenochio), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Bririss Honperas, Corosal (Roe); Guare-
MALA, Chiacam, Panima (Champion), San Gerdénimo, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S., Cham-
pion), Pacific coast (fF. D.G. & O.8.), Zapote (Champion); Hoypuras, Ruatan I.
(Gaumer); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Irazu,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1893. 2k

306 RHOPALOCERA.

San Francisco, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre (Arcé).—SoutH AMERICA
generally from Colombia to South Brazil and Paraguay.

Mexican and Central-American specimens have rather less fulvous colour at the anal
angle of the secondaries than Cramer’s figure and specimens from the Lower Amazons
valley ; but the difference is hardly material, as the species enjoys an uninterrupted
range over nearly the whole of Tropical America.

Telegonus anaphus may be distinguished from several other species having the same
coloration by the absence of a tuft of yellow hairs near the base of the secondaries, as
in Typhedanus alladius, and also by the absence of a costal fold in the primaries, as
in Thymele gallius. These differences are strongly supported by the very different
formation of the harpes of all these species, as will be seen by reference to the
figures. .

The male genitalia of 7. anaphus are much like those of Hudamus proteus. The
tegumen ends in two points; the scaphium is feeble; the harpes end in a blunt point ;
there isa distinct dorsal fissure, on each side of which the edge is slightly raised. (See
Tab. LXXVII. fig. 10.)

2. Telegonus ampyx, sp.n. (Tab. LXXVII. figg. 11, 12 ¢.)
T. anapho similis, sed posticis ad angulum analem haud productis et minime fulvo tinctis, ciliis sordide albis :
subtus posticis ad angulum analem fulvo-albidis fusco atomatis ; anticis ad angulum analem vix palli-
dioribus; ano abdomine concolore haud fulvo.

Hab. Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer).

We have a single specimen of this species, probably a female, which was sent us from
Yucatan by Dr. Gaumer. It has considerable outward resemblance to T. anaphus, but
differs in several particulars. Its exact position can only be determined by dissections

of the male.

8. Telegonus hahneli. (Tab. LX XVII. figg. 18, 14 ¢.)
Thymele cassander, Staud. Exot. Tagf. t. 98 (nec Fabr.)’.
Atthilla hahneli, Staud. Exot. Tagf. p. 291°.

Alis saturate brunneis; anticis fasciis duabus valde indistinctis exteriore submarginali fracta; posticis unico-
loribus: subtus ut supra, anticis paulo pallidioribus et fascia submarginali magis distincta: capite et
prothorace viridi lavatis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger”), Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion). VENEZUELA? ; CuBA?.

Through Dr. Staudinger’s kindness we have a specimen of his “thilla hahneli taken
in Venezuela by the late Dr. Hahnel, after whom it was described!. A specimen from
Chiriqui, taken by Mr. Champion on the volcano at an altitude of about 2500 feet, and
several from Costa Rica agree accurately with the Venezuela insect.

Dr. Staudinger placed this species in the genus Aithilla, but it does not possess the

TELEGONUS. 307

long tuft of hair that proceeds from the proximal end of the hind tibie found in typical
Aithille. Its general structure agrees in every respect with that of Telegonus anaphus,
including the male genitalia, so that we have no hesitation in placing it in Telegonus.

According to specimens in the Herrich-Schiiffer collection, now in the possession of
Dr. Staudinger, 7. hahneli occurs in Cuba?.

t!. Upperside of the body and base of the wings blue.

a', Anal angle of secondaries scarcely projecting.

4. Telegonus creteus.
Papilio creteus, Cram. Pap. Ex. iii. t. 284. ff. C, D'’.
Telegonus creteus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 367’.
Papilio parmenides, Cram. Pap. Ex. iv. t. 364. ff. E, F°.

Alis fuscis ad basin cum capite et thorace nitide ceruleis, ciliis omnibus fuscis: subtus fuscis, plaga magna
discali ab angulo anali ad cellulam extensa alba, coste parte basali quoque pallida, maculis indistinctis
obscuris ad apicem ; posticis obscure fusco bifasciatis: palpis albidis; pedibus ochraceis.

Hab. Mexico, Campala in Durango (forrer), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan
(W. Schaus), Jalapa (FF. D. G. & W. Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan ; British Honpvuras,
Corosal (Roe); GuatemaLa, Polochic and Central valleys, San Gerénimo (/. D. G. &
0. 8.), Panima (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica (Van
Patten?) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Zrotsch, mus. Staudinger), Calobre
(Arcé).—Cotomsia ; EcuaDor; GUIANA 13, AMAZONS VALLEY; SOUTH-EAST BRAZIL.

There can be but little doubt that Cramer’s P. creteus! is the male of the species he
subsequently described as P. parmenides *, both types having been obtained in Surinam.
Our specimens are from a wide area, extending from North-western Mexico to Brazil,
and show several points of variation. Some females have a white spot on the upperside
in the middle of the primaries, varying from a well-defined patch to an almost imper-
ceptible one. The white, too, on the underside also varies in quantity and some-
times extends, chiefly in females, from the anal angle to the base of the costa; other
specimens have the base of the costa of the secondaries white, and a whitish mark
(clearly shown in both of Cramer's figures) towards the anal angle. All these points
seem very unstable, and must be taken, we believe, as mere individual variations, and
- not as specific characters.

Though obtained by Forrer in the State of Durango, 7. creteus is evidently a
commoner species in Eastern Mexico, Jalapa, and its neighbourhood, having furnished
many specimens to collectors in that district. In Eastern Guatemala it is equally
common, but we are not aware of its occurrence on the Pacific side of the mountains.

The male genitalia closely resemble those of 7. apastus.

2R2

308 RHOPALOCERA.

5. Telegonus chiriquensis. (Tab. LX XVII. figg. 15, 16 ¢ .)

Telegonus chiriquensis, Staud. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 111 (1875)*; Exot. Tagf. p. 290,
t. 98°. ,

Eudamus meretrix, Hew. Aun. & Mag. N. H. ser. 4, xviii. p. 8350 (Oct. 1876)’.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis ad basin viridi-ceeruleo lavatis; anticis fasciis fuscis indistinctis tribus notatis, proxima
a costa per cellulam, media ab angulo anali costam haud attingente, tertia subapicali: subtus fuscis ;
anticis maculis ut supra; posticis fasciis duabus, una cellulari, altera discali, et macula basali obscurioribus,
area juxta marginem externum ochracescente.

Q mari similis, anticis latioribus, posticis minus elongatis his area marginali subtus magis ochraceis.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Honpuras
(mus. Staudinger) ; Nicaraaua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers) ; Panama,
Chiriqui (Ridbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Sovura America from Colombia to Brazil;
JAMAICA.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us his type of this species, and also a male which he
considered to belong to 7. elorus of Hewitson, but we feel convinced that they represent
sexes of one species. We are able to trace its range northward to the Mexican State
of Vera Cruz and southward to Brazil, thus showing that it, like so many Hesperiide,
spreads over nearly the whole of Tropical America. It also appears that the Ecuador
insect described by Hewitson as Hudamus meretrix? must be referred to 7’. chiriquensis,
Dr. Staudinger’s title having a slight priority.

T. chiriquensis may readily be distinguished from TZ. elorus by the bands of the
primaries beneath; the outer and middle bands as seen in the former insect unite to
form a continuous band more or less parallel to the outer margin.

We took our Jamaica specimen at Moneague, in the centre of the island, in 1861.

The male genitalia, like those of 7. creteus, resemble those of T. apastus.

6. Telegonus grullus. (Tab. LXXVII. figg. 17, 18 ¢.)
Thymele grullus, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 147 (1888) °.

T. chiriquensi similis, sed posticis subtus ad marginem externum albidis nec ochraceis distinguendus.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger !).—CoLoMBIa.

We have a specimen from the Cauca Valley, Colombia, which agrees with the type
lent us by Dr. Staudinger. The species appears to be closely allied to 7. chiriquensis,
but may be readily distinguished by the white colour of the outer margin of the

secondaries beneath.

7. Telegonus alardus. (Tab. LXXVII. fig. 19 ¢.)
Papilio alardus, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. t. 39. f. 7, 7 F*.
Telegonus alardus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 367°; Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 26°.
Eudamus alardus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 90°.

Alis fusco-nigricantibus ad basin cum capite et thorace nitide viridi-cewruleis ; posticarum ciliis albis: subtus

TELEGONUS. 309

fuscis ; anticis ad apicem obscure nebulosis, margine externo late albido-fusco atomato ; posticis triente
externa alba, fusco atomata; palpis albis fusco intermixtis; abdomine infra albo fasciato.
@ mari similis, alis minus elongatis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Coatepec and Jalapa (W. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Polochic, Chisoy, and Central valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.),
San Gerénimo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten 5
Carmiol); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridbe), Calobre (Arcé), Bugaba (Champion), Line of
Railway (Ribje).—Uprer Amazon ; SOUTH-EAST BRAZIL.

This distinct species is far from uncommon in the eastern portions of Central
America from the middle of the State of Vera Cruz southwards, and has a range in
altitude extending from the sea-level up to about 4000 feet. So far as we know, it is
not found in Western Mexico nor on the Pacific side of the mountains of Guatemala.
Its nearest ally is 7. habana, Lucas, from the island of Cuba, which has similar
markings on the under surface of the wings, but the white margins are narrower and
the wings generally are shorter and rounder, so that the two insects may readily be
distinguished.

Stoll’s description and figures were based upon Surinam specimens 1; with them and
with an example from the Upper Amazons our Central American series agrees very
closely, showing but little sign of individual variation.

The male genitalia resemble those of 7. apastus and Ludamus proteus. (See
Tab. LXXVII. fig. 19.)

b". Anal angle of secondaries projecting.

8. Telegonus consus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXVII. figg. 20, 21, 22 ¢.)

Alis nigricanti-brunneis ad basin cum capite et corpore nitente viridi-ceruleis ; posticis breve eaudatis: subtus
prunneis; anticis fascia lata submarginali obscuriore, area marginis externi aliquot dense ochraceo
atomata, dimidio cost proximo albido; posticis fasciis duabus, una discali altera costali obscuris, ad
basin et ad marginem externum sparsim ochraceo atomatis; palpis et pectore ochraceo-albidis, illis palli-
dioribus.

Hab. Mextco, Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Chisoy
Valley, San Gerénimo (f. D. G. & O. S.).

We have several specimens of this distinct species, some of which formed part of the
collection we made in Guatemala in 1861-62; others were recently obtained by
Mr. Herbert Smith in the Mexican State of Guerrero.

We know of no species very nearly allied to it.

The male genitalia resemble those of 7. apastus, but the harpes are not so
pointed, and the dorsal edge beyond the fissure is finely serrate. (See Tab. LX XVII.

fig. 22.)

310 RHOPALOCERA.

6. A distinct diaphanous band on the primaries.

9. Telegonus apastus. (Tab. LXXVII. fig. 23 ¢.)
Papilio apastus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 111. ff. D, E’.
Eudamus apastus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1881, p. 504”.
Telegonus apastus, Wats. P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 26°.

Alis nigricantibus ad basin viridi lavatis ; anticis fascia obliqua per cellulam ad angulum analem transeunte
hyalina venis quadripartita, puncto ejusdem coloris ad costam : subtus ut supra, fascia hyalina ad angulum
analem albo marginata ; posticis viridescentibus viridi-ochraceo atomatis, fasciis duabus indistinctis trans-
vittatis. .

Q mari similis,

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica,

Irazu (Rogers).—Guiana!; Amazons VALLEY to SOUTH-EASTERN BRAZIL.

The wider band of the primaries and its less broken character distinguish this
species to some extent from Thymele aulestes, to which it bears a close outward resem-
blance ; moreover, on the underside this band is bordered with white towards the
anal angle, and the secondaries are less uniform, though the markings are not very
definite.

The absence of a costal fold in the male 7. apastus, and other structural characters,
especially those of the male genitalia, at once distinguish it from Thymele aulestes,
with which species its range is practically coincident ; but we trace 7. apastus a little
further north into the State of Vera Cruz.

The male genitalia much resemble those of Hudanwus proteus; the tegumen is cleft,
the harpes are pointed, and there isa distinct dorsal fissure. (See Tab. LXXVII.
fig. 23.) .

10. Telegonus eudemus. (Tab. LXXVII. figg. 24, 25 ¢.)
Thymele eudemus, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 170 (1888) ’.

Alis fusco-nigris vix viridescente tinctis: anticis fascia transversa semihyalina a costa ad angulum analem
venis nigris sexpartita; posticis immaculatis: subtus ut supra paulo pallidioribus; anticis margine interno
pallide fusco.

@ mari similis, anticis subtus margine interno precipue ad angulum analem albicantioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Panama, Chiriqui (Zrdtsch, in mus. Staudinger 1),

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the type of this species. A female obtained in
Mexico by Mr. Smith appears to belong to the same species, but the transverse band
of the primaries is rather wider, becomes indistinct beyond the subcostal nervure, and
near the anal angle beneath it is surrounded with white. With only two specimens
before us, and no dissections, we cannot form a definite opinion as to the position of
the species, which seems allied to T. apastus.

THYMELE. dll

THYMELE.
Thymele, Fabricius, in Ill. Mag. f. Insekt. vi. p. 287 (1807) (partim) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 26.

This genus very closely resembles Telegonus, but the males may always be recognized
by the presence of a costal fold to the primaries. The antenne have a slender club,
and the tapering end is doubled abruptly back just beyond the thickest part. The
terminal joint of the palpi is short and projects slightly beyond the thickly-set scales of
the second joint. The cell of the primaries is about two-thirds as long as the wing; the
upper discocellular is very short, the middle and lower discocellulars subequal in an
oblique line to the axis of the wing; the first median segment is about one-third the
second, and about the same length as the third segment, from which proceeds a recurrent
nervule a little beyond the middle. The secondaries are slightly produced at the anal
angle; the middle and upper discocellulars are very slender; the second median branch
is emitted just before and the subcostal branch a long way before the end of the cell.
The hind tibiee have two pairs of spurs and a well-developed dorsal crest of hairs.

T. fulgerator is considered by recent writers the type of Thymele, though Fabricius
placed a variety of species under this generic name.

The genus is purely Neotropical, and none of the species pass beyond the Mexican
State of Vera Cruz.

a. Third median segment of the secondaries very short.
a’. Primaries with a transverse diaphanous band.

1. Thymele fulgerator. (Tab. LXXVIII. fig. 1.)

Papilio fulgerator, Walch, Naturf. vii. p. 115, t. 1. ff. 2 a,6'; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 284. ff. A, B’.

Telegonus fulgurator, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 366 °.

Hesperia mercatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. i. p. 332°.

Eudamus mercatus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1881, p. 502°.

Papilio fulminator, Sepp, Surin. Vlind. 1. t. 84°.

Eudamus misitra, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1881, p. 5027?

Alis fusco-nigris ad basin cum capite et thorace nitide virtdi-cyaneis; anticis fascia mediana transversa venis
sexpartita et punctis quatuor subapicalibus semihyalinis: subtus fuscis ; anticis ad basin nigricantioribus,
coste parte basali viridi-cyanea ; posticis coste dimidio basali albo, fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscis, una
discali altera cellulari; palpis et thorace infra ochraceis, his pallidioribus; abdomine nigricante ; plica
costali obvia.

Q mari similis; anticis latioribus, posticis minus elongatis, fascia mediana anticarum subtus ad angulum
analem albo terminata.

Hab. Mexico’, Tampico (Richardson), Misantla (/. D. G.), Cordova (LHége), Atoyac,
Dos Arroyos, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Putla (Aébouch); Brittso Honpuras, Corosal (foe) ;
GuATEMALA, Forests of Northern Vera Paz, Polochic and Chisoy Valleys, Duejfias
(F. D. G. & O. S.), Cubilguitz, Chiacam, Panima, Las Mercedes, Zapote (Champion) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica, (Van Patten?), Rio Sucio, Caché

312 RHOPALOCERA.

(Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé, Champion; Trotsch, in mus. Staudinger), Veragua
(Arcé), Bugaba (Champion), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—CoLoMBIA; VENEZUELA; GUIANA?
to Paraguay.

A well-known wide-ranging species, found over nearly the whole of Tropical America
except the West-Indian Islands. It was first described by Walch in 1775, and though
the figure accompanying his paper is a very bad one, there can be little doubt that it
refers to the species described subsequently by Cramer under the same name, by
Fabricius as H. mercatus, and by Sepp as P. fulminator—the figure by the last-named
writer being evidently taken from a female specimen.

The neighbourhood of Tampico is the most northern record we have of this species,
but it ranges to the considerable altitude of 5000 feet in the mountains of Mexico and
Guatemala. ;

The male genitalia resemble to a great extent those of Hudamus proteus and
Telegonus anaphus. The tegumen is cleft, the scaphium well developed, the harpes
bluntly pointed, with a distinct dorsal fissure. (See Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 1.) |

2. Thymele enotrus. (Tab. LXXVIII. fig. 2.)
Papilio enotrus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 364. ff. G, H’.

Alis fusco-nigris vix purpureo lavatis, ad basin nitide ceruleis; anticis fascia transversa, venis quinquepartita
et macula ultra eam semihyalinis, punctis subapicalibus nullis: subtus brunnescentioribus, anticis ad
apicem et posticis sparsim ochraceo-atomatis, plaga alba ad angulum anticarum analem et macula parva
ochracea ad cellule posticarum finem ; palpis et pectore saturate cinereis ; plica costali obvia.

2 mari similis, anticis latioribus, posticis minus elongatis, plaga costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus); GUATEMALA, Panima (Champion) ;

Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt).—Sovurn America, Amazons Valley, Trinidad I., Guiana,

Brazil, Paraguay.

Cramer's figure ' of this species is accurate, and we have no difficulty in identifying
our specimens. One of the characters by which 7. enotrus may be distinguished from
its immediate allies (with the exception of 7. fudviluna) is the absence of the subapical
spots in the primaries. Within our region this species would appear to be rare; the
only Mexican specimen we have seen is a male in Mr. Schaus’s collection, and only
three examples have reached us from other parts of Central America.

The male genitalia differ from those of T. fulgerator in having the points of the
tegumen more depressed. The harpes are more elongated, and terminate in a blunt
end, the upper corner of which is prolonged into a short erect spine; there is a small
dorsal fissure. (See Tab. LXXVIII. fig. 2.)

3. Thymele eniopeus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXVIIL. figg. 3,4 ¢ .)
Telegonus naxos, Druce, P. Z.S. 1876, p. 2471.

T. enotro similis, sed anticis punctis subapicalibus quatuor aut tribus; posticis ad basin ceruleo minus lavatis
>)

THYMELE, 313

magis elongatis fere breve caudatis: subtus plaga ad angulum anticarum nulla nec macula ad cellule
posticarum finem ; palpis et pectore cervinis (nec cinereis) distinguendus.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (7rétsch).—Eastern Peru}.

Though we have compared this species with 7. enotrus, to which it has a general
resemblance, there are many points of difference by which it may be distinguished, as
indicated above. We have as yet seen only two male examples, both from our country,
and a female from the Ucayali River.

The nearest ally to this species is 7. naxos of Hewitson, from Southern Brazil, from
which it differs in the direction of the subapical spots, in the position of the small spot
beyond the central band, in the colour of the abdomen and the hairs of the tibiee (which
are buff instead of brown), and in the absence of buff spots on the secondaries beneath.

The male genitalia resemble those of 7. fulgerator.

4. Thymele fulviluna. (Tab. LXXVIII. figg. 5, 6.)
Thymele fulviluna, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 171, f. 9 (1888) 3.

ZT’. enotro similis, sed subtus posticis magis rufescentibus precipue ad angulum analem, maculis magnis rufo-
brunneis supra venam submedianam quoque notatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger).—AMazons VALLEY and SoutH
Braziu 1,

The presence of this species in our country is proved by a specimen from Chiriqui,
which we figure, sent to Dr. Staudinger by his correspondent Herr Trétsch, which has
been kindly lent us with M. Mabille’s name 7. fulviluna attached to it. It agrees with
examples in our collection from the Upper Amazons and, according to Dr. Staudinger,
with the types from Blumenau in South Brazil!. The species is obviously allied to
T. enotrus, and, like that insect, has no hyaline subapical spots. The markings of the
underside of the secondaries are sufficient to distinguish it.

5. Thymele mephitis. (Tab. LX XVIII. figg. 7, 8.)
Eudamus mephitis, Hew. Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1876, xviii. p. 349°.
Eudamus dinora, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1881, p. 502°.

Alis fusco-nigris ; anticis fascia irregulari transversa a coste medio ad angulum analem venis quinquepartita,
macula parva ultra ramum medianum secundum, et quatuor punctis subapicalibus ad costam semihyalinis ;
posticis ad marginem internum viridi lavatis, cillis albidis: subtus anticis ut supra, posticis fascia indis-
tincta discali nigricante, macula juxta eam albicante ad angulum analem.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui? (ibe, in mus. Staudinger 1).—Braziu 2

We have taken our description from a typical specimen kindly lent us by Dr. Staud-
inger, none of our collectors having sent us examples. We have, however, three
specimens from Southern Brazil which differ very slightly from the type. In them
the portion of the median band next the costa is in line with the rest of the band,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1893. 28

314 RHOPALOCERA.

whereas in the type this part is bifid and placed nearer the apex. The relationship of
these two forms can only be determined by an examination of a series of each.
There can be little doubt that Plotz’s #. dinora? refers to this species.

b'. Primaries without a diaphanous band.

6. Thymele egregius. (Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 9.)
Telegonus egregius, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 494°; Lep. Ex. p. 65, t. 25. f. 11’.

Alis nigricante brunneis ad basin cum capite et corpore nitide viridi-ceruleis ; anticis punctis duobus ad medium
coste, uno infra eos in cellula, maculisque duabus infra eam cum duabus subapicalibus semihyalinis ; cillis
posticarum sordide albis: subtus brunneis ochraceo sparsim atomatis, maculis anticarum fusco circum-
cinctis; posticis fasciis duabus fuscis, una discali altera cellulari, area ad marginem externum ochraceo-
brunnea ; palpis albidis fusco intermixtis; plica costali parva.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); GusTEMa.a,
Polochic and Chisoy Valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ; Costa
Rica, Irazu (fogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Ride, in mus. Staudinger).

Mr. Butler described this species from a specimen in the Kaden collection from an
unknown locality!. We now find that it is an inhabitant of our country, whence we
have many specimens agreeing with the type. We notice great variation as regards
the hyaline spots of the primaries, which in some examples are well marked, but in
others almost entirely disappear. This variation appears to be in no way localized.

The male genitalia resemble those of Hudamus simplicius. The tegumen is cleft ;
the scaphium well developed ; the harpes are rounded at the end, and a strong spine
is recurved and overhangs the dorsal fissure. (See Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 9.)

7. Thymele phalecus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXVIII. figg. 10,11, 12 ¢.)

Alis brunneis fere unicoloribus; anticis punctis tribus subapicalibus linea recta obliqua positis semihyalinis ;
posticis angulo anali et ciliis pallide fulvis: subtus ut supra; anticis obsolete fusco notatis, margine interno
ad angulum analem et maculis irregularibus subapicalibus juxta eum cervinis; posticis quoque fasciis
duabus indistinctis fuscis, margine externo late fere ad angulum apicalem fulvo-fusco atomato; anticis
plica costali obvia.

@ mari similis, sed fascia indistincta semihyalina per cellulam transeunte, plica nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. HT. Smith, Schumann), Cordova (fiimeli), Teapa (H. H.
Smith); Guatmmata, Choctum, Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & O.8.), Zapote (Champion) ;
Honpuras ( Witthiigel, in mus. Staudinger) ; Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché (Rogers).

This species closely resembles Telegonus anaphus in outward appearance, having the
anal angle of the secondaries tipped with fulvous; the upper surface of the wings is
more uniform, showing no indistinct markings; but the character by which it may at
once be distinguished is the presence of three semihyaline subapical spots near the
costa; moreover, the male has a costal fold. ‘These differences are supported by the
structure of the harpes of the male, as will be seen by comparing the figures.

THY MELE. 315

TL. phalecus occurs with Typhedanus alladius and Telegonus anaphus in the State of
Vera Cruz, and with the latter species in Central America as far south as Costa Rica;
at Chiriqui 7. gallius occurs.

The male genitalia have the tegumen and scaphium like those of 7. fulgerator, but
the harpes are deeply cleft towards the dorsal end; the lower portion is slightly curved
upwards and expanded towards the end; the upper portion is produced forwards and
terminates in a rounded point. (See Tab. LXXVIII. fig. 12.)

8. Thymele gallius.
Telegonus gallius, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 170, f. 5 (1888) *.

Alis brunneis sicut in 7’, anapho fusco obsolete notatis ; anticis punctis tribus subapicalibus semihyalinis medio
minimo et cellule propiore; posticis angulo anali et ciliis juxta eum fulvis: subtus ut supra, anticis ad
angulum analem unicoloribus ; posticis ad angulum analem late fulvis, hoc colore introrsum bene definito :
plica costali obvia.

@ adhuc ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly submitted to us the type of this species, and it is the only
specimen we have seen. It closely resembles Thymele phalecus described above, but
may be recognized by the subapical spots not being in a straight line, in the discal
band of the primaries beneath being further from the anal angle, in the colour of this
portion of the wing being the same as the rest, and by the sharp definition of the inner
edge of the fulvous colour of the secondaries.

9. Thymele chrysorrhea, sp.n. (Tab. LX XVIII. figg. 13,14 3.)

Alis saturate brunneis; anticis obscure irregulariter fasciatis ; posticis ad angulum analem et ciliis rufo auran-
tiis: subtus paullo pallidioribus; posticis ad angulum analem late aurantiis; plica costali obvia.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

We have a single example of this distinct species, taken by Mr. Champion on the Vol-
cano of Chiriqui at an elevation of about 3000 feet. At first sight the species appears
to be closely allied to Athilla lavochrea, but the secondaries are more elongated and
more rounded at the anal angle, and the orange colour spreads on to the wing beyond the
fringe. Besides these differences the costa of the primaries has a distinct fold, showing
that the relationship between these two insects is quite remote.

b. Third median segment of the secondaries much longer.

10. Thymele aulestes. (Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 15.)
Papilio aulestes, Cram. Pap. Ex. iii. t. 283. ff. E-G’.
Papilio narcosius, Stoll, Suppl. Cram. t. 39. f. 8%.

Eudamus colossus, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. ii. p. 64°.
28 2

316 RHOPALOCERA.

Alis nigris viridi-purpureo nitentibus; anticis ad basin, posticis fere omnino (regione costali et margine
externo exceptis), capite et corpore toto obscure olivaceis; anticis fascia transversa venis quadripartita,
puncto ultra eam semihyalinis: subtus fusco-nigricantibus, anticis purpureo, posticis olivaceo tinctis et
squamis sparsis ochraceis notatis; palpis griseis, pedibus fuscis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Brirish Honpvuras, Corosal (Roe); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Rich-
ardson), San Gerénimo (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama,

Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBia; VENEZUELA; AMAZONS VALLEY to PaRacuay.

There can be little doubt that P. aulestes of Cramer} and P. nicosius of Stoll? both
refer to one insect ; they have the same origin, and the figures practically agree ; nor
does Eudamus colossus of Herrich-Schaffer °, which appears to have been founded upon
a female (a specimen purporting to be the type is before us), differ in any important
point.

T’. aulestes now proves to have a very wide range, extending from British Honduras
to Paraguay. We find it on both sides of the Cordillera of Guatemala, but it is not
common anywhere in Central America.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen, the scaphium is feebly developed, the
harpes are prolonged into a slightly upturned lobe, the dorsal edge of which is straight
and finely serrate. (See Tab. LXXVIIL. fig. 15.)

TELEMIADES.
Telemiades, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 106 (1816); Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 27.

Papilio avitus of Cramer is now considered the type of Hiibner’s genus Telemiades.
With it Mr. Watson associates four other species, one of which (7. amphion), as well as
the type, occurs within our limits; to these we add Eudamus phasias, Hew., and
T. megallus, Mab. All these three species are found as far north as Southern Mexico,
and thence spread southwards to the Amazons Valley and to Southern Brazil.

The antenne of J. avitus have a moderate club, which is abruptly hooked, the
terminal portion of the club being slender and rather shorter than the remaining part of it.
The middle joint of the palpi is covered with compact scales, the third joint appearing
beyond as a short, obtuse, slightly deflected knob. The primaries have a costal fold, the
cell is about two-thirds the length of the wing ; the third subcostal segment is longer
than either the second or the fourth; the lower and middle discocellulars are in a line,
the former being slightly longer than the latter, the upper discocellular is short but
distinct ; the first median segment is shorter than the second, and the latter more than
double the third segment; a faint recurrent nervule starts from close to the end of the
cell, The secondaries are evenly rounded and slightly produced at the anal angle ; the
discocellulars are very feeble, and the lower meets the median close to the origin of the
second branch ; there is a faint indication of a radial ; second subcostal segment, short,
about one-fourth the first segment. |

TELEMIADES. 317

Compared with the last genus (Thymele), Telemiades differs in having the second median
branch of the secondaries starting a little before instead of close to the end of the cell. -
Telemiades also resembles Nascus, but the terminal joint of the palpi is more prominent.

T. amphion is aberrant, the body being less robust, the secondaries less produced, and
the discocellulars of the primaries less oblique.

1. Telemiades avitus. (Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 16 ¢).
Papilio avitus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 354. f. D (nec E)*.
Telemiades avitus, Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 737; Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 27°.

Alis fulvo-brunneis; anticis macula mediana trifida, parte cellulari extrorsum profunde indentata, parte infima
subquadrata, et punctis tribus subequalibus subapicalibus ochraceo-hyalinis ; posticis maculis fuscis indis-
tincte notatis: subtus brunnescentioribus ; anticis ut supra; posticis fasciis duabus indistinctis transversis
notatis ; palpis fuscescentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Coatepec, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus).—
AMAZONS VALLEY; Guiana!; BRaAzIL.

We do not feel absolutely sure that Cramer’s name applies to this species, but on the
whole his figure agrees better with it than with any of the allied forms. The small
spot between the median nervure and its second branch in the figure is situated rather
farther from the other two spots than in any of the specimens before us; otherwise the
figure is fairly accurate.

The range of this species is somewhat remarkable. We have a good series of speci-
mens from Atoyac, in the State of Vera Cruz, all captured by Mr. Smith in the month
of April, and Mr. Schaus also found it in the same district ; but we have no trace of it
from any other part of Central America, nor do we meet with it again till we come to
the lower portion of the valley of the Amazons. Cramer’s type came from Guiana,
and we have one specimen from Rio Janeiro.

The male genitalia have a truncate tegumen, the corners slightly projecting, and
there is a spine on either side near the base ; the scaphium is well developed, the ends
being granulated on the outer surface; the harpes terminate in an upturned spine, the
edge of which is finely serrate; there are also one or two teeth on the dorsal edge.

(See Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 16.)

2. Telemiades phasias. (Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 17.)
Eudamus phasias, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 17 (1867) °.

Alis ochraceo-brunneis ; anticis maculis fuscis undique notatis, punctis tribus subapicalibus semihyalinis ; posticis
quoque fusco punctatis: subtus umbrino-brunneis fere unicoloribus, anticis punctis semihyalinis ut supra,

plica costali obvia.
@ adhuc ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec, Paso de San Juan (Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Nica- t
raqua, Chontales (Belt)—Amazons VALLEY '.

This species resembles Cramer’s figure (tab. 354. f. E), which, as well as fig. D, stands

318 RHOPALOCERA.

as Papilio avitus, but which clearly belongs to a different insect. We had only one
male specimen from our country; but Mr. Schaus’s collection contains three males, all
from the State of Vera Cruz. These agree closely with others from Para and Santarem
taken by Mr. Bates, and with Hewitson’s type of E. phasias in the British Museum.

The male genitalia havea pointed tegumen cleft at the end, and with a lobe on either
side of the base; the scaphium is well developed and granular at the end; the harpes
are rounded at the end, with a lobe in the middle, and a recurved spine on the dorsal
edge; the middle of the dorsal edge is serrate and also beyond the spine. (See Tab.
LXXVIII. fig. 17.)

8. Telemiades megallus. (Tab. LXXIX. figg. 1, 2¢.)
Telemiades megallus, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 221. f. 3* (1888) *.

Alis saturate brunneis, fasciis duabus communibus valde irregularibus, una submarginali altera per cellulas,
nigricanti-brunneis ; anticis punctis tribus subapicalibus medio paulo proximo: subtus ut supra, alis vix
pallidioribus et fasciis magis distinctis sed maculosis; posticis triente anali grisea maculis quatuor fascize
submarginalis continente; palpis griseis, abdomine infra griseo, plica costali obvia.

mari similis, sed major, alis magis abbreviatis et plica costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).— WESTERN
CoLomBta }.

We have two females of this species, sent us by Mr. Herbert Smith, which agree
with a male from Chiriqui lent us by Dr. Staudinger and named from the type of
Telemiades megalius, which was taken on the San Juan River in Western Colombia.

The species differs from the other members of the genus which we possess in having
the outer third of the secondaries beneath greyish blue—a character often found in
members of the Section B of the Hesperiine. The cell is long, showing its position
here, and there is a distinct costal fold to the primaries of the male.

4, Telemiades amphion.

Proteides amphion, Geyer in Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. iv. p. 12, ff. 631, 6321; Plétz, Berl. ent.
Zeitschr. 1882, p.71?.

Telemiades amphion, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 27°.

Alis murinis; anticis maculis quatuor medianis fusco anguste limbatis, una costali, una cellulari (maxima),
tertia infra eam, quarta parva inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum, hyalinis, punctis tribus
subapicalibus (medio minimo) maculis distinctis, alteris submarginalibus, et una ad medium marginis interni
fuscis ; posticis fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscis, una cellulari altera discali: subtus fere omnino ut supra,
paulo pallidioribus, plica costali angusta.

Q mari similis, sed plica costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (W. Schaus); Guatemata, Zapote

(Champion); Honpuras (Dyson); Nicaracvua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Calobre (Arcé),

Lion Hill (42‘Leannan).—Sourn America, Guiana, Amazons Valley.

* Figures 3 and 4 seem to have been transposed in this paper. Fig. 3 agrees with the description of
T. megallus, whilst fig. 4 does not.

TELEMIADES.—DYSCOPHELLUS. 319

The types of this species are said to have come from the West Indies, but were pro-
bably from the northern part of the South-American continent, whence we have a series
of specimens agreeing well with Geyer’s excellent figure!. From these our Mexican
and Central-American examples show no tangible differences. Some variation is
observable in the hyaline spots of the primaries, the costal spot is occasionally wholly
wanting, and the subapical spots are sometimes nearly equal in size instead of the
middle one being the smallest.

The male genitalia resemble those of 7. avitus, but the harpes are more rounded and
the recurved spine shorter.

DYSCOPHELLUS *.

Dyscophus, Burmeister, Descr. Phys. Rep. Arg. v. p. 291 (1878) (nec Grand. 1872; nec Sauss.
1874) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 27.
Netrocoryne (partim), Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 76.

This genus was based upon Cramer’s Papilio sebaldus, of which P. cramert, Latr., is
the female, a South-American insect, the only congeneric species known to us being
Dyscophellus doriscus, which occurs in the State of Panama.

The antenne in Dyscophellus have the terminal attenuated portion of the club not
longer than the remaining part of it; the outer and inner margins of the primaries are
subequal ; the cell of the primaries is more than two-thirds the length of the costa,
the middle discocellular is shorter than the lower and makes an obtuse angle with it,
the second median segment is about three times as long as the third, and there is a
recurrent nervule from the distal end of the latter; the discocellulars of the secondaries
form a convex curve, and the lower discocellular meets the median a little beyond the
second branch, the radial is faintly developed.

The palpi of this and the two following genera have a short nearly erect terminal
joint, which just appears beyond the dense scales of the second joint. All three genera
have a costal fold to the primaries of the males.

1. Dyscophellus doriscus. (Tab. LXXVIII. fig. 18 ¢.)
Myscelus sebaldus, Westw. in Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. t. 78. £. 6 (nec Cram.)".
Eudamus doriscus, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 18 (April 1867) *.
Dyscophus doriscus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 27°.
Netrocoryne cecutiens, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iti. p. 69 (1868) *.
Eudamus porcius, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. vi. p. 182 (1862) ’.
Netrocoryne porcius, Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 77°.
Alis fulvis; anticis margine externo, posticis regione costali fuscis ; anticis macula cellulari, serie submarginali
punctis parvis composita semihyalinis, nigricante circumcinctis, maculis duabus nigris supra medium vene

submediane posticis, macula cellulari aliisque discalibus fuscescentibus : subtus fuscescentioribus.
Q alis obscurioribus maculis, omnibus majoribus, interne hyalinis, margine fusco cinctis.

* DyscopHELLus vice Dyscoputs preoccupied in Reptilia and Orthoptera.

320 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde), Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).—SovTu
AmERicA, Venezuela to South Brazil.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us a male specimen of this species under the name of
Netrocoryne cecutiens of Herrich-Schiffer, having compared it with the type in his
possession. With it he sends a specimen named Eudamus doriscus, Hew., which we
have no hesitation in pronouncing a female of WV. cwcutiens. Hewitson’s title has slight
priority, and must be employed. It has for its basis his own excellent figure in the
‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,’ where, however, it is wrongly named Myscelus
sebaldus (Cramer). It is possible that Felder’s Eudamus porcius, from the Rio Negro,
refers to the same insect, but we do not feel sufficiently confident on this point to use
his name. Should, however, it prove to be the same, which is the opinion of Plétz§,
the species will stand as Dyscophellus porcius (Feld.).

Dyscophellus doriscus has not yet been found in our country beyond the State of
Panama, but it enjoys a wide range on the southern continent.

The genitalia of the male have a long tegumen with a single terminal blunt point,
the harpes are simple lobes with rounded slightly serrate ends, the ventral edge is
slightly concave near the end. (See Tab. LXXVIII. fig. 18.)

NASCUS.

Nascus, Watson, P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 28.
Telemiades (partim), Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 72.

Mr. Watson separated this genus, making Papilio phocus, Cramer, as the type, and
associated with it five other species, all of them belonging to the South-American con-
tinent. To these we now add two others. Five species occur within our limits, of
which NV. phocus and N. cepio range as far north as Guatemala.

Nascus differs from Dyscophellus in having the outer margin of the primaries longer
than the inner margin; the lower and middle discocellulars of the primaries are. sub-
equal and in a straight line, which lies obliquely to the axis of the wing; the recurrent.
nervule starts from the third median segment before the end of the cell. There is no
trace of a radial to the secondaries.

1. Nascus phocus. (Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 19.)
Papilio phocus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 162. f. F’.
Telemiades phocus, Ploétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 75’.
Nascus phocus, Wats. P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 28°.
Eudamus pherenice, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 15 (1867)*; Exot. Butt., Eudamus, t. i. f. 1°
Telemiades pherenice, Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 75°.

Alis fulvo-brunneis ; anticis plaga mediana venis quadripartita semihyalina maculisque sex subapicalibus serie
arcuata positis (quarta a costa maxima) ejusdem coloris ; posticis fasciis duabus fuscis transvittatis, una

NASCUS. 321

per cellulam altera discali: subtus fuscis, anticis ad basin posticis plerumque obscure ochracco lavatis,
his transfasciatis sicut in pagina superiore.

@ alis fuscis; anticis ad basin posticis plerumque pallidioribus, anticis maculis undecem notatis, quatuor
in linea tranversa per cellulam, quinque inequalibus subapicalibus (quarta a costa maxima) et duabus
submarginalibus, una vene mediane utrinque semihyalinis; posticis fasciis duabus transversis fuscis
indistincte. notatis: subtus ut supra, anticis ad basin posticis dimidio basali ochraceis, ciliis inter
venas albis.

Hab. Mxxico, Paso de San Juan in Vera Cruz (W. Schaus); GuaTemMaLa, Chisoy
Valley (f. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras (Dyson, Wittkiigel in mus. Staudinger); Costa Rica
(Van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Calobre
(Arcé).—Sovutu Amurica generally, from Colombia and Guiana to South Brazil and
Paraguay.

There can be little doubt that Hewitson’s Eudamus pherenice is the female of
Cramer’s Papilio phocus, though the distribution of the hyaline spots on the primaries
is somewhat different ; those, however, which form the subapical series are alike in both
insects. Moreover, the two occur together throughout their range and are certainly of
opposite sex.

The species seems subject to some variation, chiefly as regards the colour of the
wings beneath. Mr. Schaus’s specimens are very pale ochraceous in this particular
part, and Honduras specimens are rather paler than others from Guatemala, but
they agree fairly well with a Paraguay example, and the difference is too slight to
be material.

The genitalia of the male resemble those of Dyscophellus doriscus so far as regards the
tegumen, but the harpes have two separate patches of serrations on the dorsal edge,
with an interval in the middle between them. (See Tab. LX XVIII. fig. 19.)

2. Nascus eugamon, sp.n. (Tab. LX XVIII. figg. 20, 21 3.)

NV. phoco similis et forsan ejusdem speciei varietas, sed alis obscurioribus maculis semihyalinis, primariorum
subapicalibus subeequalibus approximatis venis tantum divisis, posticis unicoloribus haud transfasciatis
distinguendus.

@ adhuc ignota.

Hab. Panama, Lion Hill Station (/‘Leannan).

We are in some doubt whether the single male specimen we possess from Panama
should be treated as a distinct species or as a variety of NV. phocus. The arrangement
of the spots on the primaries seems to justify its separation. ‘The five spots forming
the subapical series lie close together in a uniform curve, are all elongated, and the
fourth from the costa is only slightly larger than the rest ; the spot beyond the second
branch of the median nervure is thrust further in between the adjoining ones, and the
spot below the first branch is altogether wanting. ‘The secondaries above have no
transverse bands, and beneath the inner one is much abbreviated.

bo
Le]

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1893.

322 RHOPALOCERA.

3. Nascus evathlus. (Tab. LXXVIII. figg. 22, 23 9.)
Eudamus cephisus, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876, xviii. p. 351 (nec E. cephise, Herr.-Schaff.)’.
Telegonus evathlus, Mab. Le Nat. x. p.170, f. 3 (1888)’.

Alis brunneis; anticis fascia recta quadripartita a costa per cellulam ad angulum analem, puncto extra eam,
aliisque quatuor subapicalibus: subtus maculis ut supra; anticis ad basin posticis dimidio proximo
ochraceis, extrorsum gradatim evanescente ; palpis et corpore subtus ochraceis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui 2 (£7bbe 1).— Amazons VatLEy and Nort Brazit.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the types of E. cephisus, Hew., and FE. evathius,
Mab., and there can be no doubt they belong to one and the same species; this had
better bear Mons. Mabille’s name, as Hewitson’s, though the older, is too much like
Herrich-Schaffer’s Hudamus cephise, and its adoption would be confusing. It is some-
what questionable whether this insect is distinct from Papilio broteas of Cramer ; but,
besides being considerably smaller, the yellow colour of the underside of the wings
blends gradually with the brown of the outer portion, whereas in the larger form the
limits of the two colours are sharply defined.

We only know females of these forms at present.

4. Nascus cepio. (Tab. LXXIX. figg. 8, 4,52.)

Telemiades cepio, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 687; Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882,
p-. 74°.

NV. cephise similis, sed plaga magna mediana minus integra, nigricanti-fusco marginata, maculis subapicalibus
linea arcuata regulari positis : subtus ad basin magis ochraceis maculis discalibus absentibus: palpis et
pectore ochraceis.

Hab. Mexico (mus. Staudinger); GuatemaLa, Panima (Champion); Panama, Chiriqui

(Arcé).—CoLomBIA ; VENEZUELA? ; Amazons VALLEY; Braz.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a specimen of this species from Mexico, which he has
compared with Herrich-Schaffer’s type now in his possession. This Mexican specimen,
however, does not quite agree with the example described by Mr. Butler as Telegonus
cepto, which was formerly in the Kaden collection, and in all probability named by
ferrich-Schaffer himself. |

The species is exceedingly closely allied to MW. cephise in outward appearance, but
the median band of the primaries is, perhaps, less compact, and the subapical spots are
placed side by side in a regular curve from the costa. :

We have not seen many specimens of this species, which, however, appears to
have a wide range extending from Guatemala southwards to Brazil.

The genitalia of the male differ considerably from those of NV. cephise; the tegumen
has a short slightly depressed point; the harpes are quite simple lobes without fissures
or serrations. (See Tab. LX XIX, fig. 5.)

NASCUS.—BUNGALOTIS. 323

5. Nascus advena. (Tab. LXXIX. figg. 6, 74.)
Telegonus advena, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 59, f. 1 (1889) *.

NV. cephise proximus, anticis magis acutis, punctis subapicalibus tribus, duabus costalibus approximatis, tertia
remota, plaga mediana venis tantum divisa, distinguendus ; plica costali obvia.
Q mari similis, alis omnibus magis rotundatis et plica nulla.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger '), Bugaba
(Champion).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us two female specimens of this species, one of them
being M. Mabille’s type of Telegonus advena}, and a male from Chiriqui as Zudamus
cephise, Herr.-Schaff, which is a species of Mascus. The latter differs from specimens
of WV. cephise in our collection in having the diaphanous patch on the primaries more
concentrated and the subapical spots differently placed. With these we associate a male
from Nicaragua and a female taken by Mr. Champion at Bugaba. The subapical spots
of the primaries in the type are arranged as described above, but Dr. Staudinger’s
second female specimen has five spots instead of three—an extra one on the costa and
a small one next the outermost of the series. The others are placed as in the type,
and their position is very different from those of either NV. cephise or N. cepio. The
secondaries have faint spots on the underside of the disc near the anal angle as in

NV. cephise.

BUNGALOTIS.

Bungalotis, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 28.
Telegonus (partim), Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 77.

Papilio midas of Cramer is the type of this genus, which, according to Mr. Watson,
contains nine species, all of them South American. To these we add Telegonus dexo,
Mabille, which occurs with six others within the limits of our country.

The terminal attenuated portion of the club of the antenne is very long, being almost
double the length of the rest of the club; the palpi have the terminal joint almost
entirely concealed by the densely set scales of the second joint. ‘The inner margin of
the primaries is longer than the outer, the cell is more than two-thirds the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are in a line, are subequal, and stand more nearly at right
angles to the axis of the wing than in Nascus, the recurrent nervule starts from the
third median segment some way before the end of the cell; on the secondaries the
radial is distinctly though feebly developed, the third median segment is comparatively
long, the discocellular meeting the median some way beyond the second branch. In all
the species except B. midas the lower discocellular of the primaries is rather longer
than the middle discocellular, and the two do not lie in so straight a line as in
the type.

272

324 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Bungalotis midas. (Tab. LXXIX. fig. 83.)

Papilio midas, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 63. fig. G’.
Telegonus midas, Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 78°.
Bungalotis midas, Wats. P. Z. 8. 18938, p. 28°.

Alis fulvo-ochraceis ; anticis macula indistincta ad cellule finem fascia valde irregulari submarginali et altera
arcuata subapicali pallide fuscis; posticis area costali nigra, plaga magna mediana certa luce vivide
cyanea, macula cellulari alterisque submarginalibus pallide fuscis: subtus omnino saturatioribus, area
interna anticarum tantum pallida, maculis et fasciis omnibus fuscis distinctioribus ; corpore toto et capite
fulvis ; area infra oculos alba.

@ mari similis, sed obscurior, maculis omnibus supra et subtus multo distinctioribus, plaga posticarum cyanea
absente.

Hab. Honvvuras (mus. Staudinger).—Soutn America, from Colombia to Gutana !

and South Brazil.

This is one of the most striking species of the Hesperiide of South America. The
vivid blue spot near the middle of the costa of the secondaries is quite a peculiar feature,
not, so far as we know, found in any other member of the family. The species has a
wide range over the greater part of South America. Our authority for including
it in the Central-American fauna rests on a single male specimen captured by one of
Dr. Staudinger’s collectors in Honduras.

The male genitalia have a highly chitinized tegumen, the end consisting of a strong
claw; the scaphium is also highly developed ; the harpes are long, with a wide excision
on the dorsal edge, the termination expanding like a paddle with a square end. (See
Tab. LX XIX. fig. 8.)

2. Bungalotis astylos.

Papilio astylos, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 283. ff. A, B*.
Telegonus astylos, Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 81°.
Bungalotis astylos, Wats. P.Z. S. 1893, p. 28°.

Alis brunneis ; anticis fascia mediana fere integra et macula inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum
eam attingente semihyalinis, maculis quibusdam obsoletis ad apicem: subtus paulo pallidioribus ; anticis
plaga indistincta fulva ad angulum analem ; posticis fasciis indistinctis duabus transversis maculosis
griseis notatis.

¢ adhuc ignotus.

Hab. GuatemaLa, Las Mercedes (Champion); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde).—Amazons
Vary and Guranal.

Mr. Champion captured a specimen of this well-marked species during his visit to
Guatemala, and we have another from Chiriqui, and these are all the specimens we
know of from our country, the species being by no means common in South America.

All the specimens that we have seen appear to be females, and the male is at present
unknown, unless that sex is represented by another supposed species and the relation-
ship not yet detected.

BUNGALOTIS. 325

8. Bungalotis ramusis. (Tab. LXXIX. figg. 9, 10, 11a; 129.)
Papilio ramusis, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 842. fig. C*.
Bungalotis ramusis, Wats. >. Z. 8. 1898, p. 28°.
Eudamus astrapeus, Hew. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876, xviii. p. 348°.
Alis fulvo-brunneis; anticis macula cellulari aliisque in paribus submarginalibus duabus interioribus supra
venam submedianam fusco-nigricantibus ; posticis ad costam fuscis, macula cellulari et serie submarginali

coloris ejusdem : subtus fuscescentioribus ; anticis immaculatis ; posticarum maculis vix obviis.
© fuscescentior, maculis omnibus majoribus, plerumque hyalinis et fusco circumcinctis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), Bugaba (Champion).—Puru and Amazons VALLEY 3.

We have again to thank Dr. Staudinger for the loan of a male specimen from
Chiriqui, bearing Hewitson’s name Hudamus astrapwus, which was doubtless determined
by comparison with the male Peruvian types of the species?. Hewitson’s description
of the female was based upon a specimen in his own collection obtained by Bates
at Villa Nova, in the Amazons Valley. We also have two males from the same collec-
tion, from Tapajos and Para respectively, and these agree closely with the Chiriqui
insects.

It now appears that this species should bear Cramer’s name, P. ramusis, based upon
a female specimen. We have no examples of that sex from Central America, but two
from the Amazons Valley agree closely with Cramer’s figure.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a long slightly decurved rod, the
harpes are simple lobes drawn to a point, the dorsal edge being nearly straight. (See
Tab. LX XIX. fig. 11.)

4. Bungalotis heras. (Tab. LXXIX. figg. 16, 17, 18 3.)
Telegonus heras, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 169, f. 1 (1888)’. .

6. Alis fulvo-brunneis, anticis ad marginem externum obscurioribus plaga mediana trifida ochraceo-hyalin®
nigro circumcincta, punctis duobus infra eam maculis duabus subapicalibus quoque semihyalinis ; posticis
area costali et margine externo fuscis, macula elongata cellulari et serie discali lineam arcuatam formante
fusco nigricantibus: subtus fuscescentioribus, anticis ut supra, posticis maculis omnibus interne fusco
ochraceis, maculis duabus similibus subcostalibus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), Bugaba (Champion), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan),—
VENEZUELA !; Ecuapor.

This species was described from a specimen sent from Puerto Cabello, in Venezuela,
now in Dr. Staudinger’s collection 1. We have to thank him for the loan of a male .
from Chiriqui, doubtless compared with the type; this agrees with examples in our
collection from the State of Panama.

Bungalotis heras resembles in coloration Nascus euribates, but is of a darker brown
colour, and has wider less elongated wings, besides other differences.

There are two specimens, a male and a female, in the British Museum, from Ecuador.

The male genitalia have a rather short tegumen, ending in a single decurved point ;

326 RHOPALOCERA.

the harpes end in a sharp slightly upturned point, the upper edge of which is serrate,
in the middle of the dorsal edge there is a prominent thorn-like spine. (See Tab.
LXXIX. fig. 18.)

5. Bungalotis erythus.

Papilio erythus, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 59. f. G*.
Telegonus erythus, Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 80°.
Bungalotis erythus, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 28°.

©. Alis brunneis; anticis maculis octo notatis, una cellulari, duabus inter venam submedianam et ramum
medianum primum, una utrinque rami mediani secundi et tribus subapicalibus semihyalinis fusco in-
distincte circumcinctis; posticis maculis sex notatis, una magna cellulari, una utrinque vene submedia,
una utrinque rami mediani secundi et una inter venam subcostalem et ramum suum: subtus ut supra, sed
alis pallidioribus; posticis punctis duobus subcostalibus et uno infra ramum medianum albo nigro
cinctis.

¢ nobis ignotus.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Lelt).—Soura America, Amazons VALLEY, and Guiana},

We have a single female specimen of this species from Belt’s collection, which
agrees accurately with Cramer’s figure, and with a specimen of the same sex taken by
Mr. Wallace at Para. The large size and wide distribution of the spots over the
surface of the wings render this species obviously distinct; but as yet we have no clue
to the male, which from analogy ought to be less spotted and with more produced
wings. |

6. Bungalotis dexo. (Tab. LXXIX. figg. 13,143; 159.)
Telegonus dexo, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 169, f. 2 (1888) *.

Alis rufo-branneis, supra fere unicoloribus, subtus fuscescentioribus immaculatis.

2 mari similis, sed alis obscurioribus, macula cellulari aliisque discalibus fere obsoletis ; posticis punctis duobus
obsoletis, uno ramum medianum secundum utrinque: subtus ut supra, posticis punctis tribus cellularibus,
tribus subcostalibus et quatuor discalibus sordide albis.

Hab. Muxico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Honpuras (Witthiigel, in mus. Staudinger) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde?).

A single female specimen, taken by Mr. H. H. Smith in April at Atoyac, in the
State of Vera Cruz, agrees accurately with the type of the female from Chiriqui, kindly
lent us with two males by Dr. Staudinger. We have no further knowledge of the
species, which is distinguished by its sombre, almost spotless, wings.

7. Bungalotis salatis. (Tab. LXXX. fig. 1.)
Papilio salatis, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 393. f. E?. |
Telegonus salatis, Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 79 *.
Bungalotis salatis, Wats. P. Z.S. 1898, p. 28°.

Alis saturate fulvis; anticis macula cellulari aliisque indistinctis submarginalibus nigricantibus, puncto semi-

BUNGALOTIS.—CECROPTERUS. 327

hyalino nigro-circumcincto ad apicem; posticis area costali, macula cellulari aliisque sex discalibus serie
arcuata obscure fusco-nigris: subtus ut supra, sed obscurior; posticis maculis medialiter pallidis, aliis
duabus subcostalibus.

Q alis brunneis; anticis maculis omnibus multo majoribus semihyalinis et nigro cinctis, posticis quoque maculis
discalibus quibusdam medialiter semihyalinis.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Pawama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Zrétsch), Bugaba
(Champion).—AMAZONS VALLEY and GUIANA.

We have several specimens of this insect before us, including a male and female lent
us by Dr. Staudinger. The males agree fairly well with Cramer’s figure, and with a
specimen from the Tapajos River from Bates’s collection. The northern limit of the
species extends to Chontales, whence we have two female examples from Belt’s
collection. The species most nearly allied to B. salatis is B. sebrus of Felder, which
differs in the distribution of the spots of the primaries in both sexes.

The male genitalia have a peculiar tegumen ending in a short decurved spine, from
the upperside of which arises a blunt projection; the scaphium is well developed ; the
harpes elongated, slightly upturned lobes with rounded ends. (See Tab. LXXX.
fig. 1.)

CECROPTERUS.
Cecrops, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 103 (1816) (nec Leach, 1813).
Cecropterus, Herrich-Schaffer, Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 45 (1869) ; Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882,
p. 260; Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 31.

The name Cecropterus was proposed by Herrich-Schaffer in 1869 as a substitute for
Hiibner’s Cecrops (preoccupied by Leach in Crustacea), and the type is now considered
to be C. zarex, Hibn.

The members of the genus are distributed over the whole of Tropical America with
the exception of the West-Indian Islands, but authorities differ as to the number of
species. Plotz admits eleven and Mr. Watson ten. We, with an extensive series
before us, can only distinguish eight *. Five occur within our limits, Vera Cruz
and Jalisco being the most northern States of Mexico in which the genus is repre-
sented.

The antenne of C. aunus are distinctly hooked, the attenuated terminal portion of
the club equal to the swollen remainder. VPalpi porrect, the terminal joint short but
appearing beyond the closely set scales of the second joint. ‘The lower discocellular
of the primaries is a little shorter than the middle discocellular, in nearly a straight line
with it and directed obliquely to the axis of the wing; the third median segment is
considerably less than half the second segment, which, again, is about twice as long as

* Eudamus phrynicus, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 19 (1867), which Mr. Kirby (Cat. p. 634) places in the genus
Cecropterus, has a costal fold in the male and belongs to Thymele. Thymele viridans, Mab. (Le Nat. x.
p. 170, 1888), of which Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type, belongs to the same species.

328 RHOPALOCERA.

the first segment; the third subcostal segment is more than the second and fourth
together; the discocellulars of the secondaries are slender, and the second median
branch starts from close to the end of the cell; these wings are rounded and have no
tail. The hind tibize have two pairs of spurs and a prominent dorsal crest.

The genus is allied with those which follow rather than the preceding. In outward
appearance all the species have similar coloration, viz. a distinct semidiaphanous
white or yellowish band crosses the primaries, and generally there are subapical spots ;
the secondaries are plain, but beneath they are crossed by two obscure dark bands.

1. Cecropterus neis. (Tab. LXXX. fig. 2 ¢.)
Papilio bipunctatus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 2360, ex Zschach ??*.
Cecrops neis, Geyer in Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. iv. p. 10, ff. 619, 620 (1882) *.
Cecropterus neis, Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 261°.

Alis fuscis, ciliis concoloribus ; anticis ad basin pallidioribus griseo atomatis, fascia mediana venis quadripartita a
costa ad angulum analem, macula parva ultra eam infra venam medianam maculisque tribus subapicalibus
semihyalinis: subtus pallidioribus ; anticis, maculis et fascia ut supra ; posticis ad basin griseo atomatis,
fasciis duabus obscuris transnotatis ; capite summo et prothorace viridi lavatis.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa,
Coatepec, Rinconada (W. Schaus), Orizaba (F, D. G.), Tierra Colorada, Teapa (H. H.
Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); GuatTemMata, Volcan de Santa Maria
(Richardson), Zapote (Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché
(Rogers); Panama, Lion Hill (M‘Leannan). — Sovrh America from Colombia to
Brazil ?.

This species has frequently been called P. bipunctatus, Zschach 1, but in view of the
great difficulty in discriminating these closely allied forms and the impossibility of
accurately identifying the description with any one of them, we think it better to use
Hiibner’s title, as has already been done by Plotz ?.

Compared with C. aunus, the general resemblance of C. neis is great, but the trans-
verse band of the primaries has more undulating margins, and not unfrequently the
portion between the median nervure and its second branch is separated as an isolated
or semi-isolated spot; the subapical spots also are well defined and generally three in
number ; the crown and prothorax as well as the tegulz and thorax are more or less
tinged with dark green. It is not, however, with C. awnus that its real relationship
lies. In the male genitalia the outer portion of the harpes resembles that of C. cinctus
in having a truncated extremity and a fissure near the end. In C. aunus the harpes
have a long pointed extremity and the fissure is on the dorsal edge.

The range of C. neis is very extended ; it is common in Mexico, chiefly on the eastern
side of the mountains, thence it spreads southwards throughout Central America and
over the greater part of tropical South America.

The male genitalia have a deeply cleft tegumen; the scaphium is well developed ;

CECROPTERUS. 329

the harpes have a truncate slightly concave end and a longitudinal fissure, the upper

corner rounded and serrate, the dorsal edge is hollowed out towards the end. (See
Tab. LX XX. fig. 2.)

2. Cecropterus cinctus. (Tab. LXXX. fig. 3.)
Proteides cincta, Herr.-Schiff. MS.

Cecropterus cincta, Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 261 ’.
Telegonus rotundatus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii. p. lili (1883) °*.
C. net similis, anticis fascia mediana angusta integra et sensim arcuata a basi ma
ibus concurrentibus ; posticis magis rotundatis, ciliis undique niveis,
Hab. Mexico, Amula, Xucumanatlan (H. H. Smith), Orizaba? (F. D. G.); Guate-

MALA, Polochic and Chisoy valleys (F. D. G. & O. 8.), San Gerénimo (f.D.G.&0.8.,
Champion).

gis remota, punctis subapical-

We have a specimen from the Kaden collection marked Proteides cincta, Herrich-
Schaffer, and this agrees with Plétz’s description. The species is somewhat like
C. neis, but has shorter rounder wings, narrower transverse bands to the primaries,
and a white fringe to the secondaries. The harpes in the male genitalia are similar to
those of C. neis, the apical portion being truncated, and not pointed as in C. aunus and
C. vectilucis. The species is not common in Southern Mexico nor in Guatemala: in
the former country it is found in the mountains of Vera Cruz and in the Sierra Madre
del Sur up to an elevation of 7000 feet ; in Guatemala we did not observe it above
3000 feet.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a specimen from Guatemala named 7. rotundatus, Mab. 3;
this agrees with our series of C. cinctus, an older title.

8. Cecropterus vectilucis,
Eudamus vectilucis, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 109, t. 40. f. 61; Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 366’.

Alis fusco-brunneis ; anticis fascia mediana transversa a costa ad angulum analem et macula trifida costali ad
angulum apicalem flavo-hyalinis ; posticis unicoloribus, ciliis (precipue ad angulum apicalem) pallidioribus :
subtus, anticis fasciis ut supra, area apicali sparsim ochraceo atomata; posticis lineis tribus obscuris
transfasciatis, una per cellulam interrupta, altera discali quoque interrupta, tertia submarginali ad
angulum apicalem obsoleta ; genis albidis; palpis grisescentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Forrer); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Fichardson),
Duefias and Chilasco (Champion), San Gerdnimo, Chisoy Valley (fF. D. G. & 0. 8.);
Costa Rica (Van Patten 1*), Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers); Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).

This species was described by Mr. Butler from specimens obtained by Van Patten in
Costa Rica1; we have now traced it as far north as Mazatlan in Western Mexico. It
is not uncommon in Guatemala on both sides of the mountain-range up to an elevation
of about 5000 feet.

In this species the transverse bands of the primaries are yellow asin Rhabdoides
cellus, in all the rest of the genus they are more or less white. Its nearest: relation,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., January 1894. 2U

330 . RHOPALOCERA.

however, is C. aunus, the outline of the distal end of the harpes being very similar in
both cases.

4, Cecropterus aunus. (Tab. LXXX. fig. 4 3.)
Papilio aunus, Fabr. Spec. Ins. ii. p. 134°.
Eudamus aunus, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Lep. p. 260 *.
Cecrops zarex, Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. i. p. 30, ff. 183, 184 (1818) °.

C. vectiluci similis, sed fascia anticarum albicante macula ad angulum apicalem costali evanescente ; posticis ad
angulum apicalem magis rotundatis, ciliis ab angulo apicali ultra venam medianam albis.

Hab. Muxico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Coatepec (Brooks), Cordova (Riimelt),
Orizaba (F. D. G.), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer) ;
British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); GuatemMata, Polochic valley, Yzabal (7. D. G. &
0. S.), San Geronimo, Zapote (Champion); Honpuras (Dyson) ; Nicaracua, Chontales
(Belt, Janson); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill
(M‘Leannan).—Sovuts America from Colombia to Guiana and South Brazil.

Concerning this name there cannot be much doubt, for Mr. Butler tells us that the
Fabrician type is still in the Banksian collection in the British Museum, and with it
he identified specimens collected by Bates at Para. We have several examples from
the last-named source, one of which is marked by Bates as referable to C. zarea,
Hiibner, a name we are inclined to think synonymous with C. aunus, though other
authorities, including Plotz, keep them distinct.

C. aunus, as we understand it, differs from C. nets in having a more definite band to
the primaries, the sides of which are less undulating; the apical margin of the second-
aries and the fringe adjoining are always distinctly white.

C. aunus is exceedingly common in Eastern Mexico, but we have not seen specimens
from the western side of the mountains. In Guatemala, however, it occurs in the
mountains sloping towards the Pacific, as well as in the Atlantic lowlands.

The male genitalia resemble those of C. neis, so far as the tegumen and scaphium
are concerned: the harpes have the ventral edge produced into a point; there isa
deep fissure on the dorsal edge, beyond which is an angular lobe, and the continuation
of the edge is irregularly serrate to the point. (See Tab. LXXX. fig. 4.)

5. Cecropterus capys, sp.n. (Tab. LXXX. figg. 5, 6, 72.)

Alis fuscis unicoloribus ; anticis fascia mediana a costa ad angulum analem venis (preter subcostalem fuscum)
concoloribus, maculis tribus subcostalibus semihyalinis, apice ipso ciliis paucis albis, reliquis fuscis ;
posticis unicoloribus, ciliis ab angulo apicali usque ad venam medianam secundum albis: subtus ut supra,
posticis fasciis duabus obscuris valde indistinctis notatis: capite et corpore fuscis ; palpis griseis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Panama, Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Cotomsia ;
VENEZUELA; LOWER AMAZONS and BRAZIL.

In coloration this species almost exactly resembles C. neis; the only external differ-

CECROPTERUS.—RHABDOIDES. 331

ences, that we can detect, are the rather more compact transverse band of the primaries
and the absence of any green tint to the head and thorax. When we compare the sexual
organs of the male profound differences are revealed. The lower portion of the harpes
in the present species is very much produced and bent upwards nearly to a semicircle ;
the upper portion is also produced, but is straight, terminating ina blunt end. (See
Tab. LX XX. fig. 7.)

Our type specimen is from Panama, and is the one dissected; our other specimens
are placed with it on the faith of external characters, but we are doubtful if anything
short of actual dissection can prove their position.

RHABDOIDES.
Rhabdoides, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S. iii. p. 1854 (1889); Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 34.

Mr. Scudder separated this genus for Hudamus cellus of Boisduval and Leconte, a
well-known North-American species, which ranges throughout the uplands of Mexico.
With it we associate Myscelus epigona of Herrich-Schiaffer, as the male of that species
is destitute of a costal fold to the primaries ; it agrees, too, in neuration, but the male
genitalia are like those of Achalarus lycidas.

Compared with Achalarus the discocellulars of the primaries are rather less oblique
to the axis of the wing, and the recurrent nervule starts from a point a little beyond
the middle of the third median segment instead of at the end of it. The primaries of
the male have no costal fold as in Achalarus. The secondaries, though slightly
produced at the anal angle, have no tail or distinct projection, nor have they any trace
of a radial, nor of a tuft of hair on the upperside of those wings, or from the proximal
end of the hind tibiee; the second median branch starts before the end of the cell.

1. Rhabdoides cellus. (Tab. LXXX. fig. 82.)
Eudamus cellus, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Am. Sept. t. 73 (1888) *.
Rhabdoides cellus, Scudder, Butt. E. U.S. in. p. 1855 %.
Cecrops festus, Geyer in Hiibn. Zutr. ex Schmett. v. p. 27, ff. 907, 908 (1837) °.

Alis brunneis ; anticis fascia mediana a costa fere ad angulum analem, macula costali ad apicem, flavo hyalinis ;
posticis ad angulum apicalem flavidis, venis brunneis: subtus pallidioribus; anticis ad apicem fusco
marmoratis, fascia mediana ut supra, ad costam albida ad angulum analem flava; posticis undique fusco
marmoratis ad marginem externum quoque squamis grisels notatis: corpore nigricanti-brunneo ; palpis
et genis sordide griseis ; antennis infra flavidis.

Hab. Nortu America 1, Southern States, Arizona.—MExico, Milpas in Durango (For-
rer), Cuernavaca, Xucumanatlan, Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Mexico City (Schumann),

Pinal near Puebla (F. D. G.), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Putla (Scudder *).

This well-known species of the Southern States of America has a wide range in the
Mexican highlands, occurring at an elevation of 6000 feet in the Sierra Madre of
2u2

332 RHOPALOCERA.

Durango, as high as 8000 in the Sierra Madre del Sur, and at similar altitudes in other
parts of Mexico; it also occurs at lower levels, as at Cuernavaca, where Mr. H. H.
Smith found it in June.

It has no very near ally.

The male genitalia are somewhat like those of Eudamus proteus; the tegumen is
cleft, the harpes pointed, and there is a deep fissure in the middle of the dorsal edge,
the edge itself being raised on either side. (See Tab. LXXX. fig. 8.)

2. Rhabdoides epigona. (Tab. LXXX. figg. 9, 10, 11 ¢.)

Myscelus epigona, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. iii. p. 59 (1868) am

Eudamus epigena, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 493°; Lep. Ex. p. 65, t. 25. f.6°; W. H. Edw.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 58‘; Papilio, 1. p. 141°.

Alis saturate brunneis ; anticis macula in cellula, tribus inter ramos medianos, una parva supra venam medianam,
tribus subapicalibus semihyalinis, ciliis fusco-albidis ; posticis ciliis albis: subtus anticis ad marginem in-
ternum pallidis, ad marginem externum nigro irroratis ; posticis fascia discali irregulari fusca nigro utrinque
marginata, altera interiore maculosa, margine externo (angulo anali excepto) late albo fusco irrorato,
margine interno quoque nigro irrorato.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern Arizona and Texas*.—Mexico%, Orizaba (H. J. Elwes);

GuatemaLa, San Geronimo (Champion), Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.).

Mr. Butler described 2 and figured ° this species as Hudamus epigena from a specimen
purporting to be the type of Herrich-Schaffer’s Myscelus epigona. Very little is known
of the species in Mexico, whence the type is said to have come, but across our border
in Texas and Arizona it appears to be fairly numerous. ‘The Mexican domicile of the
species is fully confirmed by a specimen captured by Mr. H. J. Elwes at Orizaba, and,
moreover, its extension southwards is proved by a specimen taken by Mr. Champion at
San Gerénimo in Guatemala, and one sent us from the valley of the Polochic. The
latter differs slightly from northern specimens in having the spots of the primaries very
small.

The species most nearly resembling &. epigona is Achalarus lycidas of North
America, and the male genitalia are almost precisely alike; but R. epigona has no
costal fold to the primaries of the male, and the slight differences observable in the
neuration bring it nearer &. cellus.

The male genitalia are like those of Hudamus simplicius; the harpes have the ventral

edge produced into a long point, which is bent upwards and recurved into a hook.
(See Tab. LX XX. fig. 11.)

MURGARIA.
Murgaria, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 37.

This genus is closely allied to Rhabdoides, and has the same wing-neuration, the
primaries being without a costal fold. The terminal joint of the palpi is less exposed

MURGARIA. 333

and the club of the antenne is bent into a more symmetrical hook, the terminal portion
tapering gradually from the middle of the club. The male genitalia of MW. albociliata
are like those of Rhabdoides epigona, and are of the Eudamus simplicius type rather
than those of R. cellus, which more resemble Eudamus proteus in this respect. The
secondaries are somewhat produced, but hardly more than in R. epigona.

We know of only one species of the genus, which is widely spread over nearly the
whole of Mexico and Central America.

1. Murgaria albociliata. (Tab. LXXX. figg. 12, 13, 14¢.)
Telegonus albociliatus, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 162 (1877); Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 25
(1878) *.

Alis saturate fuscis; anticis maculis obsoletis, pallidioribus, indistincte notatis ; posticis ciliis ab anglo anali
fere ad angulum apicalem niveis: subtus squamis paucis sordidis undique notatis; anticis maculatis ut
supra; posticis quoque fasciis duabus maculosis indistinctis notatis: genis albis.

Hab. Mexico, Campalain Durango ( Forrer), Jalisco (Schumann), La Venta and Venta
de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Rinconada, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus),
Cordova (fiimelz), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Guatemata !,
Polochic and Central Valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo (Champion, F. D. G. &
0. S.), Panima, Chiacam, Tocoy (Champion); Honpuras (Dyson & mus. Staudinger) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, San Francisco, Irazu (Rogers); Panama},
Calobre (Arcé).— CoLomsta ! 2,

Mr. Butler considers this species to be Hesperia vespasius of Fabricius, and
H. cassander of that author to be a variety of the same insect. Judging from the
descriptions and Donovan’s figure of the latter, we very much doubt whether either of
them refers to this species. No mention whatever is made of the white fringe to the
secondaries, a conspicuous character in this common Central-American insect, and one
which suggested M. Mabille’s appropriate title. Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us a
specimen named by M. Mabille from Honduras, so that we are on sure ground in
adopting this name.

The most northern point reached by this butterfly is the Sierra Madre of North-
western Mexico; thence it spreads southwards through Southern Mexico and Central
America to Panama. The most northern specimens have the fringe of the secondaries
rather dusky, but otherwise we notice no individual variation.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen, the terminal points being short; the
scaphium is well developed; the harpes are cleft at the end, the lower portion narrow
and bent into a hook, the point of which is recurved and nearly closes the fissure, much
as in Ludamus simplicius and its immediate allies. (See Tab. LX XX. fig. 14.)

334 RHOPALOCERA.

THORYBES.

Thorybes, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. iv. p. 71 (1872) ; Butt. E. U.S. ii. p. 1428 (partim) ; Wats.
P. Z. S. 1893, p. 33.

Mr. Scudder first separated this genus from Eudamus in 1872, and designated
Papilio bathyllus of Smith and Abbot as the type. With it he placed two other
species, one of which (7. nevada) appears to be strictly congeneric, but the other,
T. pylades, for reasons given below, we now place elsewhere. ;

Typical Thorydes have no costal fold, and the genus is closely allied to Rhabdoides ;
the anal angle of the secondaries is not so much produced, the costa of the primaries
is more gradually and evenly rounded, and the bent portion of the antenne is shorter.

T. bathyllus, a North-American species, does not, so far as we ourselves know, occur
within our limits, but Mr. Scudder states that he has seen specimens from Mazatlan
and Costa Rica. 7’. mexicanus has a wide range in Western North America, and
thence southwards over the greater part of Mexico.

1. Thorybes mexicanus. (Tab. LXXX. figg. 15, 16, 17 ¢.)
Eudamus mexicana, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. iii. p. 68 (1868) *.
Thorybes nevada, Scudd. Rep. Peab. Ac. Se. iv. p. 71 (1872) ”. .
Eudamus nevada, Lintn. Papilio, i. p. 74°; W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xi. p. 820°.
Eudamus ananius, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 99°.

Alis saturate brunneis; anticis maculis parvis sex (aut septem) semihyalinis, una cellulari, una rami mediani
secundi utrinque et tribus subapicalibus, notatis, ciliis omnibus fuscis ad fines ramorum obscurioribus :
subtus pallidioribus, area submarginali glaucescente et lineis nigricantibus vermiculata ; posticis fasciis ©
duabus indistinctis fuscis, una per cellulam, altera discali: palpis glauco-fuscis ; antennis supra fuscis, infra
pallidis ; pectore fusco, abdomine medio albicante ; plica costali nulla.

@ mari similis, sed maculis anticarum omnibus majoribus.

Hab. Norta America, Texas *, California 2, Colorado 2, Arizona 4.—Mexico 3, Northern
Sonora (Morrison), Aguas Calientes, Jalapa (W. Schaus), Misantla (F. D. G.), Puebla
and Pinal near Puebla (H. J. Elwes), Xucumanatlan and Omilteme in Guerrero
(Hf. H. Smith).

The loan of the type of Herrich-Schaffer's Hudamus mexicanus, for which we are
indebted to Dr. Staudinger, enables us to state that it agrees with a series of specimens
in our collection from Mexico and Western North America, the latter sent us by
Henry Edwards and Mr. Strecker under Mr. Scudder’s name Z. nevada. As
Mr. Lintner has already stated, the species is quite distinct from Thorybes pylades
(Scudd.). The male having no costal fold brings it into the same genus as Thorybes
bathylius, with which it also agrees in the development of the terminal joint of the palpi.

The male genitalia resemble those of 7. bathylius ; the tegumen is cleft, the scaphium
well developed, the harpes are drawn to a blunt point, and there is a fissure on the
dorsal edge. These organs therefore resemble those of Eudamus proteus. (See
Tab. LX XX. fig. 17.) The imago figured is from Omilteme.

PHEDINUS. 330

PHCEDINUS, gen. nov.

Allied to Thorybes, and the male, as in that genus, without a costal fold to the
primaries; the terminal joint of the palpi is much longer and more prominent, being
distinctly porrect, the hook of the antenne is shorter, the third median segment of the
primaries relatively shorter, and the lower discocellular longer.

The range of the genus extends from Southern Arizona to the highlands of Guatemala.

1. Phedinus caicus. (Tab. LXXX. figg. 18, 19, 20¢.)
Eudamus caicus, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. iii. p. 68 (1868) °.
Eudamus moschus, W. H. Edw. Papilio, i. p. 141 ?”
Eudamus schaefferi, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 99°.

Alis saturate brunneis; anticis maculis octo semihyalinis, una transversa cellulari, una rami mediani secundi
utrinque, una ultra eas, et quatuor subapicalibus ; anticis ciliis fuscis inter venas pallidioribus, posticis
ciliis albis ad angulum apicalem fuscis : subtus pallidioribus, anticis ad marginem externum, posticis undique
lineis nigris vermiculatis ; posticis quoque fasciis duabus indistinctis fusco-nigricantibus notatis: palpis
albicantibus squamis fuscis intermixtis, segmento ultimo nigro.

Hab. Norta America, Arizona!.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Orizaba
(H. J. Elwes), Acaguizotla (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (mus. Staudinger), Polochic
Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Duetias (Champion).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us a specimen of this species which bears the name
Eudamus caicus, H.-S., with the type of which it has doubtless been compared. It
agrees with a series of examples we possess from Guatemala and Southern Mexico ; but
those from our north-western frontier are rather paler, the palpi are whiter, and the
hyaline spots of the primaries are larger. The latter probably belong to Mr. Edwards's
Eudamus moschus from Arizona. We hesitate to separate them from the darker
more southern forms, especially as the male genitalia do not differ in any way.

These have a short cleft tegumen, the harpes have rounded ends, and there appears
to be no distinct fissure on the dorsal edge. (See Tab. LX XX. fig. 20.) The imago
figured is from Orizaba.

2. Phedinus aventinus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXX. figg. 21, 22.)

P. caico aliquot similis, sed posticis longioribus magis productis, ciliis omnino fuscis; maculis anticarum
parvis et magis numerosis, macula cellulari et ea infra cellulam bifidis, altera quoque costali supra
cellulam: subtus omnino unicoloribus, posticis vix fasciatis: palpis obscure griseis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos and La Venta in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Having only two specimens of this species, we are in some doubt as to the propriety
of assigning them to this genus. ‘They are apparently males, and having no costal
fold to the primaries agree with Phedinus caicus, and the palpi are also elongated.
The secondaries are longer and resemble those of Cogia calchas, but there is no trace
of a pencil of hairs near the inner margin of the secondaries. ‘he types were captured
by Mr. Herbert Smith in the month of September in Guerrero, at elevations of 300
and 1000 feet above sea-level.

336 RHOPALOCERA,

COCCEIUS, gen. nov.

Eudamus pylades, which we make the type of this genus, has usually been placed
with 7. bathyllus in the genus Thorybes, but the presence of a costal fold to the
primaries of the male indicates that its true relationship is rather with Achalarus.
From the latter genus it differs in the shape of the secondaries, which are much more
rounded at the anal angle. .

C. pylades has a wide range in North America, and extends over the highlands of
Mexico as far south as the State of Oaxaca. A second species, C. drusius, occurs
along our north-western frontier.

Achalarus, of which the type is the North-Ameriean A. lycidas, does not occur
within our region. Its range, according to Mr. Watson, extends to the Indian region,
where several species are found.

1. Cocceius pylades. (Tab. LXXX. fig. 23 ¢.)

Eudamus pylades, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xii. p. 207 (1870) *; Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.
xi. p. 520°.

Thorybes pylades, Scudd. Rep. Peab. Ac. Se. iv. p. 50°; Butt. E. U.S. ii. p. 1486*; Wats. P. Z.S.
1893, p. 33’.

Alis saturate brunneis, ciliis omnibus fere concoloribus vix pallidioribus; anticis maculis parvis septem semi-
hyalinis, una cellulari, una ultra eam, una rami mediani primi utrinque et tribus subapicalibus: subtus
posticis fasciis duabus transversis valde irregularibus nigro limbatis, una discali, altera per cellulam: palpis
fuscis, plica costali obvia.

Q mari similis, sed maculis anticarum majoribus.

Hab. Nortu America generally, from Canada to Florida, California, Colorado, and
Arizona ?.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Oaxaca
(Fenochio).

We have little to add to the account given of this species by Mr. Scudder 4 in his
‘Butterflies of New England and the Eastern United States.’ We trace the extension
of its range from Sonora and Durango to Oaxaca, but not from any intermediate point.
Our specimens from the latter locality are worn and the fringes abraded; but we
believe them to be referable to this species, and not to the white-fringed C. drusius.
These species are exceedingly like the members of Thorybes, but may be distinguished
by the costal fold of the primaries of the male.

The male genitalia have a tegumen like that of Thorybes bathyllus ; it is longer than
in Phedinus mexicanus, but cleft at the end; the harpes have rounded extremities, and
there is a fissure on the dorsal edge. (See Tab. LX XX. fig. 23.)

2. Cocceius drusius.
Eudamus drusius, Edw. Can. Ent. xv. p. 211 (1883) 1; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xi. p. 820 ?.

C. pyladi affinis, sed ciliis posticarum albis facile distinguendus ; anticis sicut in C. pyladi, plica costali
instructis.

Hab. Nortn America, Arizona !2,~Mextico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

COCCEIUS.—CABARES. 337

We have a male specimen from Morrison, bearing the name Eudamus drusius, Edw.,
and it agrees with Mr. Edwards's description of this species.

In having a white fringe to the secondaries it resembles Phedinus meaicanus, but it
may at once be distinguished by its shorter palpi and the presence in the male of a
costal fold to the primaries.

CABARES, gen. nov.

Antenne with a gradually tapering club, curved in the middle into a crook. Palpi porrect, the third joint
rather prominent. Primaries with the cell more than two-thirds the length of the costa, the second,
third, and fourth subcostal segments subequal; lower discocellular rather shorter than the middle, the
two forming an oblique line at a large acute angle to the axis of the wing; third median segment less
than half the second, and rather shorter than the first ; a curved recurrent nervule starts from the end of
the cell. Secondaries with the discocellulars very slender; third median segment very short ; second sub-
costal segment also short. Primaries short, slightly truncate at the tip; no costal fold in the male ;
secondaries with a projection in the middle of the outer margin from the end of the median nervure. Hind
tibise with two pairs of spurs.

Type Thanaos potrillo, Lucas.

This genus, perhaps, comes near Ephyriades, but there are several points of distinction,
such as the more oblique discocellulars of the primaries, the more truncate wings, and
the projection on the outer margin of the secondaries (insufficiently shown on the Plate).
There appear to be no distinctive male characters on the wings, either in the form of a
costal fold to the primaries or hair-like scales in the abdominal fold of the secondaries.

C. potrillo, which we select as the type of the genus, ranges from the Mexican State
of Durango to Colombia. The second species described below is restricted to Mexico
and Central America.

1. Cabares potrillo. (Tab. LXXX. figg. 24, 25, 26 ¢.)
Thanaos potrillo, Luc. in R. de la Sagra’s Hist. Cub. vii. p. 275 ??".
Eudamus potrillo, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 98°.

Alis brunneo-murinis, anticis maculis quatuor linea fere recta transversa mediana positis, una costali bifida,
una cellulari extrorsum profunde sinuata et duabus infra eam semihyalinis, macula altera lineari ultra
eas et tribus subapicalibus quoque hyalinis ; posticis fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscis, una cellulari, altera
discali, margine externo medialiter sensim producto: subtus maculis et fasciis ut supra, anticis parte
apicali et posticis dimidio distali grisescentioribus ; fasciis posticarum ad angulum analem pallide extror-
sum limbatis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (ZH. H. Smith), Coatepec, Rinconada, Paso de

San Juan (W. Schaus), Coatepec (Brooks), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Temax and

Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); GuaTEMALA, Duefias (Champion); Costa Rica, San

Francisco, Caché (Rogers).— VENEZUELA”; CuBA'; JAMAICA.

This species bears some resemblance to Telemiades amplion, but has no real affinity
with it, the male having no costal fold or other essential differences. The hyaline
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., January 1894. 2x

338 RHOPALOCERA.

spots of the central cluster of the primaries are more isolated and arranged in a
straighter transverse line; moreover, the spot in the cell has a very sinuous outer
margin.

The distribution of the species is probably general throughout Central America and
Southern Mexico, and according to Plétz? extends to the southern continent.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us two specimens of this species, named “ 7. potrillo, Luc.,”
a Cuban insect, and Plétz’s description appears to refer to the same species.

Though the description in La Sagra’s work is quite inadequate, we adhere to the
determination of these authors.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen, the points standing widely apart ; the
scaphium is well developed ; the harpes are truncate at the end, and from the upper
corner a long slightly recurved rod proceeds. (See Tab. LXXX. fig. 26.)

2. Cabares enops, sp.n. (Tab. LX XX. figg. 27, 28.)

Alis brunneis, anticis maculis duabus infra cellulam, una rami mediani secundi utrinque et tribus subapicalibus
semihyalinis nigro cinctis, macula bifida cellulari aliisque submarginalibus fusco-nigricantibus ; posticis
maculis fusco-nigricantibus irregulariter positis: subtus pallidioribus ct magis fulvis maculis omnibus
magis obviis: palpis segmento medio subtus albo ; plaga costali nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Coatepec (W. Schaus); Honpuras (Mus. Brit.).

We have only seen a single specimen from each of the above localities, and as only
one of these isin our possession we are not able to make a disseciton of it so as to form
a better idea of its true generic position. In the shape of the secondaries it agrees with
C. potrillo, but the palpi (wanting in our specimen, but present in Mr. Schaus’s) seem
a little more prominent.

Both this species and C. potrillo are included by Mr. Watson, as undetermined
species, in the genus Ephyriades.

COGIA.
Cogia, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 508 (nec Kogia, Gray, 1863 *) ; Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr.
1882, p. 259; Wats. P.Z.S. 1898, p. 32.

This is a small genus containing seven or eight species distributed over Tropical
America from South Brazil to our northern frontier. One of its characteristic features
is a small tuft or pencil of hairs arising from the base of the abdominal fold of the
secondaries. In some species this tuft is short and terminates abruptly; in the type |
(C. hassan) and in others it is more elongate and continues to the end of the fold.
The latter resemble the members of Jyphedanus in this respect, but the secondaries
are much more rounded than in the species of that genus.

The club of the antenne tapers to a point and is bent into a crook. Palpi porrect,
the terminal joint short, projecting slightly beyond the scales of the second joint.

* Dr. J. E. Gray used Kogia for a genus of Whales (P.Z.8. 1863, p. 199). As the orthography is different
from Mr. Butler’s Cogia, we hope the latter will be allowed to stand.

COGIA. 339

Cell of the primaries about two-thirds the length of the costa; second and third
subcostal segments longer than the fourth and fifth; upper discocellular very short,
middie and lower discocellulars subequal, in an oblique line to the axis of the wing ;
first submedian segment short, less than half the second, about equal to the third; the
discocellulars of the secondaries very faint ; third median segment short, about one-third
the second segment. A tuft of hairs arises from the angle between the median and
submedian nervures near the base. (Description taken from C. cajeta, H.-S.)

The four Central-American and Mexican species may be briefly divided as follows :—

Tuft of hairs long ; secondaries rounded.

Primaries with diaphanous spots . . . 2. . 2. 1 e 1 ew we. Cajeta.

Primaries unspotted 2. 1. 2 1 ew ee ee ee ee. luina.
Tuft of hairs truncate.

Secondaries rounded . 2. . 1. 1 we ee ee ee ee we alohas.

Secondaries slightly elongated . . . . . . 1. 1. 1. 1. we.) hippalus.

1. Cogia cajeta. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 1, 2,3 ¢.)
Eudamus cajeta, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. ii. p. 68 (1868)’; Kirby, Cat. Hew. Coll. p. 2147.

Alis ochraceo-fuscis ; anticis ad costam et ad marginem externum saturatioribus, macula in cellula altera supra
eam costali, una rami mediani secundi utrinque (introrsum fusco marginatis) et punctis quatuor subapica-
libus semihyalinis, maculis indistinctis infra cellulam et alteris ad angulum analem fuscis ; posticis paullo
pallidioribus, fasciis duabus fuscis, una discali, altera cellulari ; plica margini interno parallela cirro ochraceo
includente: subtus fere ut supra, anticis area interna pallida,

@ mari similis, sed posticis plica nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus), Teapa (H. H. Smith).

There is a specimen in the British Museum of this species bearing Herrich-Schiffer’s
title H. cajeta, but its origin is not stated?. We possess three specimens, and
Mr. Schaus has several, all of them from Mexico, which establish it as a member of
our fauna. Though a much larger species, it seems strictly congeneric with C. hassan,
the type of the genus Cogia.

The male genitalia have the tegumen notched at the end, the points being blunt ;
the scaphium is well developed: the harpes are truncate, the ventral edge turns up
rather abruptly and is concave beyond the angle; there is a notch on the dorsal edge,
but no fissure. (See Tab. LXXXI. fig. 3.)

2. Cogia eluina, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 4, 5.)

C. cayete similis, sed alis obscurioribus ; anticis immaculatis, posticis saturatioribus fere unicoloribus, fasciis
obsoletis: subtus fere unicoloribus, fasciis omnibus vix indicatis ; cirro abdominali posticarum ochraceo.

Hab. Mexico, Actopan (G. Mathew), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ; GUATEMALA,
Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson), Motagua Valley, San Gerénimo (F. D. G
& O.S.).

2x 2

340 RHOPALOCERA.

We have two male specimens of this species, taken at San Gerdénimo during our
expedition to Guatemala in 1861-63, and a female from the Motagua Valley, as well
as others from Mexico.

C. eluina is closely allied to the Mexican C. cajeta, but may readily be distinguished
by the absence of both the hyaline and dark spots on the wings.

8. Cogia calchas. (Tab. LXXXI. fig. 6 ¢.)
Eudamus calchas, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. iii. p. 68 (1868) ’.
Spathalepia terranea, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 111, t. 40. f. 8’; Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 367°.

Alis fuscis; anticis maculis duabus ad medium coste, aliisque quatuor subapicalibus pallidis : subtus pallidi-
oribus ; anticis dimidio distali fusco irroratis, apice albido intermixtis ; posticis fusco irroratis, fasciis
duabus indistinctis undulatis obscurioribus, una discali, altera cellulari: palpis et pectore albis ; posticis
margine abdominali cirro breve truncato fusco instructo.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa, Coatepec (W. Schaus), Misantla (If. D. G.), Cordova (Hége,
Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Orizaba (I. D. G.), Jalisco (Schumann),
Acapulco, Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, Venta de Zopilote, Acaguizotla,
Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Polochic and Chisoy Valleys (fF. D. G. & O. &.),
Cahabon, Panima, San Gerénimo (Champion), Duefias (Ff. D. G. & O. S., Champion) ;
Costa Rica (Van Patten 2%), San Francisco, Caché, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui, Bugaba, David (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé), Paraiso (Hughes), Colon (A. H.
Markham).—Sovts AMERIcA generaliy, from Colombia to South Brazil.

We have a specimen of this species, given us by Dr. Semper, bearing the name of
&. calchas of Herrich-Schiaffer, under which name it appears in Plétz’s unpublished
drawings ; another specimen lent us by Dr. Staudinger bears the same name, and both
of them agree with Mr. Butler’s type of Spathalepia terranea?. The species is exceed-
ingly common in all parts of Central America, occurring at the sea-level and at a height
of upwards of 3000 feet in the mountains.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a single blunt point; the scaphium
is not strongly developed ; the harpes are truncate, the end being slightly concave, the
upper corner is produced, and from the point the dorsal edge is concave and distinctly
serrate to where the curve becomes convex. In the interior of the cedeagus are a
number of strong spines. (See Tab. LXXXI. fig. 6.)

4, Cogia hippalus. (Tab. LX XX. figg. 29, 30, 31 ¢.)
Eudamus hippalus, W. H. Edw. Papilio, ii. p. 27 (1882) ’.

Alis brunneis; anticis maculis tribus in linea transversa positis, una ad costam, altera in cellula, tertia infra
eam, macula altera ultra eas intra venam medianam, punctis quatuor subapicalibus semihyalinis ; posticis
ciliis albis, cirro fusco prope basin inter venam submedianam et medianam: subtus fuscis, anticis
dimidio apicali saturate fusco variegatis et cervino atomatis ; posticis fasciis duabus, una discali, altera

cellulari et macula magna costali nigricantibus, margine externo medialiter albido dense atomato, ciliis
fusco interruptis,

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona!.—Mrxico, Jalapa, Rinconada, Paso de San Juan
(W. Schaus), Atoyac, Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith).

COGIA.—TYPHEDANUS. 341

In some respects this species resembles Rhabdoides epigona, especially on the upper
surface; but it may at once be distinguished from that species by the presence of a
small tuft of hairs on the secondaries attached to the interspace between the median
and submedian nervures near the base; this doubtless is a male character, but of suffi-
cient importance to indicate the genus into which the species should be placed.

We have a number of specimens sent us by the late T. K. Morrison from Fort Grant,
Arizona, and these agree fairly with Mr. Edwards’s description of Eudamus hippalus—
no mention, however, being made of the tuft of hairs on the secondaries. The Arizona
examples differ in no way from a series from the Mexican States of Vera Cruz and Guer-
rero in our own collection and in that of Mr.Schaus. A Guerrero specimen is figured.

The male genitalia havea tegumen ending in a single depressed point ; the scaphium
is fairly developed: the harpes are truncate, ending in a concave depression with a
rounded lobe at each corner; the distal half of the dorsal edge is concave, with a few
strong teeth on the proximal portion, followed by a serrate edge to the end. ‘The
cedeagus is filled with strong spines. (See Tab. LXXX. fig. 31.)

TYPHEDANUS.
Typhedanus, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 497; Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 34.

Mr. Butler described this genus in 1870 from a supposed new species, 7. zephus
in Mr. Druce’s collection, but which now proves to be Zelemiades umber of Herrich-
Schaffer *.

The characteristic features of Zyphedanus are its elongated pointed secondaries and
the brush of erectile ochraceous hairs which lie in the abdominal fold and start from the
angle between the median and submedian nervures. ‘This brush is similar to that
possessed by typical species of Cogta, but the pointed secondaries serve to distinguish
Typhedanus trom that genus.

The antenne have a moderate club bent into a hook, the attenuated end slender and
not more than half as long as the rest of the club. The third joint of the palpi is small,
hardly showing beyond the scales of the second joint. Primaries pointed, the cell
more than two-thirds the length of the costa; the third subcostal segment longer than
the second and fourth together; the middle and lower discocellulars subequal and in a
straight line; the third median segment about half the second. Secondaries produced ;
the third median segment about half the second segment, the second median branch
starting some way from the end of the cell. Primaries without a costal fold; second-
aries with a large erectile brush of hairs arising between the median and submedian
nervures, and when withdrawn lying in the abdominal fold.

* Telemiades umber, Herr.-Schiff. Prodr. iii. p. 68 (1868).
Typhedanus umber, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 101.
Typhedanus zephus, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 497; Lep. Ex. p. 112, t. 40. f. 12.

342 RHOPALOCERA.

So far as we know at present 7yphedanus contains two species—one from Mexico
and the other from Venezuela.

1. Typhedanus alladius, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 7, 8,9 4.)

Alis brunneis, fasciis duabus communibus obscurioribus, exteriore ad angulum anticarum apicalem interrupta ;
posticis ad angulum analem et ciliis fulvis, sulco elongato ad marginem internum penicillo fulvo inclu-
dente: subtus fasciis communibus magis distinctis, colore fulvo ad angulum posticarum analem magis
extenso.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (Brooks), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann).

This species is exceedingly like Zelegonus anaphus in general appearance, having
almost exactly the same coloration; but the male may at once be distinguished by a
tuft of long hairs lying in a groove parallel to the inner margin of the secondaries.
This character is strongly supported by the difference in the secondary male organs of
the two species, as will be seen by comparing the figures. The females, so far as we
can tell, are barely separable by external characters. |

We have a number of specimens of this species, all taken on the mountain-slopes of
the State of Vera Cruz—some by Mr. Brooks at Coatepec near Jalapa (one of which
we figure), the rest by Mr. Herbert Smith at Atoyac at a lower elevation. The latter
were all captured in April.

The male genitalia have a long cleft tegumen ending in a depressed hook; the
scaphium is well developed; and the harpes end in a rounded upturned lobe. (See
Tab. LXXXI. fig. 9.)

CACINA.
Cecina, Hewitson, Descr. Hesp. p. 55 (1868) ; Watson, P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 36.

Hewitson described this genus in 1868, and placed two species in it, both having
well-marked male characters, viz. a tuft of hairs situated on the upperside of the cell
of the secondaries and a large glabrous patch on the underside of the primaries. These
characters are also present in Mr. Watson’s genus Porphyrogenes, doubtfully distinct
from Cecina.

The antenne have a gradually thickening club, tapering from the middle to the
end, evenly curved and not abruptly bent. The third joint of the palpi is short,
but projects slightly beyond the scales of the second joint. The costa of the primaries
is arched, the apex truncate, and the outer margin concave; the cell is more than two-
thirds the length of the wing; the third median segment is longer than the first, the
lower discocellular slightly longer than the middle but in a line with it; the third
median segment is less than a third the second segment. The outer margin of the
secondaries is much rounded, the anal angle only slightly projecting; the discocellulars
very teeble, the third median segment very short, the second median branch starting
from close to the end of the cell; the second subcostal segment also unusually short.

CACINA.—ATHILLA. 343

The primaries have a costal fold in the male, and a glabrous patch on the underside
extending from the basal half of the first median branch and the first median segment
to the outer margin ; this patch covers an elongated tuft of hairs arising from the cell
of the secondaries and directed upwards towards the costa.

Cecina extends from Guatemala to Venezuela and the Amazons Valley.

1. Cecina calathana.

Cecina calathana, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 56; Ex. Butt., Hesperide, f. 5; Staud. Ex. Tagf. p. 291,
t. 98.

Alis rufo-brunneis, fascia communi discali obsoleta fusea, aliera per cellulam; posticis area ad angulum
analem et ciliis fulvis: subtus ut supra, fasciis communibus vix obviis; posticis colore fulvo introrsum
bene definito.

mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Arcé), Chiriqui (Ribbe).—CotomBia 12,

Hewitson’s description and figure of this species were based upon a Colombian
specimen ', and we have seen two others, one of each sex, from our country. As
Hewitson observes, this species in general appearance resembles Telegonus anaphus,
but there is no even approximate alliance between the two insects. The female
closely resembles the male in colour; the tawny tint of the anal angle is rather more
extended.

2. Cecina calanus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 10, 11, 122.)

C. calathane similis, sed alis latioribus ; posticis ad angulum analem minus productis, et supra ciliis tantum
fulvis.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus) ; Guatemaua, Polochic Valley, Pacific
coast (F. D. G. & O. S.), Panima, San Gerénimo (Champion).

This species is strictly congeneric with C. calathana, the male having the same
characteristics. We havé several specimens, representing both sexes, all from Guate-
mala, where it is found on both sides of the mountain-range, occurring up to an

elevation of 3000 feet.
The male genitalia have a peculiar tegumen ending in two widely divergent truncate

hooks, two lobes arising one on either side of the middle line; the scaphium is well
developed and ends in two lobes covered with thickly-set papille; the harpes have an
elongated hook, the continuation of the ventral edge, ending in a sharp recurved point,
before which the outer edge is serrate. (See Tab. LXXXI. fig. 12.)

ASTHILLA.

_ Et hilla, Hewitson, Descr. Hesp. p. 55 (1868); Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 257 (partim) ;
Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 37.
We follow Mr. Watson in restricting this genus to the species which have a long

344 RHOPALOCERA.

brush or pencil of hairs attached to the proximal end of the hind tibia. Plotz uses
the name in a wider sense, and evidently includes several species of Telegonus, and
amongst them 7. anaphus (Cr.), the type of Telegonus!

The club of the antenne is only slightly thickened, and the long terminal attenuated
portion is curved toa hook. The third joint of the palpi is very small, but distinctly
projects beyond the thickly-set scales of the second joint. Primaries with the inner
and outer margins subequal, the costa gently curved, the apex rather acute but not
produced, the cell about two-thirds the length of the wing, the second and third
subcostal segments subequal, the lower discocellular a little shorter than the middle but
in a line with it, the third median segment more than half as long as the second; the
third median segment of the secondaries long, more than half the length of the second
segment, the discocellulars feeble, radial absent ; second subcostal segment short, about
equal to the second median. Hind tibie with a long brush of hairs arising from the
proximal end and considerably longer than the joint itself.

The number of species contained in this genus is uncertain: Mr. Watson recognizes
five in the British Museum, and we have two others. All of them belong to the Neo-
tropical region, both the following species reaching the Mexican State of Vera Cruz.

1, Aithilla echina. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 13, 14 ¢.)

Lithilla echina, Hew. Equat. Lep. p. 70 (1869) *.

Alis saturate brunneis, ciliis concoloribus, fasciis duabus communibus discalibus pallidioribus interiore in
posticis interrupta: subtus ut supra; anticis ad apicem albido atomatis ; posticis ad marginem externum
quoque atomatis, fasciis duabus irregulariter dentatis discalibus albis; capite et corpore toto alis con-
coloribus.

Hub. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus) ; GuaTEMALA,
Choctum, Polochic Valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Zapote (Champion) ; Panama, Chiriqui
(Arcé, Ribbe), David, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBia ; Ecvapor!; .
AMAZONS VALLEY and BRaziL.

Hewitson described this species from specimens taken by Buckley at Rotuno in
Ecuador, and we have a good series from Central America agreeing with the type.
Mr. Herbert Smith also found it at Chapada, in the Province of Matto Grosso. The
latter specimens are a little paler in colour, and the two white discal bands of the
secondaries beneath are confluent, otherwise they agree with the typical form. In
our country 4. echina is a lowland insect, the limit of its range in altitude probably
not exceeding 3000 feet.

The male genitalia resemble those of 4. eleusina, the type of the genus. The
tegumen is slightly truncate, the corners projecting a trifle; at the base of the terminal
portion a pair of erect rods arise nearly at right angles to the dorsal ridge, one on
either side of it; the scaphium is well developed and hangs low in the anal cavity:

ETHILLA.—ORNEATES. 345

the harpes are truncate, the upper angle produced and serrate; from below the middle
of the dorsal edge is a rounded lobe, serrate and covered over the surface with a series
of dentate papilla. (See Tab. LXXXI. fig. 14.)

2. Aithilla lavochrea.

Aithilla lavochrea, Butl. Lep. Ex. p. 110, t. 40. f. 4°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S8. 1874, p. 3677;
Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 257°.

Alis fusco-nigricantibus indistincte fasciatis ; posticis ciliis ochraceis: subtus ut supra; posticis margine
externo late, angulum apicalem haud extendente ochraceis: capite et corpore undique alis concoloribus.
2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico (mus. Brit.1), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus) ;
GuatemaLA, Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.), Zapote (Champion); Nicaraeua,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten!2); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde), Calobre
(Arcé), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).

Mr. Butler’s description of the male of this species was based on a Costa Rican
specimen now before us. We have several others from various parts of our country
agreeing closely with the type, the females differing, as usual, in their broader and less
pointed wings.

The most northern limit of its range appears to be Central Vera Cruz, where
Mr. H. H. Smith captured two specimens at Atoyac at the foot of the mountain-range.
We have no record of its occurrence in Western Mexico, but it is found on both sides
of the Cordillera in Guatemala. Its range in altitude extends from the sea-level to
about 2000 or 3000 feet.

The brushes attached to the proximal end of the hind tibie are not always easy to
see. Ina specimen lent us by Dr. Staudinger they are plainly visible.

The male genitalia are like those of 4. echina, but the erect rods of the tegumen
are not nearly so long, nor is there so distinct a lobe on the dorsal edge of the harpes.

ORNEATES, gen. nov.

Antenne with a club bent before the middle to form a distinct hook. Terminal joint of the palpi almost
hidden by the thickly-set scales of the second joint. Primaries rather elongate, with rounded apex, the
cell more than two-thirds the length of the wing, the lower and middle discocellulars subequal and in a
line, the third median segment short, about one-third the second segment. Secondaries rounded at the
anal angle, the discocellulars feeble, a radial distinctly present, the third median segment short, about
one-quarter the second segment, second subcostal segment about equal to the second median. Hind tibiz
of the male with a long brush of hairs from the proximal end, rather longer than the joint.

In coloration the type of this genus, 0. egiochus, resembles the members of Thymele,
of which 7. fulgerator is the best-known example; the brush on the hind tibie,
however, suggests an affinity with thilla, and we therefore place it here for the
present. Other structural points indicate that this is not likely to be its ultimate
position.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., January 1894. 2y

346 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Orneates egiochus. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 15, 16, 17 ¢.)
Eudamus egiochus, Hew. Aun. & Mag. N. H. 1876, Xvili. p. 350°.

Alis saturate brunneis, anticis ad basin vivide cwruleis, fascia recta mediana angusta a coste medio ad angulum
analem venis quinquepartita et punctis quinque subapicalibus in linea arcuata positis semihyalinis:
subtus brunneis; anticis fascia et punctis ut supra, costa dimidio proximo et posticis ad basin vivide
ceruleis: capite et corpore supra viridi-cyaneis ; palpis et pectore ochraceis, illis pallidioribus nigro circum-
cinctis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Trdtsch *), Chiriqul,
Veragua (Arcé).

This species was described by Hewitson from specimens sent him by Dr. Staudinger,
who has lent us a named specimen which agrees with others from Chiriqui and its
neighbourhood. It is a well-marked species, distinguished by the prominence and
number of the subapical spots, and by having both wings washed with blue at the base.

In general appearance 0. wgiochus recalls Thymele fulgerator, but, besides having
more rounded secondaries, the presence in the male of a brush of hairs from the
proximal end of the hind tibie shows that its relationship is elsewhere.

The male genitalia have a short tegumen with a shallow cleft at the end; the
scaphium is well developed ; the harpes are lengthened into a point, and on the middle
of the dorsal edge is a slender lobe slightly directed outwards. (See Tab. LXXXI.
fig. 17.)

b'. Palpi porrect, divergent ; terminal joint long, slender.

HYDR/ENOMIA.

Udranomia, Butler, Ent. Monthly Mag. vi. p. 58 (1870).
Hydrenomia, Butler, tom. cit. p. 99; Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 38.

A peculiar genus, of which the now well-known H. orcinus (Feld.) is the type.
This species has a wide range over Tropical America, as will be seen below. A second
well-marked species, apparently undescribed, occurs in South Brazil, which has many
of the characteristics of H. orcinus, but is, perhaps, not strictly congeneric.

The antenne have a stoutish club ; the terminal attenuated portion is short, not more
than half the thickened part. Head wide, eyes large. Palpi widely apart; terminal
joint long, slender, porrect. Primaries narrow, rather pointed; costa rather straight
and with a fold, outer margin with a notch near the anal angle; cell about two-thirds
the length of the wing ; second and third subcostal segments long and subequal ; upper
discocellular long and oblique, middle discocellular shorter than the lower, the latter
about equal to the third median segment, which, again, is about one-quarter the length
of the long second segment. Secondaries indented on the outer margin near the anal
projection; cell rather long and wide, discocellulars and radial faint, third median
segment distinct, second subcostal segment long, about half the first segment. Hind
tibiee with two pairs of spurs, the proximal pair small.

eo
WN
~~]

HYDR.ENOMIA.—PARADROS.

1. Hydrenomia orcinus. (Tab. LXXXI. fig. 18 ¢.)
Eudamus orcinus, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 510, t. 71. ff. 4, 5 (1867) *.
Hydrenomia orcinus, Wats. P. Z. 8S. 1898, p. 38’.

Eudamus albicuspis, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. iii. p. 68 (1868) (fide Staudinger) *.

Alis fuscis; anticis macula cellulari profunde fissa, altera infra eam aliis tribus discalibus tribus quoque sub-
apicalibus (media proxima) semihyalinis, macula ad medium marginis interni albida; posticis fasciola
basali, altera discali maculosa semihyalina, lunulis submarginalibus ochraceis quoque notatis: subtus ut
supra, sed pallidioribus et magis canescentibus, maculis omnibus magis obviis; posticis ad angulum analem
obscurioribus, ciliis fuscis inter venas pallidioribus: palpis niveis, segmento ultimo nigro; plica costali
obvia.

@ mari similis, sed plica nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus); Honpuras

(Dyson); Panama, Chiriqui ( Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Taboga I. (J. J. Walker).—

SoutH AMERiIca, Guiana, Amazons Valley, Eastern! and Southern Brazil.

This pretty species was described by Felder in 1867 from a specimen in his collec-
tion from Bahia, but it had long previously been obtained by Bates at Ega, in the
Upper Amazons Valley. We now know that it has a very wide range, extending to
the Brazilian provinces of Rio Grande and Matto Grosso in the south to the Mexican
State of Vera Cruz in the north.

A specimen sent us by Dr. Staudinger is named “ £. albicuspis, H.-S.,” doubtless from
Herrich-Schaffer’s type. It agrees in every particular with H. orcinus, the former
name having been applied to it a year later.

The male genitalia are peculiar, and unlike those of any species here placed near
Hydrenomia. The tegumen is short, cleft at the end, the two points divergent; the
scaphium is not strongly developed ; the harpes are concave at the end, from the middle
of the depression is a rounded lobe covered with dentate papilla, and serrate towards
the base of the upper edge. (See Tab. LXXXI. fig. 18.)

PARADROS.
Paradros, Watson, P. Z.8. 1898, p. 39.
Phareas, Plitz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1883, p. 451 (partim).

Mr. Watson’s type of this genus is Hudamus phenice, Hew., with which E. formosus,
Felder, is strictly congeneric. The latter species occurs within our limits, as well as
E. oriander, Hew. Four other species are found in various parts of South America.

The antenne are long, and have a long, slightly swollen club bent into an even curve
and ending in a fine point... Palpi with the third joint long, slender, and porrect.
Primaries with a slightly arched costa; outer margin convex, cell about two-thirds the
length of the wing; third median segment long, equal to the basal segment, the second
segment being halfas long again; lower discocellular rather short, shorter than the middle
discocellular. Secondaries with a slight anal lobe; the third median segment very short,

2¥2

348 | RHOPALOCERA.

the second median branch starting just before the end of the cell, second median
and second subcostal segments subequal. Hind tibie with two pairs of spurs and a
full dorsal crest or mane. The male has a distinct costal fold.

All the species of this genus have characteristic under surfaces to the wings, which
are strongly marked with yellow and white, and have a rich purple-red suffusion over
the darker portions of the outer half.

Mr. Watson places P. formosus in the genus Lignyostola; but we think this is wrong,
for it is closely allied to P. phenice, the specific characters even being not very

pronounced.

1. Paradros formosus. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 19, 20,214 )
Eudamus formosus, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 511, t. 71. ff. 6, 7°.
Phareas formosus, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 458 ?.

Lignyostola formosus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 39°.

Alis saturate fuscis ; anticis ad basin fulvo striolatis, macula ad medium marginis interni, supra venam sub-
medianam ejusdem coloris, maculis duabus subquadratis, una cellulari, altera infra eam, duabus ultra eas
et punctis duobus subapicalibus semihyalinis sulphureo tinctis ; posticis fasciis duabus transversis semi-
maculosis et costa ad basin fulvis, ciliis quoque fulvis: subtus ochraceo-fuscis lilacenti-purpureo suffusis ;
anticis ad basin et arex costalis triente basali ochraceo-fulvis, maculis sicut in pagina superiore, area.
interna nigricante ; posticis ad basin et margine interno ochraceo-fulvis, vitta irregulari literam C formante
alba, angulo anali plaga magna rotunda nigra maculaque nigra supra eam: corpore supra fulvo ; antennis
nigris ; palpis flavido-albis, segmento ultimo nigro; corpore subtus et pedibus pallide fulvis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Veraguas (Arcé).— VENEZUELA;

Gurana?; Nortu Brazit.

This beautiful species was described and figured by Felder from a specimen of un-
known origin. We have now ascertained that it has a wide range over the northern
portion of the South-American continent, from the State of Panama to beyond the
mouth of the Amazons.

Dr. Staudinger’s collectors have obtained specimens of both sexes in the district of
Chiriqui, and Arcé also found it near Santiago de Veraguas. The sexes hardly differ,
the costal fold to the primaries of the male being absent in those of the female.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen ending in blunt rounded points; the
scaphium is truncate, with a slight projecting lobe at the upper corner ; the harpes are
split horizontally, the upper portion produced into a long slightly deflected sharp rod,
the lower portion blunt and bearing at the end a single large recurved tooth. (See
Tab. LXXXI. fig. 21.)

2. Paradros oriander.
Eudamus oriander, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 20 (1867) }.

P. formoso similis, sed posticis subtus usque ad basin lilacino-purpureis, colore albo fere evanascente et ochraceo
tincto distinguendus.

Hab. Honpuras (Mus. Brit.)—Amazons VALLEY}; MARANHAM.

PARADROS.—DREPHALYS. 349

In the catalogue of the Hewitson collection E. oriander is sunk as a synonym of
E. formosus, but the two insects seem fairly separable by the characters given above.
The difference between them is not sexual, as we have before us males and females of
both forms.

P. oriander is included in this work on the evidence of a specimen in the British
Museum said to have come from Honduras. The type was obtained by Bates during
his journey to the Amazons, and we have one of his specimens from Para, where
Mr. Herbert Smith also found it. Others in our collection are from Maranham.

DREPHALYS.
Drephalys, Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 34.

Closely allied to Paradros, but may be distinguished by the rather shorter terminal
joint to the palpi, the more abruptly curved antenne, and by the greater production of
the secondaries. A distinct costal fold to the primaries in the male.

Mr. Watson established this genus for Hudamus helizus, Hew., and compared its
characters with those of Typhedanus. ‘There can be no doubt that Drephalys should
be placed next Paradros, and the only question that arises is whether these two genera
ought not to be merged into one. On the whole we think it best to keep them separate

on the grounds stated above.

1. Drephalys helixus. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 22, 23, 244.)
Eudamus helivus, Hew. Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1877, xx. p. 320°.
Drephalys helizus, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 34.

Alis saturate fuscis; anticis ad basin viridi-fulvo radiatis, areze costalis dimidio basali fulvo, macula ad medium
marginis interni albida, maculis duabus semihyalinis, una cellulari, altera infra eam et duabus ultra eas,
punctis duobus subapicalibus quoque semihyalinis ; posticis fasciis duabus transversis maculosis fulvis, una
per cellulam, altera discali: subtus rufescenti-fuscis ; anticis medialiter nigricantibus, maculis sicut in pagina
superiore ea ad medium marginis interni majore et albicantiore; posticis lilacino suffusis, area costali
glauco atomata, fascia mediana lata arcuata alba, nec costam neque marginem internum attingente, et:
margine interno ipso pro dimidio distali albis: antennis nigris; palpis albidis, segmento terminali nigro ;

corpore subtus et pedibus ochraceis.
Hab. Panama, Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).
Hewitson described this species from a specimen from an unknown source. The
only other examples we have seen were all sent us either by Arcé or M‘Leannan from

the State of Panama. .
There is no difference between the sexes, except that the male possesses a costal fold

to the primaries.
_ The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen; the scaphium is well developed; the

harpes are truncate, and from the middle of the terminal edge a short lobe arises.
(See Tab. LXXXI. fig. 24.)

350 RHOPALOCERA.

LIGNYOSTOLA.
Lignyostola, Mabille, Le Nat. x. p. 221 (1888); Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 89.

The type of this genus is Telegonus lacydus, Druce, redescribed by M. Mabille as
Lignyostola pemphigargyra, and with it L. crinisus (Cr.) seems to be fairly congeneric.
Eudamus formosus, Feld., included in this genus by Mr. Watson, belongs rather to
Paradros, where we have placed it.

In many points of structure Lignyostola resembles Paradros, having similar antenne
and palpi; the outline of the wings, too, is much the same. In Lignyostola the third
segment is shorter in proportion to the second than it is in Paradros, and the disco-
cellulars are more oblique to the axis of the wing. The hind tibie have an abdominal
as well as a dorsal fringe. Both genera have a costal fold to the primaries of the male.

The genus has a wide range in South America, but we have not traced it north of
Nicaragua in Central America.

1. Lignyostola lacydus. (Tab. LXXXI. fig. 25 ¢.)
Telegonus lacydus, Druce, P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 247, t. 18. £. 10°.
Lignyostola lacydus, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 39”.

Lignyostola pemphigargyra, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 221 (1888)°,

Alis saturate brunneis unicoloribus immaculatis: subtus pallidioribus: palpis et genis ferrugineis; capite
summo indistincte ferrugineo punctato ; corpore toto alis concolore.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Trotsch, in mus. Staudinger *).
—CotomBia; Upper AMAZONS VALLEY; Eastern Perv !.

Mr. Druce’s types of this species now before us formed part of Mr. Bartlett’s collection
made on the Ucayali River in Eastern Peru!. Another specimen, formerly in Mr. Druce’s
possession, came from Villa Nova in the Valley of the Amazons. We have also a
specimen from San Martin in the Llanos of the Rio Meta in Colombia. With these
southern specimens several from our country agree, including one lent us by
Dr. Staudinger with M. Mabille’s name Lignyostola pemphigargyra attached to it.

Though the wings are of a uniform dark brown, the species may readily be recognized
by the shape of the palpi and their ferruginous colour.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen; the scaphium is well developed; the
harpes are truncate, the terminal edge concave, a prominent tooth arising from the
middle, the lower corner is sharp-pointed, and the upper corner has a series of fine
but distinct serrations. (See Tab. LX XXI. fig. 25.)

2. Lignyostola crinisus.
Papilio crinisus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 300. ff. G, H?.
Phareas crinisus, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1883, p. 4527.
Lignyostola crinisus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 39°.

Alis fulvescenti-brunneis ad basin fulvis; anticis macula cellulari elongata, introrsum leviter extrorsum
profunde excisa, altera parva infra eam, altera ovali ad cellule finem, duabus submarginalibus et quatuor

LIGNYOSTOLA.—HYALOTHYRUS. 351

subapicalibus semihyalinis fulvo tinctis ; pusticis fasciis duabus evanescentibus pallide fulvis, una ad cellule
finem, altera discali: subtus ut supra, alis ad basin viridi lavatis; anticis maculis duabus alteris costalibus
supra macula cellulari; posticis plaga mediana irregulari fasciaque irregulari angusta submarginali:

antennis nigris, corpore fulvido, capite albido maculato, palpis et corpore subtus albidis; plica
costali obvia.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten).—Gutana!; Amazons VALLEY.

Several specimens of both sexes of this species were in a collection made by Mr. Van
Patten in Costa Rica, but we have no other evidence of the occurrence of Lignyostola
crinisus within our limits. These specimens agree with our series from the Amazons
Valley and Guiana and with Cramer’s figure, which shows the diaphanous spots on the
primaries very plainly, and also the dark border to the secondaries beneath, broken by
an irregular band of the same colour as the base of the wings.

The male genitalia have a cleft tegumen, the points depressed and divergent; the
scaphium is well developed and granular towards the ends; the harpes are split hori-
zontally, the two points diverging and horn-like, the lower one sharp, the upper one
blunt: a very different structure from that of L. lacydus.

. HYALOTHYRUS.
Hyalothyrus, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 23 (1878); Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 40.

Mr. Watson states that the members of this genus have only one pair of spurs to the
hind tibia; but the only species that has this character is H. infernalis (Méschl.).
H. nitocris (Cr.), the type of the genus, H. neleus, and H. priscus (Feld.) all have the
second subterminal pair of spurs. It therefore becomes a question if the absence of the
second pair of spurs is of much importance, H. infernalis in other respects being
obviously allied to the other species of the genus.

The antenne are rather long, the club very slender, slightly bent, and drawn to a
fine point at the end. Palpi with a long projecting porrect terminal joint. Primaries
with arched costa and rather pointed apex, the outer margin convex; cell long, quite
three-fourths the length of the wing; the upper discocellular long, the middle and
lower discocellulars short and subequal ; third median segment short, the second double
the third; discocellulars of secondaries feeble, third median segment long, the second
segment about equal to the second subcostal segment, anal angle slightly lobed, outer
margin rounded. Hind tibie with two pairs of spurs and a dorsal crest. Primaries
of the male with a costal fold.

The species of Hyalothyrus range from Nicaragua to Guiana and the Amazons Valley,
only one, H. nelews, occurring within our borders.

1. Hyalothyrus neleus. (Tab. LXXXI. fig. 27 9.)
Papilio neleus, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 260 ; Syst. Nat. 1. pt. 2, p. 792 (1767) (ex Clerck, Ic. Ins. t. 45. £. 2).
Hyalothyrus neleus, Mab. Aun. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 23; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 30.

302 . RHOPALOCERA.

9. Alis fuscis ; anticis maculis undecem semihyalinis notatis, una cellulari, duabus ad angulum analem, una
rami mediani secundi utrinque, una ad cellule finem et quinque subapicalibus in linea irregulari arcuata
positis ; posticis margine costali et margine externo ad angulum analem decrescente fuscis, area interna et
margine interno niveis : subtus ut supra: capite summo albo punctato ; genis, corpore subtus et abdomine
toto niveis.

3 nobis adhuc ignotus.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Panama, Chiriqui (Rzbbe, in mus.
Staudinger), Veraguas (Arcé).—AMAZONS VALLEY; GUIANA.

We have as yet only seen female specimens of this species ; but we have a male from
Colombia which we refer to Phareas priscus, Feld., and this has a costal fold to the
primaries.

Whether these two forms are really distinct is questionable, our materials are not
sufficient to determine the point. The few Central-American specimens we have seen
agree closely with others from Guiana and the Amazons Valley, and also with Clerck’s
figure, which represents the Linnean type.

PHANUS.
Phanus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 114 (1816); Wats. P. Z. S. 18938, p. 40.

The single species contained in this genus is not liable to be confused with any other,
the wings, both primaries and secondaries, having diaphanous marks far exceeding in
size and number those of any other Hesperid.

The antenne have a short club curved before the middle into a strong hook, tapering
to a fine point. Palpi with a short but distinct terminal joint, divergent as in the
preceding genera. The primaries have a gradually arched costa, the outer margin
convex, nearly straight towards the anal angle, which is acute; the cell is long, quite
three-quarters the length of the wing; the upper discocellular distinct, middle and
lower discocellulars subequal in a slightly oblique line to the axis of the wing; third
median segment short, not more than half the second segment; discocellulars of the
secondaries very feeble, the lower meeting the median at the origin of the second
branch, so that there is no third median segment, second median short, but longer
than the second subcostal segment. Hind tibie with two pairs of spurs and a dorsal
crest of hairs. Primaries of the male with a costal fold.

The type species ranges over the greater part of Tropical America, from the Mexican
State of Vera Cruz to South-eastern Brazil.

1. Phanus vitreus, (Tab. LXXXI. fig. 26 3.)

Papilio vitreus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 866. f. D?.

Phanus vitreus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schm. p. 1147; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 30°.

Entheus marshalli, Kirby, Sc. Pr. Roy. Dubl. Soc. (2) ii. p. 8389 (1880) *; Waterh. Aid ident. Ins.
i. t. 37°.

Alis nigris; anticis striis duabus cellularibus ad basin confluentibus, inferiore interrupta, macula magna

PHANUS.—ENTHEUS. 353:

subtriangulari infra cellulam extrorsum profunde sinuata, altera subquadrata ultra eam extrorsum quoque
sinuata, duabus ad angulum analem et punctis quinque subapicalibus in linea arcuata positis clare
hyalinis, margine interno squamis pallidis notato; posticis cellula fere omnino et maculis ultra eam in
seriebus duabus positis hyalinis, macula angulo anali proximo alba: subtus ut supra: antennis nigris,.
capite albo punctato, corpore supra pallide fusco crinito, palpis et corpore subtus fulvo-grisescentibus.

Hah. Mexico, Jalapa and Coatepec (W. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith);
British Honpuras, Corosal (Zoe); Guaremaua, forests of N. Vera Paz, Polochic Valley
(Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Senahu (Champion); Hoypuras (Dyson), Ruatan I. (Gaumer) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, David, Bugaba
(Champion), Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Calobre (Arcé).—Sourn AMERICA
generally from Colombia to Trinidad 4, Guiana!, and South Brazil.

Our description of this variable species is taken from a male from Nicaragua agreeing
closely with Cramer’s figure, and this form is found wherever the species occurs. With
these we find a very dark form in which the black colour is increased at the expense of
the diaphanous spots. This may be a seasonal variety, for it is so universally spread
with the more typical insect that we cannot believe the differences are of specific value.
Mr. Kirby’s Entheus marshalli* from Trinidad is somewhat intermediate between the
two forms just referred to. We have precisely similar specimens from Guatemala and
elsewhere, and we have no doubt that it is only a variety of P. vitreus.

P. vitreus is not a common insect at the extreme northern limits of its range, and we
have seen but few specimens from Vera Cruz and Guatemala, and those all from the
hot lowlands of the eastern side of the mountains. It becomes more abundant as we
proceed southwards, and in South America must be one of the most numerous in
individuals of the Hesperiide.

The male genitalia have the end of the tegumen rather tumid, cleft at the end,
the arms diverging, and each terminating with a double or appendiculate claw; the
scaphium is well developed; the harpes are drawn to a blunt point, the dorsal edge is
raised at the highest point in a truncate lobe, separated from the edge by a shallow
fissure on the proximal side and a deeper one on the distal side. (See Tab. LXXXI.

fig. 26.)

6. Hind tibiz with a single terminal pair of spurs.

ENTHEUS.

Entheus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 114 (1816) ; Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1883, p. 456; Wats.
P. Z. S. 1893, p. 40.
Phareas, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1883, p. 451 (partim).

Mr. Watson properly restricts this genus to the type E. peleus and its immediate
allies, numbering in all about seven species. The sexes, so far as we know them, of
most of the species are so different in their coloration that from the earliest times males

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., July 1894. 22

354 RHOPALOCERA.

and females have been described as different species. Plétz even goes so far as to put
them in different genera—the males in Hntheus, and the females in Phareas.

The antenne are long, slender, the club slender and curved into a crescent. Palpi
porrect, divergent, the third joint long and slender. Primaries short, the inner margin
longer than the outer, the middle portion of the costal margin straight, the cell about
two-thirds the length of the wing, the costal area wide, and the subcostal branches
well separated ; upper discocellular short, middle and lower discocellulars subequal in
a slightly oblique line to the axis of the wing; third median segment very short, hardly
a sixth of the length of the second segment; discocellulars of the secondaries very faint,
the radial just visible, second median branch from the end of the cell and twice
as long as the second subcostal branch, the anal angle very slightly projecting,
outer margin much rounded. Hind tibie short, much swollen distally, and with
a single terminal pair of spurs; a long tuft of hair from the upper edge of the
proximal end.

No costal fold in the male. Sexes widely different in coloration.

The range of Entheus extends from Guatemala to South Brazil, two species ocgurring
within our limits.

1. Entheus peleus.

Papilio peleus, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 327’; Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, p. 792° (ex Clerck, Icon. t. 45.
f.5°); Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 284. f. F*.

Papilio talaus, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 259°; Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, p. 792° (ex Clerck, Icon. t. 45. f. 1°) ;
Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 393. f. C*.

Paraminus talaus, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 154°.

Entheus talaus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 40.

Papilio priassus, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 819; Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, p. 793”.

Entheus priassus, Auriv. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. xix. 5, p. 110”.

¢o. Alis nigricanti-brunneis; anticis fascia lata transversa a costa ad angulum analem rufo-aurantia, fascia
altera subapicali et macula quadrangulari inter eas ad marginem externum pallidioribus: subtus omnino
ut supra: capite summo aurantio maculato, palpis (apice nigro excepto) et genis aurantiis.

9. Alis anticis dimidio distali maculis semihyalinis notato, una in cellula, altera bifida infra eam ad angulum

analem, una quadrangulari ad medium marginis externi, aliisque sex in linea fracta positis ad angulum

apicalem, cellula ad basin rufescente ; posticis are interna usque ad marginem internum alba: subtus ut-
supra, alis ad basin albis.

Hab. Panama (fibbe), Lion Hill (1/‘Leannan).—Sovuta America from Colombia and

Guiana to South Brazil.

Taking Clerck’s and Cramer's figures as the best representatives of Papilio peleus
rather than their figures of Papilio talaus, which represent a female of a species of:
this group, and about which there may be some doubt, we use LH. peleus as the name
of this common species. Regarding the female this difficulty arises, that little difference
exists between that sex of L peleus, E. gentius, E. lemna, and some others, the males
being very distinct, so that it is a matter of some difficulty to assign to each species its

ENTHEUS. 3598

proper female. So far as regards specimens from Panama, where alone in our country
Ef. peleus occurs, we are on more certain ground, and there can be no doubt that the
Specimens described above as sexes really bear that relationship to one another.

Though widely distributed over the southern continent, Z. peleus just enters our fauna,
where the only specimens we have seen of it were all taken on the line of the Panama
Railway. In Costa Rica and thence northward to Guatemala E. matho entirely takes
its place.

As a rule, male specimens are very uniform as regards the markings of the apical
portion of the primaries; we notice, however, that in nearly all our southern examples
the spot between the two orange bands is confluent with the inner band, whereas in
Panama and Colombian examples it occupies an independent position between the two
bands ; this is brought about by the shortening of this spot from the proximal end.
The shortening carried further gives us E. matho, so far as this character alone is
concerned.

The male genitalia have a very peculiar tegumen, which is cleft at the end, the arms
diverging and each expanding into a vertical triangular plate, the lower end of which
is acute, the outer edge having two teeth; from near the middle proceed two rods—
one on either side of the middle line—as long as the tegumen itself. The scaphium is
highly developed; the harpes are rounded at the end, and have a serrate lobe turned
downwards at the end.

2. Entheus matho. (Tab. LXXXI. figg. 28, 293, 302.)
Entheus matho, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 154°.

6. #. talao similis, sed alis rufescentioribus; anticis cellula ad basin rufa, linea transversa flavicantiore,
macula inter fascias exteriore approximante ; posticis area interna flavido-albicante.
@ femine LZ. talai similis, sed macula inter fascias angusta et prope fasciam externam sita.

Hab. Guatemata, Senahu (Champion), Choctum (fF. D. G. & O. S.1); Nicaraaua,
Chontales (Belé+); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

This is a northern form of £. peleus, but may be readily recognized by the characters
pointed out above. We have only seen two male specimens from Guatemala; but in

Nicaragua it appears to be more common, as Belt’s collection contains several examples.
The male genitalia resemble those of H. peleus. (See Tab. LXXXTI. fig. 29.)

SECTION B.

Club of the antenne usually sickle-shaped, but sometimes hooked, the apex acute
(except in the second subdivision containing Hesperia and its allies). ‘The third
joint of the palpi varies greatly, being short in many instances, as in Anastrus
and its allies, moderately long, as in Camptopleura, very long and drooping, or
Jong and porrect, as in Anisochoria. ‘This joint is never curved backwards as in

222

356 RHOPALOCERA.

some Pamphilinw. The cell of the primaries is usually short, and the discocel-
lulars in a straight line, more transverse than in the members of Section A; the
lower discocellular is usually longer than the middle, the lower radial thus lying
nearer to the upper radial than to the median; there is frequently a costal fold.
The hind legs are often furnished with a long tuft of hairs attached to the inside
of the proximal end of the tibie; this tuft, when the leg is pressed close to the
body, lies in a groove formed by the projecting portion of the metasternum over
the proximal end of the abdomen; the hind tibie always have two pairs of spurs
except in Pythonides amaryllis, Staud., and its immediate allies. The male geni-
talia have, for the most part, symmetrical harpes, but in a considerable number
they are asymmetrical, and many of these, perhaps, show a relationship to
Thanaos, in which an extreme degree of asymmetry is shown.

In the following arrangement we have been obliged to diverge considerably from the
generic key elaborated by Mr. Watson. The number of forms not included by
him, which have now to be considered, renders some change necessary. We are far
from satisfied with the arrangement now adopted, which, treating of a limited fauna, is
very imperfect. Nearly every character is subject to a graduated change from the
extreme forms in which it appears, and it is only by the combination of a number of
these unstable features that some natural combinations can be brought together. A
formal key to the genera does not give at all satisfactory results, as strained interpre-
tations of unstable characters almost inevitably result. We therefore have not
attempted to do more than give a few leading headings as a help to distinguish the
genera. We may add that the examination of male characters for the purpose of
discriminating species and even genera seems to us to be of increasing importance, and
the value of these characters in complicated cases like the present is, we believe, likely
to be enhanced.

The members of this section are distributed over the tropical and temperate portions
of nearly the whole world, Tropical America possessing the larger share.

a. Antenne with a short terminal hook, the bent portion not more than half the
length of the swollen club.

a. Secondaries of the male without a tuft of hair near the base of the costal margin;
subcostal nervure of the secondaries and its branch not swollen near their junction.

ARTEUROTIA.
Arteurotia, Butler & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 112 (1872); Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 45.

This genus was described by Messrs. Butler and Druce from the type and only
species A. tractipennis. Several other species have since been described by M. Mabille
and placed in it; but we doubt their being really congeneric. None of the latter

ARTEUROTIA. 357

appear to have the conspicuous patch of modified scales on the secondaries of the
male so obvious in A. tractipennis and an essential feature of the genus.

The antennez have a stout club; the hooked terminal portion is short, and not more
than half the length of the rest of the club. Palpi porrect, the third joint obtusely
conical. Primaries with the outer and inner margins subequal ; no costal fold; cell less
than two-thirds the length of the wing; discocellulars nearly transverse, the lower longer
than the middle; third median segment short, about one fourth the second segment.
Secondaries produced at the anal angle; cell wide; discocellulars feeble, subequal ;
radial just visible; third median segment very short, second median and second subcostal
segments subequal; a large patch of peculiar scales towards the apical angle; no tuft
of hairs; subcostal and its first branch not swollen. Hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs;
both hind and intermediate tibie spiny. Male genitalia with asymmetrical harpes.

Arteurotia, as restricted to A. tractipennis, is confined to Southern Mexico and
Central America.

1. Arteurotia tractipennis. (Tab. LXXXII. fig. 1¢.)

Arteurotia tractipennis, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 112 (1872)*; P. Z.S. 1874, p. 367°; Butl.
Lep. Ex. p. 187, t. lxiv. f. 5°; Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1882, p. 256%.

Helias (?) ribbei, Staud. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 117 (1875) ’.

Alis pallide fuscis griseo atomatis ; articis margine externo et fasciis duabus evanescentibus, transversis, fuscis,
plaga subtriangulari in costa ad apicem quoque fusca, macula intra eam et duabus ultra eam albis ; posticis
plaga magna costali angulum apicalem vix attingente nigricante albido cireumcincta, margine externo
fusco: subtus rufescenti-fuscis, marginibus externis (ciliis exceptis) et area basali griseo-albicantibus ;
posticis maculis albidis discalibus indistinctis notatis; palpis supra fuscis, subtus albis, apicibus nigris.

© mari similis, sed alis magis truncatis; anticis plaga magna fusca in dimidio proximo ; posticis plaga costali
nulla, sed fusco indistincte bifasciato ; subtus omnino magis rufescentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ;

GuatemMaLa, Choctum (F. D. G. & O. S.), Rio Naranjo and Zapote (Champion); Costa

Rica (Van Patten!?*); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (fibde°, Arcé),

Veraguas (Arcé).

This peculiar species, which has no near ally that we know of, is tolerably abundant
in the hotter parts of Eastern Mexico, Guatemala, and thence southwards to the State
of Panama. Mr. Herbert Smith captured a good series, including both sexes, at
Atoyac in Vera Cruz, in the month of April, and Mr. Champion also found it in
several parts of Guatemala, and in abundance at Bugaba, in the State of Panama.

The specimen described by Messrs. Butler and Druce formed part of Van Patten’s
Costa Rica collection; but some years previously we captured a worn example at
Choctum, in Eastern Guatemala. Dr. Staudinger bestowed the name of Helias ribbet
on this species, from specimens collected by Herr Ribbe at Chiriqui 5.

The large patch of modified scales on the secondaries of the male is a conspicuous

feature in this species.

358 RHOPALOCERA.

The genitalia of the male have a simple tegumen, ending in a single pointed rod,
bent into a hook at the end. The harpes are not symmetrical ; both are cleft horizon-
tally, each portion being drawn into a curved rod: in the right harpe the lower rod is
much the longer of the two and is bent upwards, the short upper rod straighter,

Imost crossing it; in the left harpe the upper rod is the longer and is more curved,
the lower much shorter and straighter. (See Tab. LX XXII. fig. 1.)

PYTHONIDES.
Pythonides, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 110 (1816); Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 51 (partim).

Mr. Watson divides this genus into two sections, in one of which he states that the
species have two pairs of spurs on the hind tibie and no tibial tuft; in the other only
the terminal pair of spurs is found, and there is a long tuft of hair from the proximal
end of the hind tibie. In reality there are three sections of Pythonides as under-
stood by Mr. Watson, for besides the two noticed by him there is a third, of which
P. loxus is typical, in which both pairs of spurs are present, besides the tibial tuft.

On looking further into the question we find that the first of these sections, con-
taining the typical species P. cerialis, is separable from the others, on the character of
the antenne, which have a club and hook agreeing with other genera of this division.
We therefore use the name Pythonides in this restricted sense, and place the other
divisions elsewhere.

The antenne have a small swollen club, and end in a short hook as in all the
members of this division. The palpi are porrect, the terminal joint short and obtusely
conical. The primaries are somewhat elongated, the inner margin rather longer than
the outer, and slightly concave near the anal angle; no costal fold; the cell is less than
two-thirds the length of the wing; the discocellulars nearly transverse, the lower and
middle subequal; the third median segment about one-third the second segment.
Secondaries slightly produced at the anal angle; discocellulars feeble, the lower longer
than the upper; the radial just visible; third median segment very short, the second
subcostal segment considerably shorter than the second median segment; no sexual
patch or tuft of hairs nor swollen nervures. The hind legs have two pairs of spurs to.
the tibie, but no tibial tuft. The harpes of the male genitalia are symmetrical.

The range of Pythonides extends over nearly the whole of tropical South America,
eleven species occurring within our borders.

1. Pythonides cerialis, (Tab. LXXXII. fig. 2¢.)
Papitio ceriahs, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 392. ff. N, O*; Stoll, Suppl. Cr. t. 10. ff. 1 A-C”.
Pythonides cerialis, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 7 (1884)*°; Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 514.
Alis fuscis ; anticis fascia submarginali pallida ad angulum apicalem et ad angulum analem squamis paucis

glaucis notata, maculis quinque, venis bene divisis plagam medianam formantibus, macula in cellula extrorsum
profunde sinuata, punctis quatuor in paribus ad angulum apicalem; posticis fasciis duabus indistinctis

PYTHONIDES. 359

glaucescentibus transversis, una per cellulam altera discali: subtus fuscis ; anticis medialiter pallidioribus,
punctis irregularibus apud marginem externum, maculis reliquis sicut in pagina superiore; posticis plus
quam dimidio basali nitide ceruleo, margine externo late fusco, squamis quibusdam glaucis apud angulum
analem.

mari similis, sed aliis anticis magis abbreviatis.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus),
Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemana, Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Panzos,
Cahabon, Zapote (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Panama, Volcan
de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Calobre (Arcé).
—Sourn America generally from Colombia to Paraguay and South Brazil.

P. cerialis is one of the commonest and most widely ranging species of the genus,
extending from the hotter low-lying districts of Mexico, over the whole of tropical
America to Southern Paraguay. We have a large series of specimens from various
points of this wide area, showing no tangible differences. The hind tibie have two
pairs of spurs, but no tibial tuft of hairs.

The male genitalia have a simple tegumen ending in a slightly depressed single rod ;
the scaphium hangs close to the under surface of the tegumen: the harpes have a very
sinuous dorsal edge, forming a lobe directed outwards near the middle; the end of each
harpe is a tapering simple lobe with a blunt rounded end. (See Tab. LXXXIL. fig. 2.)

2. Pythonides contubernalis. (Tab. LXXXII. figg. 3, 4,5.)
Pythonides contubernalis, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii. p. lxxvi (1883) '.
Pythonides praxis, Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 7 (1884) ??

P, ceriali similis, sed anticis maculis omnibus semihyalinis minoribus, fascia submarginali interrupta, omnino
lete cerulea ; posticis fasciis duabus transversis lete ceruleis, fascia quoque maculosa ad marginem ex-
ternum ejusdem coloris: subtus posticis colore ceruleo multo magis extenso ad marginem externum
extendente, angulo apicali et linea submarginali indecisa tantum nigricanti-fuscis,

mari similis, fasciis posticarum minus vivide ceruleis.

Hab. Guatemala, Polochic Valley (7. D. G. & O. S.), Panima (Champion); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Trdtsch, in mus. Staudinger), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—
AMAZONS VALLEY; GuIANA!?; Braziul.

A male specimen from Chiriqui, named by M. Mabille and kindly lent us by
Dr. Staudinger, enables us to determine this species with certainty. It is nearly allied
to P. cerialis, but may be readily recognized by the smaller spots on the primaries and
by the two conspicuous blue bands on the secondaries. These differences are confirmed
by the male genitalia of the two species. ‘he hind tibiw have two pairs of spurs, but
no tibial tuft of hairs.

P. contubernalis was described by M. Mabille 1 from specimens in his own collection
from Guiana and Brazil. We have a good series from Bugaba and Panama, a few
from Guatemala, and one from the Amazons Valley from near the mouth of the Rio

Napo.

360 RHOPALOCERA.

The male genitalia differ from those of P. cerialis in having a more slender tegumen ;
the dorsal edge of the harpes is much straighter and only slightly undulating from the
middle to the extremity, which again is less produced and blunter. (See Tab. LXXXIL.

fig. 5.)

3. Pythonides anicius, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXII. figg. 6,7 ¢.)

P. cerialt quoque similis, sed anticis fere omnino immaculatis, fascia submarginali cerulea multo interrupta,
maculis semihyalinis nullis ; posticis sicut in P. contubernali, sed fasciis ceruleis magis saturatis: subtus.
anticis unicoloribus ; posticis fere omnino ceruleis, angulo apicali et linea interrupta submarginali tantum
fuscis.

Hab. GuatTEMALA, Zapote (Champion).

We have two males of this form, which appears to be distinct from P. contubernalis,.
its nearest ally. The secondaries have two transverse blue bands as in P. contubernalis,.
but the primaries both above and beneath are nearly uniform, and with the hyaline
spots wholly absent or evanescent. ‘The hind tibia, as in the allied forms, have two
pairs of spurs but no tibial tuft. The harpes of the male genitalia are shorter and.
more rounded at the extremity, and the dorsal edge is less undulating; the scaphium,
too, appears to be more produced.

4, Pythonides belti, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXII. figg. 8, 9, 10 ¢.)
Helias paterculus, Hew. Cat. Coll. p. 239 (nee Herr.-Sch.) '.

Alis fuscis glauco atomatis ; anticis abbreviatis, margine externo convexo ad angulum analem sensim exciso,.
lineolis irregularibus transversis nigris notatis, punctis tribus medianis semihyalinis nigro limbatis,.
uno parvo subtriangulari intra cellulam, altero subquadrato infra eum, tertio parvo elongato extra eos;
punctis tribus subapicalibus quoque semihyalinis, margine externo fulvo variegato ; posticis angulo anali
producto, lineolis valde irregularibus nigris, una basali, duabus discalibus angulum analem versus concur-
rentibus et una submarginali maculosa: subtus anticis nigro-fuscis ad costam et ad marginem externum
fulvo variegatis, maculis semihyalinis ut supra ; posticis lete ceruleis, ad angulum apicalem fuscis, punctis.
nigris juxta eum.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt 1).

We have four male specimens of this pretty species from Belt’s collection, and there-
are four in the Hewitson collection from the same source under Herrich-Schaffer’s name
Hehias paterculus. ‘Though doubtless belonging to this section of Pythonides, P. beltt
is rather aberrant, the outer margin of the primaries being more convex than in
P. cerialis, giving those wings a somewhat truncate appearance; the secondaries, too,.
have the anal angle more produced than usual in other members of Pythonides. The
hind tibie have two pairs of spurs but no tibial tuft.

The male genitalia have a simple tegumen ending in a single point; the scaphium is.
well developed ; the harpes end in a long slightly upturned lobe, and there is another
short lobe starting from near the base of the dorsal edge; this arrangement is not.
unlike that of P. cerialis. (See Tab. LXXXII. fig. 10.)

PYTHONIDES. 361

5. Pythonides lugubris. (Tab. LXXXII. figg. 11, 12, 13¢.)

Leucochitonea lugubris, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 4761.

Achlyodes ophia, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 517 ?.

Pterygospidea sephara, Hew. Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1878, i. p. 344°.

Pythonides cobarus, Méschl. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 211‘; Ploétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver..
XXXvil. p. 6 (1884) °.

Udranomia ambla, Hery.-Schif. apud Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxvi. p. 266 (1882) °.

Alis anticis abbreviatis, margine externo valde rotundato ad angulum analem incurvato, margine interno leviter:
arcuato, angulo anali paulo hamato, brunneis, maculis hyalinis fere ut in P. ccriali, omnibus nigro limbatis,
punctis. subapicalibus quatuor in linea irregulari positis, secundo a costa maximo, quarto minimo, linea
irregulari submarginali medialiter obsoleta, altera obliqua ad medium marginis interni indistincta, nigri-
cantibus ; posticis ad finem ven subcostalis productis, brunneis fere unicoloribus, fascia lata transversa ad
basin nigricante, altera abbreviata ad angulum apicalem, punctis indistinctis discalibus ejusdem coloris:
subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus maculis et fasciis omnibus valde indistinctis; palpis subtus albidis ad
apicem fuscis.

(H. H. Smith, Schumann) ; Guatemaua, San Gerénimo, Zapote (Champion) ; Honpuras

( Witthiigel, in mus. Staudinger); Nicazagua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, San Fran-

cisco, Caché (Rogers).—CotomBia*, VENEZUELA2; TRINIDAD; Brazin3.

We have examined the types of Achlyodes ophia, Butler, Pterygospidea sephara,
Hewitson, and Pythonides cobarus, Moschler, and have also before us a specimen named
by Semper Udranomia ambla from Plotz’s drawings, and can find no specific difference
between them. Having also a good series of specimens from the Mexican State of
Vera Cruz, whence R. Felder’s Leucochitonea luqubris was derived, the description of
which agrees closely with the present insect, we have no hesitation in adopting the
latter specific name for it. Pythonides lugubris, as we propose to call this species,
affords a good illustration of the confused state of the nomenclature of the Hesperiide,
as it has received five specific names at the hands of various authors, and been referred
to as many genera by them!

It is a fairly abundant species in Eastern Mexico, and thence southwards throughout
Central America, and has also a wide range on the southern continent. Its nearest
relative is Pythonides truncata (Hew.), from Bolivia; but it may readily be distinguished
by the less angular secondaries and the absence of the blue-grey colour of the same
wings beneath.

The male genitalia are simple; the tegumen is rather elongated and slightly depressed ;
the scaphium well developed and long; the harpes are symmetrical, rather long, and
upturned, with a truncate end and a deep fissure on the dorsal edge. (See Tab. LX XXII.
fig. 13.) |

aoe

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1894. Qa

362 RHOPALOCERA.

6. Pythonides zera. (Tab. LXXXII. figg. 14, 15, 16 ¢.)

Achlyodes zera, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 514°; Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. XXxvil. p. 20
(1884) *.

Thanaos paterculus, Herr.-Schaff. Corr.-Blatt Regensb. xvii. p. 141 (1863) °?

Alis saturate schistaceis, anticis margine externo, costa ad apicem maculisque indistinctis discalibus brunneis,
maculis duabus infra cellulam (inferiore majore), altera parva subapicali hyalinis, fascia submarginali
interrupta, margine costali introrsum valde irregulari, fasciaque brevi obliqua ad medium marginis interni
saturate brunneis; posticis fascia interrupta submarginali, altera lata ad basin et duabus indistinctis
discalibus saturate brunneis: subtus omnino brunnescentioribus; anticis plaga magna ad angulum analem
maculisque duabus ad costam ochraceo-brunneis; posticis dimidio costali ejusdem coloris fusco macu-
latis, dimidio interno usque ad medium marginis externi glauco-cerulescentibus ; palpis infra glaucis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (fiée).—Soutn America, Venezuela !? to Brazil ?.

This species was described by Mr. Butler from specimens in Mr. Druce’s collection
said to be from Venezuela!. ‘They agree with several examples in our collection and
in that of Dr. Staudinger from Chiriqui, where the species appears to be not uncommon.
We also have specimens from Costa Rica, and, in the south, from the neighbourhood
of Rio Janeiro.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us specimens marked 7. paterculus, Herrich-Schaffer; but
this insect is so briefly described that we hesitate to substitute this name for
Mr. Butler’s, the types of which are before us. |

The male genitalia resemble those of P. lugubris to a great extent, so far as the
tegumen is concerned; the scaphium is long and reaches almost to the end of the
tegumen: the harpes are symmetrical and are deeply cleft ; the lower branch is a strong,
curved, comparatively narrow rod; the upper branch is slender and curved downwards,
reaching to about the centre of the circle, of which the outer margin of the lower
branch is a portion of the circumference. (See Tab. LXXXII. fig. 16.)

7. Pythonides menedemus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXII. figg. 17, 18 3.)

P. zere similis, sed minor ; anticis margine externo regulariter convexo, margine interno rectiore ad angulum
analem haud hamato; posticis magis elongatis; anticis maculis semihyalinis minutis: subtus omnino
obscurioribus, colore ochraceo vix tincto ; posticis dimidio distali cretaceo-albo, ciliis fuscis,

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (2bde).—Amazons.

Of this species we have two male specimens from Chiriqui, both of Herr Ribbe’s
collecting, and a third from Para taken by Mr. H. H. Smith. The species differs in
many ways from P. zera, and is no doubt quite distinct.

8. Pythonides hyacinthinus. (Tab. LXXXII. figg. 19, 20, 21 ¢.)
Telemiudes hyacinthinus, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 165 (1877)*.

P. zere quoque affinis, sed alis sicut in P. menedemo formatis: subtus obscurior ; posticis colore ceruleo angulo
anali restricto.

Hab. Nicaraaua, Chontales (Belé); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde).

PYTHONIDES. 363

In the shape of its wings this species is more nearly allied to P. menedemus than to
P. zera; but it is a rather larger insect, and the blue colour of the distal portion of the
secondaries is more pronounced and of the same shade as in P. zera; whereas in
P. menedemus the tint is a chalky-white, hardly shaded with blue at all.

_ Our Nicaraguan specimens agree with a named specimen of Telemiades hyacinthinus,
kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger, the type being in M. Mabille’s collection !.

The harpes of the male genitalia are wide, rounded at the end to the upper corner,
which bears a short slightly recurved tooth; on the dorsal edge near the base is a
short narrow lobe, slightly directed forwards. (See Tab. LX XXII. fig. 21.)

9. Pythonides scybis, sp.n. (‘lab. LXXXII. figg. 22, 23 3.)

P. zere similis ; anticis ad basin fere omnino nigricantibus, angulo anali haud hamato, margine interno fere-
recto; posticis maculis discalibus nigris, fere evanescentibus: subtus maculis omnibus obscuris minus
obviis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Panama, Chiriqui (fibbe).—Co.omstia ; Bouivia.

There is a difference in the distribution of the blue colour of the secondaries in this
species between the Mexican and more southern specimens, one of the latter of which
is figured. In the former the inner margin of this colour is straight and reaches the
middle of the outer margin, whereas in the latter it is curved and does not touch the
margin until it approaches the anal angle. In all other respects our series presents no
differences.

P. scybis differs from both P. menedemus and P. hyacinthinus in the shape of its
secondaries, which are rounded and not produced at the anal angle.

10. Pythonides phila, sp. n. (Tab. LXX XII. figg. 24, 25 ¢.)
P. scybi, quoad colores pagine alarum superioris, similis : subtus obscurioribus et colore ceruleo posticarum
omnino absente distinguendus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde).

We have a single specimen of this species sent us by Dr. Staudinger. The absence
of the blue colour on the underside of the secondaries at once distinguishes it from the
four preceding species. From P. wpelopea, which follows, it differs in its more
ochraceous under surface, and in the absence of a dark border to the upper surface of
both wings.

11. Pythonides pelopea, sp. n. (Tab. LX XXII. figg. 26, 27 ¢ .)

Preecedenti similis, sed alis obscurioribus, extrorsum nigricante marginatis: subtus fuscescentioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra de Tepic (W. B. Richardson).—AMAzoNS VALLEY ; BRazIL.

This is clearly a species distinct from any of the foregoing. Our single Mexican
specimen is not in good condition, and we therefore figure one from Sao Paulo,

Amazons, which agrees closely with it. ;
AQ

364 RHOPALOCERA.

SPIONTADES.
Spioniades, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 114 (1816); Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 58.

Papilio artemides, Cramer, has been designated the type of this genus by Hubner,
and with it Nerula abbreviata and N. pelia of M. Mabille must be associated. Nerula
nautes of the same author, which Mr. Watson considers the type of the genus Neru/a,
belongs elsewhere ; and having tufts (in the male) on the secondaries, just as in Cogia
chalcas, had best be placed next the genus Cogia, if not merged with it *.

The antenne are like those of the other members of this section, having a rather
stout club with a short attenuated end. The palpi have a short porrect terminal joint.
The primaries are blunt, almost truncate, the outer margin being much rounded; the
cell is less than two-thirds of the length of the wing, the subcostal branches well sepa-
rated, the fourth subcostal segment considerably shorter than either of the two segments
preceding it, the lower and middle discocellulars subequal and slightly oblique, the
third median segment very short, the second longer than the first ; the secondaries are
slightly produced at the anal angle, the discocellulars and radial very feeble, the third
median segment very short, the first median and first subcostal subequal. Hind tibiz
with two pairs of well-developed spurs, which are fringed along their sides next the
joint; there is also a long tuft of hairs from the inside of the proximal end of the
- tibiee.

The range of Spioniades extends from Nicaragua to Bolivia and the Brazilian
provinces of Matto Grosso and Minas Geraes.

1. Spioniades artemides. (Tab. LX XXII. figg. 28, 29, 30 ¢.)

Papilio artemides, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 391. ff. L, M’.

Spioniades artemides, Hiibu. Verz. bek. Schm. p. 114°; Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 59°.

Alis anticis nigricantibus, squamis czrulescentibus sparsim atomatis, punctis quatuor subapicalibus in figura
quadrata positis semihyalinis, alteris tribus (una costali duabus in cellula) lineisque angustis infra
cellulam ejusdem coloris; posticis ad basin nigricantibus, angulo apicali brunneo, dimidio distali albo,
maculis submarginalibus fuscis ea ad angulum analem maxima: subtus anticis et dimidio pusticarum

proximo fusco-nigricantibus, harum dimidio distali albo, maculis submarginalibus nullis: palpis infra
griseis, abdomine ad apicem albo.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).—
VENEZUELA; AMAZONS VALLEY; Gurana!; Sovutn Brazit.

In Cramer’s figure of this species the hyaline spots of the primaries are scarcely
shown, and the secondaries have a more continuous dark border, which is not broken

* We have specimens from Dr. Staudinger named Nerula nautes which agree with the types of Hesperia
fibrena, Hew., in the British Museum, The latter specific name, given in 1877, has several years’ priority,
and the species must stand as Nerula fibrena (Hew.). If the name Cogia is rejected for the reason already

stated (anted, p. 338), and Nerula prove to be congeneric, the latter name may be used instead of the former
for this genus.

SPIONIADES.—ERACON. 365

up into spots as in all the specimens before us. The large spot near the anal angle is
shown, and we have no doubt that our specimens may properly be referred to Spioniades
artemides.

The range of this species extends chiefly over the eastern and northern portions of
South America; we trace it to Venezuela, and even to the Isthmus of Panama, where
it comes into close contact with the allied 8. adbreviata.

We figure a male from Chiriqui.

The male genitalia have two long curved rods, one on either side of the central hook
of the tegumen; the harpes are symmetrical, cleft at the end into two thickened lobes

which slightly overlap each other, the lower one being truncate, the upper rounded.
(See Tab. LXX XII. fig. 30.) |

2. Sploniades abbreviata.
Nerula abbreviata, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 255 (1888).

S. artemidi persimilis, sed alis anticis magis abbreviatis, latioribus, margine externo magis rotundato, maculis
hyalinis majoribus, et macula fusca posticarum apud angulum analem a margine magis remota.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui
{Trotsch, in mus. Staudinger !).—CotomBiA ; Bo.tvia.

This insect is very closely allied to Spioniades artemides, but may be recognized by
the slight characters given above. It was described by M. Mabille from a specimen in
Dr. Staudinger’s collection kindly lent us by its owner, and now before us. With it
our series from Nicaragua southwards to Bolivia agrees very closely ;. but a single male
specimen from the line of the Panama Railway belongs to the more eastern form,
S. artemides.

ERACON, gen. nov.

Arteurotia biternata, Mabille, differs materially from the type of Arteurotia, and not
agreeing with any of the described genera we are obliged to assign it to a distinct
genus, though we do so with some diffidence, as our materials are not sufficient to
enable us to make a full examination of its characters by dissections.

In shape of wings and in general coloration Hracon biternata resembles Pellicia
bromias (Mab.) (also placed in Arteurotia by that author), but the secondaries are
rather more elongated and the primaries more rounded at the apex ; moreover, there is
no tuft of hairs near the base of the costal margin of the secondaries. The primaries
have a conspicuous black spot with two white dots in the cell, recalling some members
of the genus Cyclosemia, in which, on the other hand, the secondaries are much less
produced.

The antenne and palpi resemble those of Pellicia bromias, but the hind tibie are
furnished with a tuft of hairs as in Sproniades. There is no costal fold to the
primaries.

366 RHOPALOCERA.

We have specimens of several unnamed species in our collection, apparently congeneric
with Eracon biternata. Arteurotia bufonia, Méschier, of which we have recently
examined the type, also belongs to the same genus.

1. Kracon biternata. (Tab. LXXXIII. figg. 1, 2 ¢.)
Arteurotia biternata, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 217, f. 4 (1889) *.

Alis brunneis, fasciis tribus communibus margini externo plus minusve parallelis obscurioribus ; anticis punctis.
tribus subapicalibus triangulum formantibus et tribus ad medium coste linea recta positis (duobus in
cellula in macula nigra sitis), omnibus semihyalinis: subtus magis ferrugineis, fasciis indistinctis, punctis.
hyalinis ut in pagina superiore: palpis segmento apicali fusco, reliquis subtus et corpore infra albidis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (bbe, in mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of this species, which was taken in Chiriqui by
Ribbe and described by M. Mabille in 18891. It is the only specimen we have seen, and
from it our figure is taken. :

GORGOPAS, gen. nov.

This genus is proposed for a small group of species having the antenne and the
_ general shape of the wings like the members of Pedlicia, but in which the males have
a distinct costal fold and no tuft of hairs near the base of the costal margin of the
secondaries. ‘There is no tibial tuft on the hind legs, nor are the tibial spines fringed.
The upper portion of the head and prothorax is nsually bright metallic green, and in
some cases, as in Gr. chlorocephala (Latr.), the same colour spreads over the bases of the
wings. Lelemiades hybridus, Mabille, also belongs to this genus. The harpes of the
male genitalia are symmetrical.

1. Gorgopas viridiceps. (Tab. LXXXIII. fige. 3, 4,5¢.)
Achlyodes viridiceps, Butler & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p- 115 (1872)°; P. Z.S. 1874, p. 370°.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis fere unicoloribus; anticis ad apicem vix pallidioribus, punctis tribus in linea recta
positis subapicalibus semihyalinis: subtus pallidioribus, posticis ad angulum analem pallide brunneis,.
fasciis tribus indistinctis margine externo subparallelis notatis : palpis supra, capite inter oculos, pro-
thorace supra, et tegulis nitide aureo-viridibus, palpis infra griseis.

$ mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus dimidio distali pallide brunneo, fasciis indistinctis obscurioribus notatis :
subtus posticis ad angulum analem pallidis, fasciis indistinctis notatis. .

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten} ?).—CoLoOMBIA; VENE-
ZUELA; AMAZONS; E. Perv. . .

This species, of which we have the type from Costa Rica before us, is closely allied
to Hesperia chlorocephala, Latr., which we now refer to this genus, but differs constantly
in the darker colour of the wings and the absence of the shining green colour which
overspreads the base of the wings of the latter species. The ranges of the two are to
some extent coincident, but @. chlorocephala has not been detected within our limits.

GORGOPAS.—PELLICLA. 367

The green head, well developed costal fold, and the absence of a tuft of hairs
on the secondaries, near the base of the costa, at once distinguish these insects
from Pellicia, to some species of which genus they otherwise have a considerable
resemblance.

The male genitalia have a simple slender tegumen ending in a straight rod; the
scaphium is not apparent; the harpes are wide, ending in two lobes, with a narrow cleft

between them, at the base of which is a smaller rounded dependent lobe. (See Tab.
LXXXIII. fig. 5.)

6’. Secondaries of the male with a tuft of hair near the base of the costal margin ;
subcostal nervure of the secondaries and its branch more or less swollen near
their junction.

PELLICIA.

Pellicia, Herr.-Schiaffer, Corr.-Blatt Regensb. 1870, p. 159; Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxvi. p. 233
(1882) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 56.

We restrict this genus to the species in which the males have a very distinct tuft of
long hairs arising between the costal nervure and the costal margin of the secondaries ;
the subcostal branch of the same wings is usually swollen near to where it parts from
the subcostal, and the subcostal itself is swollen near the same angle. The only other
genera that have these characters are Mycteris and Hemipteris, the former differing in
having more prominent porrect palpi, the latter in its peculiarly small secondaries.

The obscure markings of most of the species of Pellicia makes them very difficult
of recognition, and their determination from descriptions an almost hopeless task.
We have availed ourselves, as far as possible, of facilities of comparing our series
with named specimens in Dr. Staudinger’s collection and in the British Museum.
We have also a few from Herr Semper which have been named from Plotz’s drawings.
All these names we have used, but there remain several undetermined species in our
collection some of which we have been obliged to name, though there are several
briefly and insufficiently described species in various works which we are unable to
recognize.

In Pellicia there is no costal fold to the primaries nor any sexual patch on the
secondaries as in Arteurotia. The primaries are rather pointed, the outer margin
convex; the discocellulars are nearly transverse, the lower being slightly shorter than
the middle ; the third median segment is short, the second long and slightly arched ;
the discocellulars of the secondaries are very feeble, and the radial only just traceable ;
the third median segment very short, the second subcostal Segment shorter than the
second submedian segment. The hind tibiee have two pairs of spurs and a dorsal crest,
but no tufts from the proximal end.

The male genitalia, which are described in detail below, and differ much in each

368 RHOPALOCERA.

species, furnish the best characters for dividing the species. Nearly all are asym-
metrical as to their harpes, and even the tegumen in one case seems to have asymme-
- trical accessories.

The species of Pellivia are widely diffused over the greater part of Tropical America.
In our country we find nine species, some of which appear to be peculiar to it, whilst.
others, such as P. polyctor, spread from Southern Mexico to South Brazil.

The following key gives some aid towards the discrimination of the members of the
first section of the genus, all of which have a very great outward similarity to one
another :—

a. Apex of the primaries with small diaphanous spots.
a’. Submarginal and transcellular bands of the primaries independent.
a", Tuft on the secondaries long. . . . . . . . . 1 1. Ottphys.
6", Tuft on the secondaries short.
a", Spots of the discal band of the secondaries beneath uniform . . macareus.
b", Spots of the discal band of the secondaries beneath with pale
centres 6. we ee ee ee ee ee ee yetiene.
b'. Submarginal and transcellular bands of the primaries united below the
cll... we ee ee eee we . Sromias.
6. Apex of the primaries without diaphanous spots.
c’. Terminal joint of the palpi comparatively long.
c’’, Anal angle of the secondaries beneath not white.
el, Costal portion of the primaries above and both wings beneath

glossed with purple . . . . . . . . . .. . Ocostimacula.
d'", No purple gloss on the wings . . . . . . 1...) Oiddia.
d’’. Anal angle of the secondaries beneath more or less white . . . . meno.

da’. Terminal joint of the palpi comparatively short . thyestes.

A. General colour of the wings dark brown, with indistinct darker markings.

a. Apex of the primaries with small diaphanous spots.

1. Pellicia tiphys, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXIII. figg. 6, 7,8 3, 9,10 @.)
Saturate brunnea, fasciis tribus communibus saturatioribus vix obviis, mediana anticarum abbreviata fasciam.
_discalem haud concurrente: subtus pallidioribus, anticis fere unicoloribus; posticis dimidio distali dilu--
tiore, fasciis tribus interruptis marginem internum haud attingentibus notatis.

Q anticis apice magis abbreviato ; posticis magis rotundatis, pallidioribus, fasciis omnibus magis obviis : subtus.
quoque dilutioribus, fasciis posticarum distinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla (F. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac:
(H. H. Smith, Schumann), Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H.S.), Oaxaca (Fenechio),
Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. 8.); Guaremaa, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson),
Zapote, Duefias, San Gerénimo, Panima (Champion), Central Valleys, Polochic Valley

PELLICIA. 369

(F. D. G. & 0. S.); Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion),
Lion Hill (‘ZLeannan).—CotomBia: GurANA.

This is one of the commonest species of Pellicia in Mexico and Central America,
especially so in the Mexican State of Vera Cruz, where it occurs from near the sea-level
to a height of 3000 or 4000 feet in the mountains. In Guatemala it occurs as high as
5000 feet near Duefias, but is more abundant in the lower forest country on either
side of the main mountain chain. The male genitalia have a simple, rather elongated,
slightly depressed tegumen; below it on either side is a curved structure with a
distinctly chitonized slightly serrate edge, below which, again, are two small serrate
projections, possibly the scaphium : the harpes are not symmetrical ; they both have a
rounded simple upper lobe, but that on the right side has a more slender edge, that on
the left side is more strongly serrate and curves round on its lower edge into a kind of
subsidiary lobe also strongly serrate ; the lower portion of each harpe is produced
forwards into a point and serrate along the upper edge, that on the right side is only
slightly upturned, that on the left much more curved and not so sharp. (See Tab.
LXXXIII. fig. 8.)

The species to which P. tiphys is most nearly allied is P. bessus, Méschl. (Verh. z.-b.
Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 341, t. 4. f. 25), the type of which has been kindly lent us by
Dr. Staudinger. This isa rather darker form with more rounded secondaries, and with
differences in the male genitalia, the upper lobe of the left harpe being quite simple at

the base of the fissure, instead of much thickened; the lower lobe, too, is shorter and
straighter.

2. Pellicia macareus. (Tab. LXXXIII. fig. 11, ¢.)
Pellicia macareus, Herr.-Schiff. Corr.-Blatt Regensb. 1870, p. 160°; Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr.
XxV1. p. 254 (1882) ?.

P. tiphys persimilis, alis magis rotundatis, posticis minus elongatis et penicillo breviore distinguendus.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (Schumann), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Choctum
(fF. D.G. & O. S.); Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Champion),
Panama (fibbe, in mus. Staudinger).—VENEZUELA ; AMAZONS VALLEY.

We have a Venezuelan specimen from Herr Semper, named by him P. macareus,
with a reference to Plétz’s drawing, no. 191. It is a female, but apparently belongs to
the same species as a series of examples from Mexico and Central America in our
possession.

The range of P. macareus, as thus determined, extends to the lowlands of the Mexican
State of Vera Cruz, where it occurs with P. tiphys at Atoyac, but not in such pro-
fusion. Both species also occur together at Teapa in the State of Tabasco.

The male genitalia present several differences from those of P. tiphys, which will be
best understood by comparing the figures. (See Tab. LXXXIII. fig. 11.)

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1894. 3B

870 RHOPALOCERA.

3. Pellicia nyctineme. (Tab. LXXXIII. fig. 12 ¢ .)
Achlyodes nyctineme, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 155°.
Pellicia nyctineme, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 56’.

Preecedenti similis, sed fasciw discalis posticarum subtus maculis omnibus interne pallidis distinguenda.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt) —Cotomsia ; Amazons VALLEY '.

We have two specimens, male and female, from Nicaragua, and two males from
Colombia, which agree fairly with Mr. Butler’s type of this species.

P. nyctineme is a close ally of P. macareus, but seems to be distinguishable externally
by the slight difference indicated above. ‘The male genitalia are very distinct from
those of P. macareus and P. tiphys, as an examination of the figures will show. (See
Tab. LXXXITI. fig. 12.)

4. Pellicia bromias. (Tab. LX XXIII. figg. 13,14 3,15 9.)
Arteurotia bromias, Mab. in litt.

Alis anticis fascia discali et fascia per cellulam infra eam concurrentibus, omnibus magis obviis; posticis mar-
gine externo ad angulum analem sinuato, angulo ipso paulo producto.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Chilpancingo, Dos Arroyos, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ;
GuaTEeMALA, Duefas (1. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama,
Chiriqui (Lidbe). |

This species may be recognized without much difficulty from the other Central-
American members of Pellicia by the arrangement of the dark bands on the primaries,
the two outer ones being confluent below the cell.

It is a common species in Southern Mexico, spreading into the Pacific coast region of
Guatemala.

We have experienced some difficulty with the dissections of the male genitalia of
this species, as in the five specimens we have examined they are not so much alike as is
usually the case with these organs. ‘There are no tangible external characters justifying
any separation of our series into two or more species ; and as the male genitalia examined
tend to show that the more diverse forms are connected by intermediate ones, we are
driven to the conclusion that these parts in this particular species are more variable
than usual. (See Tab. LXXXIII. fig. 14.)

6. Apex of the primaries without diaphanous spots.

5. Pellicia costimacula., (Tab. LXXXIII. figg. 16,17, 18 3.)
Pellicia costimacula, Herr.-Schiaff. Corr.-Blatt Regensb. 1870, p. 1601; Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr.
XXVi. p. 255 (1882) *.

Alis saturate brunneis; anticis costa, basi et fasciis tribus transversis pallidioribus et purpureo tinctis, prima
et secunda a basi infra cellulam confluentibus, tertia submarginali ; posticis fasciis duabus maculosis valde

PELLICIA. — 871

indistinctis, quoque purpureo tinctis notatis : subtus omnino purpureo suffusis, anticis minus, posticis magis
distincte fasciatis ; palpis fuscis, griseo vix atomatis.

2 alis omnino fuscescentioribus, anticis magis abbreviatis: subtus precipue ad angulum posticarum analem
pallidioribus.

Hab. Mexico, La Venta, Tierra Colorada, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid
in Yucatan (Gaumer); Guatemata, Chiacam, Tocoy, Panima, Zapote (Champion) ;
Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Libbe).— VunezvELa?; Perv; AMAZONS
VALLEY; Brazi 2.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us specimens from Chiriqui under this name, having doubt-
less compared them with the type.

The marking of the primaries in this species renders it readily distinguishable from
the other members of the genus found in Central America. The palpi are rather longer
than usual, showing that P. costimacula approaches the genus Mycteris in this respect.
The subcostal nervure of the secondaries and its branch are much swollen near their
junction, the upper discocellular meeting the subcostal just beyond the swollen
part.

The range of this species is very extensive and probably includes nearly the whole of
Tropical America, Our specimens are from various points of Southern Mexico, and
thence southwards to the Brazilian Provinces of Rio Grande and Matto Grosso. Its
range in altitude extends from the sea-level to a height of 2000 to 3000 feet.

The male genitalia are more complex as to the harpes than those of most of the
other species of the genus Pellicia ; they are not quite symmetrical, but their outlines
can best be understood by reference to the figures. (See Tab. LX XXIII. fig. 18.)

6. Pellicia didia. (Tab. LX XXIII. figg. 19, 20, 21 3, 22, 23 9.)
Pellicia didia, Méschl. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 340, t. 4. f. 28*; Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr.
— 1882, p. 254°.
Pellicia bilinea, Mab. Le Nat. x1. p. 216, f. 3 (1889) °.

P. costimacule affinis, sed minor, alis nullo modo purpureo suffusis.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H.
Smith) ; GuaTEMALA, Choctum, Polochic Valley (f. D. G. d 0. S.), Panima, Zapote
(Champion) ; Honpuras (Wittkiigel, mus. Staudinger); Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché
(Rogers), Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger *).—Gutana !?,

Dr. Staudinger has most kindly lent us the type of P. didia, Moschl., from Surinam,
and a specimen of P. bilinea from Chiriqui, named from M. Mabille’s type. These
types are of opposite sexes, but we see no grounds for believing them to be otherwise
than of one species; our series from various places extending from Southern Mexico
to Guiana confirms this view. |

P. didia can easily be distinguished from the other species of Pellicia occurring
3B2

72 - RHOPALOCERA.

within our limits. Belonging to the section of the genus in which the subapical spots
of the primaries are absent, it differs from P. costimacula in the absence of the purple
gloss on the wings, from P. meno in the absence of white at the anal angle of the
secondaries beneath, and from P. thyestes in its more produced secondaries.

The harpes of the male genitalia are, as in other members of the genus, unsym-
metrical; the right harpe has the lower portion rather abruptly curved towards the end
so as to overlap the upper terminal lobe. (See Tab. LX XXIII. fig. 21.)

7. Pellicia meno. (Tab. LX XXIII. figg. 24, 25 ¢.)
Arteurotia meno, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 239 (1889) °.

Pracedenti similis, sed alis posticis magis elongatis, subtus triente distali albis, macula magna fusca ad angulum
analem, maculis duabus albis discalibus quoque notatis; anticis margine interno subtus albicante ; palpis
infra griseo-albidis.

Hab. Panama, Line of Railway (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger 1).

We have only seen the type of this species, lent us by Dr. Staudinger. It clearly
belongs to Pellicia, having the characteristic tuft and swollen nervures of the other
members of that genus.

8. Pellicia thyestes, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXIIL. figg. 26, 27 ¢.)

Alis abbreviatis, posticis ad angulum analem haud productis, saturate brunneo-nigris, fasciis valde indistinctis
obscurioribus notatis: subtus pallidioribus, fasciis omnibus magis obviis; palpis omnino fuscis.
mari similis, fasciis alarum supra magis obviis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Polochic Valley (F. D. G.
& O. S.); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. UM. Whitely); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (idée), Taboga I. (Mathew).

This species can be readily distinguished from the rest of this section by the shape of
the wings, the primaries being comparatively short and the secondaries rounded, the
anal angle not produced as in all the others. The structure of the male genitalia also
shows that P. thyestes is a very distinct species.

Its range extends from the hotter portions of the Mexican State of Vera Cruz
throughout Central America to Panama, where Mr. Gervase Mathew captured a
specimen on the Island of Taboga in the Bay of Panama. We have not yet met with
specimens from the mainland of South America.

The male genitalia, as already stated, are highly peculiar. So far as we can discover
from two specimens examined, not only are the harpes unsymmetrical, but the tegumen
itself is so also, being furnished on one side only with a long, slightly upcurved rod
covered with strong acute papille ; the lower portion of the left harpe is branched at
the end, that of the right harpe being entire. (See Tab. LX XXIII. fig. 27.)

PELLICIA.—MYCTERIS, 373

B. General colour of the wings brown, largely interrupted with white.

9. Pellicia polyctor. (Tab. LXXXIII. figg. 28, 29, 30 ¢.)
Pirgus polyotor *, Prittw. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1868, p. 186, t. 3. ff. 3a, 5’.
Ephyriades polyctor, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 4 (1884) *.

Helias ithrana, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 519°.
Pellicia ithrana, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 56%.

Alis anticis fuscis, fascia mediana alba per cellulam bisectis, parte apicali indistincte squamis pallidis notata,
maculis tribus subapicalibus et duabus discalibus (una ramo mediano, secundo utrinque) semihyalinis ;
posticis albis ad basin fuscis, margine externo angulo anali proximo pallide fusco, lunulis albidis notato :
subtus usque ad basin albis, parte apicali anticarum et regione anali posticarum tantum fuscis: capite

inter oculos fusco albo maculato ; palpis subtus (segmento terminali nigro excepto), corpore toto et pedibus
infra albis,

© mari similis.
Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (H. H. Smith), Jalisco (Schumann), Atoyac (H. H. Smith,
Schumann), Cordova (Riimeli); Guaremaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson) ;

Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, David (Champion). —Sourn America, from
Colombia to South Brazil! 3.

Though this species differs widely in general appearance from the other members of
- the genus Pellicia, there can be no doubt that Mr. Watson was right in placing it
here‘. In the form of the antenne and the outline of the wings it agrees with the
more normal species, and the presence of the characteristic tuft on the secondaries as
well as the swollen nervures of those wings are conclusive as to its position.

P. polyctor was described from Brazilian specimens by Prittwitz in 1868, and two
years afterwards received a second name from Mr. Butler, one of whose types is now
before us. The identity of the two species was recognized by Plétz in 1882 2.

The range of the species is very extensive. It is found in the Mexican State of Vera
Cruz and in Western Mexico, and thence spreads southwards to Southern Brazil,
specimens from the extreme points of this wide area presenting no tangible points of
difference. Its range in altitude reaches from the sea-level to a height of about 3000
feet in the mountains.

The male genitalia resemble those of the other members of Pellicia in having the
harpes unsymmetrical and cleft at the end; the upper lobe of the right harpe is divided
again into two thickened lobes, that of the left lobe being simply rounded. (See
Tab, LX XXIII. fig. 30.)

MYCTERIS.
Mycteris, Mabille, Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 114 (1877) ; Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 56.
This genus is very close to Pellicia, and has a tuft of hairs on the secondaries and

the subcostal and its branch swollen near their junction as in that genus. The palpi
* P. polyctor in Repertorium, 1863-1870.

374 RHOPALOCERA.

have a long porrect terminal joint, and the first segment of the subcostal nervure of
the secondaries is shorter in proportion to the second segment than is the case in
Pellicia.

On the whole the two genera seem fairly distinct, though Pellicia costimacula is
somewhat intermediate between the two. |

Mr. Watson recognizes two named species of Mycteris, of which M. cwrulea is the
type of the genus, the other being Arteurotia cambyses, Hewitson.

1. Mycteris cerulea. (Tab. LX XXIII. figg. 31, 32, 33 3.)
Mycteris cerulea, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 114 (1877) +; Wats. P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 56°.

Alis fusco-nigricantibus fere unicoloribus, posticis ad marginem costalem vix pallidioribus: subtus pallidioribus ;
anticis ad marginem internum lilacino-griseis ; posticis dimidio distali viridi-cxwruleo ; palpis et abdomine
subtus fuscis.

2 mari similis, alis supra indistincte fasciatis : subtus pallidioribus, colore ceeruleo posticarum magis obscuro.

Hab. Gvatemaua, Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Nicaracua, Chontales
(Janson).—CoLomBIa 1,

M. Mabille described this distinct species from a specimen from Colombia, whence
we also have a male example agreeing with another taken by ourselves in Guatemala.
Our only female is from Nicaragua; but this appears to have traces of bands on the
wings, but from its poor condition they cannot be traced satisfactorily.

The male genitalia, like those of Pellicia, have unsymmetrical cleft harpes ; both
portions have serrate ends: the lower lobe of the right harpe is upturned and overlaps
the upper lobe, which has a large terminal patch of strong papille; the lower lobe of
the left harpe also overlaps the upper lobe, which, however, is much simpler and
narrower. (See Tab. LX XXIII. fig. 33.)

6. Antenne with a long terminal slender end, this portion being as long as the
slightly swollen club and in an even curve with it (except in Antigonus).

NISONIADES (2).
Nisoniades, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 108 (1816) ?; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 51.

Papilio bromius, Stoll, is the type of this genus of Hiibner. Mr. Watson drew
his characters from specimens in the British Museum identified as belonging to Stoll’s
species. We have two similar specimens before us, but we doubt the correctness of
the names of the Museum examples. Stoll’s figure omits the characteristic black spot
with its two white dots at the end of the cell of the primaries. It follows that though
we know Mr. Watson’s genus Misoniades we cannot be certain that it is Hiibner’s,
based upon Stoll’s P. bromius.

NISONIADES.—CYCLOSZMIA. 375

The single species of this form we find in Central America (which we describe below
as VV. pelarge) is strictly congeneric with “ NV. dromius, Stoll,” according to Mr. Watson ;
and wherever that insect is placed hereafter, W. pelarge must go with it.

The antenne have a moderate club, gradually curved to a point. The palpi have
a short porrect terminal joint. The primaries have no costal fold; the inner margin
1s longer than the outer margin, these wings being thus rather narrow; the cell
is moderately long and rather narrow, the first median segment short, the third
less than half the second; the lower discocellular is longer than the middle, the
upper short but evident; the second and third subcostal segments are subequal; the
third median segment of the secondaries is short, the lower discocellular longer than
the upper, the radial being distinct. The hind tibiz have a distinct dorsal fringe, but
no tufts.

1. Nisoniades(?) pelarge, sp.n. (Tab. LKXXIV. fig. 1, 2,3 ¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis margine externo et fascia discali saturatioribus, macula ad cellule finem nigra punctis
duobus albis inclusis, punctis alteris tribus subapicalibus triangulum formantibus quarto discali albis;
posticis margine externo et fasciis duabus indistinctis obscuris, una discali, altera per cellulam: subtus
pallidioribus, anticis fere ut supra; posticis bitriente interna glauco albido ad costam et ad marginem
externum indistincte fusco notata; palpis infra fulvis nigro intermixtis, antennis nigris.

@ mari similis.

fab. Nicaraava, Chontales (Belt).

NV. bromius (apud Watson) is perhaps the species most nearly allied to that now
described, but the latter may readily be distinguished by the glaucous colour of the
inner third of the secondaries, the costa of which alone is dusky.

We have several specimens of both sexes from Belt’s collection, but no others from
an authentic source.

The tegumen of the male genitalia is short and blunt and cleft at the end; the
scaphium is well developed, curved upwards, and projecting as far as the end of the
tegumen ; the harpes are deeply cleft at the end, the lower portion wide and expanding
at the outer margin, the upper portion nearly uniform in width, slightly turned upwards
and rounded at the end (see Tab. LXXXIV. fig. 3). These organs are exactly like

those of V. bromtus.

CYCLOSAEMIA.
Cyclosemia, Mabille, Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 222 (1877) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 52.

Cyclosemia is very closely allied to Mr. Watson’s Misoniades, and perhaps not really
separable. ‘he primaries are rather wider and the third median segment shorter, the
secondaries more rounded ; the terminal joint of the palpi rather longer. There also

376 RHOPALOCERA.

appear to be differences in the male genitalia—not, however, available for generic
definition. . .

Two species occur within our limits, one of which has a wide South-American
range; the other is only known to us from a single specimen from Chiriqui.

1. Cyclosemia anastomosis. (Tab. LXXXIV. figg. 4, 5, 6 3.)
Cyclosemia anastomosis, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 230 (15 May, 1878).
Leuchochitonia lyrcea, Hew. Ent. Monthly Mag. xv. p. 151 (Dec. 1878).

Alis brunneis, fasciis duabus communibus saturatioribus, una submarginali, altera discalt ; anticis macula
rotunda nigra ad cellule finem fulvo circumcincta et punctis duobus glaucis inclusis ; posticis fascia
altera obscura per cellulam: subtus omnino pallidioribus, fasciis obscuris angustioribus, in posticis macu-
losis ; posticis ad marginem internum glaucis; palpis subtus albidis fusco intermixtis, antennis fuscis.

Hab. Muxico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Zapote, Chiacam (Champion),
Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba
(Champion), Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Veraguas (Arcé).— AMAzoNS
VALLEY; BRAZIL.

M. Mabille’s description of Cyclosemia anastomosis has a few months’ priority over
Hewitson’s posthumous description of ZL. lyrcwa. The type of the latter, the origin of
which is not recorded, agrees closely with a specimen of the former from Chiriqui
named by M. Mabille.

C. anastomosis has a wide range, extending from the lowlands of the Mexican State
of Vera Cruz through the whole of Central America to the Amazons Valley and Brazil.
In the glaucous colour of the inner margin of the secondaries beneath it agrees with
Nisoniades pelarge. |

The tegumen of the male genitalia terminates in a short blunt hook: the harpes end
in two rods bent towards each other like the arms of a pair of forceps; the lower rod
is the longer and more curved. (See Tab. LXXXIV. fig. 6.)

2. Cyclosemia phidyle, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXIV. figg. 7, 8 2.)

Alis brunneis, anticis medialiter pallidioribus, fascia discali ad costam evanescente fusco-brunnea, macula
rotunda nigra ad cellule finem, punctis tribus subapicalibus in linea recta semihyalinis nigro circum-
cinctis ; posticis margine externo et fasciis duabus transversis fuscis, una discali, altera per cellulam :
subtus saturate brunneis; anticis dimidio apicali pallide fulvis, punctis semihyalinis ut supra sed macula
cellulari nigra nulla; palpis brunneis, antennis nigricantibus.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

The single specimen of this well-marked species which we possess is apparently a

female, and was taken by Mr. Champion on the slopes of the Volcano of Chiriqui at an
elevation of about 5000 feet above the sea.

ANASTRUS. 377

ANASTRUS.
Anastrus, Hiibner, Sammi. ex. Schm. ii. t. 149 (1822-26) ; Wats. P. Z.S. 1898, p. 54.

There are several groups of species all more or less allied to Anastrus, but as they

can be defined with considerable accuracy we think it best to treat each of. them as
_ genera and to restrict Anastrus to A. obscurus, its type species, and a few others. Only
one of these, A. newris (Méschl.), occurs within our limits, and this is strictly con-
generic with 4. obscurus.

The antenne in Anastrus have a long, rather slender, gradually thickened club,
evenly curved, and reduced to an acute end. Palpi with the terminal joint short, blunt,
porrect. Primaries with a slight costal fold; the inner margin longer than the outer,
the apex slightly produced; the outer margin convex; the cell long and rather narrow ;
the second median segment long and curved; the third segment very short, about equal
to the lower and middle discocellulars.

The secondaries have the anal angle slightly produced, the discocellulars and radial
very slender ; the third median segment very short. Hind tibia with two pairs of
spurs and a long tuft from the proximal end. |

The range of this genus extends from Western Mexico to South-eastern Brazil.

1. Anastrus neris, (Tab. LXXXIV. figg. 9,10, 11 ¢, 12 @.)
Achlyodes neeris, Méschl. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 226°.
Antigonus neeris, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 24 (1884).
Achlyodes obscurus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 370°.

Alis nigricanti-purpureis ; 3 anticis costa ad apicem et margine externo violaceo tinctis, squamis quibusdam
fulvis sparsim atomatis ; posticis ad marginem externum quoque late violaceis: subtus saturate brunneis,
anticis fere immaculatis ad marginem externum vix pallidioribus ; posticis dimidio anali glauco albican-
tibus ; palpis griseis,

mari similis, sed alis magis brunneis, anticis costa ad apicem et ad marginem externum pallidioribus ;
posticis dimidio distali pallidiore, fascia discali valde indistincta notato.

Hab. Muxico, Acapulco, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Coatepec (W. Schaus), Valladolid
in Yucatan (Gaumer) ; GuaTEMALA, Polochic Valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.), El Tumbador
(Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (ichardson) ; Honpuras (Dyson); Costa Rica (Van
Patten *), Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher), R. Sucio (Rogers).—CotomBta!; VEnrzugua.

This species, which otherwise resembles A. obscurus, may at once be distinguished
from that species by the bluish-white anal portion of the secondaries beneath, a
character prominent in both sexes.

A, neceris was described by Moschler in 1878 from specimens in his collection from
Colombia. One of these has been lent us by Dr. Staudinger, and we are thus able to
name our series from Central America with certainty. In Mexico it appears to be
rare, though widely distributed, occurring both on the West Coast at Acapulco, at
Atoyac in Vera Cruz, and in Northern Yucatan, from each of which places we have

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I1., November 1894. 36

378 RHOPALOCERA.

a single specimen, In Guatemala it is also found on both sides of the mountain-range.
We have also received several specimens from Costa Rica. It is a lowland species,
found in hot country between the sea-level and about 2500 feet in the mountains.

The male genitalia have a short simple tegumen and well-developed scaphium.
The harpes are elongated, cleft horizontally towards the end; the upper portion bears
a short tooth, the lower is longer, rounded at the end, slightly serrate on the inner
edge, and with a distinct spine near its base. (See Tab. LX XXIV. fig. 11.)

GORGOPHONE, gen. nov.

With the coloration and general appearance of Anastrus obscurus and other members
of that genus, Gorgophone differs from Anastrus in wanting the costal fold in the male
and also the tuft of hairs attached to the proximal end of the hind tibiz in the same
sex.

Besides the species described below, we have two other similar insects which are
quite congeneric.

1. Gorgophone melibeea, sp.n. (Tab. LX XXIV. figg. 13,14 3.)

nastro necert quoad colores alarum persimilis, sed paulo rufescentior; alis posticis latioribus, magis rotun-
datis : pedibus posticis pencilla tibiali setosa nulla; plica alarum anticarum costali quoque absente.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (fibde, in mus.
Staudinger).

We have two male specimens of this species, and Dr. Staudinger has another. The
resemblance to Anastrus neeris 1s very close, and but for the structural differences we
should hardly recognize them as distinct. The total absence of the costal fold to the
primaries and the tibial tuft to the posterior legs at once reveal its difference. The anal
area of the under surface of the secondaries is glaucous-white, just as in A. neeris.

ECHELATUS, gen. nov.

This is another small genus allied to Anastrus, differing from it in the absence in
the male of the tufts to the hind tibiz. In some species a costal fold is very apparent,
but in others much less so. In Anastrus the fold is very small, and in Gorgophone
absent altogether ; moreover, the latter genus has the wings shaped as in Anastrus,
whereas in Echelatus the primaries are less truncate and the secondaries comparatively
smaller. |

The range of the genus extends over the greater part of Tropical America from
Southern Mexico to South Brazil.

ECHELATUS. 379

a. Costal fold very distinct.

1. Kchelatus varius. (Tab. LXXXIV. figg. 15, 16 ¢.)
Anastrus varius, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, p. liv’.

Alis brunneis, marginibus externis saturatioribus; anticis fasciis duabus indistinctis, una irregulari per
cellulam, altera basali: subtus pallidioribus, anticis fere unicoloribus, ad marginem internum pallidis ;
posticis dimidio anali glauco-ceruleis, fasciis tribus indistinctis fere ad costam extendentibus ; palpis
subtus griseis. Plica costali obvia.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (W. Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guate-
MaLa, Zapote (Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (fibbe, in mus. Staudinger), Lion Hill (M*Leannan).—Couomsta ;
VENEZUELA },

The type of £. varius came from Venezuela}, and a specimen from Chiriqui named
from it has been kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger. The species now proves to have
a wide range throughout the greater part of the hotter portions of our country, from
the State of Vera Cruz to the Line of the Panama Railway. We have not seen any
examples from from Western Mexico, but it occurs in the forest-districts of Guatemala
bordered by the Pacific Ocean.

Two species in our country closely resemble HZ. varius in colour, viz. E. luctuosus
(which follows) and £. sempiternus. From the former it differs in having the anal
region of the secondaries beneath of a bluish-white colour, these wings being of a
uniform brown in £. ductwosus. From the latter it differs in having less definite mark-
ings and in having a well-defined costal fold.

2. Echelatus luctuosus. (Tab. LKXXIV. figg. 17,18 ¢.)
Achlyodes luctuosus, Staud.

&. vario similis, et supra alis omnino similibus: subtus posticis usque ad angulum analem brunneis unicoloribus
nec glauco-ceruleis.
© mari similis, plica anticarum costali absente.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (A. A. Smith).—Sovura America, from Colombia to South
Brazil.

We have a specimen from the Amazons Valley sent us under the above name, which
we adopt, though unable to find the published description. Though closely allied to
E. varius, the uniform colour of the secondaries beneath at once distinguishes the two
forms.

The range of this species is somewhat peculiar. We have two male specimens from
Acapulco in Western Mexico, on the shores of the Pacific, but no other trace of it in
either Mexico or Central America. In Colombia and thence through nearly the whole
of Tropical America it seems to be generally distributed.

The male genitalia have a tegumen which divides near the end into two divergent,
curved, slightly raised points; from the base of each of these is another point, slightly

3¢2

380 RHOPALOCERA.

depressed, and further in a small lobe; the harpes are long, with an undulating ventral
edge and a notch near the middle of the dorsal edge. (See Tab. LXXXIV. fig. 18.)

6. Costal fold very small.

3. Echelatus sempiternus. (Tab. LXXXIV. figg. 19, 20, 21 ¢.)
Achlyodes sempiternus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 114*; P.Z.S. 1874, p. 870°.

Alis brunneis, anticis fasciis obscurioribus notatis duabus submarginalibus, una per cellulam et macula magna
subquadrata cellulari, fasclam submarginalem internam conjuncta ; posticis margine externa, fascia discali,
et altera basali obscuris: subtus pallidioribus, fasciis omnibus ut supra anticis area interna pallida, posticis
area anali glauco-cerulea ; palpis subtus griseis, apice brunneis.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Soledad, Rincon, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Jalapa,
Coatepec (W. Schaus); GuateMaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson), Polo-
chic Valley (f. D. G. & O. 8.), Zapote, Panima (Champion); Costa Rica (Van Patten} 2),
Caché, Irazu (fogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe), Veraguas (Arcé).—
Amazons VALLEY. |

The type of this species is a female in poor condition, which formed part of Van
Patten’s Costa Rica Collection. We have now many specimens of the species, which
has a wide range, extending from Southern Mexico through the whole of Central
America to Venezuela and the Amazons Valley.

In general appearance L. sempiternus is very like E. varius, but the dark bands of
the wings, especially the primaries beneath, are much clearer; moreover, the costal
fold, well developed in H. varius, is hardly seen in this species.

The tegumen of the male genitalia is similar to that of E. varius so far as regards
the divergent terminal pair of points, but the other points are not apparent; the harpes
are long and acute, the extremity curving slightly upwards. (See Tab. LX XXIV.
fig. 21.)

4. Echelatus eugramma. (Tab. LXXXIV. figg. 22, 23 @.)
Anastrus eugramma, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 221, f. 2 (1888) *.
¢. Alis rufo-brunneis ; anticis ad apicem obscurioribus, fasciis duabus nigricanti-brunneis, una bifracta per
cellulam, altera ad basin, maculis variis obscuris ad apicem et ad marginem externum, punctis quatuor

indistinctis semihyalinis, duobus approximatis ad costam, uno infra ea et quarto discali; posticis fasciis

duabus et margine externo obscuris: subtus pallidioribus, maculis omnibus distinetis ; posticis area anali
nitide cerulea.

3 adhuc ignotus.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui1 (Trétsch).

Of this species we have only seen the type, kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger, and
from which our figures are drawn. It is a female.

GRAIS.—CELENORRHINUS. 381

GRAIS, gen. nov.

Anastrus stigmaticus, Mab., is the type of this genus, which is distinguished from
Anastrus by the long narrow cell of the primaries, the absence of costal fold and tibial
tufts. The first median segment is short, the second long and arched, the third about
half the length of the second ; the lower and middle discocellulars are subequal, and
placed rather obliquely to the axis of the wing; the upper discocellular is comparatively
long, oblique, and equal to about half the middle discocellular; the third median
segment of the secondaries is long, being about equal to half the second segment ; the
lower discocellular is longer than the upper, and both, as well as the radial, are very
slender. The palpi have a very short terminal joint. The antenne have a gradually
swelling club, which then tapers to a point and is evenly curved throughout its
length. The hind tibize have two pairs of long spurs, but no tuft at the proximal end.

The range of the genus is that of the single species described below.

1. Grais stigmaticus. (Tab. LXXXIV. figg. 24, 25, 26 ¢.)

Anastrus stigmaticus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, p. liv’.
Antigonus fumosus, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. ent. Ver. xxxvii. p. 26 (1884) *.

Alis brunneis, indistincte maculis obscurioribus notatis: subtus pallidioribus, quoque obscure maculatis ; palpis
et coxis anterioribus lete cervinis.
2 mari similis,
Hab. Mexico, Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas (W. B. Richardson), Coatepec
(Brooks), Jalapa (f. D. G.), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Cham-
pion), Chiriqui (Trétsch!)—Soutu America to South Brazil; Jamarca.

A large dull-coloured species with very obscure markings, described by M. Mabille
from Chiriqui specimens, one of which is before us.

Its range northward extends to the extreme north-eastern limit of the Neotropical
region in Mexico, and thence spreads southwards over the greater part of the region
to South Brazil and to some of the West Indian Islands.

Antigonus fumosus, Plétz, is a synonym of this species, as we ascertain from a
specimen kindly given us by Herr Semper, and named from Plétz’s drawings.

The male genitalia differ considerably from those of the species of Anastrus and its
allies; the tegumen has a dorsal prominence before the terminal portion and ends in a
single blunt point; the harpes are rounded at the end, the upper corner is finely
serrate and emits a recurrent spur, on the dorsal edge is a distinct prominence. (See

Tab. LX XXIV. fig. 26.)

CELZXNORRHINUS.

Celenorrhinus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 106 (1816); Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 49.
Narga, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. lxx (1891).

The range of this genus extends over a large portion of the tropics of both Old and

382 RHOPALOCERA.

New Worlds, different members of it being found in Southern Asia, the greater part
of Africa, and nearly the whole of Tropical America. Fewer species, however, occur in
the latter continent than in the Old World.

The type of the genus, C. eligius, is one of the most widely ranging species of
America, and is found from Guatemala to Southern Brazil; two other species occur in
Southern Mexico, and about four more in various parts of South America.

The antenne are long and have a curved club gradually tapering to the end.
Terminal joint of the palpi short, semi-erect. Primaries: inner margin slightly longer
than the outer, the cell about two-thirds the length of the wing; discocellulars in an
oblique line, the lower longer than the middle; the third median segment short, about
one third the second segment. Secondaries: cell more than half the length of the
wing ; discocellulars slightly oblique, the lower longer than the upper; radial just
visible ; third median segment short, about one-third the second segment, which again
equals the second subcostal segment. Hind tibie with two pairs of spurs, a dorsal
crest, and the male with a long tuft from the proximal end.

The outer margin of the secondaries of the type is slightly angular, but this feature
is not found in the other species of the genus.

Narga chiriquensis, the type of the genus Narga, Mabille, is quite congeneric with
Celenorrhinus.

1. Celznorrhinus eligius. (Tab. LXXXV. fig.1 ¢.)
Papilio eligius, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 354. f. H’.
Celenorrhinus eligius, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schm. p. 106°; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 49*%.
Plesioneura eligius, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 870°.

Alis saturate brunneis ; anticis fascia mediana semihyalina venis trisecta, punctis duobus infra eam, altera.
ultra eam inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum, punctis tribus subapicalibus et uno (interdum
duobus) infra ea, omnibus semihyalinis; posticis fere unicoloribus, maculis obsoletis pallidis indistincte
notatis : subtus ub supra, sed alis pallidioribus; posticis maculis pallidis magis obviis ; palpis supra alis
concoloribus, subtus albis, segmento terminali nigro.

9 mari similis, sed major, maculis posticarum pallidis magis obviis.

Hab. GuatemMaLa, El Tumbador, Cerro Zunil and Panima (Champion), Polochic
Valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger) ; NICARAGUA,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten*), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—SoutH AMERICA generally, from Colombia
to Paragua and Argentina. .

This well-known and common South-American species has a wide range in our
country, reaching the forest-region of both coasts of Guatemala, but not extending to
any part of Mexico. |

So far as the continent of America is concerned C. eligius has no very near ally, but

the Indian C. chamunda, Moore, much resembles it in markings, though differing in’
the shape and colour of the fringe of the secondaries.

CELZNORRHINUS., ; 383

The male genitalia have a tegumen divided into two divergent points at the end,
these are depressed at the extremity ; the harpes are split into two lobes, the lower one
wide and rounded at the end, the upper one attenuated. (See Tab. LXXXV. fig. 1.)

2. Celenorrhinus variegatus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 2, 3, 4 3.)

C. eligio affinis, sed posticis margine externo magis rotundato, minime angulato, maculis obsoletis pallidis nullis,
sed pagina tota saturate fusco quasi variegata: palpis subtus medialiter fuscis, lateribus et oculorum
ambitu postice albidis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote, Tierra Colorada in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith), Jalapa, Coatepec (W. Schaus); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria
(W. B. Richardson) ; Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt).

Though much like C. eligius in general appearance this species may be readily
distinguished by the more rounded, less angular, secondaries, the absence of obscure
yellowish spots on the upperside of the same wings, and by the large dark spots
spread over their whole surface, giving it a mottled appearance.

We have several specimens of C. variegatus collected by Mr. Herbert Smith in the
State of Guerrero, and others from the slopes of the Volcano of Santa Maria in
Guatemala, and also one from Belt’s collection. The species, therefore, has a wide
range, chiefly, but not wholly, in the country bordering the Pacific Ocean.

The male genitalia differ to some extent from those of C. eligius; the points of
the tegumen are more contiguous and parallel, and the branches of the harpes

more equal in size and bent towards each other like the arms of a pair of forceps.
(See Tab. LX XXV. fig. 4.)

8. Celenorrhinus chiriquensis. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 5, 6, 72.)
Narga chiriquensis, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixx (1891)’.

C. elagio quoque similis, sed anticis fascia mediana semihyalina nulla, maculis omnibus semihyalinis parvis,
anticis dimidio apicali et posticis indistincte nigro variegatis; palpis subtus medialiter fuscis, lateribus et
oculorum ambitu postice cervino-albidis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (. H. Smith); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Cosra
Rica, Irazu (Hogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Libde, in mus. Staudinger),
Veraguas (Arcé).

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us two specimens of this species from Chiriqui
named by M. Mabille! ‘“ Narga chiriquensis.” They agree with our series, which
includes examples from Eastern Mexico and several of the Central-American States,
though none have reached us from Guatemala. They also agree structurally with
C. eligius, the type of Celenorrhinus, so that Narga becomes a synonym of that genus.

Apparently rare in more northern districts, C. chiriquensis is quite common in the
‘neighbourhood of Chiriqui, whence Mr. Champion has sent us many specimens, and
where Herr Ribbe captured Dr. Staudinger’s specimens. |

384 RHOPALOCERA.

The tegumen of the male genitalia is shorter than that of C. eligius, but is also
cleft, the two branches diverging considerably; the scaphium is well developed and
hangs low in the anal cavity ; the harpes are divided into two short lobes with rounded
ends, the lower wide, and the upper slender. (See Tab. LXXXYV. fig. 7.)

MYLON, gen. nov.

Several groups of species follow here, more or less related to one another and with
somewhat similar coloration. Hitherto most of them have been placed either in
Leucochitonea or Antigonus, but this arrangement can be no longer followed.

Leucochitonea lassia of Hewitson may be taken as the type of the present genus,
with which L. pulcherius seems to be strictly congeneric.

The primaries are considerably curved and rather truncate, the cell rather broad ; the
third median segment short, about equal to the lower and middle discocellulars, which
are themselves subequal ; the second median segmenf is long and slightly curved; the
discocellulars of the secondaries are subequal and, as well as the radial, very feeble ; the
third median segment very short, the second subcostal segment about equal to the
upper discocellular. ‘The palpi end in a short porrect joint; the hind tibie have a
distinct tuft of hairs from the proximal end, and two pairs of spurs.

The range of the genus extends over a large part of Tropical America, from Eastern
Mexico to South Brazil.

1. Mylon lassia. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 8, 9,10 3.)

Leucochitonea lassia, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 49 (1868)'.

Antigonus lassia, Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. ent. Ver. xxxvii. p- 28 (1884) *.

Alis supra pallide fusco-albidis, ad basin multo obscurioribus, area submarginali quoque obscuriore, fasciis valde
irregularibus notata, punctis quatuor subapicalibus, primo ad costam et tertio minoribus, secundo et quarto
majoribus, ad apicem magis approximatis, linea subbasali nigricante irregulari, area mediana pallida squamis
obscurioribus irregulariter notata; posticis medialiter albicantibus, basi et margine externo fuscescentibus,
margine ipso obscuriore, lineola ad cellule finem et fascia discali maculosa pallide fuscis : subtus multo

_ albicantioribus, margine externo et area apicali antivarum fuscescentibus ; palpis infra albidis.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Mzxico, Jalapa, Coatepec, Rinconada (W. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith,
Schumann), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli), Jalisco (Schumann); GuateMana,
San Geronimo (Champion), Northern Vera Paz, Izabal (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché, R. Sucio (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridée,

Arcé), Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé)—Sovurn America, from Colombia to
Bolivia.

The origin of Hewitson’s type of his Leucochitonea lassia was not recorded!, but we now
know that the species has a very wide range, commencing in the north in the Mexican
States of Vera Cruz and Jalisco, and spreading thence over the whole of the hotter
parts of Central America and the western regions of South America as far south as

MYLON. 385

Bolivia. It occurs in the basin of the Upper Amazons, where Bates found it at San
Paulo; but we have not met with specimens from the lower portions of that great
river-valley or from Guiana or Southern Brazil.

The general resemblance of VW. lassia to Eudamidas melander is very great; but the
subapical spots in the primaries of the former readily distinguish it. There are also
large tufts to the hind tibie of the male, of which there are no trace in E. melander.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in four points arranged in two pairs (one
on either side) and divergent ; the scaphium is well developed and pointed, the terminal
portion with a granular surface ; the end of the harpes is very complex, and has serrate-
edged rounded lobes, some of which are recurved. (See Tab. LXXXV. fig. 10.)

2. Mylon -pulcherius. (Tab. LXXXYV. figg. 11, 12, 13 ¢.)
Leucochitonea pulcherius, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p-. 477°.
Antigonus pulcherius, Plotz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 29 (1884) °.

M. lassie aliquot similis, sed major ; anticis obscurioribus fasciis fuscis bene definitis, area anticarum mediana
fuscescentiore; punctis subapicalibus in linea rectiore positis, secunda a costa maxima ; posticis fascia
discali haud interrupta: subtus triente basali multo obscuriore, anticis ad apicem et posticis ad marginem
externum quoque obscurioribus.

Hab. Muxico*, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Orizaba, Atoyac (Hedemann'),
Vera Cruz (Sallé1); Guaremata, Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.); Costa Rica,
Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribse), Bugaba (Champion).—Soura America, from
Colombia! and Venezuela !2 to South Brazil.

This species was described by R. Felder! from Mexican specimens obtained by Hede-
mann at Orizaba and Atoyac in the State of Vera Cruz; he had also before him
examples from the same State collected by Sallé, and others from Venezuela and
Colombia.

We have only one Mexican specimen, which was taken by Mr. H. H. Smith at Rincon,
in the Western State of Guerrero. Our other examples are from various parts of
Central and South America, where, however, the species appears to be nowhere
common.

Though similar in many respects to M. lassia, and, like that insect, with subapical
hyaline spots in the primaries and tufts to the hind tibie in the male, M. pulcherius
differs in being considerably darker, with the darker marks more defined and less irre-
gular. The male genitalia at once show that the two species are quite distinct; the
tegumen in M/. pulcherius is four-pointed, but the points are not so divergent; the
scaphium is more dense and smooth; the harpes less complex, with a rounded serrate
end, this edge terminates inwardly with a strong tooth followed by a deep fissure and
then a serrate lobe. (See Tab. LXXXYV. fig. 13.)

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., March 1898. 3D

386 RHOPALOCERA.

EUDAMIDAS, gen. nov.

The members of this genus have a great general resemblance to those of Mylon, but
may at once be distinguished by the absence of the tuft on the proximal end of the
hind tibiz of the male, and there are no subapical semihyaline spots on the primaries.
In the shape and neuration of the wings the two are much alike.

The range of Hudamidas, like that of Mylon, extends over nearly the whole of
Tropical America.

1. Kudamidas melander. (Tab. LXXXV. fig. 14 ¢.)
Papilio melander, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 270. f. H'.
Antigonus melander, Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. ent. Ver. xxxvii. p. 29 (1884) ”.

Alis griseo-albidis; anticis lineis transversis fuscis irregulariter fasciatis, area mediana pallidiore lineisque magis
distinctis ; posticis ad basin fuscis, margine externo late pallide fusco, maculis obscurioribus continente,
fascia maculosa interiore quoque pallide fusca: subtus omnino pallidioribus, fasclis omnibus indistinctis ;
palpis subtus albis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Chiacam, San Gerdénimo, Zapote
(Champion), Polochic and Chisoy Valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.), Duetias (fF. D.G. &0.8.,
Champion); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (W. B. Richardson), Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica
(Van Patten, Carmiol), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé, Ribbe), Bugaba
(Champion).—Sovuta AmEnRica, from Colombia to Guiana !? and Paraguay.

A common widely ranging species, reaching the middle of the State of Vera Cruz in
its northern limit, and spreading thence over the whole of Tropical America to South
Brazil and Paraguay. In general appearance it is very like Mylon pulcherius, but is
rather paler, the dark markings showing more clearly. There are no subapical semi-
hyaline spots on the primaries, nor any tufts to the hind tibie of the male.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in four points arranged in two pairs; the
scaphium is well developed and pointed; the harpes elongated and ending in a narrow
rounded lobe, on the upperside of which is a large dentate process, there is a deep
fissure on the dorsal edge and a fold on the proximal side of it. (See Tab. LXXXV.
fig. 14.) |

2. Kudamidas ozema. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 15,16,173.) _

Achlyodes ozema, But). Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 515°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 3707.
Antigonus ozema, Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. ent. Ver. xxxvii. p. 28 (1884) *.

Alis margaritaceo-griseis ; anticis medialiter pallidioribus, fasciis irregularibus interruptis fucescentibus notatis ;
posticis ad basin et ad marginem externum fuscis, fasciis duabus distinctis, una ad cellule finem abbreviata,

altera discali, tertia diffusa submarginali: subtus omnino pallidioribus, fasciis omnibus fuscis evanescen-
tibus; palpis subtus albis.

® mari similis.

Hab. Mexico*, Jalisco (Schumann), Acapulco, Omilteme, Tierra Colorada, Dos

EUDAMIDAS.—XENOPHANES. 387

Arroyos, Rio Papagaio (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (H. H. 8., Schumann), Cordova (Riimelz) ;
GvuaTEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (W.B. Richardson), Choctum, Polochic Valley
(fF. D. G. & O. 8.), Chacoj (Champion) ; Honpuras} (Dyson); Nicaracua, Chontales
(Belt '); Costa Rica (Van Patten?) ; Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), Bugaba (Champion),
Panama (Fibse).—Sovurn America, from Colombia to South Brazil.

Fi. ozema was described by Mr. Butler in 1870 from specimens in Mr. Druce’s
collection and in that of the British Museum, from various localities in Central and
South America. We obtained examples, some years previously, in Guatemala, and it
has since proved to be a very common insect, ranging from Southern Mexico to
South Brazil.

The tegumen of the male genitalia has two short claw-like points at the end; the
harpes are elongated, the lower portion being considerably narrowed and produced, at
the base of the narrow portion a lobe arises, ending in a spatuled thickened end; a flat-
tened prominence on the dorsal edge has a serrate margin. (See Tab, LXXXV. fig. 17.)

XENOPHANES, gen. nov.

The primary wings in this genus are much shorter and more rounded than in either
of the preceding genera; the third median segment is short, the lower and middle
discocellulars subequal, and the upper discocellular distinct; there is no fold along the
costa; the discocellulars of the secondaries and the radial are very indistinct, the third
median segment long and nearly equal to the second subcostal segment; the hind
tibie have no tuft.

The type of the genus, XY. tryrus (Cr.), has a very wide range throughout Tropical
~ America,

1. Xenophanes tryxus. (Tab. LXXXV. fig. 182.)

Papilio tryzus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 334. ff. G, H*.

Urbanus cautus tryxus, Hibn. Samml. ex. Schm. i. t. 157”.

Pythonides tryxus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 369°.

Alis griseo-fuscis; anticis plaga magna mediana venis intersecta, marginibus suis valde undulatis, hyalina,
maculis quatuor elongatis subapicalibus quoque hyalinis, punctis duobus infra eas ejusdem coloris ; posticis
quoque plaga magna hyalina sicut in alis anticis, fascia submarginali obscure fusca: subtus margaritaceo-
albidis, plagis hyalinis sicut in pagina superiore; anticis ad apicem fuscis maculis irregularibus obscuri-
oribus notatis ; posticis fascia maculosa submarginali fusca, maculis ad angulum analem confluentibus.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Acaguizotla, La Venta, Rincon (H. H. Smith), Jalapa,
Misantla (F. D. G.), Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac (H. H. Smith,
Schumann), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid (Gaumer); BrrtisH
Honvuras, Belize (Blancaneaux); GuatemaLa, Cahabon, Panzos, San Juan, Panima,
Zapote (Champion), San Gerdnimo (f. D. G. & O. S., Champion), Choctum, Polochic

3D 2

388 RHOPALOCERA.

Valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.) ; Honpuras (Dyson), San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Nicaraa@ua,
Chontales (Belt) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Irazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui
(Arcé), Bugaba (Champion), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Soutn America, from Colombia
to South Brazil.

This species is one of the common Hesperiide which has a nearly universal range
over Tropical America from Southern Mexico to Southern Brazil, and varies but little
throughout this wide area. The only evident departure from the normal form is found
in the insect inhabiting the island of Ruatan, which we venture to distinguish by a
separate name.

Aenophanes tryxus was first described and figured by Cramer, and subsequently by
Hubner under the same specific name. Though redescribed by Fabricius as Hesperia
salvianus, the species has usually passed under Cramer’s name.

The species is chiefly a lowland one, being found at the sea-level both in Mexico
and further south ; the limit to which it ascends the mountains does not exceed 3000 or
4000 feet.

The male genitalia have a forked tegumen, with a short blunt point at the base on
either side; the scaphium is well developed; the harpes have a rounded end, with a
rounded serrate projection on the dorsal edge near the end, about the middle of the
dorsal edge is a small serrate lobe directed forwards, and near the base of the inner
surface of the harpes a complex upright lobe also serrate. (See Tab. LXXXV. fig. 18.)

2. Xenophanes ruatanensis, sp. n.

X. tryxo similis, sed minor et multo obscurior, plagis semihyalinis alarum multo minoribus forsan distinguendus.

Hab. Honpvras, Ruatan I. (G. F. Gaumer).

Two specimens of this species sent us by Dr. Gaumer differ from all the mainland
individuals in being smaller and much darker. The semihyaline spots of the wings
are very small. ‘The underside is for the most part dark coloured, the light pearly-
white of the allied form being almost restricted to the area surrounding the trans-
parent spot of the secondaries.

In its dark colour this Hesperid follows the rule of the few species of Rhopalocera
that we have seen from Ruatan I.

CARRHENES, gen. nov.

The members of this genus, like those of the preceding, have rounded primaries, the
apex not being truncate. The neuration of the primaries is much as in Aenophanes
tryzus, but the third median segment of the secondaries is short ; the lower discocellular
is shorter than the middle discocellular, and both of them, as well as the radial, are
feeble; the primaries have a very pronounced fold to the costa; and there is

a large
tuft of brown hairs attached to the proximal end of the hind tibie.

CARRHENES. 389

The genus has several allied species, which may be separated into two groups by the
structure of the male organs, the particulars of which are given below. Nearly all
the species occur in Mexico or Central America, and some of them have a wide range
over the Southern Continent.

a. Male genitalia as represented on Tab. LXXXV. fig. 21.

1. Carrhenes fuscescens. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 19, 20, 21 ¢.)
Leucochitonea fuscescens, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ix’.

Alis fuscis, maculis obscurioribus notatis; anticis punctis septem semihyalinis—una cellulari, tribus subapi-
calibus et tribus discalibus ; posticis fasciis maculosis tribus notatis—una distincta submarginali, una irre-
gulari discali, tertia indistincta per cellulam: subtus isabellino-fuscescentibus, maculis obscurioribus et
punctis semihyalinis ut supra sitis, illis minoribus, macula ad angulum analem nigra ; palpis subtus albis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemana, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B.
Richardson), Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras? (Wiétthiigel, mus. Stau-
dinger), San Pedro (G. M. Whitely).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a specimen from Honduras named L. fuscescens by
M. Mabille, and with this insect a series long in our possession agrees. The range of
the species extends from Southern Mexico to Honduras, but appears to be nowhere
common.

C. fuscescens is the darkest and most uniformly coloured of this section of the genus,
and on the upper surface of the wings it resembles C’. meridensis ; beneath, however,
the glaucous area on the secondaries of the latter species at once distinguishes it.
The male organs are very different: these in C. fuscescens have a truncate tegumen,
which is cleft in the middle, and has at each outer corner a short hook and a short
spine on either side near the base; the harpes end in two lobes, the points of which
approach each other, and are shaped rather like the claw of a lobster, another lobe
directed forwards lies on the inner surface. (See Tab. LXXXV. fig. 21.)

9. Carrhenes calidius, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 22, 23 ¢ .)

C. fuscescenti similis, sed anticis ad medium marginis interni et posticis area discali omnino albicantioribus,
harum fascia maculosa discali magis obvia: subtus posticis albicantibus, maculis omnibus evanascentibus,
macula nigra ad angulum analem nonnunquam absente.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann); Guatemaua, Zapote, Panima
(Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales ( Belt); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama,
Bugaba ( Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe, mus. Staudinger ).—AMAZONS VALLEY.

Though resembling C. fuscescens in the form of the male organs, and therefore
evidently closely related to that species, C. calidius may readily be distinguished by the
much paler colour of the central portion of both wings ; it thus resembles C. canescens,

390 RHOPALOCERA.

a species with different male organs, and therefore not really allied. A comparison of
the figures will render their external differences apparent.

The species most nearly allied to the present one is Leucochitonea cheremon, Mab.,
which is also a Carrhenes. This is a Brazilian insect, of which we have a male named
by comparison with the type kindly lent us by M. Mabille.

C. cheremon is a larger insect, with the markings of the wings more distinct, and a
more definite light-coloured area on the secondaries.

6. Male genitalia as represented on Tab. LXXXV. fig. 26.
3. Carrhenes callipetes, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 24, 25, 26 4.)

C. fuscescenti similis, sed anticis maculis semihyalinis magis numerosis, macula ad cellule finem duplici et.
altera supra eas ad costam, maculis discalibus majoribus, duabus inter venam submedianam et ramum
medianum ; posticis quoque maculis duabus discalibus semihyalinis: subtus macula ad angulum analem
nigra nulla.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (F. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Rime) ; Guate-
MALA, Duenas, Panima (Champion).—CoLomBIA.

In general colour this species resembles C. fuscescens, but it belongs to the group in
which the male organs differ widely from those of that species. The hyaline spots on
the primaries are more numerous, and a band of them extends over the discal area of
the primaries nearly to the inner margin. The number of hyaline spots also separates
C. callipetes from C. canescens; the latter is also a paler insect, with the underside
much whiter.

C. callipetes has a wide range, extending from Southern Mexico to Colombia, but
appears to be nowhere common.

The male genitalia have a forked tegumen, with a short blunt point at the base on
either side ; the scaphium is well developed: the harpes end in a blunt slightly upturned
point; about the middle of the dorsal edge are two small lobes, which cross each other ;
a long serrate lobe starts from the base of the inner surface, and is directed forwards
with a slight downward curve. (See Tab. LXXXYV. fig. 26.)

4. Carrhenes meridensis. (Tab. LXX XV. figg. 27, 28 3.)
Achlyodes meridensis, Staud.

C. fuscescenti et C. callipeti quoad paginam superiorem alarum similis, sed subtus posticis area interna usque
ad angulum analem et marginem internum glaucescente alba facile distinguendus.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).— VENEZUELA.

Dr. Staudinger has supplied us with a specimen of this species from Venezuela, with
the name Achlyodes meridensis attached to it; this title we adopt, though apparently
not hitherto published. C. meridensis can readily be distinguished from all the other
species of Carrhenes mentioned here by the glaucous colour which overspreads

CARRHENES. 391

the secondaries from the inner margin to the central portion of the wing, leaving the
costa and outer margin fuscous.

The male genitalia resemble those of C. callipetes. We figure a specimen from
Caché, Costa Rica.

5. Carrhenes canescens. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 29, 30¢.)
Leucochitonea canescens, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 476°.

Similis preecedentibus, sed alis pallidioribus, maculis semihyalinis minutis ; anticis maculis fuscis magis obviis :
subtus omnino pallidis, maculis valde irregularibus,

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann), Rincon, Acaguizotla (H. H. Smith), Cuesta de
Misantla (Trujillo), Misantla (F. D. G.), Potrero (Hedemann 1), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes),
Cordova (Réiimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann); GuatTemata, Volcan de Santa
Maria (W. B. Richardson), Zapote, San Gerénimo, Panima (Champion); Nicaragua,
Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui
(Libbe, in mus. Staudinger).—COoLOMBIA.

Rudolph Felder described this species from specimens obtained by Hedemann at
Potrero, in the Mexican State of Vera Cruz!. We have many examples from the same
district and from various parts of Central America, where it appears to be the most
abundant species of the genus. Its range in altitude extends from near the sea-level
to a height of 3000 to 4000 feet in the mountains. The male genitalia resemble those
of C. callipetes.

We figure a male specimen from Atoyac, Vera Cruz.

6. Carrhenes leada. (Tab. LXXXV. figg. 31, 32 ¢.)
Achlyodes leada, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 516°.

C. canescenti persimilis et forsan vix diversus; anticis medialiter canescentibus, ad basin et ad apicem distincte
fuscescentibus ; posticis quoque pallidioribus.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché, Ivazu (Rogers).—CotomBia ; VENEZUELA’; AMAZONS ;
Brazit; PARAGUAY.

It is questionable if this species is distinct from C. canescens, as all the main features
correspond. C. leada, however, has the central portion of the primaries much paler,
the base and apex being dark, giving the insect a rather different facies. Its range,
too, extends much further southwards.

The type from Venezuela described by Mr. Butler I being in poor condition hardly
shows the characters so well as fresher specimens; we therefore figure a male
specimen from Caché, Costa Rica.

The male genitalia are like those of C. canescens and C. callipetes.

399 RHOPALOCERA.

POTAMANAX.
Potamanax, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 55.

This small genus contains eight or nine species, distinguished by their short primaries,
which, though not actually truncate, have the apex rounded and the costa short
relatively to the other margins. The palpi have a distinct porrect terminal joint; the
cell of the primaries is narrow and short; the third median segment short, the second
long; the lower and middle discocellulars are subequal, the lower radial slender ; the
third median segment of the secondaries is short, the second subcostal segment rather
longer, both discocellulars and radial very slender. The hind tibie have two pairs of
spurs, but no tibial tuft.

The range of Potamanax extends over the western portion of South America from
Peru northwards, spreading in Central America as far north as Nicaragua. Four
species occur within our limits.

The male genitalia of a species allied to P. thestia, which we describe below as
Potamanax paralus*, have a tegumen ending in two widely divergent points, with a
short blunt point at the base on either side; the scaphium is well developed, and ends
in two patches with granular surfaces; the harpes are subtriangular and end in a
slightly upturned point about the middle of the dorsal edge, the margin is thickened
and granular, and between this and the apex are a few widely separated distinct

teeth, from the inner surface near the base is an erect slightly recurved lobe. (See
Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 1.)

1. Potamanax pammenes, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 2, 3.)

Alis nigricantibus, fascia communi lata a ven» subcostalis anticarum medio ad angulum posticarum analem

alba, ad marginem anticarum internum flavo vix tincta: subtus dilutioribus, posticis usque ad basin
griseo-albidis ; palpis infra albis,

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Beit).

This species is closely allied to P. unifasciata (Feld.) from Colombia, but differs in
having the apex of the primaries uniform, the diaphanous spots of P. unifasciata being
wholly absent. The inner margin of the white band of the primaries is not tinged
with rufous-orange ; but the whole band has a slight yellow shade where it runs out to
the inner margin.

A species closely allied to P. pammenes occurs in Ecuador, differing in having the
white band of the secondaries more restricted and not continued to th

P. thoria is also closely allied, but has the common white band, es
primaries, considerably narrower.

e inner margin.
pecially on the

* Potamanax paralus, sp. n.

P. thestie affinis, sed fascia alarum communi multo angustiore, in posticis abbreviata.
Hab. Peru, Cosnipata Valley (Z. Whitely).

This is the species referred by Mr. Druce to Pyrgus thestia (P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 249),

POTAMANAX. 393

2. Potamanax melicertes, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 4.)

P. pamment affinis, sed fascia alarum communi alba usque ad costam anticarum extendente, contra in posticis
marginem internum haud approximante.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a specimen of this species under the name Lewcochitonea
unifasciata, Feld.; but it differs from that insect by the absence of the spots in the
apex of the primaries, and the rufous-orange inner edge to the white band on the
same wings. From P. pammenes it differs as noted above.

3. Potamanax caliadne, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 5, 6.)

Alis nigricantibus; anticis fascia mediana venis nigris octopartita alba, maculis duabus, una rami mediani
primi utrinque et margine interno ad medium indistincte aurantiacis, area discali fusco maculato,
punctis submarginalibus quoque fusco-albidis ; posticis plaga magna mediana alba costam attingente, sed
angulo anali haud approximante: subtus fuscis, fascia communi lata alba, maculis submarginalibus albis ;
anticis area apicali pallide fusco variegata, posticis ad basin glaucescentibus ; palpis subtus griseo-albidis,

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

We have only one specimen of this species, which was captured at Caché in Costa
Rica by Mr. H. Rogers. The species is allied to P. thestia and P. latrea: from the
former (taking Hewitson’s “ male” as the type) it differs in having the dark portions
of the primaries more distinctly variegated, and the white patch of the secondaries
much larger, as well as in other minor points; and from the latter it differs in the more
definite band of the primaries and its white colour, the patch of the secondaries being
much wider and confined to the inner area of the wing, not approaching the inner

margin.

4. Potamanax latrea.
Leucochitonea latrea, Hew. Ex. Butt., Leucochitonea, u. f. 14°.

Alis fusco-nigricantibus, fascia communi mediana albicante in anticis fuscescentiore et venis octopartita, area
discali indistincte pallide fusco variegata, punctis submarginalibus indistincte fuscis, in posticis integra a
costa usque ad marginem internum extendente: subtus fuscis, fascia communi multo latiore in posticis
albicantiore et fere integra ; posticis ad basin glaucescentibus.

Hab. Nicaracua (Mus. Brit.*).
The single specimen in the Hewitson collection in the British Museum is the only

one we have seen.

5. Potamanax xantholeuce. (Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 7.)
Ephyriades xantholeuce, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 242, f. 5 (1888) *.

Alis brunneis, fascia irregulari communi obscure aurantiaca, in anticis venis quadripartita sed costam haud
attingente, in posticis integra costam attingente sed margine interno remota, area discali indistincte nubi-
losa : subtus ut supra, fascia communi multo latiore, in anticis integra costam attingente, posticis ad basin

et ad marginem internum glaucescentibus. _

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., March 1895. 35

394 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger *).

M. Mabille’s type, a female, has been lent us by Dr. Staudinger, and from it our
figure is taken. The species is allied to P. latrea and P. caliadne ; but differs in many
points, as a comparison between the figures of it and of the latter will show.

ACHLYODES.
Achlyodes, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 107 (1816) ; Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 52.

This generic name has been used in a very wide sense by writers, until Mr. Watson
restricted it to A. fridericus and its immediate allies. We find eight species occurring
within our limits, some of which, however, for want of sufficient materials, we place
here with diffidence.

The palpi of Achlyodes have a short terminal porrect joint, the antenne have a
rather long gradually thickened and pointed club; the primaries have no costal fold,
the third median segment is very short, the lower and middle discocellulars subequal ;
the third median segment of the secondaries is very short, much shorter than the
second subcostal segment, the discocellulars and radial are very feeble.

a. No hyaline spots in the apex of the primaries.

1. Achlyodes fridericus, (Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 8.)
Achlyodes fridericus, Geyer, in Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schm. iv. p. 9, ff. 611, 612 (1832) ?.

Alis nigricantibus ; anticis dimidio distali fusco irregulariter variegato; posticis fascia maculosa valde indis-
tincta discali notatis: subtus vix pallidioribus, anticis fere immaculatis, fasciis duabus submarginalibus
indistinctis pallidioribus ; posticis area marginis externi ad angulum analem late canescente, longitudin-
aliter indistincte bisecta ; palpis subtus fuscis.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe, mus. Staudinger), Lion Hill

(M‘Leannan).— VENEZUELA ; GUIANA]. |

Achlyodes fridericus, in its typical form, has a well-defined patch of white on the
underside of the secondaries occupying the anal angle and a portion of the outer
margin. We have several specimens from the State of Panama which have this
character. In the Amazons Valley and Brazil other forms occur in which this white
patch becomes almost obsolete, so that the limits of the species are somewhat
uncertain.

The male genitalia have a-tegumen consisting of a stout single rod with a blunt
end; the scaphium is long and sharply pointed and lies close under the tegumen ; the
harpes have two rather widely separated lobes, the upper one thin and with undulating
edges, the lower one stouter, slightly upturned, the end being symmetrically rounded
and carrying a number of long slender hairs. (See Tab, LXXXVI. fig. 8.)

ACHLYODES. 395

2. Achlyodes caliginea. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 9, 10 ¢.)
Achlyodes caliginea, Mab.

A. friderici similis, sed posticis omnino fusco-nigricantibus, fascia submarginali indistincte fusca tantum
notatis.

Hab. Mzxico, Atoyac (HZ. H. Smith, Schumann), Misantla (Ff. D. G.), Teapa (H. #.
Smith); Guaremata, Panima, San Gerdnimo, San Isidro (Champion); MWonpuras
(Wittkigel, mus. Staudinger); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché
(Rogers).—CoLoMBIA ; VENEZUELA.

This is the prevalent form of Achlyodes throughout Central America, where it is
common from the Mexican State of Vera Cruz southwards to Panama, Northern
Colombia, and Venezuela. It is a larger, darker insect than A. fridericus, and has no
white on the secondaries beneath.

The male genitalia resemble those of A. fridericus, and there can be no question
that the two species are strictly congeneric.

The name we use is one found attached by M. Mabille to a specimen lent us by
Dr. Staudinger. We have not been able to find the description.

3. Achlyodes calavius, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 11, 12 ¢.)

Alis saturate brunneis unicoloribus, punctis semihyalinis nullis: subtus quoque brunneis, paulo pallidioribus.

_ Hab. Guaremaua, San Gerdénimo, Zapote (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This is one of the dark unicolorous species of Hesperiide which is difficult to place
with certainty. The wings are wholly destitute of marks, but in shape suggest that
Achlyodes is probably the genus into which the species should be placed, at least for
the present.

We have four specimens before us, one from each of the localities given above.

6. A single hyaline spot in the apex of the primaries.

4. Achlyodes bubaris, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 13, 14 3.)

Alis nigricantibus, marginibus externis paulo pallidioribus; anticis puncto unico semihyalino subapicali
costam approximante: subtus pallidioribus et brunnescentioribus ; palpis subtus griseo-albicantibus.

Hab. Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (2. Trujillo).

_ We have two specimens of this dark-coloured species, which seems best placed in
Achlyodes. A single semihyaline spot between the third and fourth subcostal branches
of the primaries seems a characteristic feature of the species, distinguishing it from the
other members of the genus.

SEZ

396 RHOPALOCERA.

c. Several hyaline spots in the apex of the primaries.

5. Achlyodes simplex. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 15, 16 2.)

Alis saturate brunneis, fere unicoloribus, fascia submwarginali communi vix pallidiore ; anticis punctis tribus
subapicalibus semihyalinis, medio minimo: subtus ut supra, vix pallidioribus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a specimen of this species from his collection bearing
the name “ Nisoniades cyclops, Mab.,” but it does not agree with the description of
“ Achlyodes cyclops, Mab.,” a species which we refer to further on. A. stmplex occurs
in Chiriqui with A. fasciata, from which it differs in having the primaries beneath
nearly wholly dark.

6. Achlyodes fasciata, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 17.)

Alis saturate brunneis; anticis fascia lata submarginali paulo pallidiore, punctis tribus subapicalibus semi-
hyalinis, medio minimo ; posticis fere unicoloribus, fascia submarginali vix pallidiore : subtus pallidioribus,
anticis fascia lata submarginali ochracea, margine suo interno valde sinuato.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Z7rétsch).

We have seen two specimens of this species, both of them submitted to us by
Dr. Staudinger.

Both these specimens appear to be females, and we are a little doubtful whether the
species is really distinct from A. simplex, of which we have only seen a single example.
The very obvious wide submarginal ochraceous band on the primaries beneath, in the
present species, in contrast to the nearly uniform wings of A. simplex, seems sufficient
to separate them. . |

7. Achlyodes colotes, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 18, 19 2.)

Q@. Alis ad basin fere omnino nigricantibus, fascia basali distincta nulla, fascia pallida submarginali lata:
subtus griseo-fuscis, posticis pallidioribus, maculis magnis fuscis notatis; palpis subtus et corpore subtus
albicantibus.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

We have two specimens of this species, both of them unfortunately females, so that
its position is somewhat doubtful. On the upperside of the wings they resemble
A. simplex, but differ beneath, as will be seen by reference to the figures.

8. Achlyodes oiclus. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 20, 21 2.)

«ichylodes oiclus, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 25, f. 3 (1889) *.

Alis rufo-brunneis ; anticis fasciis duabus indistinctis, exteriore interrupta, punctis tribus in linea recta sub-
apicalibus semihyalinis ; posticis fascia arcuata discali et margine externo fuscis: subtus pallidioribus
posticis dimidio anali flavido, ciliis fuscis.

3 ignotus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger).

ACHLYODES.—SOSTRATA. 397

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of this species, the only specimen we have seen.
It is a female.

SOSTRATA, gen. nov.

The primaries in this genus are rather elongated, the outer margin being evenly
rounded ; the palpi have a rather long porrect terminal joint; the antenne much as
in Achlyodes, with a curved rather elongated club tapering to a point; the primaries
have a distinct costal fold, the third median segment is very short, the lower disco-
cellular rather shorter than the middle; the third median segment of the secondaries
is very short, about one-third the second subcostal segment, the discocellulars and
radial are very feeble; the hind tibize have two pairs of spurs and a tibial tuft.

The range of the genus extends from Eastern Mexico to South-eastern Brazil, three
species being found within this wide area.

1. Sostrata scintillans. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 22, 23, 24 ¢.)
Leucochitonea scintillans, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1876, p. cc’.

Alis nigricantibus, ad margines vix violaceo tinctis ; anticis bitriente basali squamis nitide argenteo-ceruleis
irregulariter notatis, fasciisque undulatis angustis nigris ornatis, punctis duobus submarginalibus semi-
hyalinis ; posticis parte basali cewruleo atomatis, fasciis tribus indistinctis fuscis: subtus pallide fuscis,
anticis fusco nebulosis, posticis indistincte fusco zonatis; palpis subtus griseo-albidis.

Hab. Muzxico, Acapulco, Dos Arroyos, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gawmer); GuateMaLa, Panima, Cahabon, Zapote (Champion); Costa Rica,
Irazu, Caché (Rogers).—Gutana!; Braziu?.

The types of this pretty species came from Guiana and Brazil, and from the latter
country we have several examples agreeing accurately with a good series from Mexico
and Central America, where the species appears to be fairly common.

The male genitalia have a tegumen consisting of a central piece, the edges of which
are bent downwards; the whole piece is slightly curved and truncate at the end, the
corners slightly projecting; on either side from the base a curved rod proceeds and
reaches almost to the end of the central piece: the scaphium is well developed and
covered at the end with a granular surface; the harpes are very simple and end in a
lobe, the upper edge of which is armed with strong bristles, the middle of the dorsal
edge is broken. (See Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 24.)

2. Sostrata leucorrhoa, sp. x.
S. scintillanti similis, sed posticis subtus dimidio anali glauco-albo ; anticis quoque subtus ad marginem internum
albo notatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), Panama (J. J. Walker), Taboga I. (Mathew).—
CoLoMBIA.

398 RHOPALOCERA.

A close ally of 8. scintillans, the place of which it apparently takes in the State of
Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. The white apical angle of the secondaries beneath
is a marked feature, distinguishing it from the allied form.

3. Sostrata pusilla, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 25, 26 ¢.)

Precedentibus similis, sed multo minor ; alis nigricantioribus ad basin tantum ceruleo atomatis ; anticis punctis
subapicalibus nullis.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—AmMazons VALLEY.

This little species is evidently allied to S. scintillans, but differs in being much
smaller, with darker wings, the blue scales being confined to the basal half, and the
absence of hyaline spots in the apex of the primaries. We have as yet only seen four
specimens of S. pustlla—one from each of our Central American localities, and two
from the Amazons Valley, taken by Bates at Ega and Santarem. All four are males.

PACHES, gen. nov.
Pythonides, Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 51 (partim).

Under this genus, of which Phareas lorus, Westw., may be considered the type, we
include all the species placed in Pythonides by Mr. Watson which have the hind tibie
in the male with two pairs of spurs and a tibial tuft. In true Pythonides the latter
character is absent, and in the next genus we find only one pair of spurs.

The antenne have a rather long tapering club, which is curved and drawn toa point;
the palpi have a rather prominent porrect terminal joint; the third submedian segment
of the primaries is moderately long, less than half, but more than a third, the second
joint, the lower and middle discocellulars are subequal and in a line, and they as well
as the radial are feeble; the third median segment of the secondaries is distinct and
only slightly shorter than the second subcostal segment; the discocellulars and radial
are very feebly developed. :

The range of Paches extends throughout the Neotropical region from Southern
Mexico to South Brazil.

1. Paches loxus. (Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 27 ¢.)

Phareas loxus, Westw. in Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 516%.
Pythonides loxus, Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. t. 80. f. 47; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 51°.
Leucochitonea loxus, Kirby, Cat. Hew. Coll. p. 2314.

Alis fusco-nigricantibus ; anticis ad basin et linea irregulari discali margini externo subparallela lste saturate
cyaneis ; posticis area interna omnino hujus coloris: subtus fere omnino fuscis, posticis squamis paucis
in lineis duabus transversis positis tantum notatis.

@ . Alis supra colore cyaneo nulla; anticis punctis quibusdam semihyalinis in linea valde irregulari et interrupta
positis a costa usque ad marginem internum ; posticis linea mediana transversa, squamis sparsis glaucis
composita, introrsum melius definita. °

PACHES. 399

Hab. Mexico‘, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Bririse Honpuras, Corosal (Roe) ;
GUATEMALA, Polochic and Motagua Valleys (7. D. G. & O. S.), Panima, San Gerénimo
(Champion), Pacific coast (F. D. G. & O. S.), Zapote, San Isidro, Paraiso (Champion),
Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson); Hoxpvras (Dyson), San Pedro (G. M.
Whitely) ; Nicaracua*; Costa Rica, Trazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba, David
(Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe, Arcé), Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Sovru
AMERICA generally, from Colombia to South Brazil.

This common species was named and figured in Doubleday and Hewitson’s ‘ Genera
of Diurnal Lepidoptera’ from a specimen from an unknown locality in the collection of
the latter lepidopterist. The specimens now in the Hewitson collection are stated to
be from Mexico and Nicaragua. We have only a few examples of P. loxus from the
State of Vera Cruz, but at Teapa and throughout Guatemala and the rest of Central
America the species is evidently very abundant. Though hardly so common in the
southern continent it yet has a very wide range.

Fresh male specimens show a rich dark blue tint on the wings, but this becomes
greenish in others that appear to be less fresh or stained.

Mr. Watson placed P. loxus in the section of Pythonides amongst the species in
which the hind tibie possess only the terminal pair of spurs. In our prepared
specimens both pairs are distinctly visible, as well as the tibial tuft of hairs.

The male genitalia have a short cleft tegumen, the branches being slightly divergent;
the scaphium is well developed: the harpes are rounded at the end, and from the
dorsal edge a long curved rod arises and bends downwards in front of the end of each
harpe; a lobe slightly leaning forwards arises from near the base of the ventral edge
and lies inside the disc of the harpe. (See Tab. LXX XVI. fig. 27.)

2. Paches polla. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 28, 29 ¢.)
Pythonides polla, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 254, f. 1 (1888) ?.

P, loxo affinis, sed anticis ad basin haud cyaneis, punctis quoque subapicalibus duobus aut tribus semihyalinis,
area ad angulum analem squamis glaucis atomata ; posticis colore cyaneo pallidiore et magis nitido, fascia
transversa mediana et altera infra eam indistincta glaucescentibus, linea quoque abbreviata ad angulum
apicalem: subtus undique squamis pallidis, sparsim notatis.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Acaguizotla, Rio Papagaio, Dos Arroyos, all in Guerrero

(H. H. Smith); Costa Rica 1, Irazu and Caché (Rogers).

M. Mabille described this species from a specimen from Costa Rica in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection, and the type is now before us. It agrees with other examples in our
collection from Costa Rica, and a small series from the State of Guerrero, but we have
no, evidence of the occurrence of the species in any of the intervening country. Asin
P. loxus the hind tibie of the male have two pairs of spurs and a long tibial tuft.

The genitalia of the male closely resemble those of P. loxus.

400 RHOPALOCERA.

3. Paches subalbatus. (Tab. LXXXVI. fig. 30 9 .)
Pythonides subalbata, Plétz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. XxXxvil. p. 12 (1884) ’.
Pythonides subornatus, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 255, f. 2 (1888) ”.
Pythonides zonula, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 67, f. 1 (1889) °.

Alis brunneis, fere unicoloribus, fasciis duabus communibus subobsoletis, squamis sparsis glaucis compositis, ab
anticarum medio usque ad medium marginis posticarum interni; anticis punctis tribus costalibus ad
angulum apicalem: subtus anticis fere ut supra, posticis dimidio angulo anali proximo albido, linea sub-
marginali brunnea notatis.

$ nobis adhuc ignotus.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—Co.omsia? ;
VENEZUELA.

Of this species we have specimens from Venezuela given us by Herr Semper, and
named “ subalbata, H.-S. i. 1. Plotz, Taf. 453”; also the types, lent us by Dr. Staudinger,
of P. subornatus, Mab., and P. zonula, Mab., and we have no doubt all belong to the
same species, which should bear the name P. subalbatus, Plétz. ‘The only point on
which we have. any doubt is whether the specimen described by M. Mabille as the
female of his P. zonula is really conspecific. The distal half of the secondaries beneath
is sprinkled with bluish scales instead of being nearly pure white with a submarginal
macular band as in all our other specimens.

P. subalbatus only just enters our fauna; the few specimens we have seen from
within our border were all taken on the Line of the Panama Railway.

We believe all the specimens we have seen of this species to be females; none of
them have a tibial tuft of hairs that we can detect on the hind legs, but the tibie have

both pairs of spurs as in P. loxus and its allies.

4, Paches geometrinus.

Helias geometrina, Feld. Reise d. Nov. Lep. p. 534, t. 74. f. 5 (1867) °.

Pythonides geometrina, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 51°.

Achylodes hadina, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 517°.

Achylodes corbianus, Plotz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvu. p. 15 (1884) *.

Alis brunneis, fasciis duabus communibus bene separatis saturatiore fuscis pallide limbatis, marginibus externis
plus minusve parallelis, linea submarginali quoque fusca marginibus ipsis pallidis: subtus pallidioribus,
anticis squamis fulvis sparsim atomatis, plaga elongata fulva discali quoque notatis; posticis undique
squamis albidis sparsim notatis, lineisque transversis evanescentibus albidis quoque instructis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (R7bbe, in mus. Staudinger ).—Soutu AMERIcA generally, from

Colombia! and Venezuela! to South Brazil 3 4.

Felder’s types of this species came from Colombia and Venezuela}, Mr. Butler’s
type of A. hadina from Brazil %, and Plotz’s type of A. corbianus from Rio
Janeiro*. All these names appear to be synonyms of P. geometrina. Of A. corbianus
we have a specimen from Novo Friburgo given to us by Herr Semper thus named,

PACHES,—ATE. 401

with a reference to Plétz’s plate no. 962; this agrees with the type of A. hadina and
Felder’s figure.

The hind tibiz have two pairs of spurs and a slender tibial tuft of hairs.

The male genitalia have the harpes very similarly constructed to those of P. lous,
the lower lobe is wider and more angular, the upper more slender and pointed. (See

Tab. LXX XVI. fig. 27.)
ATE, gen. nov.

In this genus we place all the species, formerly in Pythonides, which have only one
pair of spurs to the hind tibia. P. jovianus may be taken as the type.

The antenne and palpi are as in the last genus; the third median segment is much
shorter, the discocellulars and radial stronger; the third median segment of the
secondaries is very short, the second subcostal segment comparatively long. The hind
tibiee of the male have a large tuft.

_ The range of this genus extends from Guatemala to South Brazil. Besides the
species mentioned below, Pythonides fabricti, Kirby, Leucochitonea lagia, Hew., and
L. lerina, Hew., all belong to Ate.

1, Ate proxenus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 31, 32, 33¢.)

Alis nigris, anticis punctis tribus parvis discalibus semihyalinis (uno in cellula, duobus extra eam) et duobus

_ aut tribus costalibus ad angulum apicalem; posticis margine externo (preter angulum apicalem) late
ceruleo : subtus anticis ut supra, ad marginem internum pallidioribus; posticis nitente ceruleis, margine
costali, angulo apicali, linea irregulari submarginali et maculis quibusdam discalibus fusco-nigricantibus ;
palpis medialiter infra albis, lateribus et segmento ultimo nigris.

Hab. Guatemata, Yzabal and Choctum (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.), Panima (Champion) ;
Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba, Veraguas (Arcé), Chiriqui (Ridbe, in
mus. Staudinger).

A close ally of A. lagia (Hew.), but with fewer spots on the primaries and less
broken expanse of blue on the outer portion of the secondaries beneath. A. lerina
(Hew.) is also allied, but in this species the secondaries are crossed by a blue band
instead of having a blue margin.

The hind tibiz in the male have a single pair of spurs and a long tibial tuft.

Of this species we have several male specimens obtained in various parts of the
Central-American lowlands from Guatemala to the State of Panama.

The male genitalia have a simple tegumen ending in a depressed point, much as in
Pythonides cerialis; the scaphium is well developed, and the harpes are simple lobes
with rounded ends, the outer portion being slightly upturned. (See Tak. LXX XVI.

fig. 33.)
2. Ate pteras, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 34, 35 ¢.)

A. proxeno similis, sed anticis punctis semihyalinis nullis squamis paucis ceruleis maculis indistinctis formant-

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1895. 3 F

402 RHOPALOCERA.

ibus in dimidio distali; posticis margine externo (preter angulum apicalem) glauco c#ruleo, limbo suo
interno bene definito: subtus anticis immaculatis; posticis (preter marginem costalem et angulum
apicalem fuscos) omnino glauco-ceruleis. .

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, mus. nostr.), David (Champion).

Two male specimens of this species differ from A. provenus and A. lagia in having
the primaries destitute of spots, the secondaries with a narrower duller blue border,
and with these wings beneath uninterruptedly blue, except a narrow dark costal
border.

The hind legs in both our specimens are wanting, so that the position of this species
cannot be given with certainty.

3. Ate jovianus.
Papilio jovianus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 392. ff. L, M’.
Pythonides jovianus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 51”.

Alis nigris, anticis macula in cellula, una venis tripartita infra eam et punctis quatuor in linea fere recta
positis ad angulum apicalem semihyalinis, linea submarginali maculosa cerulea, maculis ad angulum
analem elongatis ; posticis interne lete ceruleis, marginibus et venis nigris: subtus anticis ut supra, lines
submarginalis cerulee maculis elongatis ad angulum analem tantum presentibus; posticis nitide ceruleis,
costa, margine externo et venis extus tantum nigris.

Hab. Guatemata, Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.).—Guiana ; AMAzons VALLEY.

Our sole authority for including this species in our fauna is a male specimen taken
by ourselves during our expedition to Guatemala in 1861-63. In South America it is
not uncommon in the Amazons Valley and Guiana.

The hind tibie of the male have a single pair of spurs and a long tuft of hairs from
the proximal end.

The male genitalia closely resemble those of A. proxenus.

4. Ate amaryllis. (Tab. LXXXVI. figg. 36, 37 ¢.)
Pythonides amaryllis, Staud. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 114°.

A. joviano similis, sed macula semihyalina anticarum per cellulam integra: subtus maculis duabus elongatis
ceruleis ad angulum analem vix distinguendus.

Hab. GuateMa.a, Forests of N. Vera Paz, Choctum, Polochic Valley (/. D. G. &
O. S.), Panima, San Juan (Champion) ; Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba,
San Feliz (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger), Veraguas (Arcé).—
Ecuabor.

A species closely allied to A. fabricii (Hiibn.), but may readily be distinguished by
the absence of white on the disc of the secondaries, the inner area of these wings being
uniform blue cut only by the black veins. From A. jovianus it differs in having the
median white band of the primaries entire and not split up into spots.

- A. amaryllis was described by Dr. Staudinger! from a specimen, now before us, sent

ATE.—MILANION. 403

him by Herr Ribbe from Chiriqui. We now trace the species over the whole of
Central America, from Eastern Guatemala southwards. We have also specimens of
Buckley’s collecting from Ecuador.

The hind tibie of the male, like those of A. jovianus, have a single pair of spurs and
a long tibial tuft.

The male genitalia are like those of A. jovianus and A. proxenus.

MILANION, gen. nov.

Papilio hemes, Cramer, which we take as the type of this genus, was assigned to
Paramimus by Mr. Watson, but differs in several respects. The antenne have a
longer sharper club, the cell of the primaries is wider and relatively shorter, those
wings are less rounded, and the general style of coloration is distinct.

Besides the species described below and MV. hemes we place in this genus Pythonides
leucaspis, Mab. (Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 230), from a specimen of which we have taken
the male genitalia. These have a tegumen terminating in a widely divergent pair of
points, the scaphium is well developed, and the harpes very simple, ending in a single
slightly upturned blunt lobe; on the inner surface of the base is an elongated piece with
a thickened dorsal edge, bearing a few well-defined teeth. (See Tab. LXXXVIL. fig. 1.)

1. Milanion marciana, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVIIL. figg. 2, 3.)

Alis nigris; anticis maculis quinque subapicalibus in linea irregulari transversa positis, duabus inferioribus
maximis, secunda a costa minima, semihyalinis; fascia mediana venis tripartita a vena mediana extra
cellulam ad marginem internum, in posticis producta sed multo latiore, aream medianam occupante usque
ad marginem internum alba: subtus ut supra; palpis subtus albis, apicibus nigris; abdomine medialiter
late albo cincto.

@ adhuc ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, mus. Staudinger), Bugaba (Champion).

We have seen two specimens of this species, one of them lent us by Dr. Staudinger.
The well-known Papilio hemes, Cramer, is the nearest ally of IZ. marciana; but differs
in having a much narrower median white band to the secondaries, besides which there

s a white spot in the cell, not shown in the present insect.

2. Milanion marica, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVII. figg. 4, 5.)

Alis nigris; anticis maculis quinque subapicalibus, fere equalibus, ea coste proxima paulo elongata, semi-
hyalinis, macula altera inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum ejusdem coloris; fascia mediana
transversa costam fere attingente, per cellulam ad marginem internum ducta et posticas transeunte, ad
angulum analem alba: subtus ut supra, alis ad basin glaucescentibus; palpis subtus albis, apicibus nigris.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt).

We have a single specimen of this species from Belt’s collection. It is in rather poor
condition, and we are in some doubt whether it is rightly placed here. It bears some
resemblance to Potomanaxr, but the primaries are more elongated than is usual in that

genus.
3 F2

404 RHOPALOCERA.

EANTIS.
Eantis, Boisduval, Sp. Gén. Atlas, t. 18. f. 6 (1836); Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 57.

We use this genus in a rather more restricted sense than Mr. Watson, who placed
in it Mr. Butler's Achlyodes rosina, A. gorgophone, and Felder’s Helias meaicana, a
distinct form, as will be seen under the next genus. This leaves us #. busirus,
E. thraso, and E. pallida of our region, which agree in some points, but differ in others,
so that even now antis is a heterogenous group.

The type E. busirus has the primaries slightly falcate, the outer margin very convex
in the middle and concave towards the apex. The cell is long and narrow, the third
median segment about half the length of the second segment ; the lower and middle
discocellulars are feeble, oblique, and subequal, the latter bent in the middle; the
secondaries have very feeble discocellulars, the radial hardly visible, the third median
segment is short but distinct, rather shorter than the second subcostal segment; the
secondaries in the male have a tuft of black hairs near the base of the costa on the
upperside, and a black scaly patch adjoining, on the underside of the primaries at the
base of the inner margin is a corresponding tuft and scaly patch. The palpi have a
very short terminal joint just appearing beyond the clothing of the second joint; the
hind tibie of the male have two pairs of spurs and a well-developed tuft.

In E. thraso the margin of the secondaries is more regularly rounded, and there
are no tufts on the wings at their bases; the radial of the secondaries is stronger,
and the lower discocellular rather the longer of the two, the third median segment
being very short. In E£. pallida the outer edge of the primaries is evenly convex
throughout from the apex to the anal angle, the palpi are more prominently porrect,
the secondaries being much as in &. thraso.

EH. busirus and £. thraso have a very wide range in tropical America, the range of
E. pallida being more restricted to the western portion of the continent, Central
America, and Mexico. .

1. Kantis busirus. (Tab. LXXXVII. fig. 6.)

Papilio busirus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 261. ff. A-C’.

Eantis busiris, Wats. P. Z. S. 18938, p. 57 ?.

Papilio sebaldus, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 89°.

Alis purpureo-nigricanti-brunnescentibus ; anticis pallidiore brunneo transversim sed irregulariter variegatis ;
posticis basi et fasciis duabus irregularibus indistincte pallidioribus: subtus fere unicoloribus; anticis
squamis quibusdam aurantiis ad apicem et ad angulum analem ; posticis angulo anali et marginis externi
bitriente anali aurantiis maculis nigricantibus ornatis ; palpis omnino saturate fuscis.

$ mari similis, sed omnino pallidioribus, maculis anticarum et fasciis irregularibus evanescentibus; posticis
quoque pallidioribus, area mediana tantum obscura.

Hab. Muxico, Jalisco (Schumann), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremaa, Volcan
de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson), Zapote, Torola, El Tumbador, Panima (Champion),

KANTIS. 405

Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt, Janson) ; PANAMA,
Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe), Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill
(M‘Leannan).—Sovurn America, from Colombia to South Brazil and Paraguay.

Mexican and Central-American specimens of this species all have the distinct yellow
patch at the anal angle and the neighbouring portion of the outer margin. This form
also extends through Venezuela, Colombia, and thence southwards to South-eastern
Brazil and Paraguay. In the Valley of the Upper Amazons this yellow patch becomes
more contracted, and in the Lower Amazons region, and no doubt Guiana, it disappears
altogether, the secondaries being nearly uniform throughout.

Cramer figures both forms, of which he considers the one with yellow on the second-
aries to be the male. This view is not correct, for we find no difference between the
sexes in this respect.

The question of the specific distinction of these forms is not raised by that found
in our country, which agrees with Cramer’s fig. C, and may be called E. busirus.
Fabricius’s Papilio sebaldus refers to the same form.

Eantis busirus is a very common species in Central America, and occurs more
sparingly in Southern Mexico on both sides of the mountain-range. It is a species of
the hot country, with a range in altitude probably not exceeding 3000 or 4000 feet.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in a strong central truncate rod, slightly
hooked; at its base are two erect rods, one on either side, slightly curved forwards. The
scaphium is well developed, and the harpes end in a rounded lobe, the dorsal edge of
which is strongly serrate; near the middle of the dorsal edge, where there is a fissure, is
a small subsidiary lobe, serrate and dependent on the right harpe, smooth and erect
on the left. (See Tab. LX XX VII. fig. 6.)

2. Hantis thraso. (Tab. LXXXVII. fig. 7.)
Urbanus vetus thraso, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schm. i. t. 151°.
Eantis thraso, Boisd. Sp. Gén. Atlas, t. 13. f. 6°; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 57°.

Alis brunneo-nigricantibus, fusco irregulariter plagiatis, fascia submarginali squamis cerulescentibus composita,
plaga subtriangulari ad costam apud angulum apicalem: subtus fere immaculatis rufescenti-purpureo
suffusis ; palpis saturate fuscis.

@ mari similis, sed omnino pallidioribus, maculis omnibus magis obviis.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), Tampico (W. B. ftichardson), Cordova
(Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); Britise Honpuras,
Corosal (foe), Belize (Blancaneaux); GuaTemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B.
Richardson), Zapote, San Juan, Panima, Panzos, Teleman (Champion), Polochic and
Chisoy Valleys (Ff. D. G. & O. S8.), San Gerénimo (fF. D. G. & O. 8., Champion) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu (Rogers); Panama,
Bugaba, David, Tolé (Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (/‘Leannan).—Sovurtu
AMERICA generally to Paraguay; ANTILLES.

406 RHOPALOCERA.

A very abundant species throughout tropical America, occurring nearly everywhere
in the lowlands from Tampico and Mazatlan in Mexico to South Brazil and Paraguay,
and presenting no noticeable variation anywhere in this wide area.

The male genitalia are similar to those of E. busirus; the central rod of the tegumen
is shorter, and the erect rods at its base slightly spatulate; the terminal lobe of the
harpes carries some very large teeth, with smaller ones intervening ; from the proximal
side of the dorsal fissure a long rod proceeds, having a serrate rounded end. (See
Tab. LXX XVII. fig. 7.)

3. Hantis pallida. (Tab. LXX XVII. figg. 8, 9, 10.)
Helias pallida, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 478°.
Eantis pallida, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 57”.
Achlyodes ozotes, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 515°; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 370°.

Alis nitide ochraceo-brunneis, basi fasciis duabus macularibus tertiaque evanescente submarginali diffusis
saturatioribus: subtus anticis dimidio basali et posticis fere omnino saturate brunneis, illarum dimidio
apicali pallido; palpis subtus et corpore toto saturate brunneis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Jalapa (Hedemann 1, Hoge), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes),
Potrero (Hedemann'), Mazatlan (Forrer), Morelia (£. D. G.), Omilteme, Xucuma-
natlan (HZ. H. Smith); Guatemata, Cerro Zunil, Chilasco (Champion), Duefias (F. D. G.
& O. S., Champion), Chisoy and Polochic Valleys, San Gerénimo (f. D. G. & O. 8.);
Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *), Irazu, Caché (Rogers), Santa
Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé).—Soutu America, from Colombia! to
Bolivia 3.

This is a widely-spread common species in Mexico and Central America, extending
on the west coast of the former country as far north as Mazatlan, and cn the east to
the middle of the State of Vera Cruz. It has also a great range in altitude, being
found near the sea-level and as high as 7000 feet in the mountains at such places as
Xucumanatlan in South-western Mexico and Chilasco in Guatemala.

The first specimens of this species described were obtained by Hedemann at Jalapa
and Potrero in Vera Cruz}, in the months of January and February. It has since been
found to occur in many places in Southern Mexico, and on both sides of the mountain-
range of Guatemala, as well as in the Cordillera itself.

A Venezuela specimen in Mr. Druce’s collection was described in 1870 by Mr. Butler
as Achlyodes ozotes*, and Van Patten’s Costa-Rica specimens were referred to under the
same name by Messrs. Butlerand Druce*. These specimens, including the type, are all
before us, and they differ in no way from the Mexican insects. Mr. Butler noticed a
dark example from Bolivia in the British Museum. We also find dark specimens in
our series, but they occur throughout the range of the species, and are not restricted
to any particular locality.

EANTIS.—DOBERES. 407

The male genitalia are very similar to those of E. dusirus, the tegumen has a short
erect rod rising from the middle of the dorsal surface; the harpes are truncate, and
from the middle of the outer edge is a short lobe. (See Tab. LXX XVII. fig. 10.)

DOBERES, gen. nov.

With much of the general outline of the wings of Eantis, in which genus D. mezi-
canus is placed by Mr. Watson, Doderes differs in several important particulars: the
terminal joint of the palpi is longer and more prominent; the hind tibie instead of
having the usual two pairs of spurs have only the terminal pair, the others being
apparently entirely absent ; moreover, the under surface of the tibie has small spines
along its whole length intermingled with the scales, there is, too, a well-developed
crest of hairs along the dorsal edge, but no definite tuft as in the males of Eantis; nor
is there any tuft at the base of the secondaries on the upper surface, with a corre-
sponding patch on the under surface of the primaries, as in E. busirus. The primaries
have no costal fold.

The genus at present contains the single species mentioned below, which seems
restricted in its range to the Mexican State of Vera Cruz.

1. Doberes mexicanus. (Tab. LXXXVII. fig. il.)
Helias mexicana, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 531, t. 73. f. 207.
Achlyodes mexicana, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 16 (1884) ?.

Alis fuscis, pallide fulvo-atomatis ; anticis macula ad medium cellule et duabus infra eam fusco-nigricantibus
pallide fulvo circumcinctis, linea irregulari a margine interno medio ad medium coste (ad cellule finem
refracta) pallide fulva, altera submarginali ad apicem bifurcata ejusdem coloris; posticis maculis discalibus
in serie irregulari transversa positis, saturate fuscis, pallide fulvo circumcinctis, fasciaque per cellulam
ejusdem modo limbata: subtus anticis pallide ochraceo-fuscis fere unicoloribus, posticis paulo obscurioribus
maculis indistinctis pallidis; palpis ochraceo-albidis.

-@ mari similis, sed major, maculis alarum omnibus saturatioribus et multo magis distinctis.

Hab. Mexico (coll. Felder +), Orizaba (Boucard), Cordova (Riimeli).

A distinct species with no near allies, and apparently restricted in its range to the
State of Vera Cruz. But few specimens have reached us, and most of these were
formerly in the Saunders and Kaden Collections, and without definite locality. A
male from Orizaba was taken by M. Boucard, and another was sent by Riimeli to
Dr. Staudinger, most probably from Cordova, where the bulk of his collection was
made.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a single blunt truncate edge, near
the base of the terminal piece, on either side, is an elongated sharp-pointed lobe; the
scaphium is well developed and elongated, slightly granular at its end: the harpes
separate into two portions towards the end—the upper segment turns inwards and ends
in strong papille or teeth ; the lower segment turns upwards and is strongly serrate at
its end, (See Tab. LXXXVII. fig. 11.)

408 RHOPALOCERA.

MASICES, gen. nov.

In this genus the hind tibie are like those of Doberes mexicanus, the proximal pair
of spurs being absent and the under surface armed with a series of spines ; there is no
tibial tuft, and the dorsal edge carries a moderate crest of hairs. The outline of the
wings is similar in the two genera, but the apex of the primaries is not quite so acute
In Masices.

The palpi in the latter genus are not nearly so prominently porrect, the terminal
joint being small and showing much as in Kantis busirus; the club of the antenne is
more elongated. The neuration is practically the same as in Doberes mexicanus, but
the radial of the secondaries is hardly visible, and the lower discocellular is straighter.

1. Masices anticus. (Tab. LXXXVII. figg. 12, 13, 14 ¢.)
Achlyodes anticus, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 16 (1884) *.

Alis brunneis; anticis linea ab apice ad marginem internum bisectis, macula ad apicem in costa alteraque
duplici in cellula nigricanti-brunneis, linea submarginali maculosa pallide brunnea; posticis margine
externo, basi et lineis duabus transversis nigricanti-brunneis: subtus pallidiore brunneis ; anticis area
apicali linea maculosa nigricante ab apice bisecta; posticis saturate brunneo nebulosis; palpis et corpore

toto saturate brunneis immaculatis.

Hab, Mexico}, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Coatepec (W. Schaus).

A large handsome species, somewhat resembling Hantis busirus in general coloration,
but differing materially in the shape of the wings and other structural characters, in
which it approaches more closely to Doberes mexicanus.

The specimen described by Plotz appears to have been one of the forms found in
Eastern Vera Cruz, in which the underside of the wings is nearly uniform. In Western
Mexico and throughout Central America all the specimens we have examined have
the apex of the primaries beneath of a rich tawny yellow, and seem separable from the
darker insect. We describe them below as Masices sobrinus.

The male genitalia of M. anticus have the tegumen ending in a single blunt depressed
point, at the base of the terminal piece, on either side, is a small lobe; the scaphium is
well developed and granular along its lower surface: the harpes are divided towards
the end—the upper portion carries a large erect lobe, which curves outwards and has a
strongly serrate upper edge; the lower portion ends in a slightly upturned point, also
serrate at its extremity. (See Tab. LXX XVII. fig. 14.)

2. Masices sobrinus, sp. n.
M. antico similis et affinis, sed anticis subtus ad apicem lete fulvis, linea nigra ab apice bisectis, distinguendus.
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (ZZ. H. Smith); GuatemMaua, Volcan de Santa
Maria (W. B. Richardson), Cerro Zunil, San Gerénimo ( Champion); Costa Rica,
Caché (Rogers).

MASICES.—ANTIGONUS. 409

This species is closely allied to M. anticus, and perhaps hardly separable. ‘The
difference in the colour of the apex of the primaries beneath is, however, well defined,
and seems associated with definite districts, and thus a separate name is justifed.

Mr. Smith obtained us a good series of specimens from the Mexican State of Guerrero
in the west, and we have several others from various parts of Central America. The
female is a large insect, one of the largest of the American Hesperiide.

ANTIGONUS.

Antigonus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 108 (1816); Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 57.
Chetoneura, Feld. Wien. ent. Monatschr. vi. p. 185 (1862).

Antigonus is restricted by Mr. Watson to two species—A. nearchus, the type, and
A, erosus,—the only ones known to him. As these two insects differ in several points,
and as the latter is representative of a group of species having characters in common,
we now restrict the name Antigonus to A. nearchus alone, and assign A. erosus to
Mr. Edwards’s genus Systasea.

The antenne of A. nearchus are peculiar in being abruptly bent backwards near the
tip, the recurved point even crossing the club; the primaries are pointed, the outer
margin slightly convex nearly to the anal angle, where there is a small rounded lobe;
the costa has a small but obvious fold; the third median segment is short; the lower
and middle discocellulars subequal, in a line, and slightly oblique; the secondaries
have a prominent tooth near the apical angle; the third median segment is very short,
the second subcostal segment not more than twice as long; the discocellulars and radial
are very obscure ; the terminal joint of the palpi is very short; the hind tibie have two
pairs of spurs and a tuft at the proximal end.

The single species of the genus ranges nearly throughout the Neotropical region,

1. Antigonus nearchus. (Tab. LXX XVII. fig. 15.)

Hesperia nearchus, Latr. in Humb. & Bonpl. Obs. Zool. ii. p. 135, t. 48. ff. 3, 4°; Enc. Méth. ix.
p- 791’.

Antigonus nearchus, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 370°; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 57%.

Antigonus ustus, Geyer in Hibn. Zutr. ex. Schm. iv. p. 28, ff. 719, 7207”.

Achlyodes pausus, Westw. in Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. t. 80. f. 6°.

Chetoneura hippalus, Feld. Wien. ent. Monatschr. vi. p. 186’.

Chatoneura sataspes, Feld. ibid. p. 186°.

Alis saturate fuscis; anticis linea submarginali, macula ad medium marginis externi, angulo anali, macula a
medio cellule ad margine interno (introrsam squamis albidis trimaculata) aliisque maculis ad costam
nigricanti-fuscis ; posticis margine externo lineisque discalibus undulatis angustis nigricanti-fuscis :
subtus ferrugineo-fuscis, anticis lineis angustis nigricantibus transversis; posticis bitriente interna
ochracescente, lineis undulatis fuscis notata; palpis subtus albis, segmento terminali nigricanti-fusco ;
thorace et abdomine infra albis; pedibus ochraceis, penicillo tibiali posticarum ochraceo.

@ alis omnino pallidioribus et grisescentioribus, maculis et lineis omnibus magis obviis: subtus quoque multo

pallidioribus.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1895. 3G

410 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Muxtco (Sallé), La Venta, Rio Papagaio, Acaguizotla (H. H. Smith), Atoyac
(II. H. Smith, Schumann), San Lorenzo (Trujillo), Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); Guatemaua, Volcan de Santa
Maria (W. B. Richardson), San José de Guatemala, San Geronimo, Polochic Valley,
Choctum (F. D. G. & O. 8.), Panima (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. WM.
Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten *); Panama, Bugaba
(Champion), Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill (‘Leannan).—SovutH AMERICA, from
Colombia! to South Brazil.

Antigonus nearchus is one of the commonest of the South-American Hesperiide, and
has a wide range, extending from Southern Mexico to South Brazil and in altitude
from the sea-level toa height of 3000 or 4000 feet in the mountains. It is an insect
of the clearings and open glades of the forest rather than the denser growth of trees.
It also frequents thinly-wooded plains. The females differ to some extent in colour,
some being much paler than others.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in two points separated by a slight
depression: the harpes have a lobe starting from the middle of the dorsal edge and
ending in two prominent horn-like claws; the end of each harpe is rounded and slightly
depressed ; from the inner side of the middle of the ventral edge a long rod proceeds,
which is directed forwards and slightly upwards, and reaches nearly to the end of the
harpes. (See Tab. LXX XVII. fig. 15.)

SYSTASEA.

Linineria, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vi. pp. 57, 67 (March 1877) (nec Butler, Trans.
Zool. Soc. 1x. p. 620, Heterocera, 1 February, 1877).

Systasea (Butl. in litt.), W. H. Edwards, Canad. Ent. ix. p. 120 (June 1877).

Antigonus (partim), Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 57.

This genus resembles Antigonus in having a projection or tooth at the apical angle of
the secondaries, but it is more truncate and not acute ; the neuration of the wings and
the structure of the hind legs are similar. The antenne, however, are not abruptly
bent back near the point, but are evenly curved as in Anastrus &c. The palpi have
a more prominent terminal joint, and the primaries are more truncate at the apex.
Besides S. pulverulenta (Feld.) (=S. zampa, W. H. Edw.) the type of the genus,
and the species mentioned below, Antigonus eaxcisus, Mab., A. incisus, Mab., and
A. variegatus, Mab., all belong here.

The range of Systasea extends over the greater part of the Neotropical region, from
Southern Arizona to South Brazil and Paraguay.

SYSTASEA. 41]

1. Systasea erosa, (Tab. LXXXVII. fig. 16.)

Urbanus vetus erosus, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schm. i. t. 1537.
Antigonus erosus, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 58°.

Alis fuscis, griseo lannginosis ; anticis indistincte maculatis, punctis duabus aut tribus subapicalibus semi-
hyalinis; posticis margine externo tantum anguste fusco: subtus ferrugineis, lineis angustis nigris
undique irregulariter transfasciatis ; anticis maculis subquadratis duabus infra ramum medianum primum
lilacino-griseis ; palpis subtus albicantibus ; pedibus ferrugineis.

2 alis multo pallidioribus, undique nigro transfasciatis et maculatis ; anticis punctis quatuor subapicalibus
duobus in cellula et maculis duabus ultra eam, una rami mediani secundi, utrinque semihyalinis.

fab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (forrer), Jalisco (Schumann), Rincon, Rio
Papagaio, La Venta, Tierra Colorada, Acaguizotla, Dos Arroyos, Acapulco (H. H.
Smith), Jalapa(W. Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Vera
Cruz (F. D. G.), Teapa (H. H. Smith), Tabi (F. D. G.), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) :
British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); Guaremana, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Rich-
ardson), Pacific coast, Chixoy and Polochic Valleys, Choctum, San Gerénimo (CE. D. G.
& O. S.), Zapote, Cubulco, Panima, Chiacam, Chacoj, Tocoy (Champion); Honpuras,
San Pedro (G. UW. Whitely); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (W. B. Richardson), Chontales
(Belt); Panama, David, Taboga I. (Champion).—Sovuru America, from Colombia to
Paraguay.

A very common species throughout Tropical America, occurring in Western Mexico
as far north as Mazatlan and in the State of Vera Cruz and thence southwards to
Paraguay, its range in altitude extending from the sea-level to a height of 3000 or
4000 feet in the mountains.

The number of subapical transparent spots in the males of this species varies
from two to four, and in some cases they are altogether wanting. ‘The colour of
the females, too, varies, some being darker and greyer, others more rufescent and
paler.

The male genitalia have a forked tegumen and well-developed scaphium; the harpes
(like those of Antigonus nearchus) have a horned lobe arising from the dorsal edge,
but instead of the horns being equal there is a long one and a very short one from
the base of the lobe; there is also a long flat lobe from the inner surface of the
ventral edge—it is not straight, but bent inwards, and has a finely serrate edge. (See
Tab. LXXXVII. fig. 16.)

2. Systasea funebris. (Tab. LXXXVII. figg. 17, 18, 19.)
Leucochitonea funebris, R. Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 480 *.

Alis fuscis, fascia communi mediana purpureo tincta, introrsum fascia altera obscura limbata, extrorsum quoque
irregulariter marginata, in anticis margine hoc maculas quatuor ad costam et duas discales semihya-
linas continente, fascia indistincta lata submarginali; posticis fascia lanuginosa pallida submarginali
et altera ultra eam angusta ejusdem coloris: subtus ochraceo-fuscis, lineis angustis fuscis indistincte
fasciatis ; palpis sordide albidis, segmento ultimo nigro.

@ adhuc ignota.

412 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico, Acaguizotla, Rincon, Rio Papagaio, La Venta, Tierra Colorada, Dos
Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote (H. H. Smith), Cuernavaca (mus. Felder 1, H. H. Smith).

This species, of which we have a good series of male specimens from Western
Mexico captured by Mr. Herbert Smith, may readily be distinguished from S. erosa
by the much more conspicuous bands on the upper surface of the wings; on the
primaries beneath there are no lilac spots below the first median branch. In the
outline of the wings the two species are much alike, but S. funedris has the tooth at
the apical angle of the wings not quite so prominent.

The primaries have a costal fold as in S. erosa, but the male genitalia are almost
exactly like those of S. corrosa, which, again, has no costal fold.

Felder’s type came from Cuernavaca!, whence Mr. Smith sent us a specimen.

The male genitalia have a forked tegumen; each branch is humped on the dorsal
edge, and ends in an abrupt hook; the harpes have a deep fissure on the dorsal
edge, from the bottom of which a rod proceeds, which is first projected back and
then turns abruptly and is carried beyond the rounded end of the harpe. (See
Tab. LXX XVII. fig. 19.) |

8, Systasea corrosa. (Tab. LXX XVII. figg. 20, 21.)
Antigonus corrosus, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 198 (1878) ’.

Alis fuscis, purpureo tinctis; anticis fascia obliqua per cellulam nigra, macula costali quoque nigra, et ultra eam
punctis tribus semihyalinis, punctis alteris duobus discalibus ejusdem coloris; posticis maculis duabus
basalibus et altera subcostali nigris, linea angusta undulata discali nigra extrorsum pallide fusco limbata:
subtus ferrugineo-fuscis, fusco fasciatis et maculatis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Panima, Duefias (Champion) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ; Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui,
Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Ridbe).—Gutana },

M. Mabille’s type of this species came from Cayenne, but we have no specimens
from that country. Our series is named from an example from Chiriqui lent us by
Dr. Staudinger, determined by M. Mabille to be his Antigonus corrosus.

The species is very like S. funebris, but has the dark band of the primaries very
distinct, while those of the secondaries are abbreviated and do not cross the wing.
The primaries of the male have no costal fold, so that the two species are readily
distinguished.

The range of S. corrosa is much more extended than that of J. funebris. Com-
mencing in Eastern Mexico, in the State of Vera Cruz, it is found throughout Central
America as far as Panama, and also in South America.

The male genitalia are almost exactly like those of S. funedris.

SYSTASEA.—DLAUS. 413

4. Systasea emorsa. (Tab. LXXXVII. figg. 22, 23.)
Leucochitonea emorsa, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 479°.
Ephyriades emorsa, Plitz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p- 3 (1884) ”.

Alis albidis ; anticis basi, apice et margine externo late fuscis cano atomatis et fusco indistincte notatis, area
mediana lineis angustis irregularibus transfasciata, maculis tribus subapicalibus, tribus ad medium coste,
una cellulari et duabus ultra eam semihyalinis; posticis basi et margine externo fuscis, hujus dimidio
anali cano atomato, area mediana transversim lineata: subtus albis extrorsum ochraceo tinctis, lineis
- transversis indistinctis ; posticis macula conspicua rotunda anali nigra; palpis subtus albis.

Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Cuernavaca (mus.
Felder '), Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith).

Mr. Buchan-Hepburn obtained several specimens of this species in Chihuahua, all
of them in poor condition; but a single male captured by Mr. Smith at Chilpancingo
in August is uninjured. The latter agrees with Felder’s description of the type in his
collection, which came from Cuernavaca in Morelos}, the bordering State to Guerrero.

5. Systasea pulverulenta. (Tab. LXXXVII. figg. 24, 25.)
Leucochitonea pulverulenta, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 478".
Hesperia zampa, W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. v. p. 207 (April 1876) ?.
Linineria zampa, W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vi. pp. 57, 67°.

Systasea zampa, W. H. Edw. List Diurn. Lep. N. Am. no. 579 (1884) +.

Alis rufescenti-brunneis, stria anteciliari albida, ciliis canis fusco interruptis ; anticis basi, plaga ultra cellulam,
apice et margine externo fusco nebulosis, macula duplici infra ramum medianum ad basin, fascia trans-
versa irregulari per cellulam extrorsum indentata et punctis tribus ad apicem hyalinis; posticis fusco
nebulosis, linea albida discali squamis fuscis subobscurata: subtus albicantibus, triente distali ochracea,
bitriente basali fusco irregulariter nebulosa; palpis (articulo terminali nigro excepto) et corpore toto
subtus albis, penicillo tibiali fulvo.

Hab. NortH America, Arizona (H. W. Henshaw?).—Muxico, near Durango city
(Becker), Venta de Zopilote (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (Hedemann}, H. J. Elwes),
Rinconada (W. Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gauwmer); GuateMaLa, Duefias, San Gerénimo (Champion).

This species, though very differently coloured to S. erosa and S. funebris, seems
strictly congeneric, and, like them, has a costal fold to the primaries.

Mr. Smith and Mr. Schaus captured several specimens of this species in Vera Cruz,
and these agree with Felder’s description, and also with an Arizona specimen sent us
by Morrison with the name H. zampa attached to it.

DLAUS, gen. nov.

A genus containing two or three small species, the affinities of which are rather
obscure, but which may for the present be placed here. |

The antenne are much as in the neighbouring genera: the terminal joint of the
palpi is rather prominent and porrect, more so than in Onenses, which follows; and the

414 . RHOPALOCERA.

clothing of the middle joint is more open and not so closely set. The primaries have
no costal fold; the third median segment is very short; the lower and middle disco-
cellulars subequal, the upper discocellular distinct; the third median and the second
subcostal segments are subequal and short; the discocellulars and radial are feeble
but distinct; the hind tibia have two pairs of spurs and a distinct tuft at the
proximal end.

Two closely-allied species are all that we can at present refer to this genus: of these,
the range of D. lacena is given below; the other is Ephyriades variegata of Plétz, an
insect of Southern and Eastern Brazil.

1, Dizeus lacena, (Tab. LXXXVIL. fig. 26.)
Leucochitonea lacena, Hew. Ex. Butt., Leucochitonea, f. 3°.

Ephyriades lacena, Plétz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 3 (1884) °.

Alis anticis ad basin ferrugineis, area mediana albida, maculis hyalinis nigro cinctis, duabus ad costam, una
magna cellulari, duabus infra venam medianam bene separatis et duabus infra ramum medianum primum,
area apicali fusco-nigricantibus, squamis canis irregulariter notatis, punctis quatuor subapicalibus in linea
irregulari duobus majoribus ad costam et puncto parvo discali hyalinis; posticis ad basin fusco-nigri-
cantibus, bitriente distali albicante ad marginem internum et ad angulum analem fusco variegatis maculis
octo hyalinis, ea in cellula subquadrata et maxima, stria anteciliari fusca, ciliis albis fusco interruptis :
subtus multo albicantioribus; anticis ad apicem tantum fuscis ochraceo atomatis; posticis ad angulum
analem fusco variegatis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann); Costa Rica, San Franciso, Caché
(Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).—Brauiu! 2

Hewitson’s figure agrees with the Central-American form of this species rather than
with the Brazilian, to which Plétz’s name, Ephyriades variegata, is applicable. It is
thus more than probable that Hewitson’s specimen was wrongly ascribed to Brazil.

In Costa Rica and Chiriqui D. lacena appears to be a common species, as we have
many specimens from those countries. We have also a few from the Mexican State of
Vera Cruz, but none from the intervening country.

D. lacena differs from D. variegatus in having a much wider and whiter area in the
middle of the primaries; the secondaries, too, are much whiter over the costal and
apical areas.

The male genitalia have the tegumen with a single blunt point; the harpes are
deeply cleft in the middle, and from the bottom of the fissure a ribbon-like lobe pro-
ceeds, and is curved upwards and then inwards. (See Tab. LXXXVII. fig. 26.)

ONENSES, gen. nov.

The remarkable species described by Felder as Leucochitonea hyalophora requires a
separate genus for its reception. The outer margin of both wings is very uneven; the
primaries have a distinct projection at the end of the second median branch and smaller
ones at the ends of the upper radial and submedian, the latter forming a prominence at

ONENSES.—GINDANES. 415

the anal angle ; the third median segment is very short, the lower discocellular consi-
derably longer than the middle, the upper discocellular being quite distinct; there is
no costal fold; the second median branch and the subcostal branch of the secondaries
both carry projections on the outer margin; the cell is long and wide; the third
median segment short; the discocellulars and radial distinct, the former placed at an
obtuse angle to one another and not ina line. The antenne have a regularly bent,
long, terminal hook; the terminal joint of the palpi is short, and does not project
much beyond the rather closely-set scales of the second joint; the hind tibie have two
pairs of spurs and a tuft at the proximal end.

1. Onenses hyalophora, (Tab. LXXXVIL. fige. 27, 28, 29.)
Leucochitonea hyalophora, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 477°.
Ephyriades hyalophora, Plitz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 2 (1884) *.

Alis griseo-albidis ad basin nigro variis ; anticis puncto ad cellule basin, plaga magna transversa per cellulam
(marginibus suis valde irregularibus), altera subapicali trigona venis albidis quinque partita hyalinis, area
ad cellule finem fulvescente, area marginali fusco atomosa ; posticis puncto ad cellule basin et medialiter
hyalinis, fascia (in disco refracta) fulva, fascia submarginali pallide fusca: subtus omnino pallidioribus ;
anticis ochraceo tinctis, margine interno albo 3 palpis subtus (preter apices) et corpore albis.

_ Hab. Mzxico, Jalapa(W. Schaus), Orizaba, Potrero (Hedemann}), Atoyac (Hedemann},
H. H. Smith, Schumann), Oaxaca (Fenochio); Guatemaua, Polochic and Chixoy Valleys
(fF. D. G. & O.S.), Panima (Champion).

The types of this species described by Rudolph Felder were obtained by Hedemann
at Atoyac and Potrero in Vera Cruz!; we have since received several specimens from
the former place, taken by Mr. H. H. Smith in April and May. Some years previously
our collectors in Guatemala sent us a few examples both from the valley of the
Polochic and the banks of the Chixoy below Cubulco, and Mr. Champion captured a
single specimen in the hot valley of Panima near a stream. South of Guatemala it
has not been noticed.

The male genitalia have a divided tegumen, each branch ending in a short hook ;
the scaphium is well developed, but not prominent; the harpes end in a strong,
slightly recurved arm, with two teeth at the point, from the dorsal edge arises an erect
club-like lobe, and there is a depressed lobe on the lower corner of the inner surface at
the base. (See Tab. LXXXVII. fig. 29.)

GINDANES, gen. nov.

The members of this genus have a great general resemblance to sume of Pythonides,
especially those allied to P. dugubris (antea, p. 361), but there are structural differences
which make it necessary to separate them generically. The antenna have a longer
terminal hook, the last joint of the palpi is shorter and less prominent, the hind tibie
have a distinct tuft of hairs, besides other differences.

The primaries are truncate; the cell rather wide; the third median branch short ;

416 RHOPALOCERA.

the lower and middle discocellulars subequal; the upper discocellular distinct and
comparatively long. ‘The third median segment of the secondaries is short, about a
fourth the length of the second subcostal segment; the discocellulars and radial are
distinct but feeble. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs and a long tuft.

Hesperia brebisson, Latr. (Achlyodes brebissonii, Kirby), of which Pterygospidia
phagesia, Hew., is a synonym, belongs to this genus.

1. Gindanes panetius, sp.n. (Tab. LXX XVII. figg. 30, 31.)

Alis pallide brunneis; anticis macula magna mediana nigricanti-brunnea, extrorsum maculis octo aut novem
semihyalinis notata, punctis tribus subapicalibus semihyalinis et infra eos plaga nigricanti-brunnea, altera
ejusdem coloris ad angulum analem introrsum atomis glaucescentibus marginata; posticis macula magna
ad angulum apicalem et duabus ad costam nigricanti-brunneis, illa introrsum glauco-marginata, maculis
alteris discalibus plerumque glaucescentibus, area ad marginem externum glauscescenti-alba : subtus anticis
fuscis, maculis semihyalinis ut in pagina superiore; posticis ochraceis ad marginem internum glaucescen-
tibus, maculis discalibus et margine externo fuscis; palpis et corpore subtus albicantibus.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger),

Bugaba (Champion). ;

This species is closely allied to G. brebissoné (Latr.), and has similar markings on the
upperside of the wings, but may readily be distinguished by the underside of the
secondaries being ochraceous instead of blue, as in the allied form. G. panetius
has not yet been found outside the limits of Central America, where it occurs from
Nicaragua to the State of Panama. G. bredissoni has a wide range in the Amazons
Valley.

The male genitalia have a short tegumen with a truncate end, which is curved
downwards; the scaphium is well developed and straight; the harpes are simple
lobes rounded at the ends and serrate, on the dorsal edge is a slight hump.

2. Gindanes brontinus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVII. figg. 32, 83, 34.)

Precedenti similis; anticis medialiter fere immaculatis, margine externo late nigricanti-brunneo et introrsum
lineis transversis semihyalinis limbato, macula subapicali unica subquadrata ad costam semihyalina ;
posticis area marginali vix glaucescente atomata: subtus fuscis fere unicoloribus, margine externo anti-

carum et angulo apicali posticarum vix obscurioribus, his punctis fuscis notatis ;
albicantibus.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt).

palpis et corpore subtus

We have four specimens of this species, all from Belt’s collection, which also con-
tained an example of G. panetius, so that both species are found together in Nicaragua.
They may readily be distinguished from one another not only by the position of the
dark marks of the primaries, but also by the secondaries bein
ochraceous in G. panetius, and blue in G. brebissoni.

The male genitalia are like those of G. panetius, except that the tegumen is a little
longer, and the upper edge of the dorsal hump of the harpes
short lobe. (See Tab. LXX XVII. fig. 34.)

g dusky in G. brontinus,

is produced forwards as a

TIMOCHARES, A417

TIMOCHARES, gen. nov.

This and the following genera differ rather widely from those immediately preceding,
and have a more general resemblance to Anastrus and its allies. The chief difference
is the long porrect terminal joint of the palpi (most pronounced in Anisochoria) in
Timochares and its allies as compared with the shorter joint in Anastrus and the genera
associated with it.

Timochares trifasciatus differs from Ebrietas in having a much longer costal fold to
the primaries of the male, the tip of this fold reaching to the end of the second subcostal
branch, the cell is long and narrow, the lower and middle discocellulars oblique and in
a line, the third median segment short, the second long and slightly arched. The disco-
cellulars and radial of the secondaries are feeble, the third median segment very short ;
the second subcostal segment much longer. The palpi have a prominent porrect
terminal joint, the hairy clothing of the second joint being also lengthened. The hind
tibie have a distinct tuft at the proximal end.

Two species are all that we can at present refer to this genus, both of them occurring
within our limits. Of these 7. trifasciatus has a wide range over nearly the whole of
Tropical America; the other, 7. ruptifascitus, seems restricted to Mexico.

1. Timochares trifasciatus. (Tab. LXXXVIII. fig. 3.)
Leucochitonea trifasciata, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 50 (1868) *.
Antigonus trifasciatus, Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 27 (1884) ?.
Nisoniades hemula, Herr.-Sch. in Mus. Kaden (descr. nulla) *.

Alis rufescenti-brunneis ; anticis indistincte fulvo atomatis, fasciis duabus obliquis, margine externo plus minusve
parallelis, obscure fuscis introrsum fulvo limbatis, una basali per cellulam, altera discali, fascia tertia sub-
marginali maculosa; posticis saturate fulvis fusco trifasciatis: subtus fulvis, fasciis pagine superioris
fuscis indistincte notatis ; palpis subtus albis, squamis fuscis interspersis, apice saturate fuscis; plica
costali elongata ad finem rami subcostalis secundi extendente.

Hab. Muxico, San Blas, Sierra de Tepic (JV. B. Richardson), Dos Arroyos, Acapulco,
Atoyac (1. H. Smith); Guatemata, Polochic and Chisoy Valleys (f. D. G. & O. S.);
Howporas (Dyson); Nicaragua (fide Plotz*); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama,
Calobre (Arcé).—Sovutn America, from Colombia to Argentina.

The origin of Hewitson’s type of this species was not stated !, but we now know that
T. trifasciatus has a very wide range over nearly the whole of Tropical America,
extending as far north as the State of Jalisco in Western Mexico and southwards to the
Argentine Republic. We possess specimens from Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, the
Amazons Valley, Eastern Peru, Matto Grosso in Brazil (where Mr. H. H. Smith
obtained several specimens), and Eastern Brazil (where Beseke found it, and one of
whose examples, formerly in the Kaden collection, bears the MS. name of ‘ Misoniades

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IT., J/arch 1896. 3H

418 RHOPALOCERA.

hemula” *), The most southern example we have was taken by the late E, W. White in
the Sierra de Tortoral in the Argentine Republic.

In Mexico and Central America 7’. trifasciatus is found from the sea-level to a height
of about 4000 feet in the mountains, and is a fairly common insect in the lowlands.

There is a pale and a dark form of this species, flying together at the same time of
year in tolerably equal numbers. Hewitson described one of the former; we now
figure a male of the latter.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a wide transverse edge with a slight
projection at each extremity; the scaphium is well developed and granular on the
under surface towards the end: the harpes are asymmetrical ; the right side projects on
the ventral edge, which is serrate, and ends in an upturned lobe somewhat indefinitely,
the dorsal edge undulates irregularly ; the left side has an even ventral edge without
serrations, from the base of the ventral edge a well-defined slightly spatulate lobe
extends directly forwards. (See Tab. LXX XVIII. fig. 3.)

2. Timochares ruptifasciatus. (Tab. LXX XVIII. figg. 1, 2¢.)
Antigonus ruptifasciata, Plétz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 27 (1884) ’.

T. trifasccato persimilis, sed anticis fasciis omnibus maculosis nec lineatis haud difficile distinguendus.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

This apparently distinct species was described by Plotz from a specimen said to have
come from South America’. We only know it from the Mexican State of Vera Cruz,
whence we have received several specimens.

The distinct oblique bands of the primaries of 7. trifasciatus are in this species
replaced by indistinct and rather irregular macular bands. In other respects the two
forms do not appear to differ.

EBRIETAS, gen. nov.

In this genus the costal fold of the primaries of the male is much smaller than in
Timochares, and does not extend so far as the end of the costal nervure; the disco-
cellulars are more transverse, and the third median segment of the secondaries consi-
derably longer, though shorter than the second subcostal segment. The hind tibie
have a tuft and two pairs of spurs.

Of the species mentioned below Ebrietas osyris may be considered typical; EF. anacreon
and . ecliptica agree in having the primaries rather less pointed; £.(?) impressa is
aberrant, as the costal fold is not apparent and the wings are more rounded.

The genus, as a whole, ranges from the Mexican State of Vera Cruz to Southern
Brazil; the South-American thilla infanda, Butl., belongs to it, and we have others
unnamed in our collection.

EBRIETAS. 419

1. Ebrietas osyris. (Tab. LXXXVIIL. fig. 4.)
Achlyodes osyris, Staud. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 1141+; Ex. Schm. p. 302, t. 1002.
Antigonus osyris, Plétz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 23 (1884) °.

Alis piceo-nigris ; anticis preecipue ad costam et ad marginem externum saturate lavandulo variegatis ; posticis
macula ejusdem coloris ad angulum analem: subtus piceo-fuscis ; posticis dimidio anali fulvis, fusco
bifasciatis ; palpis et corpore subtus alis subtus concoloribus; anticis plica costali parva, tibiis cirratis et
bis bicalcaratis.

Q nobis adhuc ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Panima (Champion), Polochic
Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (W. B. Richardson); Costa Rica,
Caché (Rogers), Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde 1), Veraguas
(Arcé).—Cotomsia; AMAzons.

Dr. Staudinger described this species from specimens sent him by Herr Ribbe, and
afterwards figured it in his work on Exotic Butterflies2. Several years previously we
captured some examples in Guatemala, and more recently we have received others
from as far north as Teapa in the Mexican province of Tabasco, and also from places in
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and from the mainland of South America, where it
occurs in the Amazons Valley. The latter differ slightly from the typical form in
having the fulvous area of the secondaries beneath of a rather duller darker colour.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a blunt depressed central hook, on
either side of which is a point directed forwards; at the base of these projections in
the middle line is a rounded lobe; the scaphium is well developed and granular on the
under surface on either side towards the end; the harpes are symmetrical and end in
a well-defined lobe, which is serrate along its dorsal edge as far as a distinct tooth
situated about the middle, and beyond which on the proximal side the dorsal edge is
smooth. (See Tab. LXX XVIII. fig. 4.)

2. Ebrietas anacreon. (Tab. LXXXVIII. figg. 5, 6, 74.)
Achlyodes (Helias ?) anacreon, Staud. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 115°.
Antigonus anacreon, Plétz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 27 (1884) ”.

Alis piceo-nigris ; anticis undique saturate lavandulo variegatis, macula magna ovali nigra ad angulum analem ;
posticis fasciis latis tribus ejusdem coloris, una basali, una per cellulam, tertia submarginali: subtus pallidi-
oribus, anticis fere immaculatis, macula ad angulum analem sicut in pagina superiore ; posticis trifasciatis ;
palpis saturate griseis, tibiis cirratis et bis bicalcaratis ; plica costali parva.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra de Tepic (W. B. Richardson), Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),
Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Valladolid in Yucatan
(G. F. Gaumer); Guatemata, Yzabal and Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Panima,
San Gerénimo, Zapote (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Costa
Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (Ride), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Veraguas

3H 2

420 RHOPALOCERA.

(Arcé), Line of Railway (Ridbe !)—Soura America, from Colombia to Guiana and South
Brazil}.

Of this species we have a large series of specimens from nearly all the localities
cited above, including a number from Atoyac in Vera Cruz, where Mr. Herbert Smith
found it in profusion in the month of April. It is also not uncommon in Guatemala
on both sides of the Cordillera up to an elevation of about 3000 feet.

The male genitalia have a tegumen like those of E. osyris, viz. a blunt depressed
central hook with a point directed forwards on either side: the harpes are not quite
symmetrical; the right side has a short terminal lobe pointed at its upper corner and
serrate along the outer edge, there isa short lobe on the ventral edge near the end ; the
left side has a much narrower terminal lobe, which is also serrate, and the serrations
continue to and surround another lobe on the dorsal edge, on the proximal side of
which is a third directed inwards; on the inner surface of this harpe near the base is a
rounded lobe arising from the ventral edge and carrying a small lobe about the middle.

(See Tab. LX XXVIII. fig. 7.)

3. Kbrietas ecliptica. (Tab. LXXXVIII. figg. 8, 9, 10¢.)
Achlyodes echiptica, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 154°.
A, anacreonti persimilis, area interna anticarum fere immaculata, tibiis posticis maris haud cirratis.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Panima (Champion), Choctum,
Motagua Valley (/. DG. & O. S.); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Santa Clara Valley
(Zurcher); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribde, Arcé), Bugaba (Areé).—Amazons VALLey }. |

This species is exceedingly like #. anacreon, and can only be distinguished by close
inspection. On the surface of the wings the inner area of the primaries is nearly
uniform, and shows little of the dark lavender markings of E. anacreon. The male
can always be distinguished by the absence of the tibial tuft which is present in both
the foregoing species. There is also a difference in the male genitalia, as described
below.

Ei. ecliptica is by no means a common species, though widely distributed from
Southern Mexico to the Amazons Valley. It was described by Dr. Butler! from speci-
mens collected by Mr. Trail on the Rio Tapajos and the Rio Purus, considerable affluents
of the Amazons from the south. We also have a specimen from the Amazons Valley.

Central-American specimens have long been in our possession, and these have
been supplemented from time to time by others from various parts of our region. Its
range in altitude extends to about 3000 feet.

The male genitalia have a tegumen like that of E. anacreon: the harpes are nearly:
symmetrical; the right side ends in a narrow round-ended lobe, serrate at the extremity
of the upper edge, on which is a prominent tooth; the left side has the terminal lobe
still narrower, but instead of a single tooth on the ventral edge there is a strongly

EBRIETAS.—CAMPTOPLEURA. 42]

serrated projection, which extends inwards as a smooth lobe. (See Tab. LKX XVIII.
fig. 10.)

4. Ebrietas(?) impressa. (Tab. LXXXVIII. figg. 11, 12 ¢.)
Achlyodes impressus, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 67, f. 2 (1889) *.

Alis nigricantibus, vix violaceo tinctis; anticis ad basin et ad angulum apicalem pallidioribus, medialiter satu-
ratioribus ; posticis fere unicoloribus: subtus pallidiore brunnescentioribus ; palpis subtus grisescentibus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Bugaba (Chanvpion).

We have only seen two specimens of this species, one of them, Mons. Mabille’s type,
kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger.

The describer placed it in the genus Achlyodes, but it differs in having a tuft to the
hind tibie of the male, absent in Achlyodes, and in the thicker, longer, terminal joint
to the palpi. ‘The last character induces us to place the species temporarily here, but
it is not its final position.

CAMPTOPLEURA.
Camptopleura, Mabille, Pet. Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 166 (1877) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 55.

This is a fairly well-marked genus, distinguished by its short, rounded, hollow wings.
The neuration of the wings is much as in the last genus, the discocellulars being
transverse in the primaries, the third median segment very short, hardly longer than the
lower discocellular: the costal fold is very distinct but short, reaching to the end of
the costal nervure; at its termination the outline of the costa is angular. The third
median segment of the secondaries is very short and the radial very feeble. The hind
tibie have the proximal tuft and two pairs of spurs.

Camptopleura spreads from Southern Mexico to Southern Brazil, both C. theramenes
and C. thrasybulus having this wide range. Three species occur within our limits—
the two just mentioned and a third described below from Costa Rica, Panama, and the
Amazons Valley.

1. Camptopleura theramenes. (Tab. LXXXVIII. figg. 13, 14, 15 ¢.)
Camptopleura theramenes, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. it. p. 166 (1877) *; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 552.

Alis saturate brunneis, undique (preter margines externos) obscure hyacinthino variegatis: subtus fusco-
brunneis fere unicoloribus, anticis ad marginem internum pallidioribus ; palpis fuscis, pilis pallidis inter-
mixtis; tibiis posticis cirratis et bis bicalcaratis.

@ mari similis sed major, anticis plaga costali nulla neque tibiis posticis cirratis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Sinith, Schumann); Guatemata, San

Gerdnimo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—

CoLOMBIA; AMAZONS VALLEY; SouTH BRAZIL.

Camptopleura theramenes was described by M. Mabille from a specimen of unknown

422 RHOPALOCERA.

origin, and was made the type of the genus Camptopleura. Though nowhere common
the species has a very extended range in Tropical America. The most northern
locality to which we have traced it is Atoyac, in the State of Vera Cruz, and from this
point southwards we have specimens from distant intervals through Central America,
also from Colombia, from several places in the valley of the Amazons, where Bates
found it, from Matto Grosso, from Minas Geraes and the province of Rio Janeiro.

We can trace no difference in specimens from these distant places, the species being
distinguished from the rest of its congeners by the peculiar brown colour of the wings
and their fine mottling on the upper surface.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in two depressed blunt hooks (not quite
symmetrical in the preparation), on each side of these is a point directed forwards: the
harpes are asymmetrical; the right side ends in a lobe, with an irregular dorsal edge,
finely serrate at the extremity; on the left side this lobe turns up at the end into a
blunt serrate point, on the proximal side of which the dorsal edge carries one large and
two small serrate teeth ; nearer the base is a small smooth lobe directed forwards, and
on the inner surface an irregular serrate lobe. (See Tab. LXX XVIII. fig. 15.)

2. Camptopleura thrasybulus.
Hesperia thrasybulus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iti. p. 846’.
Papito thrasybulus, Donov. Ins. Ind. t. 49. f. 4?.
Antigonus thrasybulus, Plétz, Jahrb. nass, Ver. xxxvii. p. 27°.
Camptopleura thrasybulus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 55+.

Alis piceo-nigris; anticis bitriente basali maculis ovalibus glauco-hyacinthinis, medialiter nigricantibus, ad
marginem externum lineis duabus serratis submarginalibus notatis; posticis ad basin et ad marginem
internum fasciis tribus interruptis glauco-hyacinthinis, una basali, altera per cellulam, tertia serrata discali :
subtus saturate brunneis hyacinthino suffusis: anticis ad costam et ad marginem externum variegatis ;
posticis irregulariter fasciatis ; anticis plica costali obvia; tibiis posticis cirratis ; palpis saturate fuscis,
pilis sparsis albidis intermixtis.

mari similis, maculis omnibus magis obviis, plica costali maris nulla neque cirro tibiali.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (W. B. Richardson), Acapulco, Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colo-
rada and Dos Arroyos in Guerrero, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith), Valladolid
in Yucatan (G. 7. Gaumer); Guatemata, Choctum (F. D. G. & 0. S.), San Gerdénimo
(Champion), Duefias(#. D.G. & O.S.); Hoypuras, San Pedro(G. MW. Whitely); Nicaraaua,
Chontales (Belt) ; Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché, Rio Sucio (Rogers); Panama, David (Cham-

pion), Chiriqui (2ibe)—CoLomBia; Guiana; AMAzONS VALLEY and SourHeRN Braziz.

This species is much more abundant than C. theramenes, though spread over nearly
the same extent of country. In the north it ranges over the lowlands of Western
Mexico as far as the State of Jalisco, and is also found in Yucatan, and in Guatemala
reaches to an elevation of 5000 feet above sea-level. In South America it occurs in
Colombia, in the Roraima Mountains of Guiana, in the Amazons Valley, where Bates
met with it at Para and elsewhere, in Matto Grosso, and in the province of Rio Janeiro.

CAMPTOPLEURA.—DIPHORIDAS. 423

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a short depressed hook, from the
base of which on either side a short pointed lobe arises directed forwards and upwards:
the harpes are asymmetrical; the right side ends abruptly, and carries a short, strong,
dentate process extending upwards ; on the proximal side of this, on the dorsal edge, is
an irregularly serrate lobe; the left side is considerably produced and rounded at the
end, near which on the dorsal edge are a few serrations and then after an interval a
series of strong recurved teeth.

3. Camptopleura tisias, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXVIIL. fig. 16 3.)

C. thrasybulo similis, sed maculis fere omnibus integris nec vacuis; anticis maculis magis linciformibus forsan
distinguenda.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Amazons VALLEY.

This Camptopleura seems distinct from C. thrasybulus, the markings of the wings
being more regularly linear and not so diffused as in that species; nearly all of them,
too, are uniform in colour and not in rings, as in the allied form. The few specimens
we possess were selected without much difficulty from a large series of C. thrasybulus.

DIPHORIDAS, gen. nov.

This genus, of which D. phalenoides (Hiibn.) may be considered the type, differs
from Camptoplewra in having rather longer primaries, the outer margin of which is
much rounded; there is no costal fold, the discocellulars are rather more oblique.
But the chief difference is in the palpi, the terminal joint of which is long, thick, and
drooping. The legs present no differences, the hind tibia being tufted and bear two
pairs of spurs.

The male genitalia have asymmetrical harpes, as is the case in Camptopleura and
Gorgythion, and to some extent in all these allied genera.

D. phalenoides and D. palpalis are the only members of the genus we have as yet
recognized. The former spreads over nearly the whole of Tropical America from
Southern Mexico to Paraguay, and the range of the latter is included in the southern

portion of this area.

1. Diphoridas phalenoides, (Tab. LXXXVIII. fig. 17 ¢.)

Urbanus vetus phalenoides, Hiibn. Samm]. ex. Schm. i. t. 152°.

Helias phalenoides, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 370°.

Achlyodes phalenoides, Plétz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 16°.

Alis piceo-nigris, griseo variegatis; anticis fascia transversa mediana nigricante macula costali ad apicem et
lineolis transversis discalibus irregularibus notatis, area ad angulum analem et dimidio distali marginis
interni nigricantibus; posticis fasciis irregularibus plus minusve margini externo parallelis, area ad
angulum apicalem nigricante: subtus fuscis, irregulariter saturatiore fusco transfasciatis; palpis omnino
saturate fuscis, tibiis posticis cirratis et bis bicalcaratis.

mari similis, sed paulo major et alis plerumque brunnescentioribus.

424 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mxxico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), San Lorenzo and Omealca near Cordova
(MM. Trujillo), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Choctum (F. D. G.& O.S.), Chiacam,
Panima, Zapote (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten),
Santa Clara Valley (Ziircher).—Soutu America, from Colombia to Guiana, the Amazons
Valley, Brazil, and Paraguay.

We have many specimens from Mexico and Guatemala of this common species,
agreeing with Hiibner’s figure in having the secondaries beneath dark to the outer
margin. The species spreads far beyond our region, having been found by Bates in
the Amazons Valley, by Whitely in British Guiana, and by Herbert Smith at Chapada
in Matto Grosso. We have also a specimen from Paraguay sent us by Mr. Perrens.

In altitude D. phalenoides reaches from near the sea-level to a height of upwards of
4000 feet in the mountains.

The male genitalia have a tegumen with a central depressed hook, at the base of
which, one on either side, are two divergent points: the harpes are not symmetrical ;
the right side ends in a short lobe rounded at its upper corner; the left side is much
more elongated and straighter, and the terminal portion finely serrate along the ventral
surface. (See Tab. LXXXVIITI. fig. 17.)

2. Diphoridas palpalis. (Tab. LXXXVIII. figg. 18,19 ¢.)
Hesperia palpalis, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 791°.

D, phalenoidi similis, sed posticis subtus dimidio anali albicantibus distinguendus.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Arcé).—SoutH AMERICA, Amazons
Valley and Brazil to Entre Rios.

Latreille’s description of this species is very meagre and hardly recognizable, but we
use the name in deference to a named specimen kindly lent us by M. Mabille.

D. palpatis only differs from D. phalenoides in having the secondaries nearly white
towards the anal angle beneath. Its range is included in that of its close ally, and
though extending quite as far south does not seem to penetrate into our country beyond
the State of Panama.

GORGYTHION, gen. nov.

Helias pyralina, Moschl., does not fit satisfactorily into any of the foregoing genera.
The palpi are prominent, much as in Camptopleura, but not nearly so long and drooping
as in Diphoridas, to which otherwise it has some general resemblance. ‘The outer
margin of the primaries is not so rounded, these wings being more pointed. There is
no costal fold.

Capt. Watson placed G. pyralina in his second section of Pythonides, in which the
hind tibie are said to have only the terminal pair of spurs. ‘This observation is not
borne out by our prepared specimens, as both pairs of spurs are distinctly visible.

GORGYTHION. 425

The distribution of Gorgythion, as in the previous genera, is very wide, one or other
of the species extending from North-western Mexico to Paraguay.

1. Gorgythion pyralina. (Tab. LKXXVIIL. figg. 20, 21, 22¢.)
Helias pyralina, Hopff.in Mus. Berol.'; Méschl. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 348, t. 4. f. 317.

Alis piceo-nigris, griseo-fusco variegatis ; anticis maculis basalibus, alteris medianis in linea irregulari trans-
versa positis, una subconspicua ad angulum analem, fusco-nigricantibus; punctis duobus ad angulum
apicalem semihyalinis ; posticis fasciis indistinctis maculosis fusco-nigris notatis: subtus fuscis; anticis
punctis semihyalinis duobus sicut in pagina superiore, maculis indistinctis costalibus albicantibus, area ad
marginem internum pallida; posticis griseo-fusco variegatis ; palpis fuscis, pilis griseis intermixtis ;
tibiis posticis cirratis et bis bicalearatis.

Q mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus et maculis omnibus magis obviis.

Hab. Muxico, Ventanas in Durango (Forrer), Jalapa (W. Schaus), Orizaba (H. J.
Elwes), Atoyac in Vera Cruz, Acapulco, Acaguizotla, Dos Arroyos, Tierra Colorada,
Rincon, Rio Papagaio, and La Venta, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in
Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer); Guatemata, San Geronimo, Duefas, Zapote (Champion) ;
Honpuras (Dyson) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché, Irazu (Rogers) ;
Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Soutn America generally, from Colombia to Guiana 2,
the Amazons Valley, and Southern Brazil.

A very common species throughout our region and in the hotter parts of Tropical
South America, occurring in abundance both in Western and Eastern Mexico. It is
also found from the sea-level to a height of at least 5000 feet in the mountains.

Moschler described this species in one of his papers on the Butterfly-fauna of
Surinam }, and we have several specimens from the adjoining country of British Guiana.
These latter differ in no way from our large series from Mexico and Central America.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a single depressed point: the harpes
are asymmetrical, the right side consisting of a simple short rounded lobe, near the
base is a tuft of strong bristles. directed outwards; the left side is much more complex,
the terminal lobe carries two strong widely-separated points directed upwards, and
above them again are two parallel strongly serrated surfaces; from near the base starts
a lobe carrying strong bristles, and another shorter one from about the middle of the

harpe. (See Tab. LXXXVIIL. fig. 22.)

2. Gorgythion begga. (Tab. LXX XVIII. fig. 23.)
Hesperia begga, Prittw. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1868, p. 198°.
Achlyodes begga, Plétz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 18°.
Hesperia? alcandra, Mab. Petit Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 229 (1878) °.
G. pyraline persimilis, supra vix distinguenda; alis posticis ad angulum apicalem forsan nigricantioribus :
subtus posticis dimidio anali plus minusve albidis.
Hab. Paxama, Volcan de Chiriqui, David (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribde).—Sours
AMERICA generally, from Colombia to Southern Brazil! 3 and Paraguay.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I1., October 1896. 31

426 BHOPALOCERA.

G. begga is very closely allied to G. pyralina, and in some places thé two forms seem
to blend, the chief distinctive character of the white terminal portion of the secondaries
beneath almost disappearing. When this character is fully developed the two insects
can readily be distinguished.

Though widely distributed in South America, G. begga only just enters our region,
penetrating as far as Chiriqui, where both Herr Ribbe and Mr. Champion obtained
specimens.

Herr Semper sent us named specimens from Brazil of this species, determined from
Plotz’s drawing, and these agree with an example compared with M. Mabille’s type
of H. alcandra kindly lent us for examination.

ANISOCHORIA.
Anisochoria, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. sér. 5, vi. p. eci (1876); Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 59.

M. Mabille founded this genus in 1876 upon his A. polysticta and <A. oligosticta,
both from Colombia, and afterwards added to it other species, including his A. aldida,
all of which appear to be strictly congeneric. In coloration, however, the last-
mentioned species approaches Helias albiplaga, Feld., and Antigonus egides, Herr.-
Sch., also included in Anisochoria by Capt. Watson *, but which, as will be seen below,
we think it advisable to separate therefrom.

Anisochoria, as thus restricted, is distinguished by its long, porrect, very conspicuous
palpi, the second joint of which is densely clothed with long hairs, beyond which the
slightly depressed terminal joint projects. The costa of the primaries is evenly curved
and the apex distinctly truncate, the rest of the outer margin and the inner margin
nearly straight; there is no costal fold; the third median segment is short, the second
segment curved; the discocellulars oblique, the lower shorter than the middle. The
secondaries have a rather pronounced apical angle, the costa being nearly straight
towards this angle ; the outer margin is rounded and rather prominent in the middle,
the discocellulars and radial very faint; the third median segment is short, the second
subcostal segment long, about equal to the second median segment. ‘The hind tibie
have two pairs of spurs and a tuft. ‘The harpes of the male genitalia are very nearly
symmetrical,

The only species of Anisochoria found within our limits is A. polysticta, but there
are many in Tropical South America, of which very few have been described. ‘These
range from Colombia to Guiana, South Brazil, and Paraguay. |

* Capt. Watscn seems to have taken his characters of the genus from Helias albiplaga, and not from the
typical species.

ANISOCHORIA. 427

1. Anisochoria polysticta, (Tab. LXXXVIII. figg. 24, 25, 26 ¢.)
Anisochoria polysticta, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1876, p. eci’.
Achlyodes lemur, Méschl. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 2287.

Alis fuliginoso-nigris, ciliis pallidioribus, nigro indistincte interruptis; anticis fascia transversa maculosa ab
angulo anali ad costam extensa, maculis tribus discalibus et tribus approximatis in linea recta ad angulum
apicalem albis; maculis submarginalibus indistinctis fusco cireumeinctis; posticis fere unicoloribus:
subtus anticis ut supra albo maculatis, ad apicem et ad marginem externum griseo irroratis; posticis
griseo marmoratis, maculis irregularibus nigris medialiter notatis et plaga elongata fundi coloris bisecta
ad costam castanea nigro atomata; palpis subtus griseis, tibiis posticis cirratis et bis bicalcaratis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Polochic Valley (/. D. G. & 0.8.),

Panima (Champion); Panama, Chiriqui? (&idbe), David, Bugaba (Champion). —

CoLoMBIA!?; VENEZUELA; GUIANA.

This species was described by M. Mabille from Colombian specimens in his own
collection, and we have before us a named example from Chiriqui lent us by
Dr. Staudinger. The latter agrees with our large series from many parts of Central
America, where it is abundant from the Mexican State of Vera Cruz to Panama, and
has been traced beyond Colombia to Venezuela and Guiana, whence we also have
specimens.

In 1875 Méschler redescribed the species as A. lemur from Chiriqui and Colombian
specimens, one of which has also been kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger, and we find
it to agree with A. polysticta in every respect *. As long ago as 1862 we obtained
a specimen of A. polysticta in the Polochic Valley in Guatemala, and Mr. Champion
captured others in the same district. Mr. Herbert Smith took many specimens at
Atoyac in the foot-hills of Eastern Vera Cruz in the month of May. It has not yet been
traced in Nicaragua and Costa Rica, but was taken in some numbers by Dr. Staudinger’s
collectors in Chiriqui, and a few by Mr. Champion at David. It would thus seem to
be a species restricted to the low-lying hotter districts of the countries it inhabits. |

The male genitalia have a forked tegumen, the points wide apart, and each furnished
with an appendiculate point. The scaphium is well developed. The harpes are short,
truncate, and divided at the end into two lobes: the upper one ends in an erect point
bent at the extremity outwards; the lower is rounded, and has a projecting tooth near
the end of the inner surface: there is also a large longitudinal lobe on the inner
surface of each harpe covered with tooth-like papille. (See Tab. LXXXVIII.

fig. 26.)

* Capt. Watson places A. lemur as a distinct species with A. sublimbuta, Mab., as a synonym, and
A, polysticta, Mab., as a synonym of A. pedaliodina (Butler) ; but with authentic examples of all these insects
before us we can affirm that A. pedaliodina, A, sublimbata, and . A, pol ysticta are all distinct. A. lemur falling

as a synonym under the last name.

312

425 RHOPALOCERA.

THEAGENES, gen. nov.

Similar to Anisochoria, and with similar long porrect palpi, the terminal joint of
which is hardly so much depressed. The primaries differ in having the costa concave
towards the apex, in the apex being more truncate and even slightly concave towards
the extreme tip, the lower portion of the outer margin and the inner margin are also
concave; there is also a distinct costal fold. The secondaries have a more rounded
apical angle, and the anal angle is rather more prominent. The male genitalia have
distinctly asymmetrical harpes.

Two species belong to this genus, one of them being the well-known Helias albiplaga,
Felder, having a range extending from Colombia to Bolivia; the other is the nearly
allied Antigonus egides, Herr.-Sch., a species of wide range in Southern Mexico and
Central America, but which does not pass outside our limits.

1. Theagenes egides. (Eropus egides*, Tab. LXX XVIII. figg. 27, 28, 29 3.)
Antigonus egides, Herr.-Sch. Prodr. iii. p. 49 (1869) *; Plotz, Jahrb. nass. Ver. xxxvil. p. 23°.

Alis fuscis, anticis medialiter griseo atomatis et lineis indistinctis angustis transversim fasciatis, puncto unico
ad apicem hyalino; posticis plaga magna mediana alba notatis: subtus anticis plaga magna ochracea, basi,
costa (anguste) et apice fuscis, hoc griseo irrorato, puncto hyalino ut in pagina superiore; posticis
undique fusco lineatim marmoratis, ad medium ale fere albis; palpis subtus griseo-albidis, tibiis posticis

cirratis et bis bicarinatis.
© mari similis, anticis plica costali nulla nec tibiis posticis cirratis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (fF. D. G.), Orizaba (/7. J. Elwes), Atoyac, Vera Cruz
(H. H. Smith); Guatemata?, Polochic and Chixoy Valleys, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S.),
Senahu, San Gerdnimo, Zapote (Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson) ;
Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé), Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba
(Champion).

This species is a close ally of 7. albiplaga (Feld.), but may be distinguished on the
upperside by the larger size of the conspicuous white patch on the middle of the
secondaries, and on the underside by the more linear and even mottling of those
wings, the lighter portions of which reach from the middle of the wing nearly to the
costa. In 7. albiplaga there is a subtriangular white patch definitely separated from
the costa by a wide dark border.

T. egides was very imperfectly described by Herrich-Schaffer, but was discriminated
from T. albiplaga by Plotz, who assigned it to Guatemala: and this determination of
Herrich-Schaffer’s name we accept.

The range of 7. egides is spread over the whole of Central America from the Line of
the Panama Railway northward. It occurs also in the Mexican State of Vera Cruz on
the eastern slope of the mountains.

* Since our Plate was drawn and lettered, Mons. Simon has used the name Hropus for a genus of Nitidulide
(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 162).

THEAGENES.—STAPHYLUS. 429

Its range in altitude extends from the sea-level to a height of as much as 5000 feet
in the mountains of Guatemala.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in a single strong central point, at the
base of which on either side is a short tooth ; the scaphium is feebly developed; the
right harpe is simple, and ends in a stout slightly upturned point: the left harpe is
much more complex, one portion of the extremity is thin and bent inwards, its outer
edge is serrate and carries strong bristles, at the commencement of this projection is a
rounded lobe; from nearer the base a strong process starts, which is bent forwards
into a lobe, all the ventral edge of which is armed with strong teeth. (See
Tab. LXXXVIII. fig. 29.)

STAPHYLUS, gen. nov.

There are a number of South- and Central-American species of Hesperiide allied to
Helias ascalaphus, Staudinger, the position of which is very obscure. Little difference,
and in some cases practically none at all, can be traced in the outward form or in the
coloration of the wings between many of these species; and it is only by following up
some very slight divergence in the length of the terminal joint of the palpi or their
clothing beneath, or other minute point, and by making dissections to show the structure
of the male genitalia that their real status is proved. Having done this, it appears
certain that a number of true species exist whose outward form gives scarcely any clue
to their distinction.

In the arrangement of the species which follows, though we have been guided almost
entirely by the similarity or dissimilarity of the male genitalia, we have also used, as
far as we possibly can, such external characters as can be definitely described.

It may, at some future time, be necessary to divide this genus as we now understand
it, but before doing so a number of South-American species will have to be thoroughly
examined, many of which do not fall satisfactorily into any of the sections into which
we temporarily subdivide the species of our region.

Taking S. ascalaphus as the type, the genus may be defined by the following
characters, none of which taken separately are characteristic :—

The antenne have a distinct club which is drawn to a somewhat blunt point, the
swollen portion being on one side, so that the opposite side is slightly concave; the
primaries have a distinct costal fold, the discocellulars are nearly transverse and
subequal, the third median segment short; the secondaries have a marginal indenta-
tion (not present in most of the other species) between the median and subcostal
nervures. ‘The palpi have a short porrect terminal joint projecting moderately beyond
the somewhat long clothing of the basal segments of the palpi. The hind tibie have
two pairs of spurs, but no tibial tuft.

Staphylus differs from Pholisora in having less prominent palpi and sharper antenne.

430 RHOPALOCERA.

a, S. CYLINDUS group.
1. Staphylus cylindus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXIX. figg. 1-3.)

Alis fuscis, squamis sparsis obscure ochraceis notatis ; anticis, plica costali obvia, maculis tribus subapicalibus,
tribus alteris discalibus inter ramos medianos semihyalinis et nigricanti-fusco limbatis; posticis fere
unicoloribus, fasciis duabus indistinctis vix pallidioribus margine externo parallelis: subtus fere uni-
coloribus; anticis area ad marginem externum paullo pallidiore et fulvescentiore; palpis subtus fuscis,
squamis fulvis intermixtis; pedibus et corpore toto fuscis.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (F. D. G. & H. J. E.), Coatepec and Jalapa (W. Schaus) ;
Costa Rica, Irazu and Rio Sucio (fogers).

This species is a close ally of Staphylus cyclops (Staud.), but differs in the colour of
the marginal portion of the primaries beneath, which are dark and only slightly more
fulvous than the rest of wing, instead of being distinctly ochre-yellow. In colour it
resembles Achlyodes simplex (anted, p. 396), but differs generically in several points,
the primaries having a very distinct costal fold, the outer margin more convex, the
secondaries wider and more convex, &c.

The range of Staphylus cylindus probably extends over nearly the whole of Central
America, from the eastern slope of the mountains of Vera Cruz southwards. We have
many specimens from Costa Rica, but none from any more southern point. In Colombia
Staphylus cyclops perhaps takes its place, a species of which we have not as yet seen
any examples from our country, those attributed to it belonging either to Achlyodes
simplex or A. cyrna (Mab.)*. |

The male genitalia have a long, rather slender, blunt, slightly depressed tegumen,
with a short Jobe on either side at the base: the harpes are divided into two lobes of
nearly equal width ; the lower one is the longer and ends in a blunt point at the upper
corner; the upper and shorter lobe is rounded at the extremity. (See Tab. LXX XIX.
fig. 3.)

6. S. CUPREICEPS group.
2. Staphylus cupreiceps. (Tab. LXXXIX. figg. 4-6.)
Antigonus cupreiceps, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. lxiii’.

Alis fuliginoso-nigris ; anticis fascia submarginali paulo pallidiore; posticis fasciis maculosis indistincte notatis :
subtus fuscis, fasciis omnibus ut supra sed paulo magis obviis; palpis subtus griseis, supra cum area inter
oculos et prothorace supra auréo-aurantiacis,

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guats-
MaLA, Volcan de Sta. Maria (W. B. Richardson); Honpuras (mus. Mabille1), San
Pedro (G. M. Whitely); Panama (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—VENEZUELA; AMAZONS
VaLLey; Boutvia; Eastern Brazit.

This species was described from a specimen from Honduras, which, through

* Mons. Mabille has recently sent us a specimen of his Achlyodes cyrna (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. lvi
Feb. 27), and we find it identical with our 4. fasciata, which was described a few weeks later, and the latter
name therefore becomes a synonym of A. cyrna.

STAPHYLUS. 431

M. Mabille’s kindness, we have seen, and find it agrees with a good series we possess
coming from a wide area extending from Southern Mexico to Rio Janeiro, In the
colour of the palpi above and of the head and prothorax this species resembles Helias
aurocapilia, Staud., but it is a much larger insect, and has the male genitalia differently
formed, as will be seen by comparing the figures. The two insects seem to be strictly
congeneric, having similar palpi, and the costal fold of the primaries and the neuration
much alike.

The male genitalia have a ventral hook with two short rounded lobes at the base—
one on either side: the harpes are split into two lobes; the upper one is small and
rounded at the end; the lower one much wider and expanded towards the outer margin,
with two rounded angles, the lower one projecting more than the upper. (See

Tab. LXX XIX. fig. 6.)

3. Staphylus aurocapilla. (Tab. LXXXIX. figg. 9-11.)
Helias aurocapilla, Staud. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 117 (1876)’.
Achlyodes vulgata, Méschl. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxviii. p. 224 (1878)?.

Alis fuliginoso-nigris, squamis paucis ochraceis notatis, fasciis valde indistinctis formantibus ; palpis, capite medi-
aliter et prothorace supra aurantiacis: subtus alis ut supra; palpis subtus fusco-albidis, flavido vix tinctis,

Hab. Muxico, Misantla (F. D. G.), Rinconada (W. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H.
Smith); Guatemata, Zapote (Champion).—Co.omBia?; Trimipap; Lower AMAZONS;
ARGENTINA }.

A specimen submitted to M. Mabille was returned to us named H. aurocapilla,
Staud., with the description of which it no doubt agrees. But we find that Méschler’s
name A. vwlgata is also applicable to it, the type lent us by Dr. Staudinger agreeing
with our series from Mexico and Central America. Dr. Staudinger’s title has a
slight priority.

Staphylus aurocapilla is readily distinguishable from WS. ascalaphus, which it resembles
in colour and size, by the orange colour of the upperside of the palpi, head, and
prothorax. In this respect it is like 8. cupreiceps and S. ceos, but it differs from the
former in its smaller size and distinct male genitalia, and from the latter by the colour
of the palpi beneath, which are of dusky yellowish white, instead of pure white as in
S. ceos, and also in the form of the genitalia.

The male genitalia have a long single pointed tegumen, with a tuft of hairs arising
from the base of the dorsal edge: the harpes are split into two lobes, which overlap at
their bases; the upper lobe ends in a close-set bunch of strong bristles, and at the base,
where it overlaps the lower lobe, the lower angle carries a short tooth; the lower lobe
is evenly rounded at the end and covered with long fine hairs. (See Tab. LXXXIX.
fig. 11.)

432 RHOPALOCERA.

4. Staphylus ceos. (Tab. LX XXIX. figg. 7, 8.)
Pholisora ceos, W. H. Edw. Papilio, ii. p. 140 (1882)’.

S. auricapille persimilis, et palpis supra, capite summo et prothorace eodem modo picturatis ; palpis longi-
oribus, subtus pure albis, alis anticis maculis duabus (4) (aut tribus 2) subapicalibus semihyalinis

distinguenda.
Hab. Nortu America, Arizona '.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (4. A. Morrison), near
Durango city (Becker).

We have several of Morrison’s specimens from Fort Grant, Arizona, and the frontier
between that State and Sonora, as well as one from near Durango. ‘These all differ
from S. aurocapilla in having longer palpi, the colour of which is pure white beneath,
and in the primaries having two hyaline spots in the male and three in the female
near the apex.

The male of 8. aurocapilla has no such spots, though the female possesses three very
small ones.

The species was described by Mr. W. H. Edwards in 1882 from Morrison’s specimens.

The male genitalia have a long slender tegumen: the harpes are cleft into two lobes;
the upper one simply rounded with a nearly straight outer margin, and beset on the
edge with short bristles; the lower lobe slightly overlaps the upper one at the base, has
a rounded end and a depression on the dorsal edge, the outer margin carries bristles,
and the sides are hairy. (See Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 8.)

c. S. ASCALAPHUS group. (Typical.)

5. Staphylus ascalaphus. (Tab. LXXXIX. figg. 12-14 ¢, 15 2.)
Helias ascalaphus, Staud. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 116 (1876) '.

Alis nigricanti-fuscis fere unicoloribus; anticis fascia submarginali maculosa vix pallidiore punctis duobus
subapicalibus hyalinis; posticis margine externo undulari inter venam medianam et venam subcostalem
maxime exciso: subtus unicoloribus, squamis sparsis ochraceis notatis ; palpis subtus griseo-ochraceis,
supra squamis griseis et nigris intermixtis.

Q. Alis pallidioribus, fasciis duabus transversis obscuris notatis, una discali, altera cellulari, ambabus supra
posticas indistincte productis; anticis punctis duobus aut tribus subapicalibus hyalinis notatis.

Hab. Muxico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (W. B. Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann),
Misantla, Jalapa, Vera Cruz (Ff. D. G.), Coatepec, Rinconada, Paso de San Juan
(W. Schaus), Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac (H. H. Smith,
Schumann), Acapulco, Tierra Colorada, Rincon, La Venta, Venta de Zopilote, Rio
Papagayo, Dos Arroyos, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer) ;
British Honpuras, Corosal (foe); Guatemaua, Duefias, Zapote, San Gerdnimo,
Panima, Chiacam (Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson) ; NicaRaaua,
Matagalpa (W. B. Richardson), Chontales (Belt); Cogra Rica, Caché, Irazu (Rogers) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui!, Panama (Ribée), Taboga I. (J. J. Watker).—CouomB1a ;
VENEZUELA; TRINIDAD.

STAPHYLUS. 4338

Dr. Staudinger described this species from specimens sent him by Ribbe from Panama},
one of which is before us. It is a very common insect all over Central America and
Southern Mexico up to an elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet above sea-level. WS. hayhursti
(Edw.) is a very nearly allied species, differing apparently in its paler more decidedly
mottled wings, and especially by the purer white of the palpi beneath.

The male genitalia have a peculiar tegumen, which is slender, bent downwards in the
middle, and then curving outwards ends in a sharp slender point ; on the superior angle
of the bend a tuft of curved hairs stands: the harpes are simple lobes slightly constricted
in the middle, and ending in short, thick-set, upturned bristles. (See Tab. LXXXIX.
fig. 14.)

In outward appearance S. ascalaphus is very like the North-American S. hayhursti,
both having a similarly shaped outer margin to the secondaries. 8S. hayhursti is a little
paler in colour, the faint markings of the wings rather more plainly shown, and the
palpi purer white beneath. ‘The genitalia of S. hayhursti resemble those of S. asca-
laphus so far as the peculiar shape of the tegumen is concerned; but the upper lobe
of the harpes carries a long recurved horn, the lower lobe projecting slightly with a
rounded end. (See Tab. LXX XIX. fig. 16.)

6. Staphylus aztecus. (lab. LXXXIX. figg. 173,182.)
Pholisora azteca, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. 1871, p. 72’.

8. ascalapho similis, sed alis omnibus omnino pallidioribus ; anticis punctis tribus hyalinis subapicalibus (medio
basi proximo); posticis margine externo fere integro; palpis subtus albis.

Hab. Mexico, Rinconada (W. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa, Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith),
Tehuantepec (Scudder 1).

Our specimens of this species from both sides of the mountains of Southern Mexico
agree fairly with Mr. Scudder’s description of his Pholisora azteca; but we cannot be
certain of our identification, as neither the sex of the type or the colour of the palpi
beneath is stated. Mr. Scudder’s comparison of his P. azteca with Hesperia hayhursti
of Edwards guides our determination, as the series before us certainly indicates a close
alliance with that species, the chief difference being the even margin of the secondaries
of S. aztecus as we understand it.

The male genitalia do not differ from those of S. ascalaphus, so that the two species
can be separated on external characters alone.

d. S. EVIPPE group.

7. Staphylus evippe, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXIX. figg. 19, 20¢.)

' Alis saturate brunneo-fuscis, fere unicoloribus; anticis punctis duobus (inferiore obsoleto) subapicalibus
hyalinis; palpis subtus plerumque albis, pilis sparsis fuscis intermixtis.
Q mari similis, punctis anticarum hyalinis majoribus, plica costali nulla.

BIOL. CENTR. AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1896.

Os
mR

434 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, San Gerdénimo (Champion),
Chixoy Valley (Ff. D. G. & 0. 8.).

Externally this species closely resembles S. giselus, but differs in having the palpi
beneath much whiter. The male has the hyaline spots almost obsolete, the lower of
the two being scarcely visible; in the female both spots are apparent.

The male genitalia have a short lobe on either side of the base of the terminal
portion of the tegumen; the harpes spread transversely at the end, the outer edge
being irregular but strongly serrate, there is a deep sinus on the dorsal edge. (See
Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 20.) Compare the figure with that of the corresponding parts of
S. giselus (fig. 26).

8. Staphylus orsines, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXIX. figg. 21, 22 ¢.)

S. evippe similis, alis nigricantioribus unicoloribus, punctis anticarum hyalinis nullis; palpis elongatis porrectis :
subtus albidis; anticis ad apicem magis acutis, margine externo rectiore.

Hab. Mexico, Lake Chapala (W. B. Richardson).

A single male specimen is all we have seen of this species, which closely resembles
S. evippe in general appearance. ‘The male genitalia, however, differ sufficiently to
prove that the two insects are really distinct, as will be apparent on comparing the
figures.

The male genitalia resemble those of S. evippe, but the terminal portion of the
tegumen is longer and more evenly curved; the harpes spread transversely at the upper
corner of the outer margin and the edge itself is serrate, but there is no sinus on the
ventral edge. (See Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 22.)

é. 8, GISELUS group.

9. Staphylus brennus. (Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 23 ¢.)
Nisoniades brennus, Mab. in litt.

Alis fusco-brunneis, fere immaculatis, sparsim squamis fulvis aspersis ; anticis fascia submarginali vix pallidiore,
punctis hyalinis nullis; palpis subtus squamis nigricantibus et fulvis intermixtis sat longis vestitis.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 2500 to 4000 feet, David (Champion), Chiriqui
(fibbe, in mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has sent us two specimens from Chiriqui with this name in the hand-
writing of M. Mabille attached to them. We have a few others of Mr. Champion’s
collecting from the same district.

S. brennus is closely allied to S. gisedus, and has the palpi similarly coloured, but the
primaries are devoid of hyaline spots always present in S. giselus. ‘The male genitalia,
too, differ slightly, as will be seen on comparing the figures: they have harpes

STAPHYLUS. 435

terminating in a rounded lobe, with a mesial ridge extending part of its length, at the
base of which, on the dorsal edge, is a fissure overlapped by a rounded lobe projecting
backwards. (See Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 25.)

10. Staphylus giselus. (Tab. LXX XIX. figg. 24-26 ¢.)
Hesperia giselus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii p. lxxv (1883) ',

Alis fusco-nigricantibus, fasciis valde indistinctis nigris vix adumbratis; anticis punctis duobus subapica-
libus nigro circumcinctis hyalinis; palpis subtus squamis nigricantibus et fulvis intermixtis sat longis
vestitis.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas, Omilteme (1. H. Smith), Orizaba .
(Hf. J. Elwes); Guaremata, San Gerénimo, Panima, Chilasco, Duefias (Champion) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Couomsta 1,

A Chiriqui specimen lent us by Dr. Staudinger, and named by M. Mabille, agrees
with the description, having no doubt been compared with the type, which came
from Bogota! Our Mexican specimens in every case have three hyaline spots in
the apex of the primaries: in some of our Duefias examples the middle spot is absent,
as in the Chiriqui insect ; in others from Duefias there are also two, but the lower spot
is wanting. We have dissected a Duefias male and one from Omilteme, and find no
practical difference between them.

The male genitalia (extracted from a Duefias specimen agreeing as to its hyaline
spots with the Chiriqui male) have a tegumen like that of 8. brennus, the harpes
are more truncate and slightly serrate at the extremity, the dorsal edge of the terminal
lobe has a deep sinus, on the proximal side of which stands a strong erect lobe.

(See Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 26.)

11. Staphylus imbras, sp.n. (Tab. LXX XIX. figs. 27, 28 3, 29 .)

Alis saturate brunneo-fuscis, fasciis obscuris vix notatis; anticis punctis hyalinis subapicalibus nullis ( ¢);
palpis subtus ochraceo-fulvidis, squamis paucis nigris intermixtis.

2 mari similis, sed major, fasciis obscuris alarum magis obviis et anticis punctis tribus subapicalibus hyalinis
instructis.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla (F. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (H. Riimelt),
Rinconada, Coatepec, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ;
GuaTEMALA, Duefias, Zapote, Panima (Champion).

We have a considerable series of this species agreeing in outward characters, slight
though they are. From S. giselus this insect can be distinguished by the absence in
the male of subapical hyaline spots, though in the supposed female three are distinctly
shown. S. brennus is exceedingly like it, but has rather less prominent terminal joints
to the palpi. ‘The following species, §. saletas, is also very similar, but has two sub-

apical hyaline spots on the primaries.
3 K2

436 RHOPALOCERA.

The male genitalia of all these insects have their peculiarities. .

M. Mabille has referred us to his Hesperia melangon (Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii.
p. ]xxv) in naming a specimen sent to him; but the species now described can hardly
belong to that insect, which is stated to have the wings greyish at the base. and the
secondaries with two greyish bands on the disc.

The terminal portion of the tegumen of the male genitalia is a single stout spine
with a slight hook at the end; at the base of this portion is a long erect tuft of hairs :
the harpes end in a rounded lobe, and on the dorsal edge is a deep fissure with over-
lapping sides, two transverse lobes project inwards from the interior surface of the

harpes. (See Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 28.)

12. Staphylus saletas, sp.n. (Tab. LXX XIX. fig. 302.)

Alis ferrugineo-brunneis, fusco variegatis; anticis maculis indistinctis discalibus nigricantioribus et punctis
duobus subapicalibus hyalinis notatis: subtus ut supra, sed paulo pallidioribus, maculis omnibus forsan
distinctioribus ; ciliis ad basin squamis albidis intermixtis ; palpis subtus albidis.

mari similis, anticis plica costali nulla, punctis parvis tribus evanescentibus hyalinis in disco.

Hab. GuateMaLa, Duefias (Champion).

A single male specimen differs from others of that sex belonging to this genus in
having the wings of a rather rusty tinge, and the obscurer dark markings rather more
distinct. It has, too, the palpi beneath clothed with white instead of fulvous scales,
and the male genitalia are distinct. ‘These have a tegumen nearly straight for the
terminal half, and ending in a blunt rounded point: the harpes are short and rounded ;
they have a blunt erect spine on the dorsal edge, and a curved serrate ridge on the
inner surface. (See Tab. LX XXIX. fig. 30.)

‘The female described above doubtfully belongs to this species.

f. S. EVEMERUS group.

13. Staphylus evemerus, sp.n. (Tab. LXXXIX. figg. 31, 32 ¢.)

Alis fusco-brunneis, fasciis transversis obscurioribus vix variegatis ; anticis punctis subapicalibus hyalinis—
nullis (¢), tribus (2) in linea obliqua; palpis subtus squamis ochracco-fulvis et nigris intermixtis
vestitis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu, Rio Sucio, Caché (Rogers).

| Of this species Mr. H. Rogers sent us several specimens. ‘They hardly differ
outwardly from several other members of the genus, but the male genitalia, as will
be seen on examining the figures, are profoundly modified. These have an elongated
slightly depressed tegumen ending in a blunt slightly hooked point: the scaphium is
more fully developed than in the other species, and the harpes end in a long slightly
upturned rod, having a finely serrate dorsal edge and long external and terminal

STAPHYLUS.—SCANTILLA. 437

hairs; about the middle of the dorsal edge is a large lobe, from which proceeds a
strong erect spine with a serrate end. (See Tab. LXXXIX. fig. 32.)

g. Position uncertain.

14. Staphylus unifascia. (Tab. XC. fie. 1, 26 .)
Antigonus unifascia, Mab. Le Nat. xi. p. 239 (1889) *.

Alis grisescenti-nigricantibus, ad basin obscurioribus, fascia indistincta discali ejusdem coloris ; anticis punctis
duobus subapicalibus hyalinis; palpis subtus albis.
2 mari similis, sed major, punctis hyalinis anticarum majoribus.
Hab. Mexico, Coatepec, Paso de San Juan (W. Schaus); Honpuras, San Pedro Sold
(Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger); Panama (mus. Staudinger !).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us his Honduras specimen, which bears M. Mabille’s label,
and has doubtless been compared with the type from Panama. It agrees also fairly
with the description, in which, however, no mention is made of the two subapical
hyaline spots on the primaries. In a male from Mexico only one of these spots is
faintly visible, but in the female both are clearly shown.

We have no specimen for dissection of this species, so that its position must remain
for the present uncertain.

SCANTILLA, gen. nov.

This genus is very closely allied to Staphylus,so far as the outward appearance goes.
Its wings are of the same dull colour, with hardly a trace of any markings. ‘The
secondaries are evenly rounded. The primaries have no costal fold, the club of the
antenne is stouter, and the terminal joint of the palpi longer and more depressed.

The following is the only species we can yet place in Scantilla :—

1. Scantilla opites, sp.n. (Tab. XC. tigg. 3, 4,53.)
Alis brunneo-fuscis, basi et fascia discali saturatioribus vix variegatis: subtus fere unicoloribus, squamis paucis
obscure fulvis aspersis ; palpis subtus albicantibus.

Hab. GuateMALa, Duefias (Champion).

Of this species Mr. Champion sent us several specimens. The absence cf the costal
fold in the primaries of the male distinguishes the species from all the members of
Staphylus. |

‘The male genitalia have a long nearly straight tegumen; on the dorsal edge of the
base of the terminal section stands an erect tuft of hairs: the harpes are short, rounded
at the end, which is furnished with short stiff spines; there is also a row of spines
directed upwards from the base of the inner edge of the ventral fold. (See Tab. XC.

fig. 5.)

438 RHOPALOCERA.

PARAMIMUS.
Paramimus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 115 (1816) ; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 50.

This is a compact genus containing four or five allied species, all carrying a similar
pattern on the wings *.

Capt. Watson places it next to Pythonides, but it has little in common with the
typical members of that genus as restricted by us.

Lhe primaries are elongated, the outer margin being shorter than either of the
others ; the lower discocellular is shorter than the middle, the upper discocellular being
distinct and oblique; there is no costal fold. The antenne have a long, not very
distinct club, which is evenly curved and rather blunt at the tip. The palpi are
covered with thick-set white scales, beyond which the long black terminal joint
projects ; the hind tibie are not swollen, but have a tibial tuft and carry the usual two
pairs of spurs.

The position of Paramimus is somewhat uncertain, and has not much in common
with the genera immediately preceding, the wings being longer, the colour different,
and the antenne with a less-defined club. The latter and the long pointed palpi

suggest some relationship with Pholisora, and in this uncertain position we must for
the present leave the genus.

1. Paramimus stigma. (Tab. XC. fig. 6.)
Leucochitonea stigma, Feld. Reise d. Nov. Lep. p. 524, t. 74, ff. 26, 277.
Pythonides stigma, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Eut. Soc. 1880, p. 127°.
Paramimus stigma, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 50°,

Alis saturate fuscis, anticis maculis duabus ultra eellulam sat magnis, una costali, altera subquadrata discali,
albido-hy alinis, in certa luce argenteis, interhanc et marginem internum plaga obvia coccinea ; posticis fascia
mediana alba, ad costam rotundata, costam ipsam haud attingente: subtus anticis ut supra, sed pallidi-

oribus ; posticis usque ad basin (costa excepta) albis et macula subanali alba notatis; palpis subtus,
corpore subtus et supra medialiter albis,

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger), Taboga, I., Bay of Panama (J. J. Walker).
—Nortu Cotomsia !2,

We have several specimens of this species captured by Mr. J. J. Walker on Taboga
Island, agreeing with one of Ribbe’s examples taken on the Isthmus of Panama, and
others from Santa Marta, whence Felder’s types were derived #.

* P. leuwcaria (Hew.), placed in this genus by Capt. Watson (P. Z. S. 1893, p. 50), does not really belong
here ; it has the hind tibiz of the male much swollen, and the terminal joint of the palpi not nearly so long.

+ A very closely allied form occurs in the Brazilian Province of Matto Grosso, where Mr. Herbert Smith
captured several specimens at Chapada. These have the characteristic spots of P. stigma on the primaries ;
is of more irregular shape and not subquadrate, and moreover enters
the cell. This we propose to call Paramivs HERBERTI,.

Another form from Santa Marta has the primaries dark brown, only relieved by the red spot on the inner
margin, the two large hyaline spots being wholly absent. This we call Paramus MONOSTIGMA,. .

but the lower of the two hyaline spots

PARAMIMUS.—TIMOCHREON. 439

The male genitalia have a complicated tegumen, which seems cleft in the middle,
each lateral portion consisting of two strongly curved hooks, below which (perhaps part
of the scaphium) are two more horn-like points: the harpes are long and cleft towards
the end, the upper portion is continued in a long slightly depressed rod, the under
portion is wider and shorter and upturned at the end, which is rather strongly
serrate. (See Tab. XC. fig. 6.)

TIMOCHREON, gen. nov.
Pythonides, sect. A, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 51 (partim).

Both Helias satyrus, Feld., and Helias satyrina, Feld., were placed by Capt. Watson
in the genus Pythonides ; but they not only differ from the typical species of that genus
but also from one another, so much so that we feel obliged to place them under distinct
generic names, and for 4. satyrus we use Timochreon.

_ T. satyrus at present stands alone. The body is rather stout, the antenne end in a
long, gradually curved, slightly thickened, pointed club; the palpi are porrect, the
terminal joint stout and not very prominent; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs
and a slender tuft of hair at the proximal end: the primaries are rather pointed and
without costal fold; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper comparatively long, the
middle and lower subequal; the third median segment is short, about equal to the
lower discocellular: the secondaries are slightly produced at the anal angle; the
discocellulars and radial feeble, the lower discocellular longer than the upper; the
third median segment distinct and about equal to the second subcostal segment.

Timochreon differs from Pythonides in the less promiuent anal angle of the
secondaries, the less thickened club of the antenne, the more prominent porrect palpi,
and the presence in the male of tibial tufts of hair. ‘There is much difference in the
male genitalia, as will be seen by comparing the figures.

The range of 7. satyrus extends from Panama to South Brazil.

1. Timochreon satyrus, (Tab. XC. fig. 7.)

Helias satyrus, Feld. Reise d. Nov. Lep. p. 534, t. 74. ff. 3, 4°.

Pythonides satyrus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 51”. .

Alis fuscis, fasciola discati alteraque latiore submarginali vix saturatioribus; posticis maculis septem sub-
marginalibus nigris saturate cervino cinctis, eis ven radialis utrinque minimis et clongatis, reliquis
rotundatis : subtus omnino pallidioribus et grisescentioribus, fasciolis et maculis magis distinctis ; palpis
subtus albidis.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger), Emperador Station (J. J. Walker).—
CoLomBIA 1; VENEZUELA; AMAZONS VALLEY; SOUTH BraZiu.

We have seen two specimens of this species from Panama—one captured by Ribbe
during his first visit to the Isthmus, the other by Mr. J. J. Walker at Emperador
Station on the Railway Line. The type described and figured by Felder came from

440 RHOPALOCERA.

Bogota!. We have specimens of Mr. Simons’s collecting from Northern Colombia,
others from Venezuela. Bates found it at Para, and Mr. Herbert Smith at Chapada,
in Matto Grosso.

ZOPYRION, gen. nov.

This genus, which contains JZelias satyrina, Feld., and the two species mentioned
below, agrees with Timochreon in the general facies of the species, which are somewhat
like Satyrine in their colour; but Zopyrion differs from Timochreon in having a more
slender body, more rounded wings, a more abrupt club to the antenne, a longer, more
prominent terminal joint to the palpi, and a distinct costal fold to the primaries.

The species range from South-western Mexico to South Brazil.

1. Zopyrion sandace, sp. n. (lab. XC. figg. §, 9, 10.)

Alis fuscis fere unicoloribus, ciliis sordide albis, venis fuscis interruptis ; anticis punctis indistinctis sex ultra
cellulam, aliisque quatuor discalibus, omnibus lineam maculosam sinuosam formantibus, pallide fuscis :
subtus griseis, anticis ochraceo lavatis, ad marginem externum fusco irroratis; posticis lineola irregulari
transversa per cellulam alteraque duplici abbreviata discali, punctisque submarginalibus pallide ochraceo-
fuscis ; palpis subtus albis, penicilla tibiali nigra.

Q mari similis, plica costali nulla neque penicilla tibiali; alis subtus obscurioribus.

Hab. Muxico, Venta de Zopilote, Acapulco, Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, Tierra

Colorada (H. H. Smith); Guavemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson).

Mr. Smith sent us a series of specimens of this species all taken in September and
October at various places in the State of Guerrero, and we have one specimen from
Mr. Richardson taken on the slope of the Volcan de Santa Maria in Guatemala.

The species is evidently allied to Z. satyrina (Feld.), but may at once be distinguished
by the absence of the dark submarginal spots on the secondaries beneath.

Besides the two species already mentioned, we have several specimens of a third in
South America which we describe below *, as well as indications of others of which
our materials are scanty.

The male genitalia of Z. sandace have a double pointed tegumen, under which is a
well-developed scaphium: the harpes are cleft at the end, where there is a deep sinus;
the upper portion curves downwards, and the under portion is wider, curves upwards,
and both have their ends serrate ; from the base of the inside of the harpe a long lobe
proceeds outwards, which is pointed and reaches a little beyond the bottom of the cleft,
its upper margin being sinuous and thickly serrate. (See Tab. XC. fig. 10.) |

* Z, sandace affinis, sed alis subtus omnino magis ochraceis, lineolis posticarum omnino disruptis vix obviis.

Hab, Brazit, Corumba in Matto Grosso (H. H. Smith).

PHOLISORA. 44]

PHOLISORA.
Pholisora, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. 1871, p- 72; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 68.

A small genus of rather obscure affinities, based by Mr. Scudder upon Papilio
catullus, Fabr., as its type. Hesperia hayhurstt, Edw., and other species have been
placed with it by American writers, but it is not certain that any of them are strictly
congeneric.

We place the following species in Pholisora, but with some hesitation, as the
male secondary sexual characters, as will be seen below, differ very considerably from
those of P. catullus. In general appearance, neuration, and the structure of the
antenne and palpi there appears to be little divergence, and the last-named afford a
characteristic feature.

The primaries of P. mexicana are, like those of P. catullus, rather rounded at the
apex, the outer margin being evenly convex; the third median segment is short, about
equal to the lower discocellular, which again equals the middle, the upper discocellular
being distinct and about half the length of the others.

The secondaries very slightly project about the middle of the outer margin; the
second median segment is shorter than the second subcostal segment ; the discocellulars
and radial are feebly developed.

The antenne have an elongated slightly curved club, the end of which tapers
gradually to a rather blunt point ; this is not so much rounded as in true Hesperia and
its allies, nor so sharply pointed as in most of the preceding genera. The palpi have a
long porrect terminal joint. The hind tibie carry two pairs of spurs.

The male genitalia of P. catullus have a tegumen ending in two claws, at the base
of which arise two lobes, one on either side; the scaphium is well developed and
shows a strongly chitinized end; the harpes have two slightly rounded lobes, folded
backwards and serrate along their edges; the cedeagus is complicated, and on the
underside at the end has a strong recurrent hook. Comparing these points with
the figure of the genitalia of P. mexicana (Tab. XC. fig. 12) the differences are
obvious.

The range of the genus extends over both the Eastern and Western States of
North America and over nearly the whole of Mexico.

1. Pholisora mexicana, (Tab. XC. figg. 11, 12 ¢.)
NMisoniades mejicanus, Reakirt, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 334°.

Alis saturate fusco-nigricantibus, ciliis elongatis fuscis, fascia submarginali maculosa fusco-albicante ; anticis
maculis sex subapicalibus in serie tortuosa albis: subtus anticis maculis tribus subapicalibus albis
tantum notatis, margine interno pallidiore; plica costali obvia: antennis nigris; palpis subtus, preter

apices, pure albis.
@ anticis maculis novem albis notatis in serie tortuosa extensis a costa usque ad marginem internum, macula

decima alba ad cellule finem.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., September 1897. 3L

442 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Norra America, South-western States.—MeExico, Sonora (coll. Bates), near
Durango city (Becker), Lake Chapala (W. B. Richardson), Morelia (F. D. G.), Cordova
(Riimeli), Puebla (H. J. Elwes), Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards").

Reakirt’s description of this species was based upon a specimen taken near Vera
Cruz by Mr. W. H. Edwards. We have a series of examples of it both from that —
State and also from several places in Western Mexico, and we believe that it extends
beyond our limits into the North-American States of California, Colorado, and Nevada.

The male genitalia have a simple tegumen ending in a central claw, with a lobe on
either side at its base; the scaphium is feebly developed: the harpes appear truncated
at the end, due to the folding inwards of the upper and lower corners; the lower of
these folds has a nearly smooth edge. (See Tab. XC. fig. 12.)

2. Pholisora clytius, sp.n. (Tab. XC. figg. 13, 14 ¢.)

P. meaxicane similis, sed minor, alis immaculatis fusco-nigris; posticis ad medium marginis externi magis
productis.

Hab. Mexico, Tres Marias Is. (forrer).

Mr. Forrer sent us three specimens of this obscure species, which, however, is quite
distinct from P. mexicana, for, besides the outward characters mentioned above, the
male genitalia present differences which must not be overlooked.

The tegumen is a more sinuous rod and has no lobes at the base; the scaphium
is hardly visible ; the harpes show two angular lobes at the end, the lower of which
is serrate. (See Tab. XC. fig. 14.)

3. Pholisora alpheus. (Tab. XC. fig. 15 ¢.)
Thanaos alpheus, W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. v. p. 206 '.
Pholisora alpheus, W. H. Edw. Papilio, ii. p. 139°.

Alis fusco-nigris, pallidiore fusco variegatis; anticis maculis tribus subapicalibus et una discali inter ramos
medianos albis, lineola obscure albida submarginali; posticis saturatioribus: subtus saturate fuscis ;
posticis squamis paucis albis, irregulariter notatis : palpis subtus albis.

Hab. Nortu Amertca, New Mexico}, Arizona 2,—Mexico, Aguas Calientes (Ff. D. G.).

This species was described by Mr. W. H. Edwards from two specimens taken by
Lieut. W. C. Carpenter in New Mexico in 18751, and he subsequently gave a fuller
description from fresher examples taken by Morrison at Fort Grant in Arizona2. We
have several of Morrison’s specimens, and also two taken by Godman at Aguas
Calientes, which bring the species well within our limits.

Though we leave P. alpheus in Pholisora, where Mr. Edwards placed it, we are not
sure that this will be its final resting-place. The antenne are blunter than in typical
Pholisora, and are shaped more like the antenne of true Hesperia, but the palpi are
long as in Pholisora.

The primaries have no costal fold ; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs, but no

PHOLISORA.—ATARNES. 443
tibial tuft. The male genitalia differ considerably from those of Pholisora catullus:
the tegumen ends in a straight terminal simple rod, the base being large and craniform ;
the scaphium is well developed; the harpes are narrow and end in a long sickle-
shaped rod curving downwards. (See Tab. XC. fig. 15.)

ATARNKES, gen. nov.

The very distinct species described by Felder as Leucochitonea salléi does not
clearly belong to any recognized genus, though its position must be assigned to the
neighbourhood of the preceding genera.

The antenne have a rather long hooked club, which tapers gradually to a blunt
point ; the palpi have the terminal joint moderately long and porrect; the hind tibie
have two pairs of spurs, but no tibial tuft. The primaries are without a costal fold,
the apex is rather acute, the outer margin convex; the third median segment is
short but slightly longer than the lower and middle discocellulars, which are subequal
and slightly oblique, the upper discocellular is distinct and about half the length of the
others. The secondaries are rounded ; the second median and second subcostal segments
subequal; the discocellulars nearly transverse but feeble, as is also the radial.

The range of the genus is that of the single species and is given below.

1. Atarnes sallei. (Tab. XC. fig. 16 3.)

Leucochitonea salléi, Feld. Reise d. Nov., Lep. p. 525, t. 74. f. 25°.
Pythonides sallei, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874, p. 3697.

Alis fusco-nigris, anticis fascia mediana argentea extrorsum valde sinuata, area externa lineolis albis inter
venas radiata, macula quadrata ad medium marginis interni testacea, extrorsum lunulis duabus nigris
limbata ; posticis area mediana lata alba, margine externo lineolis albis radiata: subtus ut supra, sed
omnino pallidioribus: capite et thorace supra albo punctatis, abdomine albo sexcincto, corpore subtus

albo; palpis (preter apices) albis.
mari similis, sed major et alis magis rotundatis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (H. Edwards), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Sallé 1, Riimeli),
Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Temax in
Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer); Guatema.a, Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.) ; Costa Rica
(Van Patten”), Caché (Rogers).

This pretty species, well described and figured by Felder from specimens obtained
by Sallé in the Mexican State of Vera Cruz’, is fairly abundant in Southern Mexico
and Guatemala, and thence probably spreads uninterruptedly over the lower lands of
Central America to Costa Rica, the most southern point, so far as we know, of its range.
In altitude it reaches as high as about 4000 feet in the mountains of Vera Cruz.

The male genitalia have a short strong tegumen, ending in a depressed point, to
which the strongly developed scaphium approaches; the harpes are prolonged to a
blunt point, near which, on the dorsal edge, is a lobe narrowly slit down the middle.

See Tab. XC. fig. 16.)
3L 2

444 RHOPALOCERA.

HELIOPETES.
Heliopetes, Billberg, Enum. Ins. p. 81 (1820); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 64.

A genus containing about fifteen species, nearly all of which belong to the Neotropical
region, H. ericetorum being, perhaps, the only exception.

From the superficial resemblance of the species to the African Leucochitonea levubu
they have frequently been placed in the genus Leucochitonea by various writers. But,
as Capt. Watson has pointed out, they have little or nothing to do with that genus, but
should be grouped under Billberg’s name Heliopetes, of which H. arsalte (Linn.) is
the type.

Of the eight species found in our region all but two have a very wide range over
the South-American continent; the two exceptions are:—/H. macaira, which, though
generally distributed throughout our country, does not seem to pass the Isthmus of
Panama, and HH. cnemus, which seems restricted to Southern Mexico. Of the southern
species, five range as far north as Sinaloa, H. petrus being the only one that does not
pass Nicaragua.

The antenne have a moderately long, blunt, slightly curved club; the palpi are
porrect, the terminal joint slender, projecting slightly beyond the prominent hairs of
the second joint: the primaries have a distinct costal fold in the male; the third
median segment and the lower and middle discocellulars are subequal, the upper
discocellular distinct and about half the length of the others; the secondaries have
a short third median segment, the discocellulars are subequal and, as well as the
radial, feeble. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs, and in the male a tuft at the
proximal end.

1. Heliopetes domicella.
Syrichthus domicella, Erichs. in Schomb. Reise n. Guiana, iii. p. 604".
Heliopetes domicella, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 64°.

Alis fuscis, ad basin pilis griseis notatis, fascia lata communi, irregulariter limbata, alba; anticis maculis
quatuor costalibus, serie submarginali et una inter venam medianam et ramum suum secundum, albis ;

posticis serie duplici (exteriore evanescente) alba, ciliis albis fusco interruptis: subtus ut supra, colore
fusco-ochraceo suffusis et posticis ad basin albidis.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Muxioo, Rio Papagaio, Dos Arroyos, Acapulco (HZ. H. Smith).—Souru AMERICA,
from Colombia to Guiana! and Brazil.

The only district within our region where Heliopetes domicella occurs is Western
Mexico, and here Mr. Herbert Smith captured several specimens when collecting in
the State of Guerrero in the months of September and October 1889. ‘hese agree
accurately with our South-American examples, ot which we have a large series from
many places ranging from Colombia to South-eastern and Southern Brazil. Erichson’s
types came from British Guiana, where they were taken by Schomburgk !,

HELIOPETES. 445

2. Heliopetes arsalte. (Tab. XC. fige. 17, 18,19 ¢ .)
Papilio arsalte, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 246°; Syst. Nat. i. p. 7627; Clerck, Icon. Insect. t. 22. £. 2°.
Leucochitonea arsalte, Aurivillius, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. xix. no. 5, p. 58%.
Heliopetes arsalte, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 64°.
Leucochitonea bianca, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1885, p. 37 ?°
Alis albis, nigro marginatis; anticis angulo apicali latiore nigro maculas elongatas includente; posticis ciliis
albis fusco intermixtis, margine interno fusco atomato: subtus albis ; anticis costa ad basin aurantia, ad

apicem venis omnibus nigris; posticis venis omnino fuscis, area juxta venam medianam et ramum suum
primum et area juxta venam internam latiore fuscis ; corpore supra fusco, subtus albo; palpis subtus albis.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), San Blas (W. B. Richardson), Misantla
(f. D.G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Teapa
(H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Corosal (foe); GuatEeMaLa, Choctum, Polochic
and Motagua Valleys (F. D. G. & O. 8.), Cahabon, Panima, Teleman, San Gerénimo
(Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui, Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé), Lion
Hill (M‘Leannan).—Sovurn America generally to Paraguay; JAMarca.

Helicpetes arsalte is one of the commonest of the Hesperiide in the Neotropical
region, being found everywhere throughout the low-lying country up to an elevation
of about 3000 feet. There is little individual variation between specimens from
remote distances, so that no separation into geographical races seems practicable.
Mexican and Central-American specimens have the apex of the primaries, as a rule,
rather darker, so that the subapical band of white spots is more or less isolated
The exceptions are so frequent that no separation of the northern insect is desirable ;
but it is probably to it that Plétz’s name Leucochitonea bianca, described from specimens
from an unknown locality %, is applicable.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in a hook, which is bent downwards
from its base almost to a right angle, the point nearly meeting the well-developed
scaphium: the harpes are cleft at the end so as to form two lobes, the lower of which
is bent inwards and armed along its extremity with a strongly serrate edge; the upper
lobe is shorter and rounded at the end. (See Tab. XC. fig. 19.)

3. Heliopetes petrus.

Brontiades petrus, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schm. p. 1137.

Leucochitonea petrus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1885, p. 38”. -
Urbanus juvenis niveus, Hibu. Sammi. ex. Schm. i. t. 159. ff. 1, 2°.
Leucochitonea laginia, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 48+.

Alis nitide albis ; anticis angulo apicali et margine externo nigricantibus, illo fasciam obliquam maculosam,
interdum obsoletam albam includente; posticis nigro anguste marginatis; ciliis interne albis, externe
nigris: subtus alis ad basin ochraceo lavatis; anticis fascia subapicali multo majore, maculis duabus
inferioribus majoribus; posticis venis et linea angusta marginali nigris, macula ad medium marginis
externi nigra: corpore supra nigricanti-griseo piloso, subtus linea mediana et una utrinque alba longi-
tudinaliter notato; palpis subtus nigris, squamis paucis albis intermixtis.

446 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson).—Souta America, from Colombia to Guiana,
Lower Amazons.

We have only a single specimen of this Heliopetes, agreeing with Hiibner’s figure of
the male of his U. j. niveus®, which he subsequently called Brontiades petrus', the
female being, perhaps, distinct. The male was also named Leucochitonea laginia by
Hewitson*. From South America we have several examples, all from the more
northern parts.

The next species is very closely allied to this ; but H. petrus has no dark spots on the
middle of the under surface of the secondaries, though H. alana varies somewhat in
this respect.

4. Heliopetes alana. (Tab. XC. figg. 20, 21, ¢.)
Pyrgus alana, Reak. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1868, p. 90°.
Leucochitonea adusta, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1885, p. 39?”

H. petro similis, sed alis posticis subtus macula magna infra cellulam, supra ramos medianos, altera ad
medium coste, et duabus marginalibus, una ad angulum apicalem, altera ad medium marginis externi,
fuscis.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba (H. J. Hlwes), Morelia (f. D. G.), Atoyac,
Vera Cruz (ff. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio); Guatemala, Polochic Valley (f. D. G. &
O. S.), Panima, Panzos, San Gerénimo, Zapote (Champion) ; Honpvuras, San Pedro
(G. M. Whitely); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama,.
Volcan de Chiriqui 4000 to 6000 feet (Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Panama (Ribbe, in
mus. Staudinger).—Sovutn AMERIcA generally, from Colombia! and Venezuela to Brazil
and Paraguay.

A much commoner insect than H. petrus, and with a wider range both northwards
into Mexico and southwards as far as Paraguay.

There can be little doubt that Reakirt’s description, based upon specimens from
Insagasuga in Colombia}, refers to this species, and that Plotz’s L. adusta ? also belongs
to it. Of the latter we have a specimen given us by Herr Semper with Plotz’s name
attached to it. It is rather small, and has the subapical band of the primaries very
distinct, but it otherwise agrees in the main with our large series.

The male genitalia do not differ materially from those of H. nivella and H. macaira,
but the lower lobe of the harpes is wider, and the upper smaller and less prominent.

5. Heliopetes nivella, (Tab. XO. figg. 22, 23, 24 3.)
Leucoscirtes nivea, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. 1871, p. 78 (nec Cramer) '.
Leucochitonea nivella, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, p. lv’.
Leucochitonea orbigera, Mab. Le Nat. x. p. 242 (1888) *.
Alis albis, ad basin nigricantibus; anticis costa, apice et margine externo nigris, his albo maculatis, venis

omnibus ad marginem nigris; posticis lineola submarginali nigra, ad termines venarum latiore: subtus
albis; anticis fusco ut in pagina superiore notatis; posticis ad basin nigris, albo indistincte variegatis,

HELIOPETES, 4A7T

cellula omnino alba, margine externo a vena subcostali usque ad venam submedianam fusco (area utrinque
ad venam radialem alba excepta), lunulis tribus albidis submarginalibus notato, ciliis albis ad termines
venarum fuscis ; corpore supra fusco, subtus albo; palpis subtus albis, segmento terminali nigro.

Hab. Mexico, Lake Chapala (W. B. Richardson), Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio,
Acapulco, Rincon, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H.
Smith), Tehuantepec (Scudder!) ; Guatemata (Scudder), San Gerdénimo (Champion) ;
Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger)—Co.LomBia*; Braziu?®.

Having one of Mr. Scudder’s types of his LZ. nivea before us, and specimens of
L. orbigera and L. nivella named by Mons. Mabille from Dr. Staudinger’s collection,
we have no hesitation in referring them to the same species, which would bear
Mr. Scudder’s name, as it has many years’ priority, had not the specific name been
long ago used by Cramer for the species now known as H. arsalte (Linn.), Our
specimens of H. nivella are mostly from Western Mexico, where Mr. Herbert Smith
found it in some numbers; but it is not confined to that district, for we have a few
examples from the State of Vera Cruz and others from Guatemala.

On the upperside H. nivella is not unlike H. macaira, but beneath the secondaries
are much less heavily marked, and in the latter the wide dark border of the secondaries
is, as arule, unbroken. The two species must be closely allied, as there is practically
no difference in their male genitalia. ‘These in 1. nivella show a tegumen ending in a
simple arched rod; the scaphium is well developed; the harpes are cleft at the end,
the lower lobe narrow and curved inwards with a few prominent teeth at the end, the
upper lobe is wide and rounded at its extremity. (See Tab. XC, fig. 24.)

6. Heliopetes macaira.

Pyrgus macaira, Reak. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 334°.

Syrichtus oceanus, W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. ii. p. 213°.

Leucochitonea locutia, Hew. Ex. Butt., Leucochitonea, t. 2. ff. 19, 20 (1875) °; Plotz, Stett. ent.
Zeit. 1885, p. 39%.

Heliopetes locutia, Wats. P. Z. 8. 18938, p. 64°.

Preecedenti similis et alis supra haud distinguendus; subtus posticis omnino saturatioribus, margine externo
fusco integro.

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona ?.—Mexico, Mazatlan (H. Edwards), San Blas (W. B.
Richardson), Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), near Vera Cruz (W. H. Edwards‘),
Jalapa (F. D. G., M. Trujillo), Orizaba (coll. Reakirt +), Cordova (Liimeli), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Polochic Valley (#7. D. G. & O. S.), Chacoj, San Gerénimo,
Duefias, Zapote (Champion); Costa Rica, Caché, San Francisco (Rogers); Panama 4
(Arcé), Taboga I. (G. Mathew *).

There can be little doubt that the names given above all apply to one species, which
must take Reakirt’s title P. macaira, being the oldest. Mr. Edwards’s 8. oceanus was
based upon an Arizona specimen and Hewitson’s on one from Panama. Our series

448 RHOPALOCERA.

nearly extends to both these places, and there is no variation amongst it to justify any
separation. The only question is whether H. nivella is sufficiently distinct from
Hf. macaira, but the much darker secondaries beneath and their dark uninterrupted
margin seem sufficient to distinguish them. The male genitalia offer no tangible
differences.

7. Heliopetes laviana.

Leucochitonea laviana, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 48 (1868) 1; Ex. Butt., Lewcochitonea, t.2. ff. 15, 167;
Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1885, p. 40°

Heliopetes laviana, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 644.

Leucochitonea pastor, R. Feld. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 476°.

Pyrgus leca, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 510°.

Alis cretaceo-albis, ad basin nigricantibus ; anticis apice et margine externo fusco-nigricantibus, illo fascias
duas arcuatas albidas includente, hoc fascia submarginali maculosa notato ; posticis margine externo
stricte fusco, fascia submarginali quoque fusca, lunulas albas includente, ciliis albis: subtus anticis albis,
maculis duabus brunneo-fuscis, una costali, altera apicali, apice et margine externo viridescenti-fuscis,
fusco variegatis ; posticis viridescenti-fuscis, dimidio basali saturatiore, margine suo externo valde sinuoso,
macula in cellula supra segmentum medianum tertium fusca, margine externo lato viridi-fusco, limbo suo
interno recto lineola albida marginato; palpis subtus albis, segmento tertio brevi nigro.

Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Presidio de Mazatlan
(Forrer), Cordova (Riimeli), Lerma (Hedemann®), Coatepec (Brooks), Atoyac (H. H.
Smith), Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, Acapulco, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca
(Fenochio), Valladolid in Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer); Guatemata, Polochic Valley, Central
Valleys (7. D. G. & O. 8.), Duefias (Champion); Nicaragua}, Chontales (Belt).— Soutn
America, from Colombia ® and Venezuela ® to South Brazil ® and Argentina.

Heliopetes laviana appears to have a continuous range from Northern Mexico to
Argentina, being abundant in the low-lying lands up to an elevation of about 3000 or
4000 feet. It has been described from specimens taken at several points of this wide
area. LL. pastor was based upon examples from Mexico, Colombia, and Southern Brazil 5,
P. leca upon a Venezuelan specimen °, whilst Hewitson’s type of L. laviana came from
Nicaragua+. There can be little doubt that all these names apply to the same species,
which must bear Hewitson’s oldest title.

The male genitalia of H. laviana are similar to those of H. nivella, H. macaira, and
other members of the genus.

8. Heliopetes cnemus, sp. n. (Tab. XC. fige. 25, 26.)

Alis albis, basi et marginibus externis late fuscis, his ad apicem indistincte albido maculatis, ciliis albidis :
subtus anticis albidis, maculis duabus, una ad apicem, altera costali juxta eam fuscis ; posticis fusco-albidis,
stria mediana albicante a basi ad marginem externum supra eam macula costali, altera infra cellulam et
margine externo lato fuscis, angulo anali albo ; palpis subtus albis, apice fuscis.

Hab. Mexico, Lake Chapala (W. B. Richardson), Dos Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote,
Acapulco in Guerrero, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

HELIOPETES.—HESPERIA. 449

We have six specimens of this species, all of them apparently females, so that we
cannot with certainty determine its position. From the markings of the underside it
resembles to some extent H. laviana, but may readily be distinguished on the upper-
side by the wide dark outer border to the wings and the large extent of the dark apex
to the primaries.

HESPERIA.

Hesperia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 258 (1793); Scudd. Pr. Am. Ac. Arts & Se. x. p. 187;
Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 64.
Pyrgus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 109; Plétz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu.-Vorp. u. Riig. xv. p. 1.

The genus Hesperia, formerly of wide and indefinite limits, has now been restricted
to the comparatively small group of Hesperiidae of which H. malve is the type. Thus
curtailed it contains forty or fifty species which are scattered over the temperate and
tropical portions of a large portion of the world.

Capt. Watson divides Hesperia into four sections, defining them by the presence or
absence of such male characters as a costal fold to the primaries and a tuft of hair at
the proximal end of the hind tibiz ; this is also Plétz’s arrangement: but these authors
do not always assign the same species to the same section, and we have reason to differ
from both, so that we have been unable to make use of either memoir in our account
of the three species here treated of. These readily fall into three divisions as
follows :—

A. A costal fold and a tuft on the hind tibie. . . ...2.~:. syrichtus.
B. A costal fold but no tuft on the hind tibie . . . . . . . montivaga.
C. No costal fold, no tuft on the hind tibie . . . . . . . .~ notata.

Plétz (loc. cit.) names several other forms from Mexico and Central America,
but we have quite failed to recognize them from his tabular descriptions. They are
albescens (p. 4) from Mexico, insolatrix (p. 4) from Mexico, ajutrix (p. 15) from Mexico,
lycurgus (p. 18) from Central America, varus (p. 20) from Mexico.

The genus Hesperia belongs strictly to the section of the family with the antenne
distinctly blunt and the club well defined. The harpes of the male genitalia are
symmetrical, the reverse being particularly the case in the genus Thanaos.

1. Hesperia syrichtus, (Tab. XC. fig. 27 ¢.)

Papilio syrichtus, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 534'.

Hesperia syrichius, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sc. 1871, p. 73°; Plétz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorp.
u. Riig. v. p. 14°.

Pyrgus syrichius, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 369%.

Papilio orcus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 334. ff. I, K, L’.

Alis fuscis, ad basin dense glauco pilosis ; anticis ciliis fuscis, ad angulum analem albo interruptis, costa ad basin

alba ad apicem punctis albis notata, stria elongata supra venam subcostalem, macula elongata ultra
ramum suum primum, duabus ultra ramum secundum, tribus ultra ramum tertium, quatuor ultra ramum

"BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IL, April 1899. 3M

450 RHOPALOCERA.

quartam, et quatuor venarum discocellularum utrinque, tribus infra venam medianam et ramos suos, duabus
in cellula omnibus albis, exterioribus fascias duas maculosas formantibus exteriore punctorum minorum
composita ; posticis ciliis albis, fasciis tribus maculosis externo punctorum parvorum composita interna
fascia lata formante: subtus anticis fere ut supra, area interna pallida; posticis pallide fuscis, lineolis
nigris valde irregularibus et interruptis transfasciatis, punctis duobus ad cost basin, area ultra cellulam
et supra eam et area interna albidis ; palpis subtus albis, segmento terminali nigro.

9. Alis fuscis sicut in mare maculatis, maculis omnibus minoribus.

Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Mazatlan (H. Edwards,
Forrer), near Durango city (Becker), San Blas and Sierra Madre de Tepic (W. B. Rich-
ardson), Jalisco (Schumann), Omilteme, La Venta, Rincon, Tierra Colorada, Acapulco,
Rio Papagaio, Dos Arroyos, all in Guerrero, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca
(Fenochio), Tehuantepec (Scudder ?), Tampico (W. B. Richardson), Jalapa, Misantla,
Vera Cruz (fF. D. G.), Cordova (Réimeli), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith), Tabi in Yucatan (F/. D. G.), Valladolid (G. F. Gaumer); Guatemaua
(Scudder?), Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson), Zapote (Champion), Pacific
coast, Duefias (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Guatemala city, San Gerénimo (Champion), Polochic
Valley, Choctum (f. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras, San Pedro (G. M. Whitely) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson), Matagalpa (Kichardson); Costa Rica (Van
Patten *), Caché, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui ( Champion), Veracuas,
Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (/‘Leannan).—Sovutu America generally, from Colombia to
Paraguay and Entre Rios.

H. syrichtus is the commonest and most widely ranging species of Hesperia in South
America, being equally common and diffuse in Central America and Mexico, in the
latter country reaching to the frontier States, but not passing beyond into United
States territory. In altitude it is found from the sea-level to a height of 7000 or 8000
feet in the mountains.

Though much like the next species (Hl. montivaga) in general appearance, it may
be distinguished by the marginal row of spots being distinct and not obsolete, and the
base of the wing being covered with greyish-white hairs. The primaries have a distinct
costal fold in the male, as in H. montivaga, and the hind tibie a tuft of hairs at the
proximal end which is absent in the other species.

The male genitalia have the tegumen ending in two blunt points, which are not
depressed or hooked; the scaphium is very short, but well developed and serrate at
the end: the harpes have a rounded end, the dorsal edge of which is produced back-
wards in a curve, has a strongly serrate edge, and ends in a separate rod; on the
inner side of the ventral edge is a lobe carrying a few strong spines. (See

Tab. XC. fig. 27.)

2. Hesperia montivaga. (Tab. XC. figg. 28, 29, 30 g .)
Pyrgus montivagus, Reak. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 334°.
Hesperia tessellata, Scudd. Rep. Peab. Ac. Se, 1871. 0.73’.

HESPERIA. 451

H, syrichto similis, alis ad basin multo fuscescentioribus, pilis griseis vix vestitis, serie marginali macularum
evanescente, vix obvia ; anticis plica costali obvia; tibiis posticis haud penicillo instructis.

Hab. Nortn America, Western States, Arizona.—Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua
(Buchan-Hepburn), near Durango city (Becker), Aguas Calientes (Ff. G. D.), Puebla,
Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Lake Chapada (W. B. Richardson), Morelia, Patzcuaro, Misantla
(fF. D. G.), Cordova (fiimeli), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ; Nicaraava, Matagalpa
(Richardson).

Reakirt’s description! of this species was based upon specimens from Colorado and
from “near Vera Cruz” in Mexico. Mr. Scudder? gives his H. tessellata a wide range
over the Eastern States of North America, as well as California. There can be little
doubt that the two names refer to the same species, for though neither author mentions
the male characters of the costal fold and the absence of the brush of hairs on the
proximal end of the hind tibiz, both refer to the evanescent character of the marginal
row of white spots, as compared with their greater size in H. syrichtus.

Plotz and others place the name H. montivega as a synonym of H. syrichtus, but
_they can hardly be correct, for, apart from the difference, pointed out above, of the size
of the submarginal row of spots, the distribution of the two species is very different—
H. montivaga being a northern insect not passing beyond the limits of Nicaragua,
while H. syrichtus is essentially a southern one and does not enter the States at all.
The difference of the male genitalia seems conclusive as to the specific distinction
of the two forms.

The range of H. montivaga in Mexico is very general, and extends from the northern

frontier States to Vera Cruz and Yucatan.
- The male genitalia differ from those of H. syrichtus in the harpes having a long
narrow rod starting backwards from the dorsal edge of the terminal lobe and reaching
nearly to the base; the scaphium projects further, but is less strongly developed and
rounded, not serrated at the end. (See Tab. XC. fig. 30.)

3. Hesperia notata. (Tab. XC. figg. 31, 32 ¢.)
Syrichtus notatus, Blanch. in Gay’s Fauna Chil. vii. p. 45°.

H, montivage persimilis, et alis fere eodem modo picturatis, fascia mediana alba posticarum forsan angustiore
et minus sinuata; mare nec anticis plica costali nulla, neque tibiis posticis penicillo instructis.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Morrer), La Venta, Acaguizotla, Rio Papagaio, Dos
Arroyos, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (f. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. ilwes),
Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H, Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Britisu
Honpuras, Corosal (foe); Guaremana, Volcan de Santa Maria (W. B. Richardson),
Zapote (Champion), Duefias (Ff. D. G. & O. S., Champion), San Gerénimo, Chisoy Valley,
Choctum (F. D. G. & O..S.) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Honpuras, San Pedro
(G. M. Whitely); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Trazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Lion Hill
(M‘Leannan).—Sovutu America generally, from Colombia to Argentina.

3M 2

452 RHOPALOCERA.

H. notata, like H. syrichtus, is a common South-American insect, and has a similar
range in Central America and Mexico, reaching in the latter country as far north as
Mazatlan.

Though exceedingly like H. montivaga, this species seems to differ by its narrower,
more regular band on the secondaries. As in that insect, the hind tibie of the male
have no tuft of hairs at the proximal end, but HA. notata is also destitute of a costal
fold to the primaries,

The male genitalia resemble those of H. montivaga.

CELOTES, gen. nov.

It is obvious that Pholisora nessus of Edwards cannot be retained in that genus (the
type of which is Papilio catullus, Fabr.); and as it differs from all the other known
genera of Hesperiinee we are compelled to propose a new name for it. Watson was
apparently unacquainted with the insect.

The antenne have a rather slender club, drawn out into a somewhat blunt point ;
the primaries have a distinct costal fold; the discocellulars are nearly transverse, the
upper one is short, the middle and lower are about equal in length and each is twice
as long as the upper. The palpi are moderately long, with the terminal joint depressed.
The hind tibize have two pairs of spurs and in the male there is a strong tibial tuft.
The male genitalia have a short tegumen terminating in two blunt points; the harpes
are almost symmetrical; the scaphium is long, slender, and curved upwards, and is
pointed at the tip. (See Tab. XCT. fig. 29.)

P. nessus in its general appearance resembles the members of the genus Carcharodes,
Hubn., as defined by Watson, the type of which is C. lavatere (Esp.). It differs from
that genus in having a longer and more slender club to the antennee, and in the presence
of a strong tibial tuft to the hind legs in the male. There is no tuft of hairs on the
inner margin of the primaries of the male beneath as in C. lavatere and its allies.

Mr. Skinner, in his ‘ Catalogue of North-American Rhopalocera,’ places this species
in Pyrgus.

1. Celotes nessus. (Tab. XCI. figg. 27, 28 9; 29 ¢.)

Pholisora nessus, W. H. Edwards, Canad. Ent. ix. p. 1927.

Spilothyrus notabilis, Streck. Lep. Rhop. pt. 14, p. 131 (1877) ”.

Alis fuscis, lineis interruptis radiantibus ad marginem externum (ciliis includentibus) extendentibus
pallidioribus ; anticis punctis transversis minutis ad coste mediam, alteris apicem propioribus, duobus ad
cellule finem literam U formantibus; posticis quoque punctis tribus, aut quatuor, in dimidio externo
hyalinis : subtus pallidioribus, lineis radiantibus magis distinctis.

2 mari similis.

“i 12 ; : °
. Hab. NortH America, Texas! ?.—Muxico, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Durango
city (Lecker).

CELOTES.—CHIOMARA. 453

We have received three specimens of this species from Mexico and a similar number
from Texas; these latter were sent us by Mr. Strecker.

Celotes nessus has a very different appearance from all other Central-American species
of Hesperiide we are acquainted with, from its alternately light and dark radiating
lines on both wings, extending from their base to the outer margins, and also by the
presence of small hyaline spots scattered over their surface. The outer margin of the
secondaries is crenulated.

CHIOMARA, gen. nov.

Achlyodes mithrax, Méschl., clearly belongs to the section of Hesperiine having
blunt antenne as in true Hesperia, and for this insect we propose the name Chiomara,
and associate with it Thanaos gesta, Herr.-Sch., and Papilio asychis, Cram. Neither
of the latter is quite congeneric, as in both the terminal joint of the palpi is longer
than in C. mithrax. C. gesta resembles C. mithragx in its dark coloration, but the palpi
have a longer terminal joint. C. asychis differs in coloration as well as in having
rather longer palpi. The last-named species was placed in Ephyriades by Plotz, and
in Hesperia by Watson. Though close to the last-mentioned genus, it differs in
several points, such as the total absence of a costal fold in the male, so that it had
best be kept apart.

As common characters all these species have rather short hollow wings, the primaries
of the male have no costal fold, the tibiz carry a distinct tuft, and the harpes of the
- male genitalia are unsymmetrical, but not so much as in Thanaos.

1. Chiomara asychis. (Tab. XCI. figg. 1, 2,3 ¢.)
Papilio asychis, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 334. ff. E, F?.
Ephyriades asychis, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. f. Nat. xxxvii. p. 4.
Hesperia asychis, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 65°.
Achlyodes asychis, Staud. Ex. Schmett. p. 302, t. 100‘.

Alis fuscis, purpureo vix tinctis, ciliis albidis, fusco interruptis; anticis plaga magna mediana valde irregulari
albida squamis pallide fuscis irregulariter obscurata, plaga quoque ad basin albida fusco squamata, maculis
duabus ad apicem albis, margine externo lunulis indistinctis lineaque submarginali albis notato ; posticis
plaga magna mediana irregulari alba, extra eam maculis albidis et punctis submarginalibus notatis :
subtus albis, marginibus externis et costa anticarum fusco variegatis ; palpis albis, segmento terminali
nigro.

Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Suchan-Hepburn), Ventanas (forrer), San
Blas, Jalisco (W. B. Richardson), Rincon, Tepetlapa, Dos Arroyos, and Tierra Colorada,
all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Yucatan (Mus.
Staudinger) ; Guatemaa, San Gerénimo (fF. D. G. & O.8., Champion), Polochic Valley
(Ff. D. G. & O. 8.), Cubuleo (Champion); Honpuras (Dyson); Costa Rica, Caché,
Irazu (fogers); Panama, Bugaba, David (Champion), Calobre (Arcé), Chiriqui 4.—
SoutH America generally, from Colombia and Guiana to Argentina; ANTILLES!.

454 RHOPALOCERA.

A common species throughout the lowands of Mexico and Central America up to an
elevation of about 3000 feet. In South America it extends over the whole of the
tropical portion and as far south as Cordova in Argentina, where the late F. W. White
obtained specimens.

The Hesperids collected by Mr. H. H. Smith in the West Indian Islands of St. Vincent,
Grenadines, and Grenada, and referred by us to this species (P. Z. S. 1896, p. 520),
differ to some extent from the continental form. The St. Vincent specimens are much
darker and have distinct spots over the outer portion of the wings beneath. Those
from the Grenadines and Grenada are intermediate.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in two divergent points. The harpes are
widely cleft at the end, dividing each into two lobes: the upper lobe of the left harpe
is short and acute at the upper terminal corner, the lower edge being rounded, the
lower lobe longer and somewhat spatulate: the right harpe has the upper lobe
ending in a thickened edge, from which proceed long hairs; the dorsal edge of the
lower lobe is serrate towards the end. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 3.)

2. Chiomara mithrax. (Jab. XCI. figg. 4, 5,6 3.)
Achlyodes mithrax, Méschl. Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p- 225".

Alis nigricanti-brunneis, purpureo tinctis; anticis margine externo et fascia discali maculosa ad costam
extendente saturate rufis, hac ad costam velutino-nigro maculata, fascia altera ad basin rufa velutino-
nigro sex-maculata; posticis fasciis quatuor rufescentibus notatis, una basali, secunda per cellulam, tertia
discali, quarta submarginali: subtus saturate purpureo-fuscis ; anticis ad angulum analem et margine
externo pallidiore rufescente ; posticis dimidio distali fasciis tribus pallidis indistincte transfasciatis ;
palpis subtus fuscis, articulo terminali brevi nigro.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Rincon, Dos Arroyos, Chilpancingo, La Venta, and

Acaguizotla, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatumaa, Polochic and Chisoy Valleys

(Ff. D. G. & O. 8.).—Cotomsia! and Soura AMERICA generally to Brazil; CuBa.

The peculiar dark velvety markings on the primaries of this species render it readily
distinguishable, but in general coloration the insect much resembles several species
of the genus Achlyodes. The blunt antenne seem to remove it from that group of the
family and to justify its being placed here.

All our Mexican specimens were captured by Mr. Smith in the State of Guerrero,
where the species would appear to be common. In Guatemala we only found it in
the valleys of the interior at an elevation of about 3000 feet. No specimens have
reached us from any other part of Central America, but in Colombia, whence Moschler’s
types were obtained, it is found, and in many other parts of South America also.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in two strong depressed hooks, and at
their base arises a somewhat spatule-shaped lobe from the middle line. The harpes are
unsymmetrical: the left harpe is truncate, with a stroug thorn-like tooth rising from
‘the dorsal edge near the end; the right harpe has a similar tooth, but in addition a lobe

on the dorsal edge, broad at the base and with a blunt point directed backwards.
(See Tab, XCI. fig. 6.)

CHIOMARA.—THANAOS, 455

3. Chiomara gesta. (Tab. XCI. figg. 7, 8,9 ¢.)
Thanaos gesta, Herr.-Sch. Corr.-Blatt Regensb. xvii. p. 1427.
Thanaos invisus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 114°; P. Z. S. 1874, p. 369°.

Alis fuscis ; anticis ad basin obscure variegatis, squamis paucis albidis intermixtis, macula obliqua pallida ad
cellule finem, area discali linea lata tranversa squamis albidis composita, altera submarginali pallide
fusca: subtus fere omnino unicoloribus fuscis; palpis subtus fuscis, griseo intermixtis.

Hab. Muxico, Mazatlan, San Blas (G. Mathew), Jalisco (Schumann), Acapulco, Rio
Papagaio, Rincon, Hacienda de la Imagen, Acaguizotla, Tierra Colorada, Dos Arroyos,
all in Guerrero, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli), San Lorenzo near
Cordova (M. Trujillo), Rinconada, Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H.
Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); GuatemaLa, Volcan de Sarita Maria (W. B.
Richardson), San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. & O. 8&., Champion), Panima (Champion) ;
Hownvuras (Dyson, Wittkugel); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Costa Rica (Van

' Patten? ?), Caché, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Souta America, from
Colombia to South Brazil; Cupa!; Jamatca.

A very common widely ranging species, found over the greater part of our country
and the tropical portion of the continent of South America. In altitude it reaches
from the sea-level to about 3000 or 4000 feet in the mountains of Mexico and
Guatemala.

Herrich-Schaffer’s description was taken from a Cuban specimen, and we have an
example from that island which does not differ materially from a large series from the
continent, amongst which are specimens named by M. Mabille and Dr. Staudinger, no
doubt from the type. Zhanaos invisus, Butl. and Druce, was based upon a Costa Rica
insect which is before us and agrees with the rest of our series.

The male genitalia have a tegumen ending in two divergent depressed points, and
from the base two more hooks arise one on either side ; the scaphium is well developed
and granular ; the harpes are divided into three lobes, the lower straight and elongated,
the middle one much shorter and slightly turned downwards, the upper erect and
rounded and bearing a number of stiff spines. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 9.)

THANAOS.

Thanaos, Boisduval, Icon. Hist. des Lép. p. 240 (1832) ; Scudder, Butt. N. Engl. ii. p. 1445 ;
. Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 69. .

A complete monograph of this genus is much needed, as until such a work has
been elaborated it is scarcely possible to give a satisfactory account of a few species
such as occur within our region chiefly along its northern border.

In 1870 Mr. S. H. Scudder and Mr. KE. Burgess wrote a paper “ On Asymmetry in
the Appendages of Hexapod Insects, especially as illustrated in the Lepidopterous
Genus Mieoiades” (Proc. Bost. Soo. N. A. xiii. pp. 282-306), in which a number of

456 RHOPALOCERA.

new species of North-American Thanaos (= Misoniades) were described, the characters
being derived solely from the structure of the male anal appendages. These were
arranged into eight groups, which included all the North-American species known to
the authors. Several of these species were subsequently described by J. A. Lintner
in the Thirtieth Annual Report of the State Museum of New York, pp. 172-178
(Article IX. “On some Species of Misoniades”), and in Mr. Scudder’s ‘ Butterflies of
the Eastern United States and Canada’ (1889).

Thanks to our American friends, and especially to Mr. Scudder, we have seen a fair
series of named specimens of most of the North-American species, and by dissecting a
number of males we have been able to compare our preparations with the figures of
Scudder and Burgess’s paper, and so far verify the names. Others have reached us
from the late H. K. Morrison’s collections, and the names on these we have tested as
far as possible.

Thanaos is a well-marked genus belonging to the section with curved blunt antenna,
and a very distinct fold on the costa of the primaries of the male. The type of the
genus is the European T. tages (Linn.), but by far the majority of the species are
found in North America. A few occur in South America, where some of them
are widely distributed. The asymmetry of the secondary male genitalia is very
pronounced in most of the species, but this character is not shown in others. The
latter it may be found necessary to separate. As pointed out by Messrs. Scudder
and Burgess, it seems impossible to separate many of the species of this genus without
examining the genitalia of the males, as there is no apparent external difference
either in their markings or in the shape of their wings; but as these characters are
constant over certain areas we have somewhat reluctantly been compelled to follow
these authors by recognizing them as of specific value. The genus Staphylus affords a
parallel case.

Alas posticis ciliis albis.

1. Thanaos funeralis. (Tab. XCI. figg. 10, 11,12 ¢ ; 13,14 @.)

Nisoniades funeralis, Scudder & Burgess, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xiii. p. 298, fig. 7; Lintner,
Thirtieth Rep. State Mus. N. Y. p. 173°; Papilio, iv. p. 144°.

Nisoniades australis, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii. p. liv *.

Alis nigro-fuscis; anticis indistincte fusco marmoratis, punctis minutis quatuor obliquis a costa prope apicem
extendentibus, duobus (nonnunquam uno) ultra cellulam hyalinis; posticis ciliis albidis: subtus alis
pallidioribus.

¢. Mari similis, sed alis anticis fuscescentioribus, punctis hyalinis magis conspicuis.

Hab. Nortu America, California ?°, Arizona, Texas ! 23.—Mexico, Ciudad in Durango
(Forrer), Lake Chapala (Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann), Tierra Colorada, Acapulco,
Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimeli);
GuaTEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (fichardson), Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.),

San Gerénimo (Champion).—CoLomBta 4.

wit

THANAOS. 457

Mr. Strecker sent us some time ago two named specimens of 7. funeralis from
Texas, which agree very well with a long series of insects in our collection from
Mexico, and we have recently received from Mr. Scudder a typical example of the
same species for examination; with these we also associate some examples from
Guatemala. 7. funeralis appears to be rather larger than its other Central-American
allies: the primaries are pointed, and it has the snow-white fringe of the secondaries
extending to the apex; the costal fold in the male is strong. The insect is peculiarly
sombre in appearance, being of a nearly uniform fuscous colour: it has a pale patch
on the primaries beyond the cell, which is more apparent in the female; this character
is not so marked in other members of the genus.

We have made several dissections of the male genitalia and find our specimens agree
with Scudder and Burgess’s figures of 7. funeralis.

The tegumen has two short hooks curved downwards at the points: the left harpe
is long and slightly sinuous, and the projection on its upper edge varies somewhat in
form. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 12.)

2. Thanaos tristis, (Tab. XCI. fig. 15 ¢.)

Thanaos tristis, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 311°.

Nisoniades tristis, Scudder & Burgess, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xi. p. 3038, fig. 15°; Lintner,
Thirtieth Rep. State Mus. N. Y. p. 174°.

T. funerali quoad colores similis, structura maris partium genitalium tantum distinguendus.

Hab. Nortu America, California +??,—Mexico, Durango city (Becker).

We refer a single female from Durango somewhat doubtfully to this species. It
agrees exactly with other specimens of the same sex from California in our collection.
T. tristis is very like 7. funeralis, but has less pointed primaries, and the male genitalia
are differently formed, as may be seen by a comparison of our figures (see Tab. XCI.
fig. 15). As we do not possess a male of 7’. tristis from our region we have figured a
Californian example.

3. Thanaos mestus, sp.n. (Tab. XCI. fig. 18 ¢.)

T. funerali quoad colores similis, structura maris partium genitalium tantum distinguendus.

Hab. Norta America, Arizona.—MeExico, Pinal, Puebla (Pf. D. G. & H. J. Elwes).

The seven specimens we possess of this species from Puebla we had at first referred
to T. tristis, Boisduval, but on dissecting two males we found the genitalia so different
from those of that insect as figured by Scudder and Burgess, and also from those of a
Californian specimen of our own, that we are compelled to separate it. With these
we also associate three males received from Fort Grant, Arizona, from Morrison, one
of which we have dissected.

The tegumen terminates in two short hooks: the right harpe has its distal portion
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IL., June 1899. 3N

458 RHOPALOCERA.

long and stout, and obliquely truncate at the end, it is armed on the upper edge at the
base with a sharp tooth; the left harpe has its distal portion moderately long and
abruptly narrowed from about the middle, it is furnished on the upper edge at the apex
with some sharp teeth, and at the base of the distal portion it has a short longitudinal
lobe serrated on its upper edge. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 18.)

4. Thanaos pacuvius. (Tab. XCI. figg. 16,17 3.)
Nisoniades pacuvius, Lintner, Thirtieth Rep. State Mus. N. Y. p. 172 (1877)’.

LP. funerali quoad colores alarum similis, sed minor, et alis forsan grisescentioribus, posticis ciliis albis ad
apicem haud extendentibus, structura maris partium genitalium omnino differt.

Hab. Nortu America, New Mexico!.—Mextco, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Bolatios
in Jalisco (ichardson), Omilteme, Xucumanatlan (H. H. Smith).

We refer nine specimens in our collection from Northern, and six from Western
Mexico somewhat doubtfully to this species. It was described by Lintner from a
single male example from New Mexico, some years later than the publication of
Scudder and Burgess’s paper. The male genitalia are quite different in form from those
of any species of the genus figured by these last-mentioned authors.

L’. pacuvius is smaller than 7. funeralis, and has the primaries less pointed and the
white fringe of the secondaries barely reaching to the apex.

Three males have been dissected.

‘The tegumen terminates in two short hooks: the right harpe is long, tapering, and
ciliate; the left harpe is shorter than the right and bears very long fine hairs towards
its end, it is rounded at the apex and on its upper edge has an erect dentate lobe some
distance before the end. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 17.)

5. Thanaos albomarginatus, sp. n. (Tab. XCI. figg. 19, 20, 21 3; 22
23 2.)
NMisoniades tristis, Staud. Ex. Schmett. p. 302, t. 100* (nec Boisd.).
T. funerali quoque similis, sed posticis subtus albo-marginatis et ciliis albis longioribus facile distinguendus.
Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli); Guatemata!, Chisoy Valley (7. D. G. & O. S.),
San Geronimo (Champion, F. D. G. & O.8.); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu (Rogers) ;
PanaMa, Chiriqui! (ex Staudinger), Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé).—CoLomBi1a }.

| T. albomarginatus is distinguished from all the other Central-American species of
this genus by the white fringe of the secondaries being broader and not extending to
the apex, the outer margin also of the secondaries beneath is white.

We have examined the genitalia of four male specimens: the right harpe has the
distal portion stout, moderately long, and obliquely truncate at the end; the left harpe
has the distal half long and narrow, slightly tapering at the tip, and from its base.
arises a short curved dentate process. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 21.)

THANAOS.—THEAGENES. 459
Alis posticis ciliis griseis.
6. Thanaos afranius. (Tab. XCI. figg. 24, 25, 26 3.)
Nisoniades afranius, Lintner, Thirtieth Rep. State Mus. N. Y. p. 175°.

Alis nigro-fuscis, anticis griseo marmoratis, punctis minutis quatuor obliquis prope apicem a costa
extendentibus, et una ultra cellulam, hyalinis ; posticis ciliis griseis: subtus alis pallidioribus.

Hab. Norta America, Colorado !, Arizona.—Mextico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

We have received two specimens of a Thanaos from Morrison from Northern Sonora
under this name, agreeing with others in our collection from Colorado and Fort Grant,
Arizona, which we refer with some doubt to 7. afranius. This is the only species
known to us from within our limits that has not a pure white fringe to the secondaries,
and it appears to only just enter Mexico on its northern boundaries. We have
dissected two males, one from Colorado and one from Sonora.

The genitalia are extremely like those of 7. persius, described originally from
New England. Possibly 7. perstus and T. afranius belong to the same species.
Mr. Scudder has kindly sent us a specimen of the former for examination.

The tegumen has at its extremity a pair of long curved hooks: the right harpe
terminates in a long and slender piece; the left ends similarly, but bears a curved
projection on the upper edge some distance from the apex. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 26.)

THEAGENES (p. 428).

The following species were accidentally omitted when dealing with this genus.
They agree with 7. egiades and 7. albiplaga in having a costal fold and porrect palpi,
and in the general form of the wings, except that the secondaries have a dentate
margin. The harpes, however, are almost symmetrical.

Helias noctua and H. hematospila, Felder, of Tropical South America are allied

forms.

| 2. Theagenes lactifera. (Tab. XCI. figg. 30, 31, 382 ¢.)
Helias lactifera, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 115°.

Alis saturate brunneo-fuscis, anticis maculis irregulariter nigricantibus, punctis elongatis duobus aut tribus in
linea obliqua subapicalibus, hyalinis; posticis fascia transversa pilis griseis tecta, marginem internum versus
latiore, albida: subtus brunneis; anticis fascia valde irregulari ultra cellulam fulvescente, maculis ferrugineis

frequenter irroratis.
Q mari similis, sed supra posticis fascia albida latiore : subtus alis obscurioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Soledad (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (Schumann), Misantla (F. D. G.),
Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli) ; Guaremata, Choctum, Polochic Valley, San
Gerénimo (F. D. G. & O. 8.), Chilasco, Panima (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales
(Belt); Cosra Rica (Van Patten), Caché, R. Sucio, San Francisco (Rogers); Panama,

Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé).

460 RHOPALOCERA.

Messrs. Butler and Druce described this species from a single female example
sent by Van Patten from Costa Rica, and we have since received a considerable series
of it from various localities ranging from Mexico to Panama. In Colombia and
Venezuela its place appears to be taken by Helias noctua, described and figured
by Felder in the Voyage of the ‘Novara.’ H. noctwa, however, may readily be
distinguished by the inner margins of the secondaries beneath being marked with
greyish-white.

The male genitalia have a long slender tapering tegumen, which is curved downwards
and is blunt at the tip: the harpes are short and broad, divided into two overlapping
lobes of nearly equal width; they are formed almost exactly as in 7. noctwa. (See
Tab. XCI. fig. 32.)

3. Theagenes stator, sp.n. (Tab. XCI. figg. 33, 34, 35 ¢.)
Alis griseo-fuscis, maculis velutinis nigris marmoratis ; anticis punctis duobus in costa subapicalibus hyalinis :
subtus fuscis, anticis maculis parvis ad apicem, posticis preesertim in dimidio distali rufo-fulvis.
® mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith), Misantla (F. D. G.), Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba
(H. H. Smith & F. D. G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith & Schumann), Fortin, Teapa (7. H.
Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan ( Gaumer); GUATEMALA, Forests of Northern Vera Paz,
Chisoy Valley, Polochic Valley, San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Cahabon, Panima,
Chilasco, Duefias (Champion) ; Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt) ; Panama, Chiriqui, Veraguas
(Arcé).— Prrv.

We have several specimens in our collection from Colombia and Venezuela agreeing
with Felder’s 7. hematospila as figured in the Voyage of the ‘ Novara,’ and we had
placed our Central-American insects, of which we have upwards of thirty, with them.
On a closer examination, however, we find that the red spots on the apex of the
primaries and on the secondaries beneath, of the Venezuelan and Colombian insects,
are so much larger and brighter in colour that there is no difficulty in distinguishing
the two forms. Moreover, the costal fold on the primaries of the males, which, though
small in 7. stator, is always present, appears to be absent in all our examples of
L. hematospila. We also notice that the outer margin of the secondaries is more
dentate in 7. stator. The genitalia of the two species are nevertheless almost exactly
alike, thereby showing their close relationship. Hence we think our Central-American
insect requires the distinguishing name we have bestowed upon it.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us two male specimens from Peru which have small
spots on the underside and likewise a distinct costal fold, and we therefore associate
them with 7. stator.

In the British Museum there are two examples under the name of 7. hematospila,
one with large red spots, the other with small spots and similar in marking to 7. stator,
both said to have been procured by Dyson in Venezuela. The Hewitson collection

THEAGENES., 461

includes two of the large-spotted form, and without a costal fold, from Ecuador, but
unfortunately there is no precise locality indicated.

The male genitalia are very similar to those of 7. lactifera, but the inner portion
of the upper lobe of the right harpe is narrower and longer compared with that of
f. stator or T. hematospila; the inner portion of the lower lobe of the right harpe is
much shorter and differently shaped. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 35.)

Subfam. PAMPHILINA*.
Pamphiline, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1898, pp. 9, 69.

The chief characters of this subfamily, as given by Watson, were noticed on pp. 244, 245
It must be observed, however, that his work on the American Pamphiline was perforce
very hurried and incomplete, on account of the limited time remaining at his disposal
before leaving England for foreign service. No attempt was made by him to deal with
the Pamphiline as a whole, not even of those in the British Museum. Descriptions of
a certain number of genera, for which Hiibnerian and other names were available, were
given, and a type mentioned, but little more. We are therefore correct in stating that
no serious attempt has hitherto been made to deal with the Tropical-American members
of this subfamily, and our work here is, of course, almost entirely limited to the insects
inhabiting the region at present under investigation. After a prolonged study of our
abundant material, we have quite failed to find any satisfactory method of grouping
the very numerous species into genera by the neuration of the wings alone. We have
therefore been compelled to place a considerable amount of reliance upon the form and
position of the brand on the primaries, when present, in the males, as, indeed, has already
been done by Scudder and Watson, for generic separation. This secondary sexual
character has helped us to group many species, and their real affinity has often been
proved by a similarity of structure of the male genitalia, when examined. In three or
four genera, Calpodes, &c., the cell of the primaries is fully two-thirds the length of the
costa. The lower radial nervure of these wings is nearly always depressed at its point
of origin, except in some few genera belonging to Groups I., II.,and VIL., in which the
discocellulars are nearly equal and also more transverse than usual. The brands, it
must be noted, are sometimes covered by the larger scales, and cannot always be
properly seen till these are removed. We intend to figure, where necessary, the fore
wing denuded of scales, to show the exact shape and position of these brands, this
character being of paramount importance for the identification of many closely allied
similarly-coloured species. The hind tibiw, except in three genera only, have two
pairs of spurs. The form of the male genitalia has helped us to separate many obscure
species, as well as to identify various worn specimens, and we have, as in the Hesperiine,

* At Mr. Salvin’s death we had almost finished our enumeration of the Hesperiinz, but had done very little
jointly with the Pamphilinw ; the latter will now be completed by myself.—F. D. G.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., June 1900. 30

462 RHOPALOCERA.

dissected (and photographed) one or more examples of each of the species for figuring.
Watson adopted ninety-eight genera of this subfamily (leaving twenty-six unidentified),
though only one new genus was proposed by him for American forms, to include about
384 species. An equally large number are required for the Central-American species,
about 240 of which are known to us, very many of them being isolated forms. The
genera here enumerated include altogether about 100 species in addition to those
occurring within our limits. As Watson referred nearly the whole of the American
Pamphiline to one group, B, his scheme of arrangement of the genera will not help us
much, though we have followed him in placing the species with short antenne first,
the largest and most conspicuous forms, most of which have very long antenne, thus
coming last. We have, for convenience, arranged the Central-American Pamphilinee
into eight groups, based chiefly on the structure of the antenne and palpi; but it must
be observed that they are of very unequal extent, and that groups VI.-VIII., which
include by far the greater number of species, are connected by intermediate forms.

{. Antenne with an arcuate, gradually acuminate club; terminal joint of the palpi moderately
long, porrect ; primaries of the male without a brand.
This group includes Butleria and Pamphila, the first mentioned having two pairs of spurs to the
hind tibie, the latter a single pair only. It corresponds, as regards the American genera, to
‘Watson’s section A, less Amblyscirtes, which belongs to our group VI.

IT. Antenne very short, with a straight, or slightly curved, blunt club ; terminal joint of the palpi
long and erect ; hind tibie with two pairs of spurs.

This group includes Apaustus, Oarisma, Adopeoides (type, Ancyloxypha simplex, Feld.), Ancy-

loxypha, and Copeodes, the last-mentioned genus alone having a brand on the primaries in the male.

III. Antennz very short, with a stout, slightly pointed club; terminal joint of the palpi short ;
primaries of the male branded ; hind tibie with two pairs of spurs.
This group includes Cherephon (type, Pamphila citrus, Mab.), Hylephila, and Erynnis.

IV. Antenne short, with a stout club, terminating in a short crook; terminal joint of the palpi
short ; hind tibiee with two pairs of spurs; primaries of the male with a greatly developed
brand.

This group includes Atalopedes, Thymelicus, Catia (type, Hesperia druryi, Latr.), Ochlodes,
and Augiades.

V. Antenne short, with a rather slender club, terminating in a short crook ; terminal joint of the

palpi short ; hind tibie with a single pair of spurs; primaries of the male without a brand.
This group includes a single genus only, Zariaspes (type, Urbanus mys, Hibn.).

VI. Antenne short, with a stout or moderately stout club, terminating in a short crook; terminal
joint of the palpi short or moderately short*; hind tibie with two pairs of spurs; primaries
of the male with or without a brand, the latter, when present, moderately developed or
inconspicuous.

Numerous genera belong here, as Phycanassa, Atrytone, Lerodea, Amblyscirtes, Stomyles, &c.

* Longer in some species of Stomyles.

- BUTLERIA. 463.

In certain species of Atrytone and Paratrytone the costa of the secondaries is clothed at the base

with long projecting hairs, which have somewhat the appearance of a frenulum.

VII. Antenne moderately long *, with a long crook ; hind tibie with two pairs of spurs; primaries
of the male with or without a brand.

This group includes the great majority of the American Pamphiline. For convenience, it may be
divided into two sections: (A) Terminal joint of the palpi short or moderately short; (B) Terminal
Joint of the palpi long and erect, quite slender in some of the genera, stouter in others. Section A
includes Calpodes, Prenes, Aides, Niconiades, Cobalus, Phemiades, Lerema, Phlebodes, Padraona,.
Carystus, Celiades, and many others; section B, Cymenes, Callimormus, &c. In some of the
genera of this group the discocellulars of the primaries are subequal in length, as in Bufleria,
Pamphila, &c.

VIII. Antenne very long +, usually at least two-thirds the length of the costa, with an elongate
club, terminating in a very long crook; terminal joint of the palpi short (except in Falga) ;
primaries of the male with or without a brand.

This group includes a variety of forms, some with slender bodies, as Falga and Enosis, others
with a robust body, as Thracides, Talides, Perichares, &c. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs,
except in the genus Carystoides (type, Hesperia basochesi, Latr.), which has one pair only. In one
genus, Orses (type, Hesperia cynisca, Swains.), the neuration of the primaries, as well as the system
of coloration, is different in the two sexes. The largest and most conspicuous representatives of
the Tropical-American Pamphiline belong here; some of them closely resemble various species
of the subfamily Pyrrhopygine.

I, Antenne with an arcuate, gradually acuminate club; terminal joint of the palpi
moderately long, porrect; primaries of the male without a brand.

A. Posterior tibize with two pairs of spurs.

BUTLERIA.
Butleria, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 624 (1871); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 79.

Watson includes numerous American species under Butleria, and gives B. valdivianus
(Phil.) as the type. Amongst these there is considerable variation in the length of
the terminal joint of the palpi, which is long in B. valdivianus, and short and stout in
B. epiphaneus, Feld., but between these there are intermediate forms.

The antenne are rather short, and have a moderately stout, arcuate, acuminate club.
The primaries have the costa arched at the base and then straight to the apex; the cell
is a little less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are equal in
length and transverse ; the lower radial is straight; the first branch arises before the
middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the cell, the latter
being somewhat curved outward. The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the
cell is broad and more than half the length of the wing; the discocellulars are transverse,

* Short in some species of Prenes, and very long in Thargella, Celiades, and certain species of Rhinthon
(type, Proteides chiriquensis, Mab.).

t Shorter in Pyrrhopygopsis (type, Pyrrhopyga socrates, Mén.).

464 RHOPALOCERA.

equal, and only just traceable. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The males
are without a brand on the primaries. -
This is an American genus, the species ranging from Mexico to Chili.

a’, Wings with distinct minute white spots.

1. Butleria microsticta, sp. n. (Tab. XCII. figg. 1, 2, 2; 3, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis punctis quatuor aut sex minutis albis, posticis immaculatis: subtus ut supra, sed squamis
pallidis dispersis ; anticis margine interno late albidis, punctis (presertim in posticis) minoribus et magis
obviis.

mari similis, sed posticis punctis discalibus quatuor aut quinque ornatis.

Hab. Muxico, Chilpancingo, Amula, Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (HT. Hf. Smith).

Mr. Herbert Smith sent us six examples of this small species, all captured in Guerrero,
Western Mexico, at an altitude of from 2800 to 6000 feet. B. microsticta is nearly
allied to B. anomala, which it closely resembles on the upperside, but it may at once
be distinguished from that insect by the underside of the secondaries being brown, with
white spots, instead of grey, as well as by its smaller size. For the genitalia of the
male, see Tab. XCII. fig. 3.

2. Butleria anomala, (2. leucospila, Tab. XOII. figg. 4, 5, 6, ¢.)
Achlyodes (?) anomala, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 239, fig.’

Alis fuscis, anticis punctis septem aut octo, uno in cellula, duobus infra eam, aliis tribus marginem externum
proploribus ; posticis punctis minutis duobus aut tribus discalibus (nonnunquam fere obsoletis): subtus -
anticis fuscis, punctis ut supra, anticis apicibus et posticis omnino squamis pallide griseis tectis. .

¢ mari similis, sed maculis magis distinctis.

Hab. Mexico (mus. Staudinger+), Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Bolafios (Richardson).

This is likewise an inhabitant of Western Mexico, where most of our specimens were
captured by Mr. Herbert Smith at an elevation of about 8000 feet. Our insects have
the apex of the primaries and the whole of the secondaries densely clothed with grey
scales beneath, these being scarcely visible in the worn type. The genitalia of the
male are very like those of B. microsticta, except that the lower lobe of the harpes
has a serrated apex, instead of two sharp teeth. (See Tab. XCII. fig. 6.)

3. Butleria ceracates.
Cyclopides ceracates, Hew. Exot. Butt., Cyclopides, ff. 6, 7°.

@. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis quatuor discalibus, una in cellula, duabus inter ramos medianos primum et
secundum, quarta ultra eas inter ramos secundum et tertium, punctisque tribus in linea transversa
subapicalibus (ca in medio minuta), albo-hyalinis ; posticis macula parva ad cellule finem aliisque quatuor
ultra eam in serie margini externo subparallelibus hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed dilutiore, anticis, costa,
apice, et margine externo, posticisque omnino squamis ochraceis dense vestitis ; posticis linea angusta
recta a basi ad marginem externum juxta angulum analem extensa argentea; ciliis ochraceis.

Hab, Muxtco! (coll. Hewitson, in Mus. Brit.).

The tyne of this species is a female, and it is the only example we have seen.

BUTLERLA. 465

U’. Wings with very indistinct minute white spots.
4. Butleria brunnea.
2. Ancyloxypha brunnea, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 74 (1872)*.

Alis fuscis, anticis punctis duobus minutissimis, uno ultra cellulam, altero inter ramos medianos secundum et
tertium, albo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis margine interno pallidiore, punctis aliis duobus, uno
inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, altero in regione costali apicem versus.

2 mari similis.

_ Hab. Guatemata, Duefias (Champion).

We have a single male of this insect, agreeing with the mutilated type, a female,
now before us. It agrees perfectly with Butleria in the neuration of the primaries,
as well as in the structure of the antenne, so that we have no hesitation in referring
the species to this genus. The very minute white spots on the primaries are not
easily seen in the type, owing to its abraded condition.

Mr. Richardson has sent us a worn specimen of a nearly allied form from Matagalpa,
Nicaragua, but it is too imperfect to describe.

c'. Wings with large orange or flavous spots.

5. Butleria pulchra, sp. n. (Tab. XCII. figg. 7, 8, 3.)

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis parvis quatuor discalibus (una infra cellulam triangulari), linea obliqua subapicali
venis divisa, flavis ; posticis maculis duabus conjunctis marginem externum versus, tertia minuta interiori,
aurantiis: subtus fulvis, anticis maculis ut supra et margine interno late flavis, fascia lata a basi ad
marginem externum extendente (maculis exceptis) fusca; posticis maculis pagine: superioris fere obsoletis ;
ciliis posticarum aurantiis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

This pretty species is also represented in our collection by a single male example,
captured by Mr. Rogers on the slopes of the Volcano of Irazu. It approaches
B. agathocles (Felder), from South America, in the disposition of the spots.

6. Butleria eryonas. (Tab. XCII. figg. 9,10, 11, ¢.)
Cyclopides eryonas, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 325 (1877) ’.
Butleria dolabella, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 292°.

Alis fuscis, anticis macula magna subquadrata inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, una minore in
cellula triangulari, tertia margini externo propiore, punctisque duobus (superiore minuto) subapicalibus
in linea transversa, hyalinis; posticis macula magna discali ovali ad cellule finem, flava: subtus fuscis,
maculis omnibus pagine superioris multo majoribus; anticis ad apicem fascia transversa venis divisa,
flava ; posticis, costa ad basin, apice, et maculis tribus ad marginem externum flavis,

nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui? (ex Staudinger, Ribbe+), Veraguas (Arcé).

There are two specimens of this species in the Hewitson collection, both males, and
we have three others of the same sex from the State of Panama, one of these latter
having been sent us by Dr. Staudinger under the MS. name of B. fimbriola. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCII. fig. 11.

466 RHOPALOCERA.

7. Butleria lalage, sp.n. (Tab. XCII. figg. 12, 13, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis macula subtriangulari discali ad marginem externum dentata, altera obliqua minore
subapicali et posticis plaga subovali discali, aurantiis: subtus aurantio-flavis, anticis plaga basali haud
costam attingente, fascia lata curvata irregulari marginem externum versus, fuscis; ciliis posticarum
flavis ; subtus, palpis, thorace et abdomine pallide flavis.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith).

Mr. Smith procured us a single male example only of this species, from the
neighbourhood of Omilteme, in Guerrero, from an altitude of 8000 feet. We possess
an unnamed Butleria from Rio Janeiro which somewhat approaches it, but this insect
has no subapical spot on the primaries.

8. Butleria octomaculata, sp.n. (Tab. XCII. figg. 14, 15, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis macula obliqua discali cellulam transeunte, altera minuta marginem propiore, tertia venis
divisa subapicali, posticis subrotunda discali, omnibus pallide flavis: subtus fere ut supra, anticis macula
discali literam V formante, posticis macuJa parva angulum analem versus, pallide flavis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

We have but a single male example of B. octomaculata, sent us by our collector
Mr. Rogers, from Irazu, where he captured it at an altitude of between 6000 and
7000 feet. It is allied to B. cupavia, Staud., from Bolivia.

9. Butleria faula, sp.n. (Tab. XCII. figg. 16, 17, 3.)

Alis fuscis, macula subtriangulari discali ad marginem externum dentata, altera obliqua minore subapicali,
et posticis macula elongata discali, secunda minuta infra eam et fere attingente, omnibus aurantiis:
subtus aurantiis, anticis plaga basali haud ad costam extendente, fascia lata curvata irregulari marginem
externum versus, fuscis; posticis obscure aurantiis, margine interno lato, fascia elongata per cellulam
fasciolisque inter venas ad marginem externum, flavis ; ciliis posticarum coloris ejusdem.

Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara (coll. Schaus).

Mr. Schaus’s collection contains a single male example of this species, from which
the above description is taken. It is a close ally of B. lalage, but differs from it
chiefly in having a long, narrow, discal band on the secondaries above and the
underside of these wings otherwise coloured. B. faula is also very like B. eryonas,
Hew., on the upperside, but differs considerably beneath.

B. Posterior tibiz with a single pair of spurs.

PAMPHILA.

Pamphila, Fabricius, in Illiger’s Mag. vi. p. 287 (1807) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 89.
Steropes, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lép. p. 167 (1832).

Carterocephalus, Lederer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, ii. pp. 26, 49 (1853).

Watson restricts this genus to a few Palearctic and Nearctic species. Cyclopides

PAMPHILA. 467

dardaris, Hew., from Mexico, and a closely allied form from Brazil *, also belong to it.
The type is P. palemon, Pall.

The antenne are short, with a rather stout, elongate, curved, slightly pointed club.
The palpi are porrect, the third joint bluntly conical and almost hidden by the long
hairs on the second joint. The primaries have the cell less than two-thirds the length
of the costa; the discocellulars are transverse and almost equal; the lower radial is
straight; the first branch arises considerably before the middle of the median nervure,
the second close to the lower angle of the cell, the second median segment thus
being very elongate. The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the cell is broad
and more than half the length of the wing; the discocellulars are transverse, equal,
and very faint. The hind tibie have only a single pair of spurs. There is no brand
on the primaries in the male.

1. Pamphila dardaris. (Tab. XCII. figg. 18-21, ¢.)
Cyclopides dardaris, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 328°.

Alis fuscis, macula ad cellule finem, altera infra eam et ab ea vena mediana tantum divisa, puncto
minutissimo exteriori, tribus in linea transversa (nonnunquam obsoletis) subapicalibus, et posticis
maculis duabus discalibus, omnibus albis: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis margine interno
late albidis, squamis in costam flavidis; posticis maculis tessellatis; anticis et posticis linea marginali
interne flava serratis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico!, Chilpancingo, Tierra Colorada, Venta de Zopilote, Rio Papagaio

(H. H. Smith), Guadalajara (coll. Schaus).

Mr. Smith has sent us a long series of examples of this species from Western
Mexico, and we possess three others not labelled with any exact locality. All, with
one exception, are males. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCII. fig. 21.

* Pamphila daridzus, sp. n.

P. dardari similis, sed anticis punctis tribus in linea transversa majoribus, maculis duabus minutis margini
externo subparallelibus, aliisque plus minusve indistinctis in regione submediana, omnibus albis: subtus
anticis fere ut in P. dardari; posticis grisescentioribus, maculis albis minus distinctis, maculis variis

discalibus aliisque in serie submarginali haud ad angulum analem extensis, nigris.
© mari similis
Hab. Brazit, Corumba (H. H. Smith).

| P. darideus differs from our Mexican insect in having a larger number of spots on the primaries, the
secondaries beneath are greyer, the white spots not so apparent, and the disc is marked with some scattered

black spots.

468 RHOPALOCERA.

II. Antenne very short, with a straight, or slightly curved, blunt club; terminal
joint of the palpi long and erect ; hind tibize with two pairs of spurs.

A. Primaries without a brand in the male.

APAUSTUS.
Apaustus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 113 (1816) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 96.

Watson gives Papilio menes, Cram., as the type of this genus, and he also includes
in it Ancyloxypha gracilis, Feld.; this latter, however, has very differently formed
antenne and does not belong here. These two insects, as well as some other Tropical-
American forms, have the nervures on the underside of the secondaries, and also those
on the costa and apex of the primaries, yellow.

The antenne are very short, less than half the length of the costa, with a moderately
stout blunt club. The palpi have a very long, erect, and slender third joint. The
primaries are elongate, blunt at the tip; the cell is about three-fifths the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one being much shorter than the
upper; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises far beyond the
middle of the median nervure, the second from the lower angle of the cell; the third
median segment is very short and almost in a line with the lower discocellular. The
secondaries are narrow ; the discocellulars are very faint. The body is long and slender,
the abdomen extending far beyond the anal angle of the hind wings. The hind tibiz
have two pairs of spurs. The primaries are without a brand in the male.

A. menes just enters our southern limits. This insect is easily recognized by its
long narrow wings and short antenne ; it is doubtless of feeble flight.

1. Apaustus menes. (Tab. XCII. fig. 22, ¢.)

Papilio menes, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 393. ff. H, I'; Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 7. ff. 6 F, G?;
Sepp, Surin. Vlind. i. t. 47°.
Apaustus menes, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 96".

Alis fuscis, anticis linea angusta costali ad basin aliisque tribus apicalibus flavis: subtus ut supra, sed
dilutioribus ; anticis lineis radiantibus variis apicalibus, angulum analem versus brevissimis, posticisque
lineis venas sequentibus, omnibus flavis ; abdomine subtus albido.

@ mari similis,

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—CoLomBia ; Guiana 1-3; AMAzoNns ;

Braziu.

Of this peculiar species there is a single specimen from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection, and we therefore include it in our fauna. We have no doubt that the
example figured by Cramer was in bad condition, as noted by Sepp, who states that
the larva feeds upon the rice-plant (Oryza sativa). For the genitalia of the male, see
Tab. XCIT. fig. 22,

OARISMA. 469

OARISMA.
Oarisma, Scudder, Rep. Peab. Ac. Sci. iv. p.75 (1872); Butt. E. U.S. & Can. iii. p. 1858 (1889).

This American genus, which was not identified by Watson, is easily recognizable by
the peculiarly formed antenne and the somewhat triangular primaries.

The antenne are very short, much less than half the length of the costa, with a
long, straight, gradually thickening club, which is quite blunt at the tip. The palpi
have the second joint clothed with long hairs, and the third is long, slender, and
erect. ‘The primaries are short and broad, somewhat truncate at the outer margin ;
the cell is a little less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
oblique, the lower one being much shorter than the upper; the first branch arises
about the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little distance before
the lower angle of the cell; the third median segment is more than twice the length
of the lower discocellular. The secondaries have the discocellulars barely traceable.
The body is rather slender and the head large, the abdomen extending beyond the
anal angle of the hind wings. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries
are without a brand in the male.

Oarisma differs from Adopeoides (type, Ancyloxypha simplex, Feld.) in the longer
and straighter antennal club, which is quite blunt at the tip, and from Adopea in
the absence of the brand in the male and the longer third median segment of the
primaries; and from both in the blunt and comparatively short wings. ‘The genitalia
of the males of the two species are very similarly formed and quite different in
structure from those of either Adopea or Adopeoides.

The two species belonging to it inhabit Mexico and the Southern United States.

1. Oarisma powesheik. (Paradopea garita*, Tab. XCII. figg. 23, 24, 25, 2 .)
Hesperia powesheik, Park. Am, Ent. i. p. 271 (1870) ’*.
Oarisma powesheik, Scudd. Rep. Peab. Ac. Sci. iv. p. 75°; Butt. E, U. 8. & Can. ili. p. 1859 °°.
Lhymelicus powesheik, French, Butt. HE. U.S. p. 301%.

Alis obscure et nitide fulvis, ciliis et costa posticarum fuscis: subtus anticis fulvis, striga lata a basi in
margine interno ad angulum analem extendente, fusca ; posticis flavo-griseis, margine interno late fulvo ;
ciliis nisi ad angulum analem interne albis.

Q mari similis, sed alis obscurioribus.

Hab. Nortu America, Dakota}, Illinois’, Iowa! 23, Nebraska! 3, Montana, Colorado3,
‘Arizona.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Puebla 7000 feet (H. J. Elwes).

Only two males of O. powesheik have yet reached us from within our limits, though
in the Southern United States it appears to be by no means uncommon. The Sonora
example agrees well with others from Colorado and Montana in our collection ; that
from Puebla is rather less fuscous along the inner margin of the primaries beneath.

* Scudder’s description of the genus Oarisma was not seen by us till after Tab. XCII. was printed, and
the specimens sent us by Strecker as Hesperia garita were wrongly named ;. hence confusion has arisen in the

identification of this insect.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., June 1900. 3 .P

470) RHOPAUOCERA.

Our figure is taken from a male from Montana, the Mexican examples not being
in a good state of preservation. The genitalia are also figured (Tab. XCII. fig. 25)
from a North-American specimen.

2. Oarisma garita. (Paradopea calega, Tab. XCII. figg. 26-29, ¢ .)
Hesperia garita, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vi. p. 150’; Strecker, Lep. Rhop.-Het. p. 93°.
Thymelicus hylax, W. HW. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. iil. p. 274 *.

Adopea hylax, Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 98 *.

Alis fuscis, squamis fulvis sparsim tectis: subtus anticis fulvis, marginem internum versus late fuscis ; posticis
fuscis, squamis flavis dense tectis, margine interno late fulvo; ciliis nisi ad angulum analem introrsum
albis.

Hab. Nortn America, Colorado ! °.—Mexico, Ciudad and Milpas in Durango (Forrer).

Mz. Forrer has sent us five specimens of O. garita from the highlands of North-
western Mexico. It is a close ally of O. powesheik, but is of smaller size; the

wings are shorter, and it is of a darker colcur. For the genitalia of the male, see
Tab. XCII. fig. 29.

ADOPOIDES, gen. nov.

To this genus we refer two Mexican species, Ancyloxypha simplex, Felder, being
taken as the type. It is closely allied to Adopea, under which Watson includes seven
species; the three American ones, however, belong elsewhere.

The antenne are short, not half the length of the costa; the club stout, moderately
elongate, slightly curved and blunt at the tip. The palpi have the second joint
thickly clothed with long hairs; the third joint is long, slender, and erect. The
primaries are rather blunt at the apex; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one being very much shorter than
the upper; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises a little
beyond the middle of the median nervure, the second immediately before the lower angle
of the cell; the third median segment is extremely short, much shorter than the lower
discocellular. ‘The secondaries have the discocellulars barely traceable. The body is
rather slender. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries are without a
brand in the male.

Adopewoides differs from Adopea in having a less elongate club to the antenne ; the
first median branch of the primaries arises in both sexes from nearer the lower angle of
the cell, so that the second median segment is shorter, and there is no brand in the
male; it may be uoted also that in this sex the genitalia are very differently formed.

1. Adopxoides simplex. (Tab. XCII. figg. 30-33, ¢.)
Ancyloxypha simplex, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 476°.
Apausius simplex, Platz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 166 ?.

Alis nitide fulvis, marginibus externis et venis eos attingentibus fuscis; anticis linea discocellulari, posticis costa

ADOPZOIDES.—ANCYLOXYPHA. 471

et margine interno quoque fuscis: subtus anticis fulvis, apice flavescenti, striga lata in margine interno a
basi angulum analem versus fusca; posticis flavis, linea (interdum secunda marginem internum versus)
a basi ad marginem externum extendente pallidiore.

Q mari similis, sed alis obscurioribus.

Hab. Mexico 12 (mus. Staudinger), Ciudad and Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Amula
in Guerrero, Mexico city (H. H. Smith), Puebla, Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Potrero,
Cordova (fide Felder).

So far as we know, this species is confined to Mexico, whence we possess a consider-
able series. ‘The secondaries of some examples show one or two pale longitudinal
streaks beneath, while in others these are almost or entirely wanting. The primaries
usually have a short transverse blackish line at the end of the cell on the upperside.
A. simplex bears a strong superficial resemblance to the European Adopea linea, but
the males have no brand on the primaries. Mr. Rothschild informs us that Felder’s
type cannot now be found. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCII. fig. 33.

2. Adopeoides bistriata, sp. n. (Tab. XCII. fig. 34, 2.)

@. Alis fuscis, squamis fulvis sparsim tectis, linea discocellulari nigrescente: subtus anticis fulvis, marginem
internum versus late fuscis ; posticis fuscis, squamis flavis sparsim tectis, lineis duabus a basi ad marginem

externum extendentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas in Durango (Lorrer).

Of this insect we possess only a single female example. It closely resembles
Oarisma powesheik, but may be readily distinguished from it by the two white
longitudinal stripes on the secondaries beneath. The underside of the fringe, moreover,
is not bordered internally with white as in that species, and the primaries above have
a dark discocellular line.

Hesperia boeta, Hew.,=Apaustes bilineata, Dognin, from Ecuador, has the secondaries
similarly coloured beneath, but we hesitate to place our Mexican female with that

species.
ANCYLOXYPHA.
Ancyloxypha, Felder, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. p. 477 (1862) (part.); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893,
p- 97.

The type of this genus is the North-American Hesperia numitor (Fabr.) (= Thymelicus
puer, Hiibn.); and Heteropterus arene, Edw. ( = Copeodes myrtis, Edw.), is also an
Ancyloxypha. A. melanoneura, Felder, is perfectly congeneric with these, but his
A. simplex, A. gracilis, and A. corades belong elsewhere. A. brunnea, Scudd., from
Guatemala, as already stated, is a Butleria.

The antenne are very short, not half the length of the costa, with a moderately
stout, blunt club. The palpi have a long, slender, erect third joint. The primaries
are short, blunt at the tip; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the

costa; the discocellulars are subtransverse, the lower one a little shorter than the
3P 2

472 RHOPALOCERA.

upper ; the lower radial is very slightly depressed at the base; the first branch arises
far beyond the middle of the median nervure, the second at the lower angle of the cell:
the third median segment is very short and almost in a line with the discocellulars.
The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the discocellulars are very faint. The
abdomen is long and slender, extending beyond the anal angle of the secondaries.
The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries are without trace of a brand
in the male. .

The genus is confined to the New World, ranging from the Southern United States
to Peru. A. arene is widely distributed in ‘Tropical America, extending northwards to
a little beyond our frontier.

1. Ancyloxypha arene. (A. myrtis, Tab. XCII. figg. 35-38, ¢ .)
Heteropterus arene, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. iii. p. 214 (1871) °.
Thymelicus arene, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 75 (1872) *.

Copeodes myrtis, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, ii. p. 26 (1882) °.
Apaustus leporina, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 166°.

Alis nitide fulvis, anticis margine externo, posticis margine costali late, et margine exteriore anguste, fuscis ;
anticis fascia infra cellulam marginem externum versus extendente et linea discocellulari (nonnunquam
absente) quoque fuscis: subtus fulvis, anticis ad apicem et posticis omnino flavescentibus, margine interno
anticarum late fusca, angulum analem haud extendente.

Hab. Norrn America, Arizona 1**.—Mexico?4, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-
Hepburn), Colima(mus. Staudinger), Puebla (Elwes), Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson),
Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, Venta de Zopilote, Dos Arroyos, and Omilteme in
Guerrero, Cuernavaca in Morelos, Fortin in Vera Cruz, Mexico city (H. H. Smith),
Orizaba (H. H. Smith, Elwes, F. D. G.), Morelia, Misantla (F. D. G.), Atoyac (Schu-
mann, H. H. Smith), Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Jalapa (F. D. G., M. Trujillo, coll. Schaus) ;
Guatemala *, Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo, Duefias (F. D. G., 0. 8,
Champion), Guatemala city (Champion); Costa Rica, San Francisco, Caché, Irazu
(Rogers).— VENEZUELA ; PERU.

This is a common insect in our country, just entering the Southern United States in
Arizona, and extending southwards to Peru; it also has a considerable range in altitude,
since we have specimens from the hot Polochic Valley and from elevations of 9000 feet
in Mexico. .

The fuscous coloration on the upperside of the primaries varies in extent, the streak
at the end of the cell being often obsolete in the male. The females are considerably
darker, the cell being som=stimes entirely fuscous in this sex.

The present species is a very close ally of the Colombian A. melanoneura, Felder, the
type of which we have seen, but differs in the absence of the dark streaks above and

the uniformly pale secondaries beneath. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XOII.
fig. 3d.

COPAODES. 473

B. Primaries with a brand in the male.

COPEODES.
Copeodes, Speyer, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1878, p. 183; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 97.

The type of this genus is Ancylorypha aurantiaca, Hew. ( = Hesperia waco, Edw., and
Heteropterus procris, Edw.*), an insect not uncommon in the Southern United States
and Central America. The form of the brand on the primaries of the male is quite
different from that of any of the other Pamphiline occurring within our limits +.

The antenne are very short, less than half the length of the costa, and have a stout,
straight club, which is blunt at the tip. The palpi have a long, slender, erect third
joint. The primaries are pointed at the tip, and have the outer margin excised towards
the anal angle; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are oblique, the lower one very much shorter than the upper; the first median
branch arises from much nearer the lower angle of the cell than to the base of the
median nervure, and the second is immediately beyond it; the third median segment is
longer than the second in the male and shorter than it in the female. The secondaries
are rounded at the anal angle; the discocellulars faint. The abdomen in the male is
slender and extends beyond the anal angle of the secondaries. The hind tibiz have
two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a very narrow longitudinal brand
beneath the median nervure, extending along the second median branch for a
considerable distance.

1, Copzodes aurantiaca. (Tab. XCII. figg. 39-42, 3.)

Ancyloxrypha aurantiaca, Hew. Descr. new sp. Hesperid. p. 45 (March 1868) '.

Copeodes aurantiaca, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 98”.

Hesperia waco, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. ii. p. 122 (Aug. 1868) *.

Thymelicus waco, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 75‘; Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 284’.

Hesperia minima, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. iii. p. 196 °.

Heteropterus procris, W. H. Edwards, loc. cit. p. 2157.

Copeodes candida, Wright, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) ili. p. 34°.

Copecdes nanus, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 98 (nec Herr.-Schiff.) °.

Alis nitide flavo-fulvis, stigmate nigrescente, anticis linea angustissima fusca marginatis ; posticis margine
costali late et ad basin fuscis: subtus anticis pallide fulvis, ad basin fuscis; posticis flavidis, linea a basi

ad marginem externum interdum indistincta albida.
© mari similis, sed alis obscurioribus et venis fuscis.

Hab. Norta America, Texas?4567, New Mexico, Arizona, California 8.—MeExico 4
Northern Sonora (Morrison), Durango city (Becker), Puebla (Elwes), Lake Chapala

* Not of Felder, as stated by Watson.
t Thymelicus nanus, H.-S., from Cuba, of which we possess a long series, does not belong here, as svated by
Watson: it has a short crook to the antennz, and the brand of the male is wholly different in form from

that of Copwodes. The North-American Copwodes wrightii, Edw., also belongs to a different genus.

474 RHOPALOCERA.

(Richardson), Acaguizotla, Venta de Zopilote, Dos Arroyos, Rincon, Tierra Colorada,
and Chilpancingo in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Vera Cruz (Ff. D. G.), Coatepec, Jalapa
(coll. Schaus); GuatEMALA, Yzabal (F. D. G. & O. §.), Guatemala city, San Gerénimo
(Champion); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers) ; Panama, Calobre (Arcé).

A common insect in Central America. No locality was mentioned for it by Hewitson ?.
The females have the nervures of both wings more or less fuscous on the upperside.
For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCII. fig. 42.

III. Antenne very short, with a stout, slightly pointed club; terminal joint of the
palpi short ; primaries of the male branded ; hind tibize with two pairs of spurs.

CHASREPHON, gen. nov.

The two species referred to this genus, Pamphila rhesus, Edw., and P. citrus, Mab.,
the latter being taken as the type, agree very nearly with Hylephila in the structure
of the antenne, except that they are blunter at the tip; they differ, however, from
Hylephila in having the discocellulars of the primaries less oblique, the first median
branch arising further from the base, the brand narrower and more transverse and
unaccompanied by a field of modified scales, and the genitalia of the males otherwise
formed.

The antenne are short, not nearly half the length of the costa, and have a short,
stout club, which is bluntly pointed at the tip. The palpi are densely scaled, the third
joint short and suberect. The primaries are pointed in the male, blunter in the
female; the cell is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the
discocellulars are moderately oblique, the lower one short and of the same length as the
third median segment; the first branch arises near the middle of the median nervure,
the second immediately before the lower angle of the cell; the lower radial is depressed
at its base. ‘The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the discocellulars are
barely traceable. The body is moderately stout. The middle and hind tibie are
conspicuously spined, the latter with two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male
have a narrow oblique brand, which starts from the base of the second median branch,
crosses the first median branch, and nearly reaches the submedian nervure.

C. rhesus, at first sight, appears to be without a brand, but on removing the
scales we find that the rudiments of one can clearly be made out. The structure of
the genitalia of the males is very similar in the two species, and quite different from
that of Hylephila. C. citrus and C. rhesus both inhabit Mexico, the first-mentioned
extending southwards to Honduras and the latter occurring also in the Southern
United States.

CHAEREPHON. 475

a. Brand on the primaries conspicuous.

1. Cherephon citrus, (Tab. XCIII. figg. 1-4, 3.)
Pamphila citrus, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 144, fig. 1’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigrescente, squamis fulvis sparsim vestitis; anticis punctis duobus aut tribus in linea
transversa subapicalibus, macula minuta ad cellule finem (interdum obsoleta), aliis quinque in serie obliqua
et sinuosa infra et ultra cellulam (quarta et quinta interdum obsoletis), fulvis ; posticis maculis quatuor
in serie curvata apicem versus plus minusve distinctis, fulvis: subius anticis fuscis, punctis pagine supe-
rioris majoribus, costa et ad apicem late, squamis flavis dense tectis; posticis flavis, fusco-marmoratis,
maculis in serie subangulata marginem externum versus, aliis tribus basin propioribus, pallide flavis ;
anticis et posticis punctis minutissimis marginalibus ad venarum fines ornatis ; corpore subtus canescente ;
ciliis griseis.

@ mari similis, sed maculis majoribus et magis distinctis.

Hab. Mexico (mus. Staudinger), Venta de Zopilote, Dos Arroyos and Chilpancingo
in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Mazatlan (G. Mathew); Guatemata, San Gerdnimo,

Guatemala city (/. D. G. & O. S.); Honpuras ( Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of this species, a male, from Honduras, as well
as an abraded female from Mexico, the latter being labelled Pamphila reticulata, H.-S.
We have six others agreeing with these from various localities in Mexico and Guatemala,
including both sexes. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIII. fig. 4.

6. Brand on the primaries very faint.

2. Cherephon rhesus. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 5, 6, 9; 7, 3.)
Pamphila rhesus, W. H. Edwards, Field and Forest, iii. p. 116°; Skinner, Ent. News, 1900, p. 414,
t. 2. ff. 19, 20 (¢)*.

Alis fuscis, punctis subapicalibus tribus in linea transversa, maculis quatuor in serie obliqua et sinuosa infra
eos, alia minuta ad cellule finem, sordide albis: subtus anticis fuscis, costa flavidis, maculis ut supra,
sed majoribus et quinque (nec quatuor) in serie obliqua; posticis flavidis, linea macularum confluentium
litteram > formante et macula ad cellule finem albis, margine interno fusco, macula in cellula aliisque
discalibus nigro-fuscis ; anticis et posticis punctis minutissimis marginalibus ad venarum fines ornatis ;
corpore subtus canescente ; ciliis griseis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Nortu America, Colorado !?, Arizona.—Mexico (mus. Staudinger), Milpas in

Durango 5900 feet (Morrer), Salazar 10,000 feet (coll. Schaus).

Of this species we have seen a worn pair from Durango and a female in very fresh
condition from Salazar. Our description of the insect is chiefly taken from the latter,
which agrees perfectly with Dr. Skinner's figures?. The underside of the secondaries
is very similarly marked to that of various species of Lrynnis, from which C. rhesus can
be at once distinguished by the blunter antennal club. For the genitalia of the maie,

see Tab. XCIII. fig. 7.

476 RHOPALOCERA.

HYLEPHILA.

Hylephila, Billberg, Enum. Ins. p. 81 (1820); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 101.
Euthymus, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 77 (1872).

Papilio phyleus, Drury, is the type of this genus, and Watson associates two other
species with it; all are American.

The antenne are exceedingly short, about one-third the length of the costa, with a
short, robust club, terminating in an acute point. The palpi have the third joint short,
subconical, erect, and rather slender. The primaries are somewhat pointed; the cell
is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
oblique, the lower one being very short; the lower radial is much depressed at its
proximal end; the first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure, the
second very near the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the
anal angle; the discocellulars are very faint. ‘The body is very stout. The middle and
hind tibie are conspicuously spined ; the latter have two pairs of spurs. The primaries
of the male have a broad, oblique, slightly interrupted brand of small, closely compacted,
blackish scales extending from the base of the second median branch to the submedian
nervure near the base; outside this there is a broad diffused streak of raised scales.
The sexes have the wings dissimilarly coloured.

The genus ranges from the United States to Chili and the Argentine Republic.

1. Hylephila phyleus. (Tab. XCIII. fig. 8, ¢.)

Papilio phyleus, Drury, Tl. Ex. Ent. 1. p. 25, t. 13. ff. 4, 5°.

Hesperia phyleus, Boisd. et Lec. Lép. Amér. Sept. t. 78°.

Hylephila phyleus, Scudd. Butt. E. U. S. & Canada, ii. p. 1630, t. 17. ff. 10,18 (3 2), t. 43.
f. 4 (3 stigma) *; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 101+.

Euthymus phyleus, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 77°.

Phemiades augias, Hiibn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. ii. p. 10. ff. 227, 228°.

2. Pamphila hala, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 5047.

Alis nitide aurantiis, stigmate nigrescente, marginibus exterioribus fusco profunde dentatis ; anticis striga infra
stigma, linea longitudinali ultra cellulam et posticarum costa coloris ejusdem: subtus pallide fulvis,
anticis angulum analem versus flavescentibus, striga lata irregulari submediana a basi extendente, lineola
angusta discocellulari, et punctis serie submarginali fuscis ; posticis fusco-punctatis et fascia margini
interno subparalleli coloris ejusdem.

Q. Alis fuscis, anticis punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, una ad cellule finem et serie macularum
obliqua a margine interno prope apicem extendente, flavis; posticis maculis linea arcuata margini externo
subparalleli (interdum una basin propiore) quoque flavis: subtus mari similis, sed alis obscurioribus.

Hab. NortH America, Eastern and Southern United States ?.—Mexico, Presidio de

Mazatlan (Horrer), Durango city (Becker), Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Jalisco

(Schumann), Rio Papagaio, Rincon, Dos Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote, all ia Guerrero

(H. H. Smith), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith), Cordova (héimelt), Salapa (MM. Tru-

jillo), Orizaba (H. H. Smith, F. D. G.), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); GUATEMALA,

HYLEPHILA.—ERYNNIS. ATT

Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.), San Gerénimo, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. S., Champion),
Guatemala city (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt), Matagalpa (Richardson) ;
Costa Rica (Van Patten), Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba, David, Volcan de Chiriqui
(Champion), Colon.—Sout America to the Argentine Republic; Banamas; ANTILLES,
Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent, Antigua},
St. Christopher 1, Nevis 1, Barbados, &c.

An extremely common species throughout our region, extending northwards into
the United States and southwards to the Argentine Republic, occurring also in most
of the West Indian Islands. We notice but little variation in the males in the very
large series before us, but in the females, which are very differently colouréd, the
underside of the wings is much darker in some specimens than in others.

Dr. Butler’s type of Pamphila hala, from Venezuela’, is now in our collection. For
the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIIT. fig. 8.

ERYNNIS.
Erynnis, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 1, p. 157 (1801) ; Watson, P. Z. 8. 18938, p. 99.
Ocytes, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 76 (1872).
Anthomaster, Scudder, loc. cit. p. 78.

Watson refers various Palearctic and Nearctic species to this genus, and gives
Papilio comma, Linn., as the type. It is nearly allied to Hylephila, and has the
antenne very similarly formed, except that they are distinctly longer (though not half
the length of the costa), and the club (in E. comma) is more acutely produced at the
tip; the cell of the primaries is scarcely less than two-thirds the length of the costa,
and in the male it is narrower, owing to the great development of the brand. The
first median branch of the primaries arises from far before the middle of the cell.
In the male the second median segment is very long, and the first and second median
branches are much curved at the base. The spines on the middle and hind tibie are
very long. The brand is broad, oblique, and slightly curved: it extends along the
whole length of the second median segment, then crosses the first median branch, and
runs downwards to the submedian nervure.

1. Erynnis comma.
Papilio comma, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 484".
Erynnis comma, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 99°.

Alis nitide fulvis, stigmate nigro; anticis punctis tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, tribus infra eam,
flavidis, apice et margine externo late fuscis ; posticis costa, margine interno et externo fuscescentibus :
subtus anticis fulvis, angulum analem versus pallidioribus, striga basali ad vene mediane finem extendente
nigrescente, maculis paginz: superioris magis obviis, apicibus viridi-fuscis ; posticis quoque viridi-fuscis, ad
angulum analem late fulvis, maculis quinque in linea transversa, una angulum analem versus et aliis
tribus basin propioribus, albidis. ony

Hab. Norra America.—MeExico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).—Evurors '.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., June 1900. 3Q

478 RHOPALOCERA.

The above description is taken from a single male example sent us by Morrison
under the name of Pamphila colorado, Scudder, which is now generally treated, like
several other North-American forms, as nothing more than a variety of H. comma (Linn.).
We have nine specimens from North America from Mr. Strecker named P. colorado,
with none of which does it quite agree. Compared with Mr. Scudder’s figures of the
North-American forms of this species (Mem. Bost. Soc. 1874, t. 10), it seems to come
nearest to E. juba and EH. nevada. It is unnecessary to quote the lengthy synonymy
here.

2, Erynnis morrisoni. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 9, 10, ¢.)
Pamphila morrisoni, W. H. Edwards, Field & Forest, iii. p. 116 (1878) °.

Alis fuscis, anticis stigmate angusto nigro; anticis et posticis fascia angulata submarginali, anticis quoque
costa late, fulvis: subtus anticis fulvis, ad angulum analem pallidioribus, basin et apice griseo-fuscis,
fascia angulata transversa subapicali albida; posticis griseo-fuscis, fascia valde angulata apicem versus,
altera mediana a basi extendente, albis.

mari similis, sed major et forsan coloribus pallidioribus.

Hab. Nortu America, Colorado !, Arizona.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).
bd

Morrison has sent us a single female under this name which agrees very well with a
male from Colorado in our collection; from this latter insect our description of that
sex is taken. . morrisoni is closely allied to EH. comma, but may at once be
distinguished from it by the angulated fulvous submarginal band on both wings above
and by the similarly shaped white band on the secondaries beneath.

Our fi ures are taken from the Colorado male.

TV. Antenne short, with a stout club, terminating in a short crook; terminal joint of
the palpi short; hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs; primaries of the male with a
greatly developed brand.

ATALOPEDES.

Atalopedes, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 78 (1872) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 100.
Pansydia, Scudder, loc. cit. p. 81.

The type of this genus is Hesperia huron, Edw. (=H. campestris, Boisd.), and it also
includes H. cunaxa, Hew. (=H. mesogramma, Poey). It is separable from Thymelicus
by the great development of the brand on the primaries in the males: in this sex the
neuration is modified to make room for it, the cell being very narrow from the base to
beyond the middle, the second median segment arched forward and much longer than
in the female, and the first and second median branches strongly curved towards the
base. The brand of the male consists of a large, broad, oblique, closely compacted
mass of small dull greyish scales, filling the angle between the second median segment
and the first median branch, and extending some distance below the latter, this being

ATALOPEDES.—THYMELICUS. 479

bordered above and below by a longitudinal streak of small velvety-black scales, and
inwards by long overlapping brownish scales; outside the brand there is a large
oval field of modified scales, which are opalescent in certain lights.

The wings on the upperside are differently coloured in the two sexes. Watson, in
his Table, gives the hind tarsi as shorter than in Thymelicus, but this we fail to see.
The two species are American: one of them is very widely distributed and known
under various names; the other is confined to Cuba and the Bahamas.

1. Atalopedes campestris. (Tab. XCIII. fig. 11, ¢.)

Hesperia campestris, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 316°.

Hesperia huron, W. H. Edwards, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 16, t. 1. ff. 1,2 (¢ 9)”.

Atalopedes huron, Scudd. Butt. E. U. S. & Canada, ii. p. 1661, t. 17. ff. 8 (2), 16 (¢)°;
Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 100 *.

9. Pamphila kedema, Buti. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 504°.

Alis anticis nitide fulvis, stigmate nigrescente, ad apicem et marginem externum fuscis, punctis tribus
subapicalibus in linea transversa duobus infra eos, fulvis; posticis fuscis, squamis et pilis fulvis (presertim
in area discali) tectis: subtus ochraceis, anticis angulum analem versus pallidioribus, striga irregulari a
basi ultra ramum medianum primum extendente nigro-fusca, punctis subapicalibus ut in pagina superiore ;
posticis indistincte fusco maculatis.

®. Alis fuscis, maculis duabus infra et ultra cellulam, duabus parvis marginem externum propioribus, tribus
subapicalibus in linea transversa, subhyalinis, in cellula et ad marginem internum fulvo tinctis ; posticis
fascia transversa maculari ultra cellulam fulva: subtus pallidioribus, anticis ad angulum analem griseis,
costa et cellula fulvis, striga submediana a basi nigro-fusca, maculis subhyalinis ut in pagina superiore ;
posticis griseo-fuscis, fascia indistincta angulata apicem versus et macula parva discali albidis,

Hab. Nortu America, Middle and Southern States ? 3, California 1.—MExico, Saltillo,
San Luis (Dr. Palmer *), Putla (fide Scudder *), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Fortin, Atoyac,
Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Duefias, Zapote (Champion); Costa Rica
(Van Patten), Caché, Irazu, San Francisco (Rogers).—CoLoMBIa.

Our collection contains a long series of both sexes of this species from the Southern
United States and from within our limits. There is a certain amount of variation in
the coloration of both the upper and under sides of the wings, and some of the North-
American males are almost without spots beneath.

Dr. Butler’s type of Pamphila kedema, from an unknown locality °, is before us, and
it does not differ in the slightest degree from the female of A. campestris. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIII. fig. 11.

THYMELICUS.

Thymelicus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 113 (1816) (part.); Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 100.
Hedone, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 79 (1872).
Pyrrhosidia, Scudder, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. it. p. 846 (1874).
Watson takes as the type of this genus 7. vzbex, Hibn., and he refers various other
3Q2

480 RHOPALOCERA.

”

American forms to it. Talides athenion, Hiibn., also belongs here. Thymelicus,
again, is closely allied to Hylephila, but differs from it in having the antenne a little
more elongate, though not half the length of the costa, with a short terminal crook.
The cell of the primaries is slightly shorter. The brand of the male consists of a
broad oblique streak of small, dull greyish, closely compacted scales, extending from
the base of the second median segment to the submedian nervure before the middle,
this being bordered above by a longitudinal streak, and within by a subtriangular
patch, of small velvety-black scales ; outside the brand there is a small field of modified
scales. The wings on the upperside are differently coloured in the two sexes. The
brand of the male is very like that of Atalopedes, except that the long overlapping
scales are absent. Zhymelicus is widely distributed in the New World, ranging from
the United States of North America to Peru. 7. vibex and T. athenion are common
Central-American forms. Hylephila dictynna, G. & S., from the Antilles, agrees with
the present genus in the structure of the antenne as well as in the form of the
brand, but it has the primaries much less pointed at the tip.

1. Thymelicus vibex. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 12-14, ¢ ; 15, 16, @.)

Thymelicus vibex, Geyer, i Hiibner’s Zutr. ex. Schmett. iv. p. 22, ff. 685, 686 (¢) * ; Wats. P.Z.S.
1893, p. 100’.

Hedone preceps, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 79 (¢) (1872) °*.

Pamphila lumida, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 217 *.

Pamphila golenia, Moschl. loc. cit. p. 218’.

Pamphila stigma, Skinner, Canad. Ent. xxviii. p. 188 (1896)°; Ent. News, xi. p. 414, t. 2.
ff. 15,16 (¢)’.

Alis nitente fulvis, ad basin obscurioribus, stigmate nigrescente; anticis striga infra stigma, macula elongata
ultra cellulam, apice, et margine externo inter ramos medianos dentato, fuscis ; posticis margine interno
late et externo anguste fuscescentibus: subtus flavis, anticis ad basin nisi in costa nigro-fuscis, apice et
margine externo posticisque irregulariter fusco-maculatis.

Q. Alis fuscis, anticis punctis tribus minutis in linea transversa subapicalibus, maculis quatuor aut quinque
in serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, secunda maxima, sordide albis: subtus anticis ut supra, sed

pallidioribus, costa et apice grisescentibus; posticis griseis aut albidis, maculis confluentibus serie
submarginali aliisque basin versus fuscis.

Hab. NortH America, New Mexico and S.W. Texas ®7.—Mexico, Presidio de
Mazatlan (Forrer), Dos Arroyos, Tierra Colorada, Rincon, Hacienda de la Imagen,
Acaguizotla, all in Guerrero, Atoyac, Fortin, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. J.
Elwes), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer), Tehuantepec (fide
Scudder *); Guatemaua, Central valleys (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.), Santa Maria (Richardson),
Guatemala city (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel); Nicaraeva,

Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten), Caché, San Francisco (Logers).—
SourH America, Colombia‘ ® to Paraguay, Trinidad.

It is extremely doubtful whether the North-American 7. brettus, Boisduval and

THYMELICUS,—CATIA. 481

Leconte *, of which we possess a long series from various localities in the United
States, can be separated from the present species; they have the genitalia of the
males similarly formed. The spots on the underside of the secondaries of the male of
PL. vibex vary in size: in some specimens they are as large and dark as in 7”. brettus,
and in others quite small and reddish, as in 7. stigma (Skinner). ‘The females are
very like those of 7. athenion, from which they may be distinguished by the absence
of the dark fascia on the secondaries beneath. 7. viber is also very like Hylephila
phyleus, from which it may be separated by the longer crook to the antennal club and
the non-dentate fuscous margin to the secondaries in the male; the females of the
two species are very differently marked. A pair of 7. vibex from Rincon, Guerrero,
are figured. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIII. fig. 14.

2. Thymelicus athenion. (ab. XCIII. fig. 17, 3.)
Talides athenion, Hiibn. Samml. ex. Schmett. t. 148. ff. 1,2(3),38,4(92)'.

Alis fuscis, stigmate magno nigro; anticis maculis duabus utra stigma, duabus marginem exteriorem pro-
pioribus, punctis tribus minutis in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus evanescentibus, sordide albis:
subtus griseis aut flavo-griseis fusco irregulariter marmoratis; posticis distincte transfasciatis, maculis
pagine superioris magis obviis ; ciliis flavo-griseis.

Q. Alis fuscis, anticis punctis subapicalibus tribus in linea transversa, maculis quatuor aut quinque in serie
sinuosa obliqua a medio marginis interioris apicem versus extendente sordide albis: subtus mari similis,
sed alis pallidioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann), Acaguizotla,
Amula, Dos Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote, Rincon, R. Papagaio, and La Venta in
Guerrero, Cuernavaca, Fortin, Vera Cruz, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (Schumann,
H. H. Smith), Misantla (F. D. G.), Jalapa (M. Trujillo, F. D. G., coll. Schaus),
Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes); Guaremata, Volcan de Santa Maria
(Richardson), Guatemala city, Zapote, Duefias (Champion), San Gerénimo (F. D. G. &
0. S., Champion); Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger), San Pedro (Whitely) ;
Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten), San Francisco, Caché,
Irazu (fogers) ; Panama, Paraiso (/‘Leannan).—Sovuta AMERICA to Brazil.

~ We have a very large series of this insect, ranging from Northern Mexico to Brazil.
Our specimens agree well with Hiibner’s figures, except that the males have the light
spots on the primaries less distinct. TZ. athenion is not unlike Catia druryt, but the
males have more pointed primaries and differently-formed genitalia: for these latter,

see Tab. XCIII. fig. 17.

CATIA, gen. nov.

We take Hesperia druryi, Latr. (=Thymelicus eina, Scudd.), as the type of this
genus, and include in it H. misera, Luc. (=Pamphila mago, H.-S.), Pamphila
ravola, G. & S., and an unnamed species from Jamaica in our collection. Scudder,

* The insect figured as a male of this species is a female, as has been noticed by Scudder and others.

482 RHOPALOCERA.

in dealing with 7. wtna, calls attention to the complicated structure of the brand in
the primaries in the male, and this is so remarkable that we think it of sufficient
importance to put the species possessing this character into a separate genus.

The antenne are barely half the length of the costa, and have a short stout club,
terminating in a short slender crook. The palpi have their third joint short, stout,
conical, and erect. The neuration of the primaries is similar to that of Thymelicus.
The brand in the males is very complicated and consists of the following portions:
Ist, an elongate or oval velvety-black patch, extending along the second and sometimes
the third median segments; 2nd, a smaller, more rounded, similarly-coloured patch
nearer the base, immediately above the submedian nervure (not always distinct) ;
3rd, between these, and crossing the first median branch, a mass of large, raised,
longitudinally striated, greyish, iridescent scales; 4th, outside this last a large field
of variable extent of modified scales. The middle and hind tibie are spined, and the
latter are furnished with two pairs of spurs.

The four species we refer to this genus are all American, three of them being
apparently confined to either the Antilles or the Bahamas. C. druryt is a common
Tropical-American form extending northwards into the Eastern United States. The
field of modified scales on the upperside of the primaries in the males of C. ravola is
enormously extended, reaching to the outer margin.

1. Catia druryi. (Tab. XCIIL. fig. 18, 3.)

Hesperia Drury, Latr. Enc. Méth, ix. p. 767 (1828). .

Thymelicus pustula, Geyer, in Hiibner’s Zutr. ex. Schmett. iv. p. 11, ff. 625, 626 (1882) *.

Hesperia otho, Boisd. et Lec. Lép. Amér. sept. t. 77° (nec Abbot & Smith).

Hesperia egeremet, Scudd. Proc. Essex Inst. iii. p. 174 (1863) ¢.

Thymelicus etna, Scudd. Butt. E. U. 8. and Canada, ii. p. 1696, t. 10. ff. 15 (2), 19 (¢),
t. 42. f. 9 (¢ stigma) °.

Pamphila ursa, Worth. Canad. Ent. xii. p. 49°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigro; anticis costa, interdum cellula, macula ultra cellule finem, punctis tribus
transversis subapicalibus, interdum evanescentibus, fulvis; posticis maculis discalibus (nonnunquam
obsoletis) coloris ejusdem: subtus fulvis, anticis dimidio interiore fuscis, maculis duabus aut tribus ultra
cellulam, posticis punctis in linea irregulari margini exteriori subparallelibus pallide flavis.

¢. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis duabus infra et ultra cellulam, punctis tribus transversis subapicalibus, flavis
aut sordide albis: subtus fulvis maculis ut in pagina superiore, anticis dimidio interiore falvis.

Hab. Norta America 2, Eastern United States ® 6, Georgia.—MeExico, Jalisco (Schu-.
mann), Soledad, Dos Arroyos, Acaguizotla, Rincon, and Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero,
Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Honpuras (Mus. Brit.),
Ruatan I. (Gawmer) ; Panama (Ribbe).—Sours America to Brazil.

In the British Museum‘the name Hesperia druryi is applied to an Antillean insect
which we have elsewhere described as H. ravola, but we cannot accept this deter-
mination as correct. ‘The diagnosis of Pamphila phocion, Fabricius, is too vague for

CATIA.—OCHLODES. | 483

identification ; moreover, as interpreted by Dr. Butler, his insect was a female, and we
therefore use the next oldest name, that of Latreille, with whose description Hiibner’s
figure seems to agree very well. We have also seen a male of it from Teffé, in
Dr. Staudinger’s collection, labelled Pamphila lacordairii, Boisd. A very closely
allied species, H. misera, Lucas (=mago, Herrich-Schaffer), occurs in Cuba and the
Bahama Islands.

Individuals of C. druryi vary even more than those of Thymelicus vibex: the
amount of the fulvous colour on the costa and cell is sometimes considerably
extended, at others is entirely absent ; the secondaries, too, are more fulvous in some
specimens than in others. The underside, in both male and female, varies in colour
from fulvous to pale fuscous, and this does not appear to be associated with locality.

We possess a very large series of specimens of this insect, ranging from the United
States to Brazil. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIII. fig. 18.

OCHLODES.
Ochlodes, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 78 (1872) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 99.

Watson, following Scudder, gives Hesperia nemorum of Boisduval as the type of
Ochlodes, and associates with it two other North-American species. Panphila snowi,
Edw., which occurs in Mexico, as well as in the Southern United States, agrees with
these in the form of the brand, and we therefore include it in the present genus.
Ochlodes does not differ structurally from Thymelicus, but it has a narrower brand,
bordered on each side with differently formed scales. The middle and hind tibie
are conspicuously spined, as is also the case in Limochores, which will probably have
to be sunk as a synonym of the present genus.

1. Ochlodes snowi. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 19-21, ¢; 22, 23, @.)
Pamphila snowi, W. H. Edwards, Canad. Ent. ix. p. 29"; Field & Forest, ii. p. 117’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigro; anticis maculis duabus parvis in cellula (interdum confluentibus), aliis tribus in
linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, punctisque subapicalibus tribus in linea transversa, fulvis ; posticis
fascia submarginali maculata, macula quoque in cellula, fulvis: subtus ferrugineo-fulvis, anticis ad
angulum analem pallidioribus, striga mediana a basi infra cellulam nigrescente, maculis omnibus ut
in pagina superiore; posticis linea maculari transversa marginem externum versus, macula quoque ad
cellule finem, flavidis.

mari similis sed anticis maculis pallidioribus.

' Hab. Norra America, Colorado!, New Mexico, Arizona.—Mexico, Puebla (H. J.
Elwes).

Four much worn males of this species were captured by Mr. Elwes at Pinal, near
Puebla, at an elevation of 8000 feet. They differ from our Colorado and Arizona
specimens in having a more distinct fulvous band on the upperside of the secondaries.
The genitalia are similarly formed to those of North-American examples, see

Tab. XCIII. fig. 21.
We figure a pair from Fort Grant, Arizona.

484 RHOPALOCERA.

AUGIADES.

Augiades, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 112 (1816) ; Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 103.

Watson gives as the type of this genus Papilio sylvanus, Esp., a well-known >
European insect, and he includes in it two other Palearctic species; two from the
highlands of Central America are now added. In his Table of the genera he includes
Augiades in a section in which the middie and hind tibie are not spined; we notice,
however, that in A. sylvanus the middle tibie are distinctly spined, as is the case also
in A. heras, but not in A. hecale. The brand on the primaries of the males of the
Central-American species is more developed than in A. sylvanus, but its general form
is similar.

The antenne are short, not half the length of the costa, with a stout club,
terminating abruptly in a short crook. The palpi have the third joint very short and
stout. The primaries have the cell less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the
discocellulars are oblique, the upper one long; the lower radial is strongly depressed
at the base, arising at or near the lower angle of the cell; the first branch arises a
little before the middle of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the
cell. The secondaries have the discocellulars faint. The middle tibie are distinctly
spined (except in A. hecale) ; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries
of the male have a long, broad, oblique brand of small, dull, greyish, closely compacted
scales, extending from the base of the second median branch to the submedian
nervure before the middle.

1. Augiades heras, sp.n. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 24-26, ¢.)

Alis brunneo-fuscis, stigmate nigrescente; anticis maculis duabus parvis elongatis ad cellule finem, tertia
subquadrata inter ramos discoidales, punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, fulvis, in costa dense,
et dimidio basali sparsim, squamis fulvis tectis; posticis fascia maculari curvata prope apicem et dimidio
interno pilis fulvis ornatis: subtus ferrugineis, anticis costa dimidio basali et area submediana a basi
ad ramum medianum secundum nigrescentibus, maculis duabus infra cellulam inter ramos medianos et
punctis subapicalibus sicut in pagina superiore, omnibus fulvis; posticis fasciis curvatis transversis
indistinctis, ochraceis ; ciliis fulvis, apicem anticarum versus obscurioribus.

@ ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Of this very distinct species we have received three males from Western Mexico,
where they were taken at an altitude of 8000 feet. The general colour of the upper
surface is much richer than in most of the allied forms. For the genitalia of the male,
see Tab. XCIII. fig. 26.

2. Augiades hecale, sp.n. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 27-29, g.)

Alis fulvis, stigmate fusco-nigrescente; anticis venis, margine externo macula ultra cellulam elongata, et
posticis marginibus omnibus fuscis: subtus ochraceis, punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus

AUGIADES.—ZARIASPES, 485

pallidioribus area submediana a basi ad ramum medianum secundum extendente, macula magna
subquadrata ramo mediano primo divisa flavida; posticis linea maculari transversa curvata subapicali
et macula basin propiore pallide ochraceis.

2 ignota.
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme and Xucumanatlan in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Orizaba
(Hf. J. Elwes); Guatemaa, Chilasco (Champion).

Four males of this species have been sent us, from as many different localities,
from elevations between 5000 and 8000 feet. The large stigma and dark nervures
distinguish it from most of its American allies. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. XCIIL. fig. 29.

V. Antenne short, with a rather slender club, terminating in a short crook; terminal
joint of the palpi short; hind tibie with a single pair of spurs; primaries of
the male without a brand.

ZARIASPES, gen. nov.

Two species are referred to this genus, of which Urbanus mys, Hiibn., may be
taken as the type; the latter is a common ‘Tropical-American insect, and the other is
confined to Western Mexico. U. mys bears a strong superficial resemblance, especially
in the female sex, to Padraona epictetus (Fabr.), which has a similar geographical
distribution; but differs from it in having shorter antenne, with a much shorter
crook, the palpi clothed with densely matted scales, and the hind tibie with a single
pair of spurs.

The antenne are less than half the length of the costa, and have a moderately stout
club, terminating abruptly in a short crook. The palpi are clothed with densely
matted, adpressed, hair-like scales; the third joint is short, bluntly conical, and
suberect. The primaries are narrow, somewhat pointed at the tip; the cell is less
than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one
very short; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises a little
before the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the cell.
The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the discocellulars are barely traceable.
The body is moderately stout. The middle and hind tibie are without spines, each
with a single pair of spurs. The primaries are without trace of a brand in the male.

1. Zariaspes mys. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 30, 31, ¢.)
Urbanus vigilans mys, Hiibn. Samml. exot. Schmett. t. 158. ff. 1, 2 (¢),3,4(9)’.
Pamphila dukolum, Blake, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vii., Proc. Ent. Sect. p. ix (1879) °.
Pamphila epictetus, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 297, t. 99 (3) (nec Fabr.) *.

Alis fulvis, anticis costa ultra cellulam, margine externo et interno, striga mediana angulata (interdum
interrupta) a basi ad cellule finem extendente, macula triangulari subapicali, nigro-fuscis; posticis

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1900. 3R

486 . RHOPALOCERA.

marginibus externis et internis anguste, limbo costali late, nigro-fuscis: subtus flavis, anticis area
discali fulvis, ad basin (nisi in costa) et ad angulum analem nigro-fuscis, posticis marginem interiorem

versus fulvis.
© mari similis, sed colore nigro-fusco magis extenso, posticis margine externo latiore ; ciltis fulvis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith & Schumann), Paso de San Juan in Vera Cruz
(coll. Schaus) ; Guatema.a, Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Panima in Vera Paz
(Champion); Honpuras ( Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Costa Rica (Gabb 2); Panama, Chiriqui? (mus. Staudinger), Bugaba (Arcé), Panama
city (J. J. Walker).—Sovutn America to Paraguay.

Mr. H. H. Smith procured us a long series of this species from Atoyac in Vera
Cruz, and we also possess numerous specimens from more southern localities; upwards
of fifty of these are males and only four females; the examples, too, that
Dr. Staudinger has sent us for examination are all males. We are by no means
sure that the female insect figured by Hiibner belongs to the same species. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIII. fig. 31. |

2. Zariaspes mythecus, sp. n. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 32-34, 3; 35, 36,2.)

Alis nitide ochraceis, anticis costa apicem versus, margine externo et interno lineaque angusta discocellulari,
nigro-fuscis, costa posticarum quoque coloris ejusdem: subtus ochraceo-flavis, anticis plaga ad basin
nigro-fusca.

¢. Alis fulvis, anticis costa apicem versus, margine externo et interno, fascia interrupta a basi per cellulam
extendente, et macula triangulari ultra eam, nigro-fuscis; posticis marginibus omnibus coloris ejusdem :
subtus flavis, anticis fascia mediana a basi ad cellule finem, interdum interrupta, et macula ad angulum
analem fuscis, area inter eas ochraceo tinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Dos Arroyos, R. Papagaio, Acaguizotla, all in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith).

Our collection contains eight males and four females of this pretty species, captured
by Mr. H. H. Smith in Western Mexico, where it inhabits the low land. Though the
sexes are so dissimilar in colour, we have no hesitation in placing them together, both
males ‘and females having been obtained in three out of the four localities where the
insect was met with.

Z. mythecus is a close ally of Z. mys (Hiibn.), but is much larger and the males are
differently coloured ; the females, however, of the two forms are very similar. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIII. fig. 34.

VI. Antenne short, with a stout or moderately stout club, terminating in a short
crook; terminal joint of the palpi short; hind tibie with two pairs of spurs;
primaries of the male with or without a brand, the latter, when presents
moderately developed or inconspicuous.

POANOPSIS, gen. nov.
We take Pamphila pusillius, Mab., from Mexico, as the type of this genus. In the

POANOPSIS.—PARATRYTONE. A87

short, broad wings, &c. it agrees with Poanes, the type of which is the North-American
P. massasoit, Scudd., but differs in having a conspicuous oblique brand on the primaries
in the male.

The antenne are short, not half the length of the costa, and have a very stout,
moderately long club, terminating in a short crook. The palpi have the third joint
short, stout, and bluntly conical. The primaries are short and broad, blunt at the tip;
the cell is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
are oblique, the lower one much shorter than the upper, and about as long as the third
median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises
before the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the
cell. ‘The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle, the discocellulars faint. The
body is robust, very hairy beneath. The middle and hind tibie are spined, the latter
with two pairs of spurs. The cilia of both wings are very long. The primaries of the
male have a conspicuous oblique brand, running from the base of the second median
branch to the submedian nervure.

1. Poanopsis puxillius. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 37-40, ¢.)
Pamphila puxillius, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. clxx (¢)’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigrescente; anticis maculis duabus (interdum obsoletis) inter ramos medianos, interiore
majore, aliis duabus minutis subapicalibus in linea transversa, sordide albis: subtus pallidioribus, maculis
ut supra; anticis dimidio basali (nisi in costa) obscurioribus ; posticis linea maculosa curvata margini
interno subparalleli (interdum obsolete) indistincte albida; ciliis elongatis, sordide albis.

Q mari similis, sed major.

Hab. Mexico (mus. Staudinger+), Milpas and Ciudad in Durango (Forrer), Bolafios

(Richardson), Omilteme in Guerrero (1. H. Smith).

Of this insect we have three males and one female before us, all from the high table-
lands of Mexico; that from Milpas has the spots between the median branches almost
obsolete. Mabille’s description was taken from a single male. We have identified the
species from a specimen lent us by Dr. Staudinger. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. XCIII. fig. 40.
PARATRYTONE, gen. nov.

The two Mexican insects referred to this genus agree in their general structure with
Atrytone, but they differ from it in having an oblique linear brand on the primaries in
the male. The genitalia in this sex are also very unlike those of any of the species of
Atrytone, the harpes being broadly rounded at the tip. As in some of the members
of the last-mentioned genus, the costa of the secondaries is clothed with very long
projecting hairs at the base, these being so elongate in the males as to extend beyond
the costa of the primaries when the wings are extended. P. rhexenor is taken as the
type. |

The antenne are not half the length of the costa, and have a very stout, short club,

3R 2

488 RHOPALOCERA.

terminating in a short crook. ‘he third joint of the palpi is very short and bluntly
conical, almost concealed, ‘The primaries and secondaries are shaped as in Atrytone,
the costa of the latter clothed with very long hairs at the base. The middle and hind
tibia are spined, the latter with two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have
an oblique linear brand running from the base of the second median branch to the

submedian nervure.

1. Paratrytone rhexenor, sp.n. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 41-43, ¢ .)

Alis fuscis, stigmate obscuriore; anticis macula lunulata inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, altera
minuta ultra eam, una supra venam submedianam, aliis duabus minutissimis juxta cellule finem, et punctis
tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, flavidis; posticis maculis in serie subapicali coloris ejusdem :
subtus rufo-fuscis, area submediana a basi usque ad ramum secundum medianum fuscescente, maculis ut in
pagina superiore ; posticis strigis maculosis longitudinalibus subparallelibus, interiore interrupta, albidis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Las Vigas (coll. Schaus).

Mr. Schaus’s collection contains three males and one female of this species, and
Mr. Forrer has sent us a male from Durango. The markings on the underside of the
secondaries of this insect are very peculiar, unlike those of any other species of
Pamphiline known to us. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIII. fig. 43.

2. Paratrytone polyclea, sp.n. (Tab. XCIII. figg. 44, 45, ¢ .)

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigrescente; anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, ea in medio
maxima, una in cellula, punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, stramineis; posticis fascia
maculosa transversa apicem versus coloris ejusdem: subtus griseo-fuscis, anticis dimidio interiore
obscuriore, maculis ut supra, posticis squamis flavis irroratis et fascia transversa paging superioris
indistincte indicata.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

A single male taken by Mr. H. H. Smith at Omilteme in Guerrero, at an altitude of
8000 feet, is all we know of this species. P. polyclea closely resembles Atrytone
melane on the upperside, except that it has a spot in the cell and a conspicuous brand ;
beneath, the coloration is very different.

PHYCANASSA.
Phycanassa, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 77 (1872) ; Butt. E. U.S. ii. p. 1600 (1889);
Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 111. .

The type and only hitherto recorded representative of this genus is the North-
American P. viator (Edw.). We refer to it a single species from Western Mexico, of
which, unfortunately, females only have been received. Phycanassa agrees with Poanes’
in its comparatively broad wings and somewhat porrect palpi, as well as in the form of
the genitalia of the males, but differs from it in having the first median branch of the
primaries arising from nearer the base of the median nervure. |

PHYCANASSA.—ATRYTONE, 489

The antenne are less than half the length of the costa, and have a stout club,
terminating in a rather short crook. The palpi are somewhat porrect and clothed
with long hair-like scales; the third joint is short, stout, and bluntly conical. The
primaries are broad ; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are oblique, the lower one very short; the lower radial is depressed at the
base; the first branch arises from a little before the middle of the median nervure, the
second close to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are broad; the disco-
cellulars faint. ‘The body is robust. The middle and hind tibiz are spined, the latter
with two pairs of spurs. The primaries are without trace of a brand in the male.

A figure of the male genitalia of the North-American P. viator is given on
Tab. XCIV. fig. 1.

1. Phycanassa psaumis, sp. n. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 2, 3, 2 .)

@. Alis fuscis, anticis fascia curvata, angulata ad cellule finem, ad medium venx submediane extendente,
macula inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium quoque angulata, duabus minoribus marginem externum
propioribus, punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, fulvis; posticis area discali coloris ejusdem :
subtus anticis ad basin obscurioribus, costa et apud cellule finem fulvis, angulum analem versus late flavis,
maculis ut supra, anticis ad apicem et posticis omnino fuscis squamis griseis sparsim vestitis.

Hab. Mexico, Bolafios in Jalisco (Richardson).

Our description is taken from two females. They are obviously allied to P. viator
(Edwards), but differ from that insect in having the two spots between the median
branches in the transverse band of the primaries strongly angulate; the underside, too,
of the secondaries is darker and more uniform in colour *.

ATRYTONE.
Atrytone, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 77 (1872); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 111.

Watson gives Hesperia iowa, Scudd. (=H. arogos, Boisd.), as the type of this genus,
and includes several other species in it, all from North America. We refer numerous
Central-American forms to Aérytone, which agree in the following characters :—

Antenne not or barely half the length of the costa, with a short stout club, terminating
abruptly in a short crook. Palpi with the third joint very short, bluntly conical.
Primaries with the cell less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
oblique, the lower one very short ; the lower radial much depressed at the base; the first
branch arising a little before the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the
lower angle of the cell. Secondaries slightly lobed at the anal angle, the discocellulars
faint. Body robust. Middle and hind tibie more or less distinctly spined, the latter
with two pairs of spurs. The primaries without trace of a brand in the male.

In all the species referred by us to Atrytone, except A. delaware, A. mella, A. metiona,

* We have received four examples of an allied form from Colombia, one of which was sent us by Dr. Staudinger

under the name of Pamphila azin, Mabille ; but this is a very much smaller insect.

490 , RHOPALOCERA.

and A. myron, the costa of the secondaries at the base is clothed with long projecting
hairs, which are more conspicuous in the male than in the female. The genitalia of
the males of A. vitellius, A. myron, and A. rolla differ considerably from those of the
other species, as will be seen by a reference to our Plate. ‘The sexes of A. myron and
A. zabulon have the wings very dissimilarly coloured on the upperside. The females
of all the species appear to be very much rarer than the males. The genus is repre-
sented all through Tropical America. Pamphila perfida, Moschl., from Colombia,
belongs here. According to Mr. Scudder and Dr. Skinner, the North-American
A. hobomok (Harris) has two forms of female—one very like the male, the other a dark
form (Lesperia pocahontas, Scudd.) closely resembling the same sex of A. zabulon.

a. Primaries and secondaries of the male partly fulvous above,
the fringe fulvous or griseous.

1. Atrytone delaware. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 4, 5, 6, 3.)
Pamphila delaware, W. H. Edwards, Proc, Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 19, t. 5. f. 2 (g)'.
Pamphila logan, W. H. Edwards, loc. cit. p. 18, t. 1. £.5 (2)?
Atrytone logan, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 77°.
Alis fulvis, ad basin obscurioribus, anticis margine externo anguste et venis fuscis; posticis marginibus omnibus
et venis coloris ejusdem: subtus ochraceis, ad basin (nisi in costa) et margine interno nigro-fuscis
_ Hab. Norra America, Pennsylvania! 2, Florida—Mexico, Rincon and Venta de
Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.).

We refer three males from Mexico and Guatemala with some hesitation to this
species. They agree, however, with others of the same sex from Pennsylvania and
Florida in our collection, and also with Edwards’s figures.

A. delaware differs from A. vitellius (Fabr.), as understood by us, in having the
primaries of the male more pointed at the apex and without a distinct fuscous
patch beyond the end of the cell. The females, from Florida, have the base and outer
margins of both wings broadly marked with fuscous, the primaries also having a fuscous
streak at the end of the cell. The male of A. delaware is also very like the same sex
of the South-American A. perfida (Méschler), but it is paler, and has a narrow fuscous
margin to the primaries, the veins in these wings are also much less distinctly marked
with fuscous. A specimen from Rincon is figured.

We have examined the genitalia of a North-American specimen only: see
Tab. XCIV. fig. 6.

2, Atrytone zabulon. (Tab. XCIV. fig. 7,¢.)

Hesperia zabulon, Boisd. et Lec. Lép. Am. Sept. t. 76. ff. 6, 7°. ;

Atrytone zabulon, Scudd. Butt. E. U. S. & Canada, ii. p. 1617, t. 10. ff. 8, 10 (part.)?; Watson,
P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 111°.

Pamphila zabuion, Jones, Ent. News, viii. p. 121, t.7(¢ 9)‘; Skinner, Ent. News, xi. p. 413,
t. 2. .5,6(8),7,8(9)%.

ATRYTONE. 491

Alis nitide fulvis, ad basin obscurioribus ; anticis apice et margine externo late, interno anguste, fuscis, punctis
tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, aliis duobus infra eos, fulvis; posticis marginibus omnibus fuscis:
subtus anticis fulvis, ad angulum analem et apicem versus, punctisque tribus subapicalibus sicut in pagina
superiore, flavescentibus, margine externo et ad basin late fuscis; posticis lete flavis, ad angulum analem
et ad basin fuscis, maculis variis coloris ejusdem in area discali.

Q. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis quinque in serie sinuosa obliqua, secunda maxima, quarta et quinta parvis,
punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, flavescentibus: subtus rufo-fuscis, maculis ut supra, litura
angulum analem versus flava; posticis rufo-fuscis, dimidio distali griseo-lavatis, fascia maculari marginem
externum versus et macula geminata apicali fulvis.

Hab. Nortu America! 5, Southern United States 2.—MEeExico, Omilteme and Xucuma-
natlan in Guerrero (7. H. Smith), Jalapa (FP. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes); GUATEMALA,
Central and Polochic Valleys (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Chilasco, San Geronimo, Duefias
(Champion); Cosra Rica (Van Patten), Caché, San Francisco, Irazu (Rogers).

A common species in the Southern United States and in Central America, ranging
southwards as far as Costa Rica. We have a series of some forty-six specimens, six
only of which are females. It is a very near ally of A. hobomok (Harris), an inhabitant
of Canada and the Northern States; it differs, however, from that insect in having a
more spotted underside to the secondaries in the male, and the nervures of both wings
are fulvous (instead of black) above in this sex.

Dr. Skinner has quite recently figured the sexes of both A. zabulon and A. hobomok,
and he states® that they have frequently been bred by Mr. Laurent. The females of
the more northern A. hobomok are dimorphic, but this is not the case in A. zabulon, so
far as at present known. For the genitalia of the male of A. zabulon, see Tab. XCIV.
‘fig. 7.

3. Atrytone rolla. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 8, 9, 10, 2.)
Pamphila rolla, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvil. p. lxx’.

Alis nitide fulvis, ad basin obscurioribus ; anticis margine exteriore ad apicem et ad angulum analem latiore,
venis et linea angusta discocellulari, fuscis; posticis marginibus ad apicem anguste, aliter late, fuscis :
subtus ochraceis, in area discali pallidioribus,”ad basin (nisi in costa), margine interno, ad angulum
analem, et linea ad cellule finem, fuscis; posticis indistincte ferrugineo maculatis, ad cellule finem

puncto minuto nigrescente.
9. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis quinque in serie sinuata obliqua, secunda maxima, punctisque tribus in linea

transversa subapicalibus, flavis : subtus anticis ut supra, sed litura submediana magna; posticis griseo et

fulvo marmoratis.
Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten), Rio Sucio (Rogers) ; Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé).—
SoutH AMERICA !.

Mabille compares this insect with A. zabulon, but it is perhaps more nearly allied
to A. perfida (Méschl.), which it somewhat closely resembles in the structure of the
male genitalia. The male of A. rolla may be distinguished from the same sex of
A. perfida by the very broad dark margins to both wings, and from that of A. zabulon
and A. hobomok by the different coloration of the underside of the secondaries.
Seven male specimens are before us, six of which are from Costa Rica, one of these
latter being shown on our Plate. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCIV. fig. 10.

492 RHOPALOCERA.

The females described, of which two were received with the males from the Rio
Sucio, seem to belong here, though they are scarcely separable from the same sex of
A, zabulon.

4, Atrytone vitellius. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 11, 12, 13, ¢.)
Hesperia vitellius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 327* (nec Smith & Abbot).
Thymelicus vitellius, Hiibn. Samm]. exot. Schmett. ii. t. 153°.

Pamphila insularis, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. elxxiv (1891) ’*.

Alis fulvis, ad basin obscurioribus, linea angusta elongata in cellula, macula discocellulari et margine externo,
fuscis ; posticis costa late ad medium introrsum angulata, margine externo angulum analem versus inter-
rupta et latiore, margineque interno, fuscis: subtus ochraceis, anticis ad basin (nisi in costa) et margine
interno anguste, vix ad angulum analem extendente, fuscis, maculis in serie ad marginem externum fere
obsoletis, fuscescentibus.

? mari similis, sed colore fusco magis extenso.

Hab. Guatemata, Duefias, Polochic Valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.).—Amazons; AN-
MLLES !, St. Thomas °,

There is a good deal of confusion as to what is the true Hesperia vitellius, Fabricius,
the type of which is said to come from the West Indies. We have four male
examples, including both sexes, from St. Thomas, which seem to us to answer the
brief description of this insect, and with these we associate two males from Guatemala
and a female from the Amazons. Hiibner’s figures show very clearly the characteristic
angulation of the inner edge of the dark costal border of the secondaries, as well as
the wider interrupted band at the anal angle of these wings.

Two males have been dissected, one from St. Thomas and one from Guatemala, and
we find that the genitalia in both are similarly formed. Dr. Staudinger has lent us a
pair of P. insularis, Mab., from St. Thomas. A specimen from Duefias is figured.
For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIV. fig. 13.

5. Atrytone mella, sp.n. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 14, 15, 16, 3.)

Alis fulvis, anticis margine externo late, interno anguste, striga mediana (interdum interrupta ad cellule
finem) et venis, fuscis; posticis area discali venis fuscis divisa, fulva: subtus ochraceis, anticis area
submediana a basi ad ramum medianum secundum nigrescente, maculis duabus magnis ramo mediano
primo diviso pallidioribus ; posticis linea margini interno subparalleli fusca.

@ ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Panama, Chiriqui (er Staudinger).—Braziu,

Chapada ; Bottvia.

We have seen twelve examples of this species, including one from Southern Mexico
and three from Chiriqui, all males. It is a close ally of A. perfida, Méschler, from
Colombia, but differs from it in having the fuscous margins on the upperside broader,
and there is an interrupted longitudinal stripe of the same colour along the median

ATRYTONE. 493

nervure. A Chiriqui specimen is figured. For the genitalia of the male, see
Tab. XCIV. fig. 16.

6. Atrytone mellona, sp.n, (Tab. XCIV. figg. 17, 18, 19, 3.)

Alis fuscis, anticis striga elongata supra venam submedianam, maculis duabus in linea obliqua infra et ultra
cellulam, serie obliqua macularum marginem internum versus, infima maxima, ultima externe excisa,
costa, cellula partim et punctis tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, fulvis; posticis fascia maculari
aplcem versus, macula elongata ad cellule finem, fulvis: subtus ochraceis aut ferrugineis, anticis ad basin
(nisi in costa), ad marginem internum et ad marginem externum ultra angulum analem late, et venis
discoidalibus fuscis, serie obliqua macularum ut in pagina superiore sed pallide flavis, posticis linea
maculari curvata subapicali pallide flava.

@ ignota.

Hab. Mxxico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), Soledad, ‘Tierra Colorada, Dos Arroyos,

Rio Papagaio, and Acaguizotla, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (Schumann,

H. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer); GuaTEMALA,

Pacific coast, Polochic and Chisoy Valleys (f. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo (Cham-
pron); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—GUIANA.

We have seen eighteen males of this species, all but one from Central America.
The males differ from those of A. mel/a in having the fulvous coloration less extended
on the upperside, and forming sharply defined markings. A Mexican specimen is
figured. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCIV. fig. 19.

b. Primaries and secondaries of the male with fulvous, flavous, or white spots, those
on the secondaries sometimes indistinct ; the fringe fulvous or griseous.
7. Atrytone myron, sp.n. (Tab. XCIV. fige. 20, 21, 22, 3; 23, 24, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, illa in medio maxima, infima
elongata venam submedianam attingente: subtus anticis fuscis, costa et apice ochraceis aut viridi-
ochraceis, maculis sicut in pagina superiore sed majoribus, infima maxima, elongata et pallide flava ;
posticis ochraceis aut viridi-ochraceis immaculatis.

9. Alis fuscis, maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra celiulam, ea in medio subquadrata, infima venam

submedianam attingente, una minuta subapicali (interdum absente), sordide albis: subtus anticis fuscis,
costa et apice viridi-ochraceis sicut in mare, sed sordide albis ; posticis immaculatis et viridi-ochraceis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac and Fortin in Vera Cruz (UZ. H. Smith), Coatepec (cold.
Schaus); Panama, Chiriqul (mus. Staudinger) —CoLomBia ; VENEZUELA; BRITISH
GuIANA; BOLIVIA.

Of this species we have seen six specimens from Eastern Mexico, including both
sexes, a male from Chiriqui, and three males from more southern localities. In its
markings the male of A. myron is exceedingly like the same sex of A. helva, but on
dissecting examples of each we find that the genitalia differ widely. The primaries,
too, of the present species have the spot nearest the inner margin more elongate and
the median spot relatively larger; on the underside, the lowest spot of the oblique
series is very much larger than the rest, and it is usually of a dirty white colour,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., August 1900. 38

494, RHOPALOCERA.

whereas in A helva it is much smaller and more isolated. The female is very different
from that of A. helva. It may be noted that in A. myron the wings in both sexes are
similarly coloured beneath, though they are very dissimilar above. A pair from
Atoyac are figured. The two males we have dissected are respectively from Fortin,
Mexico, and Roraima, Guiana; these agree perfectly in the structure of the genitalia,
see Tab. XCIV. fig. 22.

8. Atrytone helva. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 25, 26, 27, ¢; 28, 29, 2.)
?. Pamphila helva, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 336, t. 4. f. 207.
3. Pamphila sethos, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 178, f. 2°.

d. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, infima parva et venam
submedianam attingente, una minuta subapicali, posticis tribus discalibus parvis venis divisis, fulvis:
subtus anticis fuscis, costa et apice ochraceis, maculis ut in pagina superiore, sed majoribus et coloris
ejusdem ; posticis sordide ochraceis, maculis discalibus pagine superioris fere obsoletis.

2. Alis fuscis, anticis costa et basi squamis fulvis tectis, maculis duabus quadratis elongatis inter ramos
medianos ad cellule finem, tertia supra venam submedianam, omnibus seriem obliquam formantibus,
punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, fulvis; posticis apicem versus macula yena divisa coloris
ejusdem : subtus ochraceis, ad basin (nisi in costa) et margine interno late fuscis, maculis sicut in
pagina superiore, sed flavis, punctis subapicalibus fere obsoletis; posticis fascia curvata transversa
indistincta quoque flava.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (coll. Schaus); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama,

Chiriqui (Ribée, ex Staudinger).—CoromBia, Santa Marta; Gutana, Surinam!;

AMAZONS, Para.

Through the kindness of Dr. Staudinger we have been enabled to examine the types
of P. helva and P. sethos, and we have little hesitation in treating them as belonging
to one species, the chief difference being the narrower and more elongate shape of the
second spot of the oblique series on the primaries in the female, and the more distinct
subapical spots in this sex. We have seen a female from Coatepec agreeing with
P. helva, and we have males from Chontales, Chiriqui, and Santa Marta agreeing with
P. sethos. ‘The base of the costa of the secondaries in both sexes is clothed with very
Jong blackish hairs.. The type of P. sethos, a male, from Chiriqui, and a female from
Coatepec, agreeing with the type of P. helva, are figured. The genitalia of two males
have been dissected, see Tab. XCIV. fig. 27.

9. Atrytone melane, (Tab. XCIV. figg. 30, 31, 32, ¢; 33, 34, 9 .)
Hesperia melane, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii. p- 812 (6 2)".

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis quatuor in serie obliqua sinuosa infra et ultra cellulam, illa apicem proxima
minuta, tertia maxima, quarta triangulari, punctis tribus subapicalibus in serie transversa, ochraceis ;
posticis macula aut fascia venis divisa apicem versus coloris ejusdem: subtus rufescenti-ferrugineis,
anticis ad basin (nisi in costa) et area submediana usque ad ramum medianum secundum fuscis, maculis
ut in pagina superiore; posticis fascia maculosa irregulari submarginali flavescente, interdum obsoleta,

? mari similis, sed anticis maculis majoribus et pallidioribus, posticis subtus maculis flavis minus distinctis,

Hab. Nortu America, California 1.—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Pinal, Puebla

ATRYTONE. 495

(H. J. Elwes & F. D. G.), Aguas Calientes, Amecameca (F. D. G.), Omilteme, Amula,
and Xucumanatlan, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Las Vigas (coll. Schaus); Guave-

MALA, Volcan de Fuego (F. D. G. & 0. S.); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama,
Chiriqui (mus. nostr.).

We have a long series of this species from our region, including both sexes.
Dr. Staudinger has sent us males of it from Mexico labelled Pamphila marmorosa
(H.-S.); but as the type of the latter is a Cuban insect, we hesitate to use this name,
which has a few years’ priority over that of Edwards. Central-American examples
usually have the spots on the upperside of the secondaries more distinct than in those
from the United States; the individuals from Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Chiriqui are
also smaller than those from more northern localities. The females (which may be
known from the same sex of A. zabulon and its allies by the fulvous spots on the
upperside of the secondaries) differ from the males in having larger and paler spots
on the primaries, these being almost hyaline in some specimens, and there is often a
small additional spot between the two lower ones of the oblique series on these wings
in this sex; they also have the underside of the secondaries more obscurely coloured,
the irregular angulated yellow fascia being much less distinct. We have dissected
males from California, Puebla, and Costa Rica, and find no difference in the structure
of the genitalia, for which see Tab. XCIV. fig. 32. The male and female insects
figured are both from Puebla.

10. Atrytone gala, sp.n. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 35, 36, o.)

¢. Alis fuscis, squamis ochraceis sparsim vestitis, maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam,
duabus minutissimis ad cellule finem, punctis tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, flavidis ; posticis
fascia maculosa curvata subapicali coloris ejusdem: subtus griseo-fuscis, anticis dimidio interiore
obscuriore, maculis ut supra, in costa, ad apicem et posticis omnino squamis flavis ornatis, fascia

maculosa posticarum quoque indistincte indicata.

Hab. Mexico, Las Vigas (coll. Schaus).

Mr. Schaus’s collection contains a single male example of this insect from Las Vigas,
which we have ventured to describe.

A. gala closely resembles A. melane on the upper surface, but has two additional
minute spots in the cell of the primaries, and the band on the secondaries is more
extended and bent inwards towards the inner margin. The underside also of the
secondaries is differently coloured.

11. Atrytone monticola, sp.n. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 37, 38, 39, 3; 40, 2.)
Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, secunda majore, punctis tribus
subapicalibus in linea transversa, ochraceis, posticis macula parva apicem versus coloris ejusdem: subtus
anticis fuscis, costa squamis flavidis tectis, ad apicem late rufo-ferrugineis, maculis ut in pagina superiore ;

382

496 RHOPALOCERA.

posticis quoque rufo-ferrugineis, marginem internum versus obscurioribus, fascia maculosa obliqua, ad
cellule finem valde angulata, alba, et in angulis castaneis aut ochraceis; ciliis posticarum et ad angulum
analem anticarum griseis, aliter fuscis.

2 mari similis, sed anticis et posticis versus apicem squamis schistaceo-griseis tectis; anticis maculis
majoribus, alia minutissima infra punctos subapicales, subtus alia obliqua inter primum et
secundum.

Hab. Mexico, Aguas Calientes, Amecameca (F. D. G.), Las Vigas (coll. Schaus).

This, too, is an inhabitant of the highlands of Mexico, ranging from 8000 to
10,000 feet. It is a common insect on the plain at the foot of Popocatepetl.
A. monticola is a northern representative of the Guatemalan A. niveoliinbus, but differs
from it in having the fringe of both wings and the costal margin of the primaries
dark. In the females there is a small additional spot in the oblique series on the
primaries, and on the underside of these wings there is an oblique yellow streak just
below the largest spot. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIV. fig. 39.

c. Primaries with hyaline spots; the fringe of both wings white.

12. Atrytone niveolimbus. (‘Tab. XCIV. figg. 41, 42, 43, 3.)
Pamphila niveolimbus, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, pp. 188, 134, f. 17.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis duabus, interiore majore ad cellule finem inter ramos medianos (interdum
obsoletis), punctis tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, margine costali (nisi ad basin) anguste, albis :
subtus anticis fuscis, costa squamis flavidis tectis, ad apicem late rufo-ferrugineis, maculis ut in pagina
superiore; posticis quoque rufo-ferrugineis, marginem internum versus obscurioribus, fascia maculosa
obliqua, ad cellule finem valde angulata, alba, et in angulo ochracea aut castanea.

9 nobis ignota.

Hab. Guatemata!, Calderas on the slopes of the Volcan de Fuego (F. D. G. & O. S.),
Totonicapam, Quiché Mountains (Champion).

This handsome species is readily recognizable by the white costal margin of the
primaries and the white fringe to both wings; it also has an oblique angular series of
white spots on the secondaries beneath. We have five males of it from Guatemala,
from elevations between 7000 and 10,000 feet, and the type received from
Dr. Staudinger is of the same sex. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIYV.
fig. 43.

d. Primaries and secondaries of both sexes uniformly fuscous above; the fringe of
both wings griseous.

13. Atrytone inimica. (Tab. XCIV. figg. 44, 45, 46, ¢; 47, 2.)
Pamphila inimica, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 114°.
Alis nitente fuscis immaculatis: subtus rufo-fuscis, anticis ad apicem cinnamomeis et squamis albis limbatis,

inter ramos medianos, et angulum analem versus, flavescentibus ; posticis colore cinnamomeo marmoratis.
© mari similis.

ATRYTONE.—ATRYTONOPSIS. 497

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Edwards, coll. Schaus), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes); Guaremaa,
San Gerdnimo and Panima in Vera Paz, Duefias, Zapote, Chilasco (Champion);
Costa Rica (Van Patten4), Caché, Irazu, Rio Sucio (ftogers); Panama, Chiriqui
(ex Staudinger).—CouomBia ; VENEZUELA.

Of this species we possess a long series from Central and South America, the insect
ranging from the Mexican State of Vera Cruz to Venezuela. A. inimica may be known
from all the allied forms by the uniform fuscous colour of the upper surface of
the wings. We figure a pair from Orizaba. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. XCIV. fig. 46.

BUZYGES, gen. nov.

Amongst the non-branded American forms placed by us provisionally under Atrytone
there is one, from Costa Rica, that we are compelled to separate, it having a much
longer club to the antenne, the club, moreover, being densely clothed with scales to
near the tip. ‘The secondaries, as in many species of Atrytone, are clothed with long
projecting hairs at the base of the costa. ‘The genitalia of the males are not unlike
those of Atrytone myron and A. rolla, the harpes being truncated at the tip. ‘The
antennee are about half the length of the costa, and have a long, stout club, terminating
in a rather short crook, the club itself densely clothed with scales (above and beneath)
to near the tip. ‘The third joint of the palpi is very short and bluntly conical. ‘The
neuration of the wings is like that of Atrytone, and the legs are formed as in that
genus. The primaries are without trace of a brand in the male.

1. Buzyges idothea, sp.n. (Tab. XCV. figg. 1, 2, 38, 3; 4, 5, 2.)
Alis lete brunneo-fuscis, anticis plaga magna subovali in area discali, punctis tribus in linea transversa sub-
apicalibus, duobus (interdum uno) infra eos, fulvis: subtus ferrugineis, anticis ad basin (nisi in costa),
margine interno anguste ad angulum analem late, fuscis, maculis sieut in pagina superiore, sed punctis
subapicalibus (fere obsoletis) castaneo irroratis; ciliis anticarum ad angulum analem et posticarum
omnino ochraceis; clava antennarum quoque ochracea.
© mari similis, sed anticis plaga discali venis tripartita.

Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Sucio, Trazu (Rogers).

Mr. Rogers procured us a long series of this species from Costa Rica—all males, but
one. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV. fig. 3.

ATRYTONOPSIS, gen. nov.

We take Hesperia deva, Edw., as the type of this genus, and also include in it
H. hianna, Scudd., and Pamphila pittacus and P. python, Kdw.; all are North-American,
three of them entering Northern Mexico. It is allied to Atrytone and Paratrytone,
from which it differs in having the primaries more produced at the tip in the males;
the secondaries have a shorter cell, and their discocellulars are more transverse ; the

498 RHOPALOCERA.

brand in the male is narrow, in some species not easily seen till the larger scales are
removed.

The antenne are considerably less than half the length of the costa, and have a
stout club, terminating in a short crook. The palpi have the third joint short, stout,
and bluntly conical. The primaries are strongly produced at the apex ; the cell is much
less than two-thirds the length of the costa and produced at the apex; the upper
discocellular is very oblique, and fully twice the length of the lower; the lower radial
is depressed at its base; the first branch arises from a little before the middle of the
median nervure, the second from close to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the cell is short and broad; the discocellulars
are transverse and very faint, except at their origin. The body is robust. ‘The middle
and hind tibiz are spined, the latter with two pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries of the
male have a very narrow, indistinct, sinuous, oblique, interrupted brand, extending from
the base of the second median segment to the submedian nervure, this being more
apparent in A. hianna than in A. deva or A. pittacus.

We have dissected the genitalia of the males of three of the species and find them
very similar,

a. Secondaries immaculate above.

1, Atrytonopsis deva. (‘Tab. XCV. figg. 6-9, ¢; 10, 2.)

Hesperia deva, W. H: Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. v. p. 292 (?)?.

Pamphila deva, W. H. Edwards, op. cit. ix. p. 4 (9)*; Papilio, iv. p.55(¢ 9)* (nec P. deva,
W.H. Edwards, Papilio, ii. p. 188).

Alis pallide nitente fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis transversis duabus, una inter ramos medianos
primum et secundum, altera ultra eam minore, punctisque tribus in serie transversa, omnibus albo-hyalinis :
subtus ut supra, anticis angulum analem versus grisescentibus, posticis fascia maculari recta transversa
ultra cellulam fusco-brunnea, anticis costa et apice late posticisque squamis cinereis dense vestitis ; ciliis
posticarum albis.

mari similis, sed maculis majoribus, anticis macula submediana albida; posticis subtus maculis duabus
transversis subcostalibus coloris ejusdem.

Hab, Norru America, Arizona !?3—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

Numerous specimens of both sexes of this species have been sent us from Sonora
by Morrison, as well as two from Arizona. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. XCV. fig. 9.

6. Secondaries spotted above.
2, Atrytonopsis pittacus, (Tab. XCV. figg. 11, 12, 13, 3.)

Pamphila pittacus, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, ii. p. 188 (¢ ?)'; Skinner, Ent. News, xi. p. 414,
t. 2. ff. 17,18 (go).

Alis pallide uitente fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis discalibus quatuor, una in cellula geminata,
secunda parva submediana, tertia subquadrata majore inter ramos medianos primum et secundum,

ATRYTONOPSIS.—LERODEA. 499

punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis; posticis linea maculari trans-
versa ultra cellulam, maculaque indistincta ad cellule finem, albis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis costa, et

apice late, posticisque squamis cinereis dense vestitis, maculis duabus indistinctis transversis subcostalibus
albis.
2 nobis ignota.

Hab. Norta America, Arizona! *,—Me_xico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

We possess four male examples of A. pittacus, derived from the same source as our
specimens of the preceding species, which it closely resembles. A. pittacus differs,
however, from that insect in having more spots on the primaries, and there is also a
transverse macular band on the secondaries. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. XCV. fig. 13.

3. Atrytonopsis python. (Tab. XCV. fige. 14, 15, @.)
Pamphila python, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, ii. p. 189 (¢)1.

2. A. pittaco similis, sed posticis maculis duabus apicem versus (nec fascia maculari) ornatis: subtus anticis
litura angulum analem versus grisea, posticis fascia maculari ultra cellulam in medio interrupta.

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona 1___Mrxico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

We have received a female example of this species from Morrison under the name of
Pamphila python, and it agrees fairly well with Edwards’s description. It is possible
that the insect may prove to belong to A. pittacus, the female of which is unknown to
us. Mr. Edwards’s description of P. python was based upon a single specimen of that
sex from Arizona.

LERODEA.
Lerodea, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 80 (1872) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 106 (part.).

This genus, the type of which is Hesperia eyfala, Edw., is perhaps most nearly allied
to Atrytonopsis and Prenes. It differs from the latter, however, in having a shorter
crook to the antenne; the primaries are less elongate, not hollowed on the outer
margin, the cell is relatively shorter, and the genitalia of the type, too, are very
differently formed in the male. There is no trace of a brand on the primaries in
this sex.

The antenne are considerably less than half the length of the costa, and have a
stout club, terminating in a short crook. The palpi have the third joint short, stout,
erect, and bluntly conical. The primaries are narrow and somewhat pointed at the
tip; the cell is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are oblique, the lower one shorter than the upper; the lower radial is slightly
depressed at the base; the first branch arises from the middle of the median nervure,
the second from close to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly
lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are very faint. The body is robust. The

middle and hind tibie are spined; the latter have two pairs of spurs.
Lerodea has a wide range in America, extending from the United States to Chili

500 RHOPALOCERA.

and Peru. In addition to L. eufala, it includes a new species from Mexico described
below, and various South-American forms. Hesperia fusca, Grote and Robinson, from
the Southern United States, placed in Lerodea by Scudder and Watson, belongs to
our genus Megistias (type Hesperia tripunctata, Latr.); it has a longer crook to the
antenne, and the genitalia of the male are very differently formed.

1. Lerodea eufala. (Tab. XCV. figg. 16, 17, 18, ¢.)
Hesperia eufala, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii. p. 311 (o 9)".
Lerodea eufala, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 80°.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis minutis quatuor, duabus in cellula, una supra alteram posita (interdum obsoletis),
tertia inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, quarta ultra eam, punctisque tribus in linea transversa
subapicalibus, albo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis regione costali et apicali posticisque omnino
squamis griseis vestitis ; palpis et corpore subtus albidis; ciliis pallide griseis.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern States, Florida !.—Mexico, Guaymas (G. Mathew) ;

GuatemaLa, San Gerénimo (Champion)—Sourn America to Paraguay; ANTILLES,
Cuba.

Strecker and Morrison have both sent us specimens of this insect from the Southern
United States under the name of Pamphila osyka, Edw.*, and we have received others
from Brazil from Dr, Staudinger labelled P. eufala, with the very brief description of
which the present species agrees. We possess numerous examples of both sexes from
Georgia, Florida, and Texas, as well as a pair from within our limits. The two spots
in the cell are sometimes indistinct or absent, irrespective of sex. Our figure is taken
from a male from Florida, as we have received only a somewhat worn example of this
sex from Central America. The male dissected is also from the former locality, see

Tab. XOV. fig. 18.

2. Lerodea dysaules, sp.n. (Jab. XCV. figg. 19, 20, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus, una in cellula minuta, secunda majore inter ramos medianos primum et
secundum, tertia ultra eam, punctisque tribus in linea transversa, omnibus albo-hyalinis, macula quoque
submediana albida: subtus ut supra, sed anticis regione costali et apicali squamis griseis vestitis ; posticis
eodem more ornatis, fascia lata curvata obscura a margine costali apicem versus ultra cellule finem
extendente ; ciliis pallide griseis.

9 mari similis, maculis in cellula et inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium minus distinctis.

Hab, Mexico, Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. Z. Smith).

Mr. Smith procured us a pair of this species from Western Mexico.

L, dysaules is very like L. eufala, but differs from it in having a single spot only in
the cell of the primaries, and also in having a curved dark band running from the costa
to beyond the end of the cell on the underside of the secondaries.

* This species is described as having the primaries immaculate, and with a long brand in the male.

STOMYLES. 501

STOMYLES.
Stomyles, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p- 76 (1872).

This genus, the type of which is Pyrgus textor, Hiibn., is sunk by Watson as a
synonym of Amblyscirtes ; but as the male has a differently shaped brand *, and the
second median segment of the primaries is also a little lengthened to make room for
the upper portion of it, we retain the two as distinct. The lower radial nervure is
slightly depressed at the base, as in certain species of Amblyscirtes; the terminal joint
of the palpi also varies in length according to the species, being rather short in
S. teator and others, and moderately long and erect in S. nereus. The brand of the
male is formed of two longitudinal streaks, one running beneath the entire length of
the second median segment and a second under the first median branch, this latter in
S. textor extending nearly to the base of the wing; in S. fiorus there is an additional
piece just above the submedian nervure. In all other respects Stomyles agrees
with Amblyscirtes, and the genitalia of the males are also very similar. In addition
to Pyrgus textor, Hiibner, the genus includes Amblyscirtes tolteca, Scudd., Hesperia
nereus, Edw., and possibly H. comus, Edw., as well as a new species from Mexico
described below.

a. Terminal joint of the palpi short.

1. Stomyles tolteca. (Tab. XCV. figg. 21, 22, 23, ¢.)
Amblyscirtes tolteca, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 76 (1872) '.

Alis nitide fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis puncto duplici in cellula, tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus,
quinque in serie sinuosa obliqua a margine interno prope apicem extendente, albis; posticis punctis
minutis variis discalibus fere obsoletis : subtus ut supra, sed anticis punctis magis obviis, punctis sex aut
septem in serie submarginali flexuosa, aliis quatuor basin propioribus, albis.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), Acapulco (J. J. Walker), Jalapa (coll.

Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer), Tehuantepec }.

We have two females from Yucatan and two males from Western Mexico which we
assign to this species; there is also a male of it in Mr. Schaus’s collection. The male
from Acapulco differs slightly from the rest in having the white spots of the primaries
larger. Scudder’s types, from Tehuantepec, male and female, have been examined.

S. tolteca resembles Amblyscirtes nanno (Edwards), but differs from it in having a
double white spot in the cell of the primaries; the outer oblique series of spots is more
sinuous; and the male has a differently shaped brand. For the genitalia of the male,
see Tab. XCV. fig. 23.

* The North-American A. samoset, Scudd., differs again from Amblyscirtes in the shape of the brand, the
upper piece being elongate-triangular, and the lower piece in the form of a longitudinal streak. This insect,
however, has the first branch arising from very near the base of the median nervure.

BIOL. CENTR,-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1900. 3T

502 . RHOPALOCERA.

2. Stomyles florus, sp.n. (Tab. XCV. fig. 24, 3.)
Alis nitide fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, sed squamis albidis sparsim vestitis; ciliis griseis, fusco
maculatis ; palpis subtus albidis.
© ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson).

A single worn specimen only of this obscure species has been received. It is very
like Amblyscirtes fluonia, but has a much shorter terminal joint to the palpi; the brand
of the primaries is differently shaped (the streak below the first median branch being
much more extended), and there is an additional piece just above the submedian
nervure (as in Amblyscirtes folia and A. elissa); the under surface of the wings is also
darker and more uniformly coloured, the scattered whitish scales being very conspicuous.
For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV. fig. 24.

3. Stomyles comus. (Tab. XCV. figg. 25, 26, 2.)
Hesperia comus, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. v. p. 2037.
Pamphila comus, Aaron, Papilio, iv. p. 181 7.

Amblyscirtes comus, Watson, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 80°.
Amblyscirtes nilus, W. H. Edwards, Field & Forest, iii. p. 118 *.

Q. Alis nitide griseo-fuscis, anticis punctis minutis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, aliis tribus in
serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, albis: subtus pallidioribus, anticis punctis ut supra, sed magis obviis,
posticis punctis novem, sex in linea margini externo subparallelibus, aliis tribus basin propioribus,

Hab. Nortu America, Texas! 24,—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

Morrison sent us a single female example of this insect from Sonora, which agrees
very well with Edwards’s description. According to Mr. Aaron2, §. comus is not
uncommon in the Gulf-region of Texas.

As we have not a male at hand for examination, the species may not be correctly
placed here.

6. Terminal joint of the palpi moderately long and rather slender.

4. Stomyles nereus, (Tab. XCV. figg. 27-30, ¢.)
Hesperia nereus, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Sor. v. p. 207°.
Pamphila nereus, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, ii. p. 139.
Alis nitide fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis punctis subapicalibus quatuor in linea transversa, infimo minutis-
simo, aliis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, omnibus albis; posticis punctis subobsoletis in
linea margini exteriori subparallelibus: subtus anticis fere ut supra, sed punctis duobus obsoletis, posticis

griseis punctis octo, quinque in linea margini externo parallelibus, tribus basin propioribus albis.
© mari similis.

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona! 2.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

We are also indebted to Morrison for three males of this species from Fort Grant,

STOMYLES.—AMBLYSCIRTES. 503

as well as for a single female from Sonora; Mr. Edwards received his specimens from
Arizona from the same collector. It resembles J. comus, but is a good deal larger, the
terminal joint of the palpi is longer, and the lower oblique row of spots on the primaries
is much more distinct. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV. fig. 30.

AMBLYSCIRTES.

Amblyscirtes, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 75 (1872); Butt. E. U.S. & Canada, ii. p. 1575
(1889) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 80 (part.).

The type of Amblyscirtes is A. vialis (Edw.), and it includes various other North-
American forms, as well as several from Mexico. In A. vialis and A. enus (Edw.) the
lower radial nervure of the primaries is straight (the discocellulars being equal in
length), whereas in some of the other species (A. nanno &c.) it is slightly depressed at
the base. The primaries of the male have a faint, oblique, interrupted brand, this
being quite rudimentary in A. vialis* and more or less distinct in the other species.
The terminal joint of the palpi is moderately long in A. vialis and others, and short
in A. nanno, A. folia, &c. The genitalia of the males of all the species dissected are
very similar in structure, and we therefore place these insects under the one genus,
Amblyscirtes.

The antenne are less than half the length of the costa, and have a stout club,
terminating in a short crook. ‘The third joint of the palpi is moderately long and
erect (A. vialis &c.), or short and conical (A. nanno &c.). The primaries are blunt at
the tip; the cell is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the
discocellulars are oblique, the lower one sometimes a little shorter than the upper;
the lower radial is not or only slightly depressed at the base; the first branch arises
a little before the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle of
the cell. The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the discoceliulars are faint.
The body is moderately stout. The middle tibie are spined, the hind tibie have two
pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a narrow, oblique, interrupted brand,
extending from the base of the second median branch to below the first; in A. folia
and A. elissa it is continued in the direction of the submedian nervure by an isolated
additional piece.

‘The species, so far as we know at present, are confined to Mexico and the United
States, but we have females of an insect from Brazil which may belong here. All of
them have the cilia more or less spotted. Notwithstanding the very different form
of the antennz, Watson placed this genus next to Butleria, with which it has little

affinity.
* It disappears entirely in this insect when the larger scales are removed.

372

504 RHOPALOCERA.

a. Terminal joint of the palpi short.

1. Amblyscirtes nanno. (Tab. XCV. figg. 31-34, ¢.)
Amblyscirtes nanno, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, ii. p. 142°.

Alis fuscis, squamis fulvis aspersis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus,
aliis quatuor in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam fere ad marginem externum extendentibus, albia,
interdum quoque uno in cellula: subtus ut supra, sed anticis punctis magis distinctis ; posticis squamis
albidis sparsim vestitis, punctis quinque margini externo subparallelibus, aliis tribus basin propioribus,
albis.

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona!.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Bolanos
(Richardson), Orizaba (coll. Schaus).

Under the above name we have received five males and one female from Northern
Sonora, and a worn male from Bolafios seems to belong to the same species. Edwards’s
description of A. nanno, which was taken from a single female from Arizona, agrees
well with others of the same sex in our collection and with one in that of Mr. Schaus.
A specimen from Sonora is figured. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV.
fig. 34.

2. Amblyscirtes folia, sp.n. (Tab. XCV. figg. 35, 36, ¢.)

Alis nitide fuscis, squamis fulvis sparsim tectis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis puncto in cellula, tribus in linea
transversa subapicalibus, tribus aut quatuor in serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, albis: subtus ut
supra, sed anticis punctis magis distinctis, plaga ad angulum analem sordide alba; posticis squamis griseis
sparsim vestitis, punctis quinque in serie submarginali aliisque tribus basin propioribus, albis.

Hab. Mxxico, Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith), Lake Chapala (Aichardson).

We have received a pair of this insect from Chilpancingo and a female captured near
Lake Chapala. A. folia is closely allied to A. nanno, Edwards, but is much larger
and has a broad whitish patch at the anal angle of the primaries beneath; the
secondaries, also, are less mottled beneath.

6. Terminal joint of the palpi rather long.

8. Amblyscirtes fluonia, sp. n. (Tab. XCV. figg. 37, 38, 39, ¢.)

Alis nitide fuscis, squamis fulvis tectis, stigmate fusco, anticis punctis minutis tribus in linea transversa
subapicalibus, duobus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam subovatis, sordide flavis: subtus anticis
pallidioribus, punctis minus obviis, posticis griseo irroratis.

@ mari similis, sed punctis omnibus fere obsoletis.

Hab. Mexico, Amula, Xucumanatlan, and Chilpancingo, all in Guerrero (HZ. Z.
Smith), Lake Chapala (Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann).

Our various collectors have supplied us with a considerable series of this insect from
Central and Western Mexico. It is allied to the North-American A. enus (Edwards),

AMBLYSCIRTES.—HALOTUS. 505

but has the spots on the primaries less distinct and the secondaries without the waved
discal line. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV. fig. 39.

4. Amblyscirtes elissa, sp. n. (Tab. XCV. figg. 40, 9: 41, 6 -)

Alis nitide fuscis, stigmate concolore, punctis minutissimis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, nonnunquam
obsoletis, sordide albis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis punctis magis distinctis, puncto in cellula, quatuor in
linea obliqua ultra cellulam, albis ; posticis punctis sex in serie sinuosa discalibus, uno aliquando duobus,
basin propioribus, albis,

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada, Rincon, Dos Arroyos, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Of this obscure species we have received four males and one female. It resembles
A. fluonia, but is smaller and has distinct white spots on the underside of the wings.
For the genitalia of the male, see ‘I'ab. XCV. fig. 41.

HALOTUS, gen. nov.

The single species from Costa Rica referred to this genus has the general coloration
and facies of an Amblyscirtes or Stomyles, the cilia of the wings being spotted as in the
insects belonging to those genera; but the form of the brand on the primaries of the
male (the genus approaching Euroto &c. in this respect), as well as the peculiar
structure of the genitalia in this sex, separates it from all of them.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a stout club, terminating
in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short and bluntly conical. The
primaries are moderately elongate, somewhat pointed at the tip, the costa arched at the
base; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
strongly oblique, the upper one three times as long as the lower, the latter being
shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is much depressed at the
base; the first branch arises before the middle cf the median nervure, the second some
little distance before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly produced
at the anal angle; the cell is barely half the length of the wing; the discocellulars are
faint. The body is moderately robust. ‘The middle tibie are spined, and the hind
tibie have two pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries of the male have a double brand formed
thus: a triangular piece filling the angle between the second median segment and the
first median branch, and a short longitudinal streak just below it.

1. Halotus saxula, sp.n. (Tab. XCV. figg. 42, 43, 44, ¢.)

Alis fusco-brunneis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis punctis duobus minutis in linea transversa subapicalibus, aliis
duobus infra et ultra cellulam, albidis: subtus fuscis, anticis punctis ut supra, €o margini interno propiore
lunulato, et striga ad angulum analem, sordide flavis; posticis fascia marginem externum versus undulata
pallidiore ; ciliis obscure flavis, nigro maculatis.

2 ignota,

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers ).

506 RHOPALOCERA.

Only two examples of this species, both males, were sent us by Mr. Rogers from
Costa Rica. One of these is labelled as having been compared by Salvin with the
type of Hesperia sarula, Mab., a description of which we are unable to find. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV. fig. 44.

VII. Antenne moderately long (except in Calpodes and certain species of Prenes),
with a long crook ; hind tibie with two pairs of spurs; primaries of the male
with or without a brand.

A. Terminal joint of the palpi short or moderately short *.

CALPODES.

Calpodes, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 107 (1816) (part.); Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv.
p- 82 (1872) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 104 (part.).

Under this genus Watson places a number of heterogeneous forms, giving Papilio
ethlius, Cram., as the type. He states that there are no sexual characters on the fore
wings of the male; nevertheless, C. orchamus, C. epitus, and C. evadnes (Cram.) are
branded in this sex. C. nero (Fabr.), C. ares (Feld.), and C. ocola (Edw.), the males of
which are not branded, are here referred to Prenes, and the remainder belong elsewhere.
Calpodes, as restricted by us, includes C. ethdius only. It is allied to Prenes, but differs
in having a relatively narrower cell in the primaries (the third median segment of which
is much longer), the first branch arises nearer the base of the median nervure, and the
second is strongly curved, and the discocellulars of the secondaries are shorter.

The antenne are barely more than one-third the length of the costa, and have a short,
stout club, terminating in a moderately long crook. The palpi have the third joint very
short, stout, and bluntly conical, almost concealed. The primaries are narrow, very
elongate, and pointed at the tip; the cell is fully two-thirds the length of the costa,
narrow and greatly produced at the apex; the discocellulars are very oblique, the upper
one about twice the length of the lower, which is itself only half the length of the
third median segment ; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch
arises a little before the middle of the median nervure, and the second at some distance
before the lower angle of the cell, the second being strongly curved. The secondaries
are lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are short, faint, and strongly oblique.
The body is very robust. The middle and hind tibie are spined, the latter with two
pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries are without trace of a brand in the male.

C. ethiius is a common ‘Tropical-American insect, extending northward to the Southern
United States and southward to the Argentine Republic, and occurring also in most
of the West-Indian Islands. It is of very powerful flight. The neuration of the fore
wing is figured on Tab. XCV. fig. 45.

* Longer in the genus Vinius.

CALPODES.—PRENES. D07

1. Calpodes ethlius. (Tab. XCV. figg. 45, 46, ¢.)

Papilio ethlius, Cram. Pap. Ex. iv. p. 212, t. 392. ff. A, B'.

Calpodes ethlius, Scudd. Butt. E. U. S. & Canada, ii. p. 1750, t. 17. f. 14°; Watson, P. Z.S. 1893,
p. 105°; Godm. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1896, p. 520%.

Hesperia chemnis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 331 °.

Eudamus olynthus, Boisd. et Lec. Lép. Amér. Sept. t. 75. ff. 1, 2°.

Alis fuscis, maculis quatuor in serie obliqua curvata infra et ultra cellulam, ea apicem proxima minutissima,
tertia subquadrata maxima, macula in cellula punctisque duobus subapicalibus, posticis maculis tribus
in linea transversa apicem versus, omnibus hyalinis ; anticis ad basin, posticis dimidio interno, pilis fulvis
vestitis: subtus pallidioribus, maculis ut supra, anticis area discali late nigro-fusca; ciliis (nisi ad
apicem anticarum) sordide ochraceis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Norta America®, South-eastern States 2,—MeExico, Durango city (Becker),
Coatepec, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith); GuateMaa, Chisoy
Valley (F. D. G. & O. 8.), San Gerénimo, Duefias (Champion).—SoutH America to the
Argentine Republic; ANTILLES, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominica, Grenada 4,

St. Vincent 4.

For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV. fig. 46.

PRENES.

Prenes, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 81 (1872); Butt. E. U. 8S. & Canada, iii. p. 1865.

The type of this genus, which was not identified by Watson, is Hesperia panoquin,
Scudd., and it includes Hesperia nero, Fabr., H. ocola, Edwards, Papilio evadnes, Cram.,
and various other American species.

It may be recognized by the elongate fore wings, which have the cell nearly or quite
two-thirds the length of the costa, the hind wings are slightly lobed at the anal angle,
the third joint of the palpi is short, and the male, except in P. evadnes, is without
trace of a brand on the primaries. The antenne vary somewhat in length, being
shorter in P. panoguin and P. ocola than in the other species.

P. philippina has a more slender club, and P. eugeon, G. & S., from the Antilles, a
shorter crook, to the antenne, and they may not really belong here. VP. evadnes is
obviously very closely allied to P. nero and P. pauper, and we do not hesitate to place
them in the same genus; these three species are very much larger than P. panoguin,
and have a different facies.

The antenne are rather short and have a stout club, terminating in a moderately
long crook. The palpi have the third joint very short and bluntly conical. The
primaries are elongate and narrow, concave on their outer margin; the cell is nearly
or quite two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, the
lower one very much shorter than the upper; the lower radial is more or less depressed

508 RHOPALOCERA.

at the base; the first branch arisesa little beyond the middle of the median nervure and
the second close to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at
the anal angle; the lower discocellular is distinct, the upper one faint. The body is
hairy beneath and robust. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs; the middle tibiz
are not spined.

The primaries in the male of P. evadnes have a very narrow, linear, oblique,
interrupted brand extending from the base of the second median branch to the middle
of the submedian nervure (see Tab. XCV. fig. 47), but there is no trace of this in the
other species.

Prenes extends throughout Tropical America, including the Antilles, and reaches as
far north as the Southern United States. P. pauper, one of the largest species of the
genus, bears a strong resemblance to Proteides idas.

The genitalia of the males are very similar in the specimens of the six species we
have dissected.

a. Primaries of the male with a narrow, linear, oblique, interrupted brand ;
secondaries with a silvery fascia beneath.

1. Prenes evadnes. (Tab. XCV. figg. 47, 48, 3.)

Papilio evadnes, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 348. ff. G, H'.

Proteides evadnes, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 297, t. 99. fig.?

Calpodes evadnes, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 105°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis basin versus et posticis (nisi ad marginem externum) squamis et pilis
obscure fulvis vestitis ; anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una ad venam submedianam, secunda majore
et subtriangulari inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia parva ultra eam, una in cellula externe
excavata, punctisque duobus aut tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, omnibus flavo-hyalinis: subtus
rubescentibus, anticis area mediana nigro-fuscis, maculis ut supra, apicem versus interdum fasciola curvata
violaceo-grisea notata; posticis fascia lata conspicua ultra cellulam a costa angulum analem versus
extendente argentea ; fronte, palpis et abdomine subtus sordide ochraceis ; capite supra virescente.

© mari similis.
Hab. Guatemata, Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Panzos (Conradt), San Gerénimo
(Pf. D. G. & O. S., Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaracua,

Chontales (Janson); Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui2 and Veraguas
(Arcé) —Sovtu America to Brazil.

This is a common Tropical-American insect, extending from Guatemala to Brazil.
There is a slight amount of variation in the width of the silvery band on the underside
of the secondaries; the inner margin, too, of the band is in some specimens nearly
straight, and in others strongly angulate at the end of the cell, as shown in Cramer’s
figure. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCV. fig. 48.

PRENES. 509

6. Primaries of the male without a brand.

a’. Secondaries with an interrupted angulated white fascia beneath.

2. Prenes pauper. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 1, 2, 3, ¢.)

Proteides pauper, Mab. Petites Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 201 (1878) °.

Alis fuscis, triente basali et corpore supra squamis et pilis ochraceis vestitis, macula parva in cellula, altera
sagittiforme inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam parva, quarta elongata in vena
submediana punctisque tribus (interdum duobus) in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis:
subtus dilutioribus, anticis macula in vena submediana majore et albida; posticis vitta sinuata ultra cellulam
vena divisa angulum analem versus, macula costali apicem versus, albis ; alis ambabus externe chalybeo-
griseo tinctis ; palpis griseis; abdomine subtus et ciliis ad angulum analem posticarum albis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa, Paso de San Juan in Vera Cruz (coll.

Schaus); GUATEMALA, Cahabon (Champion); Honpuras ( Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger).

—CoLomBia !.

We have seen ten specimens of this species from within our limits, agreeing with
the Colombian type. P. pauper resembles P. evadnes (Cram.), but differs from it
chiefly in having the band on the underside of the secondaries white, not silvery, and
reduced to spots at its two extremities; the hyaline spot in the cell of the primaries
is small, and the brand is absent. The sinuous interrupted band on the underside of
the secondaries distinguishes it from P. nero, of which it is also a close ally. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVI. fig. 3.

b'. Secondaries usually with a distinct transverse white fascia beneath.

3. Prenes nero. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 4, ¢; 5, 6, 9; 7, var. corrupta, 3.)

Hesperia nero, Fabr. Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 433°.

Epargyreus nero, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 275, t. 2. f. 13°,

Calpodes nero, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 105°.

Hesperia nyctelius, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 746°.

Goniloba corrupta, Herr.-Schaff. Corresp.-Blatt. Regensb. xix. p. 54 (1865) °; Prodr. Syst. Lep.
lil. p. 73°.

Goniloba sylvicola, Herr.-Schaff. Corresp.-Blatt. Regensb, xix. p. 55 (1865) ’.

Prenes sylvicola, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. iv. p. 81 (1872) °.

Hesperia fusina, Hew. Descr. n. sp. Hesperidx, p. 30 (1867) °.

Hesperia fufidia, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 81 (1877) ”.

Alis obscure fuscis, anticis macula parva in cellula, quatuor in serie obliqua, una elongata in vena submediana,
secunda majore et sagittiforme inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam, quarta
(interdum: absente) minuta apicem propiore punctisque duobus (interdum uno) in linea transversa
subapicalibus, omnibus flavo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, litura submediana albida; posticis
fascia maculari a margine costali apicem versus ultra cellule finem extendente albida; palpis griseis ;
abdomine subtus albo.

mari similis.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1900. 3u

510 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos and Rio Papagaio in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Jalapa
(coll. Schaus); Honpuras (Dyson); Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama,
Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger)—Sovutn AmeErica, Amazons to Brazil*; ANTILLES, Cuba,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominica.

To this species we refer a long series of examples from Central and South America
and from the Antilles. They vary greatly in size and in the development of the
transverse white band on the underside of the secondaries, this being sometimes broad
(as in G. corrupta, H.-S., and H. fufidia, Hew.) and sometimes narrow and broken up
into spots (as in H. fusina, Hew.), and between these we have numerous intermediates.
In most of the large specimens the head and thorax are tinged with green and the
antenne are more elongate. There is sometimes an indistinct oblique band of fulvous
spots on the upperside of the secondaries, indicating the position of the white band
beneath. In some examples the spot in the cell of the primaries above is elongate.

We have dissected three males from widely separated localities, and the genitalia
show no difference: see Tab. XCVI. fig. 4.

Two specimens of the insect are shown on our Plate: a female from Guerrero and
a male of the var. corrupta from Chiriqui.

c’. Secondaries without a distinct white fascia beneath.

4, Prenes philippina. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 8, 9, 3.)

Cobalus philippina, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iil. p. 81.

Alis nigro-fuscis, anticis maculis quatuor in linea obliqua (una ad venam submedianam ochracea), secunda
subquadrata maxima inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, aliis duabus ultra eas minoribus,
punctisque duobus recurvatis, flavo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis macula submediana
elongata, altera ramum medianum primum propiore albidis ; posticis squamis flavidis sparsim ornatis ;
capite supra virescente.

¢ nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

A single worn male of this species has been lent us by Dr. Staudinger under the
above name. It is not unlike P. ares, but the spots on the primaries are differently
placed. There is no brand on these wings.

5. Prenes ares. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 10, 11, 12, ¢.)
Hesperia ares, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1862, p. 477°.
Calpodes ares, Watson, P. Z.S. 1898, p. 105’.
Goniloba coscinia, Herr.-Schaff. Corresp.-Blatt. Regensb. xix. p. 54’.
Calnodes coscinia, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. 8. 1896, p. 520 *.
Alis fuscis, anticis macula magna subquadrata inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, altera ultra eam

minore, duabus parvis transversis in cellula, punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus (interdum
macula parva in vena submediana), omnibus hyalinis: subtus pallidioribus, maculis ut supra, litura

PRENES. 511

irregulariter elongata inter venam submedianam et ramum medianum primum flavescente; anticis ad
apicem et posticis ad basin, fasciaque transversa ultra cellulam, griseis ; posticis macula subcostali basin
_. Versus nigrescente ; ciliis (nisi ad apicem anticarum) sordide ochraceis.
? mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada and Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatema.a,
Chisoy Valley (7. D. G. & O. 8.); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Costa Rica
(Van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (ea Staudinger)—Sourn America to Brazil !;
ANTILLES, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Dominica, Grenada 4, St. Vincent 4.

In the British Museum this species is named Hesperia ares, Feld., and we have
accepted this determination as correct, though the insect does not agree very well with
the description *. Dr. Staudinger has sent us examples of it under the name
Proteides coscinia, H.-S.

Ten specimens have been seen from within our limits, agreeing with a long series
from various South-American and Antillean localities. P. ares appears to be a very
common insect in the islands of Grenada and St. Vincent. A male from Tierra
Colorada is figured. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCVI. fig. 12.

6. Prenes ocola. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 13, 14, 15, ¢.)
Hesperia ocola, W. H. Edwards, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 20, t. 11. f. 4 (1863) '.

Prenes ocola, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 8L°; Butt. E. U. S. & Canada, iii. p. 1866 °.
Calpodes ocola, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 105+.

Prenes hecebolus, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 81°.
Pamphila ortygia, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 328°.
Pamphila parilis, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. elxxi (1891) ”.

Alis griseo-fuscis, anticis macula parva in cellula (interdum absente), tribus in linea obliqua, una elongata
submediana (interdum obsoleta), secunda sagittiforme inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia
ultra eam, punctisque duobus (interdum uno) in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus hyalinis : subtus
ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis macula submediana majore ; palpis et corpore subtus griseis.

Q mari similis,

Hab. Norts America, South-eastern States !23,—Mexico, Rincon, Tierra Colorada,
Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, and Omilteme in Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith),
Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Tehuantepec (Scudder ®); Guaremata, Santa Maria (Richard-
son), San Gerdnimo (Champion); Honpuras’? (Dyson); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger *).—Soutu America to Peru.

_ This is a very common American species, ranging from the Southern United States
to Brazil and Peru. It is a close ally of P. nero, but differs in being smaller and
paler, and it has fewer hyaline spots on the primaries; there is at most the merest
indication of the band of white spots crossing the underside of the secondaries.

Mr. Strecker has sent us specimens of ZH. ocola from Georgia, and we have seen
the types of P. hecebolus, Scudder, P. ortygia, Moschler (from Guiana), and P. parilis,

* The type of Hesperia ares cannot be found in the Felder collection, now at the Tring Museum.

50 2

512 RHOPALOCERA.

Mabille ; these show no tangible differences. We have examined upwards of one
hundred specimens.

Two males have been dissected, one from Florida, the other from Atoyac; their
genitalia scarcely differ from those of P. nero: see Tab. XOVI. fig. 15.

Our figure of the insect is taken from a specimen from Tierra Colorada, that given
by Edwards being scarcely recognizable.

7. Prenes vala. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 16, 17, 18, ¢.)
Pamphila vala, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. clxxvi (1891) +.
Pamphila actor, Mab. loc. cit. p. clxxxii?.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis parvis tribus, una in cellula (interdum obsoleta), duabus infra eam, ea inter
ramos medianos primum et secundum transversa, punctis duobus (interdum uno) minutis in linea
transversa subapicalibus, omnibus hyalinis: subtus pallidioribus, maculis ut supra, striga supra venam
submedianam angulum analem versus albescente; posticis linea transversa maculosa fere obsoleta ultra
cellulam pallida; corpore et palpis subtus pilis canescentibus.

? mari similis, sed obscuriore, supra maculis minoribus, iis in cellula et. punctis subapicalibus absentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan (coll. Schaus), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac,
Fortin, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, San Gerdénimo (Champion); Panama,
Chiriqui!? (mus. Staudinger, Ribbe).—Soutn America to Brazil.

This species, which we somewhat doubtfully refer to the present genus, is not
uncommon in Central America, whence we have numerous examples. Dr. Staudinger
has lent us the type of Pamphila vala, as well as a specimen of P. actor determined
by Mabille ; both are males. He has also sent us examples labelled Pamphila dama,
H.-S., P. tripuncta, H.-S., and P. orope, Plitz (= corope, H.-S.). We fail to see any
differences between these insects, and as none of them seem to accord with Herrich-
Schaffer’s descriptions, we adopt the name P. vala, Mab., for it.

The females have the primaries blunt at the apex, and the wings in this sex often
have a purplish lustre on the upperside. We have dissected two males, one from
Chapada, Brazil, and the other from Atoyac, Mexico; and these show no difference,
the genitalia being very peculiarly formed: see Tab. XCVI. fig. 18.

Our figure of the insect is taken from Mabille’s type of P. vala.

CYDRUS, gen. nov.

The single Central-American species for which we propose the above generic name
is very like Prenes and Calpodes in the shape of the wings, the primaries being greatly
produced, and concave on their outer margin; these wings, however, have a large
oblique brand in the males, which is not the case in either of the genera mentioned.

The antennee are about half the length of the costa and have a rather short club,
terminating in a leng crook. The third joint of the palpi is very short and bluntly
conical. The primaries are narrow, greatly produced, arched on the costa at the base,

CYDRUS.—AIDES. 513

blunt at the tip, and concave on the outer margin; the cell is three-fifths the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, the upper one three times as long
as the lower, the latter about half the length of the third median segment: the first
branch arises considerably before the middle of the median nervure, the second a little
before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal
angle; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one faint. The body is robust.
The middle tibiz are furnished with long spines, the hind tibiz with two pairs of
spurs. ‘The primaries of the male have a broad oblique brand extending from near
the base of the second median branch to the submedian nervure slightly before the
middle, filling the angle between the second median segment and the first median
branch.

1. Cydrus nevolus, sp.n. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 19, 20, 20a, 21, ¢ .)

Alis fuscis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una ad venam submedianam,
secunda elongata et irregulari inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam subquadrata.
duabus in cellula, quatuor subapicalibus in linea obliqua, omnibus albo-hyalinis; posticis macula ad
cellule finem, quatuor aut quinque ultra eam in linea curvata transversa, fere obsoletis, flavidis : subtus
ut supra, alis purpureo tinctis, posticis maculis magis distinctis et squamis albidis sparsim vestitis :
palpis griseis.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith) ;

GuaTEMALA, Rio Chisoy (Ff. D. G. & O. S.); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—

Brazit, Chapada.

Of this species we have seen four males and three females, six of which are from
Central America, The specimen lent us by Dr. Staudinger is unnamed. A male
from Coatepec is figured. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCVI. fig. 21.

AIDES.

Aides, Billberg, Enum. Ins. p. 81 (1820).
Watson places Papilio epitus, Cram., under Calpodes, but this insect does not agree
with his definition of that genus, while at the end of his paper (/.c.) he again notices
it as the type of Aides, Billb. We here adopt Billberg’s name for Cramer’s species,
and associate with it Hesperia estria, Hew., and two nearly allied forms*, all from
Tropical America, one of them not entering our limits. ‘They have a large irregular
silvery patch, sometimes d vided into spots, on the disc of the secondaries beneath.

The antenne are moderately long, with a stout, elongate club, terminating in a long
crook. The palpi are densely scaled, the third joint very short and almost concealed.
The primaries are elongate, concave on the outer margin, and rather blunt at the tip ;

* In one of these the brand is in four pieces, and this will probably prove to be the case in 4. wstria

and A. dyson: also.

514 RHOPALOCERA.

the cell is two-thirds the length of the costa, and considerably produced at the
apex; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the upper one four times as long as
the lower, the latter shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is much
depressed at. the base; the first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure,
the second near the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the
anal angle; the cell is more than half the length of the wing; the discocellulars are
very oblique, the lower one distinct, the upper one barely traceable. ‘The body is
very robust. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male
have a conspicuous brand, formed of three or four pieces: an elongate >-shaped mark
placed in the angle between the second median segment and the first median branch,
a longitudinal streak below this, and a similar streak along the upper, and sometimes
another along the lower, edge of the submedian nervure.

a. Brand on the primaries of the male formed of four pieces.

1. Aides epitus. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 22, 23, ¢.)
Papilio epitus, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 343. ff. E, F’.
Calpodes epitus, Wats. P. Z.S. 1898, p. 105”.

Alis fuscis, ad basin et corpore supra pilis viridescentibus vestitis, stigmate grisescente, maculis tribus in linea
obliqua, una ad venam submedianam, secunda majore inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia
ultra eam, una in cellula externe excavata, punctisque tribus in serie obliqua subapicalibus, flavo-hyalinis ;
posticis macula apicem versus flavescente: subtus ut supra, sed rubescentioribus, dimidio basali
obscuriore, in costa supra maculam cellularem flava; posticis area discali plaga subtriangulari externe
excisa, maculis duabus (interdum una) apicem versus argenteis ; palpis et abdomine subtus ochraceis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (ea Staudinger).—Sovurn America to Brazil.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a single example of this species from Chiriqui, under the
name of Proteides argyrina, Staud., and we have others from various places in South
America agreeing with it, all these being males. In fresh specimens the hairs on the
upper surface of the body and the base of the wings are distinctly greenish. The
small silvery spots on the underside of the secondaries are variable in size and shape,
and one of them is sometimes absent. We figure the fore wing of a male specimen, to
show the position of the brand (Tab. XCVI. fig. 22), and also the genitalia, for which
see Tab. XCVI. fig. 23. .

2. Aides dysoni, sp.n. (Tab. XCVI. fig. 24, 2.)

?. Alis fuscis, ad basin et corpore supra pilis ochraceis vestitis, anticis macula in cellula, tribus infra et ultra
eam in serie obliqua, una submediana, altera inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia margini
externo propiore, omnibus albo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis costa et apice posticisque (angulo . ..
anali excepto) rufo layatis, his macula parva prope cellule finem, secunda elongata ultra eam, tertia

valde irregulari margini interno propiore et duabus submarginalibus, omnibus argenteis;
pectore subtus flavis.

Hab. Horpuras (Dyson, in Mus. Brit.)

palpis et

AIDES.—PARAIDES. 515

There is a single female of this species in the British Museum. It is a close ally of
Hesperia estria, Hew., and we have another very similar unnamed form from Brazil
in our collection. A. dysoni differs from both these in the position of the silvery spots
on the underside of the secondaries.

6. Brand of the primaries formed of three pieces.

3. Aides elara, sp.n. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 25, 26, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, ad basin squamis et pilis fulvis vestitis, stigmate grisescente, maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una
ad venam submedianam, secunda majore inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam,
una in cellula externe excavata, omnibus flavo-hyalinis; posticis macula apicem versus flavescente :
subtus ut supra, sed rubescentioribus, dimidio basali obscuriore, in costa supra maculam cellularem flava,
posticis area discali plaga permagna angulata irregulari et externe valde excisa argenteis ; palpis et
abdomine subtus ochraceis.

@ ignota.

Hab, Mexico (Sallé); Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger).

The above description is taken from three male specimens, one from Mexico in our
own collection and two from Honduras in that of Dr. Staudinger. A. elara is a very
close ally of A. epitus (Cram.), from which it differs in having no subapical series of
spots on the primaries, and in the shape of the large silvery patch on the secondaries
beneath ; the upper part of the body and the base of the wings are clothed with
fulvous (instead of greenish) hairs, and the brand on the primaries in the male is less
developed, the streak below the submedian nervure being absent.

The Mexican specimen is figured.

PARAIDES, gen. nov.

We take as the type of this genus Hesperia ocrinus, Plotz, and associate with it
Hesperia egita, Hew., and a nearly allied form from Venezuela*. ‘They all have
silvery spots on the underside of the secondaries, as in the genus Aides. It differs
from Calpodes, as here understood, in the neuration of the primaries, and in the
presence of a peculiar brand in the male; this, however, is absent in P. egita.

The antenne are moderately long, with an elongate, rather stout club, terminating
‘in a long crook. The palpi have the first and second joints densely clothed with scales,
the third bluntly conical, very short and concealed. The primaries are elongate, blunt

* Paraides asilas, sp. n.
P. ocrino similis, sed macula posticarum minore: subtus posticis maculis quatuor, una parva ad cellule finem,
secunda elongata angulum analem propiore, aliisque duabus submarginalibus, argenteis.

Hab. Venezveta, Angostura.
Very like P. ocrinus, but the white spot on the secondaries above is indistinct (as in P. cegita), and these

‘wings have two small silvery spots beneath, instead of the large one occupying the disc, and the upper
submarginal spot is absent. :

516 ~ RHOPALOCERA.

at the tip, and concave on the outer margin; the cell is nearly two-thirds the length
of the costa and greatly produced; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the upper
one twice the length of the lower, the latter not longer than the third median segment ;
the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises a little before the
middle of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the cell. The
secondaries are lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the
lower one distinct, the upper one faint. The body is very robust. The middle tibie
are furnished with short spines, and the hind tibie with two pairs of spurs. The
primaries of the male (except in P. egita) have a brand formed of three spots placed
thus: one above and another below the first median branch at some distance from
the base, and one touching the submedian nervure on its upper edge.

The present genus agrees with Azdes in the shape of the wings, but the brand is
formed as in Xeniades. |

The three species are all from Tropical America, only one of them entering our
limits.

1. Paraides ocrinus. (‘'ab. XCVI. figg. 27-30, 6.)
Hesperia ocrinus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 337 '.
Proteides ocrinus, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 325, t. 17. fig. 15°.

Alis nigro-fuscis, ad basin et dimidio interno squamis et pilis obscure fulvis notatis, stigmate grisescente,
maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una ad venam submedianam, secunda majore inter ramos medianos
primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam, una quoque in cellula, omnibus hyalinis ; posticis apicem versus
macula flava: subtus ut supra, anticis macula elongata in coste medio, dimidio apicali anticarum
posticisque dimidio costali squamis ochraceis dense vestitis; posticis plaga discali et maculis tribus
minoribus margini interno propioribus argenteis; ciliis alarum (apicibus exceptis) albis; palpis et
abdomine subtus ochraceis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger)—Cotompia!; Gurana, Paramaribo? ;

AMAZONS; BRAZIL.

This species is extremely like the South-American P. egita (Hew.), with which we
had at first confounded it. ‘The types of each, which we have seen, are of the female
sex, that of P. ocrinus having a distinct spot on the secondaries above, this being
barely indicated in P. egita; the male, however, of P. ocrinus has a brand formed of
three spots on the primaries, of which there is no trace in P. egita. Dr. Staudinger
has sent us males of the present species under the MS. names of Proteides argyrina,
Staud., and P. callidemas, Mab., and we possess several others from Matto Grosso.
Of P. egita we have a single male from Colombia, sent us by Wheeler, as well as a
female from the Kaden collection. The form of the brand on the primaries of the
male at once distinguishes P. ocrinus from several somewhat similarly coloured species.
We figure the fore wing of a male to show the position of the brand (Tab. XCVI.
fig. 29); also the genitalia, for which see Tab. XCVI. fig. 30.

‘The insect shown on our Plate is from Chiriqui.

XENIADES. d17

XENIADES, gen. nov.

We take Papilio orchamus, Cram., a species placed in Calpodes by Watson, as the
type of this genus; it also includes Hesperia chalestra, Hew., and a closely allied
form described below. These insects agree with Paraides in the shape of the brand
on the primaries in the male, but differ from it in having the outer margins of both
wings almost straight to near the tip and the genitalia of the males very dissimilarly
formed. All three species have a transverse silvery band crossing the underside of
the secondaries.

The antenne are moderately long, with a stout elongate club, terminating in a
long crook. The palpi have the first and second joints densely scaled, the third
bluntly conical, very short, and almost concealed. The primaries are rather elongate,
pointed at the tip, the outer margin straight to near the apex ; the cell is nearly
two-thirds the length of the costa, and greatly produced; the discocellulars are
strongly oblique, the upper one twice the length of the lower, the latter slightly
shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the
first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little
distance before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal
angle; the discocellulars are oblique, and distinct, except at the middle. The body
is very robust. The middle tibie are spined, the hind tibie with two pairs of spurs.
The primaries of the male have a brand formed of three spots, placed as in the genus
Paraides, there being an additional short streak beneath the second median segment
in X. pteras and X. chalestra.
Xeniades is confined to Tropical America, two of the species extending into the
southern part of our region.

a. Brand on the primaries of the male formed of three pieces.

1. Xeniades orchamus. (Tab. XCVI. fig. 31, ¢.)

Papilio orchamus, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 155. ff. E, F’.

Calpodes orchamus, Wats. P.Z.S. 1893, p. 105 *.

Alis fascis, ad basin pilis ochraceis vestitis, stigmate grisescente; anticis maculis quatuor, una in cellula, tribus
in serie obliqua infra eam, ea in medio maxima, punctisque tribus in linea obliqua subapicalibus, flavo-
hyalinis ; posticis maculis duabus (interdum una) apicem versus coloris ejusdem : subtus ut supra, sed
dilutioribus apicibus late rubescentibus, anticis macula submediana majore et albo notata; posticis fascia
a medio marginis costalis fere ad angulum analem extendente, illic latiore, apicem versus maculis minutis
quatuor ornatis, omnibus argenteis; anticis angulum analem versus et posticis (nisi ad apicem)
ciliis albis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger).—Sovura America to Brazil.

In Dr. Staudinger’s collection there 1s a specimen of this species from Chiriqui,
agreeing with others we possess from various localities in Tropical South America.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IL., October 1900. 3x

518 RHOPALOCERA.

It is very like Aides epitus (Cram.), from which, however, it differs in the shape
of the silvery marking of the secondaries beneath, as well as in the form of the

brand, &c. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVI. fig. 31.

6. Brand on the primaries of the male formed of four pieces.

2. Xeniades pteras, sp.n. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 32-35, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, ad basin (posticarum presertim) et corpore supra virescentibus, stigmate grisescente ; anticis
maculis quatuor magnis, una in cellula, tribus infra eam in serie obliqua, punctisque tribus in linea
transversa subapicalibus, omnibus flavo-hyalinis ; posticis maculis duabus apicem versus coloris ejusdem :
subtus rufo-castaneis, anticis area infra costam ad angulum analem extendente nigrescente; posticis fascia
recta a costa fere ad angulum analem extensa, illic recurvata, ad angulum analem ipsum alba.

mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (er Staudinger).—CoLomBia, Santa

Marta; VENEZUELA, Puerto Cabello.

Of this insect we have seen five males and one female. It closely resembles the
South-American X. chalestra (Hewitson) (= Goniloba concors, Herr.-Schaff.), but
the secondaries are without the inner spot above, and it also has more of the metallic
green colour on the upperside of the body and at the base of the wings. We figure
a male from Bugaba; likewise the fore wing to show the position of the brand

(Tab. XCVI. fig. 34), and the genitalia, for which see Tab. XCVI. fig. 35.

TELLES, gen. nov.

Papilio arcalaus, Cram., a peculiarly coloured Tropical-American insect, that just
enters our limits, is taken as the type of this genus. We know of no other species
that can be satisfactorily associated with it. elles is perhaps nearest allied to
Thespieus, but the primaries are without trace of a brand in the male, as well as being
much less produced at the tip.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a rather short club,
terminating in a long crook. ‘The third joint of the palpi is very short and almost
concealed. The primaries are moderately elongate, blunt at the tip, arched on the
costa towards the base, and slightly concave on the outer margin; the cell is less than
two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the upper
one more than twice the lenvth of the lower, the latter being a little shorter than the
third median segment; the first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure,
the second not far from the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are produced
at the anal angle, extending slightly beyond the apex of the abdomen; the disco-
cellulars are strongly oblique, the lower one well defined for half its length. The
body is very robust. The middle tibize are spined, and the hind tibie have two pairs
of long spurs. There are no secondary sexual characters visible on the wings.

TELLES.—THESPIEUS. 519

1. Telles arcalaus. (Tab. XCVI. fig. 36, ¢ .)
Papilio arcalaus, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 391. ff. I, K’.

Alis fuscis, ad basin cum corpore supra nitente viridibus, anticis maculis duabus in cellula, tribus infra eas,
secunda maxima et subtriangulari, duabus minutis apicem propioribus, punctisque tribus (interdum
quatuor) in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus flavo-hyalinis; posticis maculis tribus (exteriore
geminata) in serie obliqua apicem versus aliisque duabus subcostalibus coloris ejusdem: subtus
rubescentioribus, anticis ad angulum analem pallidioribus, regione costali et apice castaneo et flavo
notatis; posticis ad basin, area costali et ad marginem externum flavis castaneo marmoratis, maculis
quatuor (nec tribus) in serie obliqua flavis, cellula grisescente ad finem ejus alba; corpore subtus
sordide albo.

¢ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger) —Gut1ana!; AMAZONS.

‘There is a specimen of this well-marked Tropical-American species in Dr. Staudin-
ger’s collection from Panama, and we therefore include it here. For the genitalia of
the male, see Tab. XCVI. fig. 36.

THESPIEUS, gen. nov.

This genus includes numerous Tropical-American forms: Hesperia dalmani, Latr.,
which we take as the type, H. lutetia, H. himella, H. ovinia, and H. opigena, Hew.,
Proteides othna and P. xarippe, Butl., P. cicus, Mab., and others, It approaches
Niconiades, but has the secondaries much less lobed at the anal angle, scarcely
extending beyond the apex of the abdomen, the brand on the primaries of the male
very differently placed, the genitalia in this sex dissimilarly formed. From Phemiades
it may be separated by the stouter club to the antenne and the more oblique brand on
the primaries in the male. Three species only enter within our limits. All of them
have hyaline spots on both wings, and the underside of the secondaries peculiarly
coloured. 7. ovinia and H. opigena, however, differ somewhat in this respect.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, with a stout club, terminating
in a moderately long crook. The palpi are densely scaled, the third joint very short
and almost concealed. ‘The primaries are somewhat pointed at the tip, and usually
with the outer margin more or less concave ; the cell is nearly two-thirds the length
of the costa, and considerably produced at the apex; the discocellulars are strongly
oblique, the lower one extremely short, not half the length of the third median
segment; the lower radial is greatly depressed at the base; the first branch arises
a little before the middle of the median nervure, and the second near the lower angle
of the cell. The secondaries are feebly lobed at the anal angle, reaching about as far
as the apex of the abdomen; the discocellulars are faint. ‘The body is robust, very
hairy beneath. The middle tibiee are spined and the hind tibie have two pairs of
spurs, the hind tibie clothed with long hairs on their outer edge. The primaries
of the male have a narrow, conspicuous, oblique, interrupted brand, extending from
the base of the second median branch to about the middle of the submedian nervure.

3X2

520 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Thespieus dalmani. (Tab. XCVI. figg. 37-40, ¢ .)
Hesperia dalmani, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 747°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis maculis quatuor, una in cellula, tribus infra eam in serie obliqua,
ea in medio maxima, tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus flavo-hyalinis ; posticis maculis
duabus ultra cellulam coloris ejusdem, utrinque fulvo maculatis: subtus fusco et griseo marmoratis,
anticis apicem versus et posticis area discali castaneo maculatis ; anticis margine externo apud angulum
analem et posticis (nisi apicem versus) ciliis fulvis.

Hab. Mexico, Rincon, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Coatepec (coll. Schaus); GuaTEMALA,

Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.); Panama, Bugaba, Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé),

’ 9 g S

Chiriqui (/56e).—Soutu America to Brazil}.

A common Tropical-American species, extending northwards into Mexico. This
insect is very like 7. macareus, from which it may be readily distinguished by the
upperside of the body and the base of the wings being fulvous (instead of tinged with
blue), and the hyaline spots yellowish (instead of clear white); beneath, too, the
coloration is somewhat different, as will be seen by a reference to our Plate. We
figure a male insect from Bugaba; also the fore wing, to show the position of the
brand (Tab. XCVI. fig. 39), and the genitalia, for which see Tab. XCVI. fig. 40.

2. Thespieus macareus. (ab. XCVI. figg. 41-43, ¢.)
Goniloba macareus, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. ii. p. 72°.

Alis fuscis, ad basin cum corpore supra pilis cerulescentibus vestitis, stigmate pallide fusco; anticis maculis
quatuor, una in cellula, tribus in serie obliqua infra eam, ea in medio maxima et subquadrata, punctisque
tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis ; posticis fascia transversa ultra cellulam
venis divisa introrsum latiore coloris ejusdem: subtus fusco, castaneo et griseo marmoratis, maculis ut
supra ; posticis fascia discali angulum analem versus extendente, ciliis angulum analem juxta, albidis.

mari similis, sed fascia transversa posticarum extrorsum latiore.

Hab. Mexico, Atlixco (fF. D. G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus,
H, Edwards), Coatepec (coll. Schaus); Guatemaua, Polochic Valley (Ff. D. G. & 0. 8.),
San Gerénimo (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger), Calobre (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—»sovura
AMERICA to Venezuela.

Of this species we possess a long series from within our limits, as well as others
from Venezuela; only two of them are females. The males agree with Herrich-
Schaffer’s type, which has been lent us by Dr. Staudinger. The females have the
blue on the upperside more strongly marked and the band of hyaline spots on
the secondaries widening outwards, instead of inwards, as in the males. ‘here is
a considerable amount of variation also in the markings of the underside of the
secondaries.

We figure a male insect from Irazu; also the genitalia, for which see Tab. XCVI.
fig. 43.

THESPIEUS.—VACERRA. 521

3. Thespieus ovinia. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 1, 2,2.)
6 - Hesperia ovinia, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii. p. 496’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate grisescente; anticis macula geminata in cellula, tribus in serie obliqua infra et ultra eam,
una triangulari submediana, secunda majore et subquadrata inter ramos medianos primum et secundum,
tertia ultra eam, punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis; posticis
maculis tribus in linea transversa ultra cellulam, exteriore bifida, coloris ejusdem: subtus ut supra, sed
dilutioribus, anticis margine interno pallidiore et litura albida notatis, apicem versus et posticis omnino
squamis griseis dense vestitis, his alis maculis variis in dimidio basali ornatis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Nicaragua! (Delatire, in Mus. Brit.).

There are two males and one female of this distinct species in the British Museum ;
the males are contained in the Hewitson collection, the female was obtained by Delattre
many years ago. T°. ovinia is nearest allied to 7. opigena (Hew.), from an unknown
locality, the coloration of the underside of the secondaries differing considerably from
that of 7. dalmani and its allies. Unfortunately, no specimens are available for
dissection. Our figure is taken from one of the types.

VACERRA, gen. nov.

The four Tropical-American species referred to this genus, of which we take Hesperia
litana, Hew., as the type, are very nearly allied to Thespieus; but differ from it in the
form and position of the brand on the primaries in the male, and also, to some slight
extent, in the neuration of these wings, the lower radial nervure at its point of origin
being more distant from the lower angle of the cell and the first median branch arising
nearer the base. ‘The brand, too, is covered by the larger scales, and not easily
seen till these are removed. The genitalia of the males are formed very much as in
Thespreus.

Antenne and palpi as in Thespieus. ‘The primaries somewhat pointed at the tip;
the cell nearly two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars oblique, the upper
one twice (V. egla) or three times (V. litana) the length of the lower, the latter a little
shorter than the third median segment; the first branch arising considerably before
the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little distance before the lower
angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the disco-
cellulars faint. The body is robust. The middle and hind tibie are spined, the latter
with two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have an inconspicuous brand
formed of two longitudinal streaks: one short, just below the proximal portion of
the first median branch, and the second, very much longer, immediately above the
submedian nervure towards the base.

In V. canente the upper piece of the brand is reduced to a small dot, and the
secondaries have a long white stripe on the underside towards the outer margin; but the
general structure, including that of the genitalia of the male, is exactly that of V. ditana.
Of V. lachares the female only is known, and its position is therefore not quite certain.

§22 RHOPALOCERA.

a. Secondaries with a transverse fascia of hyaline spots.

1. Vacerra litana. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 3-6,¢; 7, 8,2.) _

Hesperia litana, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii. p. 494 (1866)*; Exot. Butt., Hesperia, ff. 42, 43 °.

Goniloba caprotina, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 71°.

Alis fuscis, ad basin cum corpore supra pilis sordide ochraceis vestitis, stigmate fusco; anticis maculis
quatuor vel quinque, una in cellula, tribus vel quatuor in linea obliqua infra eam, secunda maxima et
subquadrata, punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis ; posticis maculis
tribus (interdum duabus) coloris ejusdem in serie transversa ultra cellulam, exteriore maxima: subtus
castaneo et griseo marmoratis, maculis ut supra; anticis litura supra venam submedianam albida; ciliis
(nisi ad venarum fines) albidis.

Q@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Valladolid (Gawmer) ;

Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (er

Staudinger).—Soutu America to Venezuela! 2 and the Amazons.

This insect closely resembles Thespieus macareus, but the hairs on the upperside of
the body and at the base of the wings are obscure ochreous, and not bluish as in the
latter species, and the males have a very differently shaped inconspicuous brand covered
by the larger scales. The spots on the disc of the primaries are larger in some specimens
than in others, and the outer one of the transverse series on the secondaries is always
the largest; the females occasionally have the outer one only present on these wings.

Four males from different localities have been dissected. We figure a male from
Chiriqui and a female from Costa Rica; also the fore wing of the male, to show the
position of the brand (Tab. XCVII. fig. 5), and the genitalia, for which see Tab. XCVII.

fig. 6.

2. Vacerra egla. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 9, 10. 11,¢.)
Hesperia egla, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 82°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis quinque, duabus in cellula elongatis, tribus in serie obliqua infra
eam, ea in medio maxima, punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis ;
posticis maculis tribus in linea transversa ultra cellulam exteriore geminata coloris ejusdem : subtus fere
ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis macula margini interno proxima multo majore ; ciliis griseis.

Hab. Muxico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Panama,
Chiriqui (A2bbe, mus. Staudinger 1).

Six males and two females of this species are before us, two of which have been
lent by Dr. Staudinger. The males are easily separated from those of V. Litana by
the primaries having the hyaline spot in the cell divided into two, and by the uniform
width of the spots in the transverse band of the secondaries; the females can only be
distinguished from the corresponding sex of that species by the position of the spots
on the secondaries and the unspotted fringe. We figure a male from Chiriqui. For
the genitalia, see Tab. XCVIL. fig. 11.

VACERRA.—TIRYNTHIA. 523

3. Vacerra lachares, sp.n. (Tab. XOVII. figg. 12, 13, 2.)

2. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis quinque in linea obliqua, una longitudinali ad venam submedianam, secunda
maxima inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam, quarta et quinta apicem propioribus,
ea apicem proxima minutissima, macula geminata in cellula, punctisque tribus in linea obliqua subapicalibus,
omnibus flavo-hyalinis; posticis maculis duabus in linea obliqua, exteriore majore et geminata, quoque
flavo-hyalinis : subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus et fusco marmoratis, anticis litura magna angulum analem
versus flava, posticis puncto parvo in cellula et linea indistincta transversa albida angulum analem versus ;
palpis subtus griseis; ciliis anticis fuscis, posticis externe griseis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

A single female only of this insect was sent us by Mr. Rogers*. It is very like the
same sex of V. litana, from which it differs in having five spots in the oblique series
on the primaries and those on the secondaries almost parallel with the outer margin ;
the secondaries, too, are more uniformly coloured beneath, and the fringe is not spotted.

b. Secondaries with a long white band towards the outer margin beneath,
and with a yellowish spot above.

4. Vacerra canente. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 14,3; 15, 16,2.)
@. Carystus canente, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 501°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis duabus parvis in cellula, quatuor in serie obliqua infra eas,
secunda maxima, ultima minuta, punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, flavo-hyalinis ;
posticis macula apicem versus punctoque in cellula coloris ejusdem: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus,
posticis fascia recta margine costali prope apicem ad marginem externum angulum analem versus

extendente alba.
9 mari similis, sed anticis maculis in cellula confluentibus punctoque subtus in cellula posticarum absente.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

The type of this species, a female, from an unknown locality !, is in our collection, and
we also possess a pair from Costa Rica, the female agreeing with it. The male, as in
V. egla, differs from the female in having the hyaline spot in the cell of the primaries
separated into two. V. canente is extremely like V. /¢tana on the upperside, but has
the secondaries very differently coloured beneath. We figure a female specimen,
also the genitalia of the male, for which latter see Tab. XCVII. fig. 14.

TIRYNTHIA, gen. nov.

Goniloba conflua, H.-S., is one of the numerous isolated forms of Tropical-American
Pamphiline that we are compelled to place by themselves. G. conflua agrees with
Oxynthes (type, Goniloba corusca, H.-S.) in general coloration, but the primaries are
without a brand, the secondaries are broadly but shortly lobed at the anal angle, the
body is very robust in both sexes, the middle tibiz are without spines, the genitalia are
different in structure, &c. Tirynthia also approaches Niconiades and Vacerra. From

* We have an unnamed male insect from Colombia very like V. lachares, but it has the spots on both wings

somewhat differently placed, and the primaries are without a brand.

524 RHOPALOCERA.

Prenes it may be separated by the more elongate antennal club, the very different form
of the genitalia of the male, &c. The secondaries have a long, broad, white band
beneath, as in the species of several of the allied genera.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a stout, elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short, stout, and bluntly
conical. The primaries are elongate, blunt at the tip, arched on the costa towards the
base, and slightly concave on the outer margin; the cell is much less than two-thirds
the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the lower one extremely
short, arising from close to the point of origin of the third median branch; the lower
radial is greatly depressed at the base; the first branch arises before the middle of the
.median nervure, the second some distance before the lower angle of the cell. The
secondaries are shortly and broadly lobed at the anal angle, but do not extend beyond
the apex of the abdomen in either sex; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one
distinct. The body is long and very robust. The middle tibie are without spines,
and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. There are no secondary sexual characters
visible on the wings.

_ iL. Tirynthia conflua. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 17, 18,3; 19, 20, 2.)
Goniloba confluu, Herr.-Schiff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 727.

Alis fuscis, anticis macula magna inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, altera minore ultra eam, punctisque
duobus in linea transversa subapicalibus, flavo-hyalinis, macula supra venam submedianam et posticis fascia
obliqua ultra cellulam venis divisa ochraceis: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis cost: dimidio
basali ochraceo, litura elongata supra venam submedianam flava; posticis fascia a margine costali apicem
versus fere ad angulum analem extendente et margine interno ad angulum analem albidis.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt).—Sourn America to Parana.

We have two females of this species from Chontales, agreeing with others from South
America in our collection, and the type kindly lent us by Dr. Staudinger. It resembles
Niconiades aanthaphes and its allies, but there is no brand on the primaries in the male,
nor is there any green colour on the upperside of the body and the base of the wings.
There is a short transverse ochraceous band, divided by the nervures, beyond the cell on
the upperside of the secondaries.

In the Hewitson collection in the British Museum there are specimens of this species
mixed with the series of Hesperia fusina, but the one marked as the type of the latter
we refer to Prenes nero. A female of 7. conflua from Chontales is figured on our
Plate. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVII. fig. 18.

NICONIADES.
Niconiades, Hiibner, Exot. Schmett. ii. t. 147 (1816-1821) ; Watson, P. Z. S, 1898, p. 119.

Watson takes N. wanthaphes, Hiibn., as the type of this genus, and also includes in it

NICONIADES. 525

Hesperia cydia, Hew.; in addition to these, we place here Proteides ceso, P. merenda,
and P. viridiceps, Mab. All are Tropical-American forms, four of them occurring
within our limits. In the typical species the hind wings are strongly lobate, approaching
Eudamus in this respect; but in WV. cydia and NV. merenda this is less marked. ‘The
males in this genus have a brand on the primaries formed of three short longitudinal
streaks placed one below the other.

The antenne are rather long, about reaching the end of the cell, with an elongate
club, terminating in a long slender crook. The palpi have their second joint densely
scaled, the third short and bluntly conical. The primaries are pointed at the tip; the
cell is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
oblique, the upper one a little more than twice the length of the lower; the lower
radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch arises some distance before the
middle of the median nervure, the second considerably before the lower angle of the cell.
The secondaries are more or less lobed at the anal angle (strongly so in NV. canthaphes),
extending considerably beyond the apex of the abdomen; the discocellulars are faint.
The body is robust. The middle and hind tibie are spined ; the latter have two pairs
of spurs. The primaries in the male have a brand formed of three portions: (1) a
triangular piece filling the angle between the base of the second median segment and
the first median branch ; (2) a longitudinal streak immediately below this; (3) a shorter
longitudinal streak along the upper edge of the submedian nervure.

a. Secondaries with a long white band beneath.

1. Niconiades xanthaphes. (Tab. XOVII. figg. 21, 22, 2.)
Niconiades xanthaphes, Hiibn. Samml. exot. Schmett. t. 147 (¢ 9)’; Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898,
p- 120°.

Alis fuscis, ad basin, cum capite et corpore supra, nitente viridibus, stigmate grisescente ; anticis maculis
quatuor, una bifida in cellula, tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, punctisque duobus aut tribus
in linea transversa, albo-hyalinis; posticis macula geminata ultra cellulam coloris ejusdem: subtus
dilutioribus, anticis costee dimidio basali ochraceo, litura supra venam submedianam alba; posticis fascia
angusta irregulari a margine costali angulum analem versus transeunte ; palpis et corpore subtus sordide
griseis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Honpuras, San Pedro (Whitely); Panama,

Bugaba, Tolé (Champion).—Sovutu America to Brazil.

Of this widely distributed Tropical-American insect we have five examples from our
region. It is one of a small group of species recognizable by the long white band on
the underside of the secondaries. We figure the fore wing of a male, to show the
position of the brand (‘Tab. XCVIL. fig. 21), also the genitalia, tor which see Tab. XCVIT.
fig. 22.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1900. 3Y

526 RHOPALOCERA.

2. Niconiades czeso. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 23, 24, 25, 3.)
Proteides ceso, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxxviii’,
NV, xanthaphi similis, sed posticis maculis tribus hyalinis, nec duabus.
2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith)—Soutn America to Brazil, Trinidad.

We have a single rather worn female example from Atoyac that we assign to WV. ceso,
which is a very near ally of V. canthaphes, Hiibn., the range of each being similar, and
the only difference that we can detect being that WV. cwso has an extra hyaline spot on
the secondaries. Our figures are taken from South-American specimens. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVII. fig. 25. |

6. Secondaries without a white band beneath.

3. Niconiades merenda. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 26, 27, 3.)
Proteides merenda, Mab. Petites Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 202 (1878) *.

Alis fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una submediana parva, secunda inter
ramos medianos primum et secundum subquadrata et maxima, tertia ultra eam, duabus in cellula,
punctisque duobus minutis subapicalibus in linea transversa, omnibus hyalinis ; posticis maculis duabus
parvis marginem externum versus (una fere obsoleta) hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis costa et apice
late, posticisque omnino, ochraceo tinctis, anticis litura submediana angulum analem versus albida, posticis
puncto minuto ochraceo in cellula; capite et thorace viridibus; palpis griseis, pilis virescentibus.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger) —VENEZUELA; Braziu}.

We have seen four specimens of this species, including the type, a pair of these being
from Chiriqui. It is a close ally of NV. viridiceps, as we have noted under that species.

4. Niconiades viridiceps. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 28, 29, ¢.)
Proteides viridiceps, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 99, f. 4'.

Q. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una triangulari supra venam submedianam, secunda
maxima subquadrata inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam, duabus in cellula
(superiore majore), punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, eo margini costali proximo
minutissimo, omnibus hyalinis; posticis maculis tribus in linea trausversa ultra cellulam, ea ad apicem
proxima maxima, hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis (area mediana excepta) ochraceo tinctis, macula
submediana anticarum elongata, posticis puncto in cellula, altero marginem costalem propiore, et tertia
angulum analem versus, albidis; capite et thorace supra viridibus; palpis subtus pilis albis vestitis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger 1).

Through the kindness of Dr. Staudinger we have been able to examine the type of
this species, which, according to Mabille!, is a male; but, although the body is now
missing, we have no doubt it is a female, the primaries being without any trace of a
brand.

N. viridiceps is very like N. merenda (Mab.); the spots, however, on the secondaries
form a transverse band, which is not the case in the latter species. ‘The type is figured.

OXYNTHES. 527

OXYNTHES, gen. nov.

The single Tropical-American species referred to this genus, Goniloba corusca, H.-S.
(= Proteides martius, Mab.), we had at first placed under Niconiades, from which it
differs in the following points :—The lower radial nervure of the primaries arises from
close to the lower angle of the cell, the third median segment thus being very short (in
Niconiades the lower discocellular is nearly as long as the third median segment); the
secondaries are, at most, very feebly lobate in the male, not extending beyond the apex
of the abdomen, in the female almost rounded at the anal angle; the lower portion of
the brand on the primaries in the male is transverse (instead of running along the
upper edge of the submedian nervure, as in Niconiades); the genitalia of the male are
dissimilarly formed.

The antenne and palpi are formed as in Wiconiades. The primaries are almost
pointed at the tip; the cell is nearly two-thirds the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are strongly oblique, the lower one extremely short; the lower radial is
greatly depressed at the base, and arises from close to the lower angle of the cell; the
first branch arises considerably before the middle of the median nervure, the second not
far from the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are very feebly lobed at the anal
angle, not extending beyond the abdomen in either sex. The middle and hind tibie are
spined ; the latter have two pairs of spurs. The body is robust. The primaries of
the male have a brand formed of three portions: (1) a triangular piece filling the
angle between the base of the second median segment and the first median branch ;
(2) a short longitudinal streak just below this; (3) a short transverse piece extending
from the submedian nervure towards the one above it.

O. coruscus, like some of the species of Niconiades, has a transverse white band on

the secondaries beneath.

1. Oxynthes coruscus. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 30-33, ¢ .)
Goniloba corusca, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 72°.
Proteides martius, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 127, f.2 (3)’.

Alis fuscis, ad basin cum capite et corpore supra virescentibus, stigmate grisescente, coste dimidio bagali
squamis flavis notato, macula duplici in cellula, tribus infra eam, una parva in venam submedianam,
secunda inter ramos medianos primum et secundum maxima, extrorsum excavata, tertia ultra eam,
punctisque tribus in linea transversa, omnibus albo-hyalinis: subtus multo pallidioribus, anticis coste
dimidio basali ochraceo, linea curvata supra venam submedianam albida; posticis fascia recta a coste
medio angulum analem versus extensa alba, linea brevi coloris ejusdem ab angulo ipso venam sequente ;
abdomine subtus ochraceo.

¢ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Panama, Chiriqui (mus.

Staudinger ?),—Sovura Amzrica to Brazil.

Of this species we possess only a worn female from Central America, but we have

seen a second in Dr. Staudinger’s collection. It is very like Miconiades xanthaphes,
3Y 2

528 RHOPALOCERA.

Hiibn., but has a straight white band on the secondaries beneath, and these wings are
without the hyaline spots. The secondaries of both sexes are less prolonged at the
anal angle. Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male of the present species labelled
G. corusca, H.-S.; this, like our Mexican insect, has the white band on the underside
of the secondaries very broad. Miconiades cydia (Hew.), from Brazil, is also very
similarly coloured, but differs in being larger, the hind wings are more produced
at the anal angle, and the lower portion of the brand on the primaries is in a line
with the submedian nervure (instead of extending forwards from it, as in the present
species), in this respect agreeing with NV. xanthaphes. A South-American specimen is
figured ; also the fore wing of the male to show the position of the brand (Tab. XCVII.
fig. 32). For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVII. fig. 33.

PHEMIADES.
Phemiades, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 112 (1816); Watson, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 103.

Watson, following Scudder, takes Papilio phineus, Cram., as the type of this genus,
and Hesperia propertius, Fabr., must likewise belong here. He states that there are
no secondary sexual characters on the wings, but in H. propertius there is a distinct,
oblique, interrupted brand. This last-mentioned insect just enters our limits, and the
following characters are taken from it :—

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a moderately stout
club, terminating in a rather long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short, stout,
and bluntly conical. The primaries are pointed at the tip; the costa is nearly straight
at the base; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are very oblique, the upper one about three times the length of the lower, the
latter less than half the length of the third median segment; the lower radial is
strongly depressed at the base; the first branch arises a little before the middle of °
the median nervure, the second a long way from the lower angle of the cell. The
secondaries are slightly; lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are oblique, the
upper one faint. ‘The body is very robust. ‘The legs are stout; the middle tibie are
furnished with long spines, and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries
of the male have an oblique interrupted brand extending from a little before the
apex of the second median segment to the middle of the submedian nervure.

1. Phemiades propertius. (Tab. XCVII. fig. 34, ¢.) |
Hesperia propertius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ili. 1, p. 325+; Hew. Exot. Butt., Hesperia, ff. 33, 34°.
Papilio propertius, Donov. Ins. India, t. 47. f. 2°.

Carystus propertius, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 273 *.
Hesperia memuca, Hew. Trans. Ent, Soc. (8) ii. p. 497°.

Alis fuscis, anticis stigmate grisescente, costa squamis aureis notata, maculis tribus discalibus in linea obliqua
infra cellulam punctisque duobus in linea transversa subapicalibus flavidis, dimidio basali Marginis interni

PHEMIADES.—THOON. 529

hitura flava notato; posticis fascia maculosa transversa ultra cellulam coloris ejusdem: subtus anticis
area interna fusca, maculis discalibus pagine superioris majoribus et fasciis duabus subapicalibus flavis,
costa et apicem versus castaneis ; posticis castaneis, fascia subcostali, secunda mediana et margine ipso
ad angulum analem anguste flavis; tibiis rufis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—Sovtu America to Brazil ¢.

Of this conspicuous species we have seen a specimen from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection. Unfortunately this insect is not now before us, hence we have taken our
description from Guiana examples rather than exclude P. propertius from our list.
It is perhaps not really different from Papilio phineus, Cram. For the genitalia of
the male, see Tab. XCVII. fig. 34.

THOON, gen. nov.

The two Central-American species referred to this genus, of which we take Protezdes
modius, Mab. (=P. stilio, Mab.), as the type, are very like Cobalus; but the males
have a double brand on the primaries—a triangular piece and a short longitudinal
streak below it—and very peculiar genitalia. These characters also separate Thoon from
other allied genera.

The antenne are a little more than half the length of the costa, and have a rather
slender club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short, but
distinctly visible, and bluntly conical. The primaries are considerably produced at the
apex, somewhat pointed in the male and blunt in the female, the costa arched at the
base; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
are oblique, the upper one about three times the length of the lower, the latter being
shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the
base; the first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure, the second not
far from the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal angle,
extending beyond the apex of the abdomen ; the discocellulars are faint and transverse.
The body is robust. The middle tibie are furnished with long spines, and the hind
tibiee have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have the two portions of the
brand placed thus: (1) a subtriangular piece (slightly excised externally in the type) in
the angle between the base of the second median segment and that of the first median
branch; (2) a short longitudinal streak just below it.

1. Thoon modius. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 35-38, .)
Proteides modius, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 99, f. 2°.
Proteides stilio, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. lxxxvii (1891) ’.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate fere concolore, anticis maculis duabus parvis in cellula (interdum obsoletis), tribus in
linea obliqua (una ad venam submedianam ochracea), duabus inter ramos medianos, infima magna et.
subquadrata, una (interdum duabus) parva, subapicali, flavo-hyalinis ; posticis maculis tribus in serie
transversa ultra cellulam ochraceis: subtus fere ut supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis macula submediana

530 | RHOPALOCERA.

albida, area mediana obscuriore; posticis puncto ad cellule finem et aliis quatuor in serie transversa
ochraceis ; capite et thorace supra viridibus; palpis subtus griseis, abdomine albido.
Q mari similis, sed subtus pallidiore et posticis maculis albidis (nec ochraceis).

Hab. Guatemata, San Gerdénimo (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Cosra
Rica, Caché (Hogers); Panama, Chiriqui? (Ribbe, mus. Staudinger }).

We have seen eight males and two females of this insect from within our limits.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us Mabille’s type of P. stiléo and also that of P. modius, both
males, from Chiriqui; he has likewise sent us examples of the same species under
the name of Carystus cocalus, but we do not find that this last appellation has been
published. We figure the type of P. modius, Mab., from Chiriqui; also the fore
wing of the male, to show the position of the brand (Tab. XCVII. fiz. 37), and the
genitalia of the male, for which see Tab. XOVII. fig. 38.

2. Thoon taxes, sp.n. (Tab. XOVII. figg. 39, 40,¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis stigmate nigrescente, maculis duabus in linea obliqua infra cellulam, una elongata inter
. ramos medianos primum et secundum, altera minore et subquadrata ultra eam, hyalinis, macula submediana
valde indistincta flavida: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, posticis punctis indistinctis quatuor ultra
cellulam in linea curvata ochraceis.
© ignota.

flab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a worn male specimen of this insect, which may be
distinguished from many other similarly-coloured species by the form of the brand on
the primaries, this being black and conspicuous.

T. taxes is not unlike onus pyste, but the brands are very dissimilar in shape. It
differs from 7. modius in having much smaller hyaline spots on the primaries, and the
secondaries immaculate above.

RHINTHON, gen. nov.

The six Tropical-American species referred to this genus, all occurring within our
limits, differ from the other Pamphiline known to us in the position of the brand
on the primaries in the male, this, in the form of a single longitudinal streak, being
placed along the upper edge of the submedian nervure, at or before the middle.
Proteides chiriquensis, Mab., is taken as the type, and the other species are Thracides
melius, Hiibn., Hesperia cynea, Hew. (=Carystus erebina, Méschl.), and three new ones
described below. &. chiriquensis differs from the others in having large hyaline spots
on the primaries. The males of all of them have, in addition to the brand, a more or
less distinct fringe of long hairs on the fore wings below the submedian nervure
towards the base, and also some long hairs along the upper edge of the abdominal fold
of the secondaries. The genitalia of R. cynea, f. alus, and LR. melius are extremely
similar, those of the other species differing inter se.

RHINTHON. 531]

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, longer in R. megalops, and have
a moderately stout club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi are densely clothed .
with scales; the third joint very short, stout, and bluntly conical. The primaries are
rather pointed at the tip, with the outer margin straight towards the anal angle; the
cell is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
strongly oblique, the upper one fully twice the length of the lower, the latter a little
shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the
base; the first branch arises considerably before the middle of the median nervure,
the second at some little distance before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. The body is robust.
The middle tibie are furnished with long, the hind tibie with shorter spines; the
latter have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have an inconspicuous
longitudinal brand placed along the upper edge of the submedian nervure, at or before
the middle.

a. Primaries with large hyaline spots.

1. Rhinthon chiriquensis. (Tab. XCVII. figg. 41-44, 3.)
Proteides chiriquensis, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 127, f. 1 (3)’.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate elongato griseo, anticis ad basin brunnescentioribus, maculis duabus inter ramos
medianos, proxima magna subquadrata, altera apici propiore, una in cellula geminata, punctisque tribus
in linea curvata transversa, albo-hyalinis, infra venam submedianam pilis longis penicillatis ; posticis (nisi
regione costali) pilis ochraceo-fuscis vestitis, punctis duobus ultra cellulam albis: subtus ut supra, anticis
angulum analem versus pallidioribus, in costa et apice late, posticisque omnino, squamis dispersis griseis
sparsim vestitis; posticis puncto in cellula, et aliis tribus in linea transversa ultra eum, albis; capite
supra viridi tincto ; palpis subtus pilis albidis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemauta, Panima in Vera Paz
(Champion); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger '), Calobre (Arcé).

We have seen five males and two females of this species, including the type. Mabille
referred R. chiriquensis to the genus Proteides, from which, as we understand it, it
differs in having a conspicuous brand on the primaries in the male, as well as in the
neuration of these wings. Dr. Staudinger has also sent us a female specimen of the
present species under the name of Pamphila cubana, H.-S., but this determination
seems to us to be very doubtful. We figure the type from Chiriqui; also the fore
wing of the male, to show the position of the brand (Tab. XCVII. fig. 43), and the

genitalia, for which see lab. XCVII. fig. 44.

b. Primaries with small hyaline spots.

2, Rhinthon cynea. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 1, 2, 3, ¢.)
Hesperia cynea, Hew. Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xviii. p. 456 (1876) ’.
Carystus erebina, Méschi. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 211°.

532 RHOPALOCERA.

Carystus kasus, Moschl. loc. cit. p. 213 (¢)’.
? Carystus tersa, Méschl. loc. cit. p. 218 (¢)*.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis duabus ad cellule finem, una inter ramos medianos
primum et secundum, altera transversa minore ultra eam, punctisque minutis in linea transversa sub-
apicalibus (interdum obsoletis), albo-hyalinis, pilis lovgis infra venam submedianam penicillatis: subtus
ut supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis linea subcostali grisea, puncto minuto ad cellule finem albo, maculis ut
supra, area ad angulum analem late albida; posticis punctis tribus minutis ultra cellule finem albidis ;
palpis subtus albidis ; capite et thorace supra pilis viridibus instructis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Costa
Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger), Taboga I. (G. Mathew).—
CoLomBIA? 34; VENEZUELA!,

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the types of Carystus erebina and C. kasus, Méschler,
from Colombia, and these do not differ from that of Hesperia cynea, Hew., from
Venezuela. We possess several specimens of the same species from Central America,
all of which are males. C. kasus represents a small form, and we have others like it
from Taboga Island and Colombia. C. tersa, Méschler, based upon a single female
example from Colombia, probably belongs here. A male of R. cynea from Atoyac is
figured. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 3.

8. Rhinthon alus, sp.n. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 4, 5, 6, 6.)

R. cynee similis, sed anticis maculis discalibus angustioribus: capite et thorace fuscis (nec viridibus): subtus
anticis ad angulum analem pallide fuscis ; palpis obscurioribus.
2 ignota.

Hab. Panama (Libbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Gutana; AMAzONS; Boutvia.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us two male specimens of this species from Panama under
the MS. name of Carystus alus, Mabille, and we have several others from South
America agreeing with it. &. alus is exceedingly like R. cynea, Hew., and the male
has a similar brand on the primaries, but the head and thorax are clothed with fuscous
(instead of green) hairs above, and the hyaline spots are narrower. ‘The genitalia of
the two species are very similar: for those of FR. alus, see Tab. XCVIIL. fig. 6.

c. Primaries immaculate above.

4. Rhinthon melius. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 7,3; 8,2.)
Thracides melius, Geyer, in Hiibner’s Zutr. ex. Schmett. iv. p. 35, ff. 755, 756 (g¢)'.
Pamphila irma, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 216 (¢)?.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate elongato submediano pallidiore, anticis infra venam medianam et submedianam, et
in plica abdominale posticarum, pilis longis penicillatis: subtus obscurioribus et purpureo tinctis, anticis
ad angulum analem multo pallidioribus, apice et margine externo grisescentibus ; posticis margine externo
et interno coloris ejusdem ; palpis et corpore subtus griseis.

Q mari similis, anticis punctis tribus indistinctis in linea transversa subapicalibus griseis: subtus marginibus
externis et internis multo grisescentioribus.

RHINTHON. — 533

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (H. H. Smith &
Schumann), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Panama, Taboga I. (G. Mathew).—Sovutu
AMERICA!, Colombia? to Brazil; TRintpap.

Out of fifteen specimens of this insect now before us, five only are from Central
America; these agree very well with Geyer’s figure. Dr. Staudinger has lent us the
type of Pamphila irma, Moschler, from Colombia, and it clearly belongs to this species.
In its uniform brown upperside R. melius resembles Papias infuscatus (Plotz), but is
readily separable from it by the peculiar markings of the under surface and the presence
of a brand on the primaries in the male. ‘The females, of which we possess two from
Atoyac, are far more brightly coloured beneath, the broad grey margins on the
secondaries leaving a dark patch extending from the costa across the discal area.
We figure a female specimen from Atoyac; also the genitalia of the male, for which
see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 7.

5. Rhinthon epaphus, sp. n. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 9, 10, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus pallidioribus, posticis marginem externum versus late et ad angulum
analem sordide ochraceis, punctis duobus ultra cellulam (interdum obsoletis) coloris ejusdem ; ciliis ad
angulum analem posticarum ochraceis ; palpis griseo-fuscis.

¢ mari similis, sed posticis subtus ad angulum analem late pallide ochraceis, punctis duobus magis distinctis.

Hab. Guatemata, Chisoy Valley (F. D. G. & O. S.), Panima in Vera Paz (Champion).
—Brivish GUIANA.

Of this species we have seen three specimens only, two males from the Atlantic slope
of Guatemala, and a female from Quonga, British Guiana, the latter sent to us by
Whitely. One of the males was labelled long ago by Salvin with the specific name
“enaphus, Mab.,” but we have failed to find a published description of the insect.
The shape of the brand will easily separate R. epaphus from most of the allied forms.
It is much larger than either 2. melius or R. megalops, and differs from both in having
the outer margin of the secondaries broadly suffused with ochreous beneath. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIIL. fig. 10.

6. Rhinthon megalops, sp. n. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 11, 12, 13, ¢.)

Alis velutino-atro-fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus ut in pagina superiore, sed rubescentibus, anticis angulum
analem versus pallidiore ; capite, palpis et thorace supra viridi tinctis.
@ ignota.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica, Caché (2ogers); Panama, Chiriqui
(mus. Staudinger).

This is a strikingly dark insect, differing from R. melius in having the underside of
the wings much more uniformly coloured. Four specimens only have been seen, two
of them belonging to Dr. Staudinger. ‘The Teapa example is much smaller than the
others, and has the brand reduced to a very short longitudinal streak. From the

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1900. 3Z

534 : RHOPALOCERA.

numerous similarly-coloured forms, the large head and eyes, the green hairs on the head
and on the front of the thorax, and the form of the brand will serve to distinguish it.
One of the Chiriqui specimens has on the underside of the secondaries a faint spot in
the cell, and three others beyond it, formed by scattered ochreous scales. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 13.

COBALUS.
Cobalus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 115 (1816) (part.) ; Watson, P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 120.

Under this genus we provisionally include various Tropical-American forms— Hesperia
fidicula, Hew., Carystus argus, Méschl., Pamphila warra, Moschl., &c. Watson takes
as the type Paptliv virbius, Cram., an insect not entering our limits; the other species
he places in it, Hesperia physcella, Hew., belongs to our genus Eutychide. Cobalus
canne, H.-S. (= Pamphila osembo, Méschl.), a common Tropical-American species, has
the secondaries more produced at the anal angle, and the genitalia of the males very
peculiarly formed, but for the present it can remain here. C. virbius and C. fidicula
have a white patch on the secondaries above and beneath, a system of coloration
common to some of the species of Carystus.

The chief characters of Cobalus are the moderately long antenne, with long crook,
the short terminal joint of the palpi, the very robust body, and the somewhat pointed
primaries in the male, which are without trace of a brand. All the species we refer
to it are of rather large size.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a moderately elongate
club, terminating in a long crook. ‘The third joint of the palpi is very short and bluntly
conical. ‘The primaries are somewhat produced, and have the apex more or less pointed,
the costa being very slightly arched towards the base; the cell is less than two-thirds
the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the upper one two or
three times the length of the lower, the latter a little shorter than the third median
segment; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch arises
before the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little distance before the
lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are more or less produced at the anal angle;
the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one faint. The body is robust. The middle
tibiee are usually spined (except in C. virbius and some others); the hind tibia have
two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male are without trace of a brand, but
in C. canne there is a pencil of hairs beneath the base of the first median branch in
this sex.

The genitalia of the male of C. fidicula are very like those of C. virbius, but those
of the other species dissected are all more or less differently formed. C. argus has
a very long crook to the antenne, and it would be almost as well placed in the
genus Carystus.

en
ws
On

COBALUS.

a. Primaries with hyaline spots.

a'. Secondaries with a large white patch near the outer margin.

1. Cobalus fidicula. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 14, 15, 16, ¢.)
Hesperia fidicula, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 81’.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis duabus, una inter ramos medianos primum et secundum lunulata, altera ultra
eam minore et punctis duobus (interdum uno) subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis ; posticis plaga magna
ovali marginem externum versus alba: subtus ut supra, sed rubescentioribus, anticis marginem internum
versus pallidioribus et macula albida notata.

Hab. Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Costa Rica (mus. Staudinger *);
Panama, Chiriqui (ea Staudinger).

We have two males of this species, which is very closely allied to C. virbtus (Cram.),
but differs from it in having the primaries a little more elongate, and the white patch
on the secondaries not reaching the outer margin. We had at first referred this insect
to Carystus, but it seems better placed here. The genitalia of the male are very like
those of C. virbius, see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 16.

b'. Secondaries immaculate above.

a'. Primaries with one or two hyaline spots in the cell.

2. Cobalus gabina, sp.n. (Tab. XOVIII. figg. 17, 18, ¢ .)

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, ea in medio inter ramos medianos
primum et secundum maxima, aliis parvis, alia geminata in cellula, punctisque tribus in linea obliqua
subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis ; posticis regione costali obscurioribus: subtus ut supra, sed pallidi-
oribus, anticis area mediana obscuriore, macula ad venam submedianam multo majore; palpis subtus
flavo-griseis.

Hab. Mxxico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

A single male example is all we know of this species. It somewhat resembles
C. argus on the upperside, except that the hyaline spots in the cell of the primaries are
confluent, and that there are some minute additional subapical dots on these wings ;
the secondaries, however, are immaculate beneath.

8. Cobalus argus. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 19, 20, 21, ¢ .)

Carystus argus, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxviii. p. 212 (1878) ’.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis quinque, duabus in cellula, superiore minuta, tribus in serie obliqua infra eas, ea
in medio maxima, omnibus albo-hyalinis: subtus griseis, anticis area mediana fusca, plaga supra venam
submedianam albida, punctis tribus subapicalibus nigrescentibus ; posticis maculis quinque, una magna in
cellula aliisque quatuor in serie irregulari (una interdum duabus oceliatis), nigris.

9 nobis ignota.
Hab. Panama, Taboga I. (G. Mathew).—Cotomsia!; ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
32 2

536 RHOPALOCERA.

We have seen the type of this distinct species, and we also have a specimen from
Taboga agreeing with it. Dr. Staudinger, too, has sent us a male of C. argus labelled as
coming from the Argentine Republic. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIII.

fig. 21.
6". Primaries without a hyaline spot in the cell.

4. Cobalus percosius, sp. n. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 22, 23, 24, 3.)
Alis fuscis, anticis maculis duabus ad cellule finem, una inter ramos medianos primum et secundum sagittiforme,
altera exteriore minore, punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus (interdum obsoletis), posticis
interdum punctis duobus ultra cellulam, albo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, anticis litura magna ad angulum
analem flavo-grisea; posticis puncto ad cellule finem (interdum obsoleto) et duobus margini externo propiore
flavis; palpis subtus et ciliis griseis.
Q mari similis, sed supra macula quoque submediana albida.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Zapote (Champion); Panama,
Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

Mr. H. H. Smith has sent us two males and two females of this species from Eastern
Mexico, Mr. Champion captured a male in Guatemala, and we have also seen a male
and a female of it from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection. It is not unlike
Rhinthon cynea, but is without a brand, and has a sagittate spot between the first and
second median branches, instead of a transverse one, on the primaries. The female,
as is often the case, and sometimes the male also, has an additional spot near the
submedian nervure. The minute subapical spots on the primaries are not always
visible on the upperside. A specimen from Atoyac is figured. For the genitalia of
the male, see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 24.

5. Cobalus cannz. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 25, 26, 27, ¢.)
Cobalus canne, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 83 (1869) *.
Pamphila osembo, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1883, p. 326”.

Alis brunneo-fuscis, anticis maculis duabus transversis in linea obliqua, una inter ramos medianos primum et
secundum, altera ultra eam, punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, interdum valde indis-
tinctis, omnibus albo-hyalinis : subtus fere ut supra, marginem internum et externum versus pallidioribus ;
posticis rubescentioribus, fasciis duabus macularibus curvatis transeuntibus obscurioribus ; ciliis fulvis.

Q mari similis, sed maculis majoribus.

Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith), Coatepec
(coll. Schaus); British Honpvuras, Corosal (Roe); GuaremaLa, Panima in Vera Paz
(Champion)—Souru America to the Argentine Republic. |

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the types of Cobalus canne, H.-S., and Pamphila osembo,
Moschl., the latter being from Surinam 2, and we are unable to detect any difference
between them. He has also lent us a specimen of the same Species under the MS.
name of Pamphila byzas, Mab., from Venezuela. ‘The absence of the brand, on the
primaries of the male separates C. canne at once from Rhinthon alus, which it closely
resembles on the upperside.

Our series of upwards of thirty examples show some variation in the size of the

COBALUS.—COBALOPSIS. 537

hyaline spots on the primaries, these being almost obliterated in several specimens.
The females have larger spots, and are usually more brightly coloured. We have
dissected the genitalia of a male from Atoyac, Mexico, and of another from Manaure,
Colombia, and these no show no difference (see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 27). The primaries
have in this sex a pencil of long hairs below the origin of the first median branch, and
also some long hairs below the middle of the submedian nervure.

6. Primaries and secondaries immaculate above.

6. Cobalus warra. (Tab. XCVIII. fig. 28,4.)
Pamphila warra, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 327 ‘.
Hesperia warra, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1883, p. 27°.

Alis obscure fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus anticis pallidioribus, costa fasciaque indistincta ultra cellulam
recurvata sordide albidis; posticis dimidio basali albescente, dimidio distali fusco; corpore subtus albido.
© nobis ignota.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).—Gutana, Surinam ! *.

Mr. Rogers obtained a single male in Costa Rica which we refer to this species, but
Salvin, who compared it with Méschler’s type from Surinam, found that the white at
the base of the secondaries beneath was rather more extensive.

COBALOPSIS, gen. nov.

The two Tropical-American species (Carystus dyscritus, Mab., and Pamphila edda,
Mab.) we place under this genus agree with Codalus in the neuration of the wings, as
well as in their other general characters; but they have the male genitalia so remark-
ably formed that we think it best to separate them. We take P. edda as the type.
The harpes in the males of both species are greatly elongated, so that they project
considerably beyond the apex of the abdomen, and can be seen without dissection.
As in Cobalus, there is no trace of a brand on the primaries in this sex. Hesperia
pelora, Plétz, from Brazil, must also belong to Cobalopsis.

1. Cobalopsis edda. (Tab. XCVIIL. figg. 29, 30, 31, 3; 32,9.)
Pamphila edda, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. clxx (¢ ?) (1891) °.
? Hesperia pelora, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 344°.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis duabus parvis inter ramos medianos, tertia in cellula, punctisque tribus in linea
transversa subapicalibus, albo-hyalinis : subtus multo pallidioribus, anticis area mediana obscuriore,
maculis ut supra, plaga elongata angulum analem versus albida ; posticis maculis quatuor aut quinque
minutis in serie curvata apicem versus quoque albidis; palpis subtus griscis; ventre albido.

Q mari similis, sed maculis omnibus majoribus, ea in cellula geminata, macula quoque supra venam
submedianam et altera minuta supra cam albidis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gauwmer); GUATEMALA,
Panima and San Gerénimo in Vera Paz (Champion) ; Panama, Chiriqui! (Ribbe, in
mus. Staudinger ).—GUIANA.

538 RHOPALOCERA.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us both the male and female types of this species from
Chiriqui, and we have others from Mexico and Guatemala agreeing with them. The
female is scarcely separable from a specimen of the same sex sent us by Herr G. Semper
under the name of Hesperia pelora, Plétz, from Brazil 2, but in the absence of the male
of the Brazilian insect it is impossible to identify Plétz’s species with certainty.
Our figures of the insect are taken from Mabille’s types. For the genitalia of the male,
see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 31.

2. Cobalopsis dyscritus. (Tab. XCVIII. fig. 33, 3.)
Carystus dyscritus, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. exv (1891) '.

d. Supra C. edde similis, quoad colorem, subtus posticis ochraceoribus, partibus genitaliis dissimilibus.
Q mari similis, sed anticis macula submediana elongata ochracea.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui
(mus. Staudinger).—CotomB1a, San Juan!; Guiana; Amazons; Perv.

The male of this species, which we have identified from specimens from the Amazons
lent us by Dr. Staudinger, is so like the corresponding sex of C. edda that we should
have placed them together without hesitation, had not their genitalia proved to be very
different. We have dissected several males from various localities, and as these
characters are constant we are compelled to treat the two insects as distinct. We
possess eight males of C. dyscritus, one of which is from Costa Rica, and with these
we associate a single female from Chiriqni; this latter differs considerably from the
same sex of C. edda, being, indeed, very much like the male.

For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 33.

ONOPHAS, gen. nov.

Pamphila columbaria, H.-S. (=P. flossites, Butl.), is one of the numerous Tropical-
American forms nearly allied to Cobalus, but cannot be included in that gents, as
defined by Watson, on account of the brand on the primaries of the male, the brand
again being different in form from that of the species of the neighbouring genera. We
are therefore compelled to place this insect in a separate genus.

The antenne are considerably more than half the length of the costa, and have an
elongate, stout club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short
and bluntly conical. The primaries are moderately long and somewhat pointed at the
tip; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
oblique, the upper one nearly three times the length of the lower, the latter being
shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the
first branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little
distance before the lower angle of the cell. ‘The secondaries are produced at the anal
angle; the discocellulars are very faint. The body is robust, The middle tibie are

ONOPHAS.—CONUS. 539

spined, and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a

very narrow, linear, oblique, interrupted brand, extending from the base of the second

median branch to below the first, at some distance from its point of origin, and in a

line with this, above the middle of the submedian nervure, there is a transverse fold.
The genitalia of the male are very peculiar in form.

1. Onophas columbaria. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 34-37, ¢ .)
Pamphila columbaria, Herr.-Schaff. Corresp.-Blatt Regensb, 1870, p. 159°.
Pamphila flossites, Butl. P. Z. 8S. 1873, p. 687’.

Alis fuscis ad basin et corpore supra viridi-ceruleis, stigmate nigrescente; anticis maculis duabus indistinctis
inter ramos medianos, proxima majore, sordide flavis: subtus ochraceis, anticis area mediana fusca,
maculis paging superioris et altera elongata infra eas albidis ; posticis striga a basi posticarum angulum
analem versus eunte, flavidis ; subtus palpis et thorace ceruleo-albis, abdomine albo.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, ew Staudinger).—VenEzvELa ; Guiana; Amazons?; Brazin*;

‘TRINIDAD.

Eleven examples of this distinct species are before us, three being from Panama.
O. columbaria may readily be distinguished from all the allied forms by its peculiar
coloration—the body, head, and base of the wings being bright blue, and the second-
aries ochreous beneath. Dr. Staudinger has sent us examples of this insect under the
name of Pamphila columbaria, Herrich-Schatfer, and we have accepted his determination
as correct. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 37.

CHONUS, gen. nov.

The single species from Mexico froin which the following characters are taken is
nearly related to Onophas and Perimeles, having a somewhat similar brand in the
male; but the genitalia in this sex are totally dissimilar in structure, and the neuration
of the primaries also differs. Hesperia degener, Plétz, from Venezuela, also probably
belongs here.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a rather stout club,
terminating in a long crook. ‘The third joint of the palpi is short and bluntly conical.
The primaries are produced, and are somewhat pointed at the tip; the cell is much
less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique,
the upper one more than four times the length of the lower, the latter very short,
being about half the length of the third median segment and almost in a line with it;
the lower radial is greatly depressed at the base; the first branch arises considerably
before the middle of the median nervure, the second not far from the lower angle of
the cell. ‘The secondaries are produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are
oblique and very faint. The body is moderately robust. ‘The middle tibiz are spined,
the hind tibize have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a conspicuous

540 RHOPALOCERA.

treble brand formed thus: (1) an oblique curved streak extending from near the distal
end of the second median segment to the first median branch at some distance from its
point of origin ; (2) a short, slightly oblique, piece just below this ; (3) another oblique
piece extending forward from the submedian nervure at some distance before the
middle.

1. Honus pyste, sp.n. (Tab. XCVIIL. fige. 38-41, ¢ .)

Alis fuscis, stigmate paulo obscuriore, anticis maculis duabus in linea obliqua, una angusta et elongata inter
ramos medianos primum et secundum, altera minore ultra eam (interdum tertia minutissima subapicali),
albo-hyalinis: subtus forsan dilutioribus, litura supra venam submedianam albida; posticis punctis
minutis indistinctis quatuor marginem externum versus flavis.

? mari similis, sed anticis supra macula inter ramos medianos primum et secundum latiore et subquadrata :
subtus litura submediana majore.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

We have ten specimens of this species, including both sexes, all collected by
Mr. Smith at Atoyac. Dr. Staudinger has sent us a male very like it, from Herrich-
Schaffer’s collection, under the name of Goniloba degener ; but this insect has a very
distinct hyaline spot towards the apex of the primaries, and these wings are without the
whitish submedian streak beneath, and the brand also is somewhat differently shaped.
In &. pyste there is sometimes a minute white spot towards the apex of the primaries.
For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIII. fig. 41.

MUCIA, gen. nov.

The widely-distributed Tropical-American insect referred to this genus has exactly
the facies of a Cobalus, but the treble brand on the primaries in the male separates it
at once. This last-mentioned character brings it near Onophas, Gonus, Perimeles,
Lerema, &c., but the form of the brand is a little different from that of the species
of all these genera, and the genitalia of the male also. We have one or two unnamed
South-American forms in our collection that probably belong here, but we have not as
yet seen males of them.

_ The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a rather short stout
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is very short, stout, and
bluntly conical. The primaries are moderately long, somewhat pointed at the tip, the
costa arched at the base; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one more than twice
the length of the lower; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first
branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second at some distance
before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are a little produced at the anal
angle; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one distinct. The body is robust.
The middle tibie are spined, and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The
primaries of the male have a narrow, curved, oblique, interrupted brand formed of

MUCIA.—MORYS. 54]

three pieces, the middle piece placed at a different angle to the others: (1) a short
streak extending from the base of the second median branch to the first at some
distance from its point of origin ; (2) an oblique piece just below this; (3) a straight
streak extending forwards from the middle of the submedian nervure.

As we possess but two males of If. thyia, each from a different locality, we have not
ventured to remove the scales from the wings; we have, however, dissected the genitalia
of one of them. It may be noted that the proximal end of the central piece of the
brand slopes downward, instead of upward as in the genus Honus.

1. Mucia thyia, sp.n. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 42, 43, 44, 3.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate paulo obscuriore, anticis maculis parvis duabus in linea obliqua, una inter ramos
medianos primum et secundum, altera ultra eam, albo-hyalinis: subtus fere ut supra, sed anticis punctis
minutis quatuor in serie irregulari subapicalibus, posticis tribus in serie curvata apicem versus, nigris ;
abdomine subtus ochraceo.

Q mari similis, sed anticis maculis majoribus.

Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).—Brazit, Matto Grosso.

Of this species we have a pair from Mexico and a male from Chapada, in Matto
Grosso. It may readily be separated from most of the allied forms by the black
dots on the underside of both wings towards the apex. We have in our collection two
females of an unnamed and allied species from Brazil, but in these the black spots are
in a different position. . thyia is very like Eutychide asema (Mab.), but may at once
be distinguished by the form of the brand and by the presence of some small black
spots near the apex of the primaries beneath. Both species have a curved line of
black spots on the underside of the secondaries, though these are rather differently
placed in the two insects. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIILI. fig. 44.

MORYS, gen. nov.

The single species placed here, Apaustus valerius, Moschl., is one of many very
similarly coloured Tropical-American Pamphiline, each of which exhibits charac-
teristics of its own, the present insect having a long, broad, oblique, interrupted
brand on the primaries of the male, and the genitalia in this sex very. peculiarly
formed, the harpes terminating in two widely divergent acuminate points, much as
in the species of Maris.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a rather elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short, stout, and bluntly
conical. The primaries are moderately elongate, somewhat pointed at the tip in the
male, blunt in the female, the costa arched at the base; the cell is much less than
two-thirds the length of the costa ; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one twice
as long as the lower, the latter being of the same length as the third median segment ;
the lower radial is depressed at the base ; the first branch arises slightly before the

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1900. 4A

942 RHOPALOCERA.

middle of the median nervure, the second not far from the lower angle of the cell.
The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. The
body is moderately stout. The middle tibiz are spined, and the hind tibie have two
pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a conspicuous, broad, oblique,
interrupted brand extending from the base of the second median branch to a little
before the middle of the submedian nervure, nearly filling the angle between the first
median branch and the second median segment.

1. Morys valerius. (Tab. XCVIII. figg. 45, 46, 47, ¢.)
Apaustus valerius, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 223 (?)?.

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigrescente, anticis maculis duabus in linea obliqua, una transversa inter ramos medianos
primum et secundum, altera ultra eam minore, punctisque duobus in linea transversa subapicalibus, albo-
hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis area mediana obscuriore ; posticis punctis minutis
quatuor in serie curvata apicem versus flavidis ; palpis et corpore subtus albidis.

2 mari similis, sed purpureo tinctis, anticis interdum punctis tribus in linea obliqua ultra cellulam albo-hyalinis.

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada, Dos Arroyos, Acapulco (H. H. Smith), Paso de San
Juan, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Valladolid ( Gaumer); Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gawmer) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).—Cotometa!; VENEZUELA; BRazIL.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of this species, which was described from a single
female from Colombia, and with this we associate numerous specimens of both sexes
from Central America. The females differ from the males in having the primaries |
blunter at the apex. WM. valerius is very like Cobalus tripunctus, H.-S.,=Pamphila
ancus, Moschl., the female types of which have also been lent us by Dr. Staudinger,
but the males we refer to this species are without a brand*. The females of valerius
vary somewhat in the coloration of the underside of the secondaries. We have seen
specimens of it in the British Museum labelled Pamphila cerdo, Boisd. Our figures
are all taken from Mexican examples. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCVIII.
fig. 47.

PERIMELES, gen. nov.

The single species we place here, Hesperia remus, Fabr., a widely distributed Tropical-
American insect, we had at first associated with Talides striga, Hiibn., but on closer
examination we find that the brand on the primaries of the male is of a different form
and the genitalia also in this sex are very dissimilar, hence we have been compelled to
treat them as generically distinct. Both insects have the underside of the wings very
peculiarly coloured. Perimeles has the brand shaped almost exactly as in Mucia
(except that the upper piece is much longer), from which it differs in having a longer

second median segment to the primaries and the male genitalia very dissimilar in
structure.

* Apaustus sulla, Méschl., from Colombia, the t

ype of which we have seen, is also probably synonymous
with C. tripunctus, H.-S.

PERIMELES. 543

The antenne are half the length of the costa and havea rather stout club, terminating
in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short and bluntly conical. The
primaries are somewhat pointed at the tip and have the costa arched at the base; the
cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique,
the upper one more than twice the length of the lower, the latter equal to the third
median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises near
the middle of the median nervure, the second not far from the lower angle of the cell.
The secondaries are slightly produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint
and strongly oblique. The body is moderately robust. The middle tibie are spined,
the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The femora and the hind tibie are clothed
with long hairs. The primaries of the male have a conspicuous, curved, oblique
interrupted brand formed of three portions: (1) a long curved streak extending from
the base of the second median branch to the first at some little distance from its point
of origin; (2) a short longitudinal one just below this; (3) a transverse piece running
forward from the submedian nervure at a little before the middle, this latter not being
always distinct.

1. Perimeles remus. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 1, 2, 3, ¢.)
Hesperia remus, Fabr. Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 434°.
Cobalus remus, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 273, t. 3. f. 3”.
Cobalus vopiscus, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. i. p. 83°.
Phlebodes justinoides, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 113%.

Alis fuscis, stigmate obscuriore, posticis regione costali preesertim ad basin pilis obscurioribus vestitis: subtus
fuscis, anticis macula magna ferruginea, subapicali utrinque albido ornato; posticis triente basali late
castaneo-fusco, extrorsum albo-marginato; palpis subtus pilis ochraceis, corpore quoque subtus albido.

@ mari similis,

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos and La Venta in Guerrero, Atoyac, Fortin, Teapa
(H. H. Smith), Coatepec, Paso de San Juan (coll. Schaus), Jalapa (Ff. D. G., M. Tru-
jillo, Hége), Cordova (Riimeli), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gawmer) :
GuatemMALA, Choctum, Chisoy Valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. &
0. &., Champion), Panima, Duefias (Champion); Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus.
Staudinger), San Pedro (Whitely); Nicaraaua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van
Patten +), Irazu, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Calobre (Arcé).—Sourn
America to Brazil.

A very common insect in Central America, easily recognizable by the colour of the
underside of the wings. It varies greatly in size. Dr. Butler’s type of P. justinoides,
which is now in our collection, is a female. We figure the underside of a male
example from Guatemala; also the fore wing, to show the position of the brand

(Tab. XCIX. fig. 2), and the genitalia, for which latter see Tab. XCIX. fig. 3.

4a2

544 RHOPALOCERA.

TIGASIS, gen. nov.

The Costa Rican insect placed here is allied to Mucia, Perimeles, and other branded
forms nearly related to Cobalus. It differs, however, from all these, not only in the
form of the brand in the male, but also in the structure of the genitalia, and the
species must at present be placed in a genus by itself. The wings and body are of a
uniform dark fuscous colour, as in so many other Tropical-American Pamphiline.

The antenne are more than half the length of the costa, and have a rather stout club,
terminating in a long crook. (The palpi are broken off, but the third joint is probably
short.) The primaries are moderately long, somewhat pointed at the tip, and slightly
arched on the costa at the base; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one about three times the length
of the lower ; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch arises
from a little before the middle of the median nervure, the second not far from the
lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly produced at the anal angle; the
discocellulars are faint. The body is robust. The hind tibie have two pairs of spurs.
The primaries of the male have a conspicuous, curved, oblique brand, extending from
the base of the second median branch to the middle of the submedian nervure, crossing
the first median branch far from its point of origin, and interrupted below it.

1. Tigasis zalates, sp.n. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 4, 5, 3.)

Alis fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate obscuriore: subtus dilutioribus et forsan rufescentioribus, anticis margine
interiore apicem versus pallidioribus.
@ ignota.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).
One specimen only has been received. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 5.

EUTYCHIDE, gen. nov.

We take as the type of this genus Hesperia physcella, Hew., and associate with
it several other Tropical-American species. It differs from Cobalus in having a very
conspicuous brand on the primaries in the male, this being divided into three separate
portions: (1) an elongate >-shaped piece at the junction of the second median segment
with the first median branch; (2) a longitudinal streak below it; (3) a similar streak
Just above the submedian nervure. In addition to Hesperia physcella, which is confined
to South America, Hutychide includes H. midia, Hew., H. achelous, Plitz, Pamphila
asema, Mab., Cobalus cingulicornis, H.-S., and others. Watson places H. physcella
under Cobalus, though he states that there are no secondary sexual characters on the
wings of the male.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate club

EUTYCHIDE. 545

terminating in a long crook. The palpi have the third joint very short and bluntly
conical, The primaries are moderately elongate and pointed at the tip in the male
(except in E. cingulicornis), blunter in the female; the cell is less than two-thirds the
length of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, the upper one about twice the
length of the lower, the latter slightly shorter than the third median segment ; the
lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises before the middle of
the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint and very oblique. The
middle tibia are conspicuously spined, and the hind tibiz have two pairs of spurs.
The body is robust. The primaries of the male have a conspicuous treble brand, as
described above, and the secondaries in this sex have long hairs on the upper edge of
the abdominal fold.

The genitalia of the males of the six species dissected show considerable divergence
in form, as may be seen by a reference to our Plate. In E. cingulicornis the antenne
are more elongate than in the other species we refer to the genus, and the primaries are
also blunter at the tip.

The brand is greatly developed in E. midia, E. ochus, E. lycortas, E. achelous, and
E. umber, moderately so in the other species; in EL. achelous the lower arm of the
upper >-shaped piece is very short.

a. Primaries with hyaline spots.

a'. Secondaries broadly white at the base beneath.

1. Eutychide cingulicornis. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 6-9, 3.)
Cobalus cingulicornis, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 82°.

Alis obscure fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis tribus in serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, secunda
maxima, puncto minuto subapicali, omnibus hyalinis ; posticis quoque punctis duobus minutis (interdum uno)
ultra cellulam albis: subtus fuscis, rufo lavatis, anticis costa usque cellule finem flavida, maculis ut supra,
angulum analem versus grisescentibus ; posticis triente basali griseo-albis, bitriente externo rufo-fuscis ;
antennis ad clave basin flavo annulatis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Guaremaua, Centra] Valleys, Yzabal (F. D. G. & O.S.); Nicaragua, Chontales

(Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui, Veraguas (Arcé).—SoutH AMERICA to

Brazil.

Our collection contains a long series of this well-marked species, including eight from
within our limits. Southern specimens differ slightly in having two small spots, instead
of one, near the apex of the primaries, and sometimes another in the cell, and in the
absence of the two minute spots on the secondaries above. We figure a male insect
from Yzabal; also the fore wing, to show the position of the brand (‘Tab. XCIX. fig. 8),
and the genitalia, for which latter see Tab. XCIX. fig. 9,

546 RHOPALOCERA.

6’. Secondaries dark at the base beneath.

2. Eutychide midia, (Tab. XCIX. figg. 10-13, ¢.)
Hesperia midia, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 83 (1877) ?.
Hesperia gura, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 41 ?.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore ; anticis maculis duabus ad cellule finem inter ramos medianos, exteriore minore,
interdum una quoque submediana, punctisque tribus in linea transversa (interdum una infra e08)
subapicalibus, posticis nonnunquam puncto minuto ultra cellulam (interdum absente), omnibus hyalinis:
subtus paulo rufescentioribus, posticis puncto (interdum duobus) ultra cellulam albido ; capite et corpore
virescentibus.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemana, San Gerénimo ( Champion) ;

Panama, Chiriqui ? (Fibde, in mus. Staudinger }).—VENEZUELA.

Hewitson described this species from a specimen from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection. We have seen ten examples altogether, all but one from Central America.
A male insect from Chiriqui is figured; also the fore wing, to show the great
development of the brand (Tab. XCIX. fig. 12), and the genitalia, for which latter see
Tab. XCIX. fig. 13.

3. Eutychide ochus, sp.n. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 14, 15, 16, ¢.)

E. midi persimilis, sed minor, anticis maculis discalibus quoque minoribus ; colore viridi minus obvio.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt).— AMazons.

Five specimens of this species have been seen by us, all males, three being from
within our limits. It is very like EZ. midia, but differs as noticed above. E. ochus
also closely resembles Rhinthon cynea, but may be separated from it by the form of the
brand on the primaries, and by the absence of the pale patch at the anal angle of
these wings beneath. The genitalia of the male are very similar to those of E. midia,
see Tab. XCIX. fig. 16. The insect figured is from Atoyac.

4. Hutychide orthos, sp. n. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 17, 18, 19, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis duabus ad cellule finem inter ramos medianos, exteriore minore,
albo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed purpureo tinctis, anticis area mediana nigrescente, ad angulum analem

striga albida, posticis immaculatis ; capite et corpore supra virescentibus ; abdomine subtus albo; palpis
fusco-griseis.

We possess three males of this species, all obtained from Dr. Staudinger. It is very
like £. ochus, but smaller, the brand on the primaries is much less developed (each
of the streaks being narrow), and the genitalia are differently formed. From small
examples of the same sex of Rhinthon cynea (Hew.) (= R. kasus, Moschl.) it may at
once be separated by the shape of the brand and by the absence of the pencil of hairs
beneath the median nervure towards the base. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. XCIX. fig. 19.

EUTYCHIDE. 547

5. Eutychide lycortas, sp.n. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 20, 21, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, una supra venam
submedianam, secunda maxima inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam, punctisque
tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, albo-hyalinis: subtus anticis maculis ut supra, sed infima permagna
et sordide alba, costa usque ad apicem castanea, illinc linea obliqua argentea, area mediana fusca, margine
externo pallidiore et griseo tincto; posticis costa late castanea, area ad cellule finem obscura, margine
externo pallidiore et squamis griseis vestitis, fascia indistincta ab apice ultra cellule finem transeunte

93 quiaue grisea, margine interiore purpureo tincto; palpis et abdomine subtus grisescentibus.

ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

A single male specimen only of this species has been received. The coloration of
the underside of the wings separates £. lycortas at once from E. ochus and E. orthos,
to which it is nearly allied.

6. Primaries immaculate.

6. Eutychide achelous.
Hesperia achelous, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 315’.

Alis nitente fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, anticis ad angulum analem et posticis margine interno
paulo pallidioribus; capite et thorace supra viridi tinctis.
@ nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui! (mus. Staudinger).—AMAZONS.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us three specimens from Panama for examination under the
name of Pamphila achelous, Plétz, two males and one female; the former belong here,
and the latter we refer to Metiscus atheas. We also have a male of the present
species from the Amazons. The brand is greatly developed, the streaks being very
narrowly separated, but the lower arm of the >-shaped upper piece is very short.
This character will separate E. achelous from most of the numerous similarly-coloured

American forms.

7. Hutychide umber.
Cobalus umber, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. i. p. 83°.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus dilutioribus; anticis margine interno ad angulum analem et
macula parva ultra cellulam albidis, apice, costa et posticis (nisi margine interno) rufo tinctis; capite

et thorace supra pilis viridibus vestitis.
@ nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger),

There is a single male example of this insect in Dr. Staudinger’s collection. It is
one of three forms he has sent us under the name of Pamphila umber, H.-S., and the
specific name can be provisionally used for the present species. £. umber is exactly
like Mnasinous patage in general facies and coloration, but differs from it in having a
greatly developed brand, the insect in this respect agreeing with the species placed by

548 RHOPALOCERA.

us under Lutychide. The several portions of the brand are all very long and stout, the
upper >-shaped piece having the two arms about equal in length, the insect differing
in this respect from E. achelous, in which the lower arm is very short.

8. Eutychide asema. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 22, 23, 3.)
Pamphila asema, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. clxxi?.

Alis murinis, stigmate concolore : subtus pallidioribus, posticis squamis paucis dispersis albidis et ultra cellulam
maculis tribus nigris; palpis obscure griseis.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger !),—British Gutman.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of this insect, which is separable from most of
the numerous allied forms by the shape of the brand on the primaries, and by the
scattered whitish scales on the secondaries beneath. M. Mabille does not mention
the small blackish spots on the underside of the secondaries in his description |.

The brand is less developed than in £. achelous, each of the longitudinal streaks
being narrow, and the two arms of the >-shaped piece are about equal in length.

We have two specimens of the same species from British Guiana, captured by
H. Whitely on the river Takutu; and there is a worn female from Paso de San Juan,
Mexico, in Mr. Schaus’s collection, that may belong here. For the genitalia of the
male, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 23.

9. Eutychide subsordidus.
Pamphila subsordida, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. clxix (?)*.

Q. Alis fuscis, immaculatis, squamis et pilis ochraceis sparsim vestitis, posticis regione costali obscurioribus :
subtus pallide fuscis; anticis dimidio costali et posticis totis squamis ochraceis ornatis; linea circum-
oculari et palpis subtus ochraceis,

Hab. Honpuras (mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of this species, which is now without a body.

Its true position cannot be ascertained in the absence of the male, but as it appears
to be very nearly allied to E. asema, we place it here for the present. The yellow line
round the eyes and the different coloration of the under surface of the wings separate
it from that species.

PHANIS, gen. nov.

We take Hesperia justinianus, Latr. (= Thracides aletes, Hiibn.), a common Tropical-
American insect, as the type of this genus. It is closely allied to Artines, the brand on
the primaries being very similarly shaped, except that it is more excised on the outer
edge (the form thus becoming >-shaped); but the third joint of the palpi is short and
stout, and the genitalia of the male are different in structure. From Eutychide the
form of the brand sufficiently distinguishes it; the genitalia, too, are very dissimilar.

PHANIS.—EUROTO. 049

Hesperia almoda, Hew., from Venezuela and Guiana, perhaps belongs here; but this
species has the genitalia more like those of Artines, while the latter has a longer and
more slender terminal joint to the palpi.

The antenne are rather more than half the length of the costa, and have an elongate
club, terminating in a long crook. ‘he third joint of the palpi is short and bluntly
conical. The primaries are moderately elongate, rounded on the costa, and blunt at the
tip; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
are oblique, the upper one twice as long as the lower, the latter being of the same
length as the third median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the
first branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second not far from
the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the
discocellulars are transverse and very faint. The body is moderately stout. The middle
tibie are spined, the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male
have a single, stout, inconspicuous, ‘>-shaped brand, the long upper portion extending
beneath the second median segment, the lower one along the first median branch.

1. Phanis justinianus. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 24-27, ¢.)
Hesperia justinianus, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 760’.
Thracides aletes, Geyer, in Hiibner’s Zutr. ex. Schmett. iv. p. 31, ff. 731, 7827.

Alis obscure fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis maculis tribus in serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, secunda
maxima, punctis duobus aut tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus hyalinis: subtus fuscis,
anticis angulum analem versus pallidioribus, maculis ut supra; posticis area discali ochracea maculis obscuris
marginata, anticis ad apicem et posticis plus minusve schistaceo lavatis; autennis ad clave basin flavo
annulatis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith), Coatepec

(coll. Schaus); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers). — Sourn

AMERICA to Brazil ! 2,

At first sight, P. justenianus is very like Eutychide cingulicornis, but the two species
differ widely beneath, as already described ; the genitalia and brand of the males, too,
are quite different in form. Mr. Smith has sent usa long series of this insect from
Atoyac. Some of our Central-American specimens vary a good deal in the amount of
the buff colour on the disc of the secondaries beneath. The primaries occasionally have
a single subapical spot only on the upperside. We figure a male insect from Atoyac,
also the tore wing, to show the position of the brand (Tab. XCIX. fig. 26), and the
genitalia, for which latter see Tab. XCIX. fig. 27.

EUROTO, gen. nov.

The species we refer to this genus are nearly allied to Lutychide, but the form of
the brand on the primaries in the male is different: the longitudinal streak above the
submedian nervure is absent, and the piece between the second median segment and

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1900. 4B

550 RHOPALOCERA.

the first median branch has lost the lower arm of the >. We take Pamphila compta,
Butl., as the type, and associate with it some other Tropical-American species described
below. £. compta, E. micythus, E. chlorocephala, and E. lyde agree fairly well inter se;
but E. eagrus differs in the structure of the genitalia, as well as in general coloration, &c.,
and it may have ultimately to be removed. uroto differs from Morys, not only in the
form of the brand, but in the much longer second median segment of the primaries
also.

The antenne are rather more than half the length of the costa (longer in £. chloro-
cephala), and have an elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi have the
third joint very short and bluntly conical. The primaries are somewhat pointed at
the tip; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
are oblique, the lower one is short and of the same length as the third median segment ;
the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises before the middle
of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are very feebly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. ‘The middle
tibiee are spined, the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The body is stout. The
primaries of the male have a conspicuous double brand: (1) a piece extending along
the whole length of the second median segment, and filling the angle between this
and the first median branch; (2) a short longitudinal streak below this.

a. Primaries with small, clearly defined, hyaline spots.

1. Euroto compta. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 28-31, ¢ .)
Pamphila compta, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 152°.
Pamphila geisa, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 216 (¢)?.

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigrescente, anticis maculis tribus parvis infra et ultra cellulam, una’ maxima et
subquadrata inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, secunda ultra eam minore, tertia subapicali
minima, albo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis litura (interdum valde indistincta) sub-
mediana angulum analem versus ochracea ; posticis macula ad cellule finem, aliisque sex in serie curvata
margini externo propioribus, ochraceis; venis coloris ejusdem ornatis; palpis et corpore subtus griseis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ridbe, in mus. Staudinger).— CotomBia2; Guiana; Amazons};

BraZi.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of Pamphila geisa, Méschl., from Colombia, as
well as a second specimen from Chiriqui, both males, and these do not differ from
P. compta, Butl., from the Amazons; we also have examples of the same species
from Guiana and Brazil*. . compta is very like Morys valerius (Méschl.), from

* We have several specimens in our collection of a closely allied unnamed insect from Pars, these differing
from #. compta in having the harpes of the male broad]y truncate at the apex. Cobalus tripunctus, H.-S.
(=Pamphila ancus, Méschl., and probably Apaustus sulla, Méschl., also), is another very similar form, but, if
rightly identified by us, it is without a brand in the male,

EUROTO. 551

which it may be known by the differently shaped brand on the primaries, the second
median segment of these wings being also much longer; the present insect, moreover,
has the nervures on the underside of the secondaries paler, and there is an additional
ochreous spot at the end of the cell.

For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 31.

6. Primaries immaculate, or with very minute hyaline spots.

2. Kuroto lyde, sp.n. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 32, 33, 2.)

Alis obscure fuscis, stigmate nigrescente, anticis punctis minutissimis quatuor, uno inter ramos medianos
secundum et tertium, et tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa (interdum absentibus), albis:
subtus fuscis, anticis margine interno et externo pallidioribus, punctis ut supra; posticis ultra cellulam
indistincte schistaceo transfasciatis, maculis quibusdam area discali coloris ejusdem ; palpis subtus pilis
griseis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Teapa (H. H. Smith), Paso de San

Juan (coll. Schaus); GuaTeMALA, Pacific coast (F. D. G. & O. S.), Zapote (Champion) ;

Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

This is a very common species in Eastern Mexico, whence a large series, including
both sexes, has been sent us by Mr. H. H. Smith. There is a slight variation in
the number of the minute spots on the primaries, and in a few specimens they are
altogether wanting. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 33; they
are very like those of £. compta.

3. Buroto micythus, sp. n. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 34, 35, ¢ -)

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis puncto minutissimo ultra cellulam, tribus subapicalibus in linea
transversa, albo-hyalinis, omnibus interdum absentibus: subtus ut supra, anticis costa et apice posticisque
(nisi margine interno) rufo tinctis, anticis area mediana nigrescente, ad angulum analem pallidioribus ;
posticis maculis indistinctis discalibus in serie curvata, una quoque ad cellule finem, sordide ochraceis ;
palpis subtus pilis flavis et fuscis intermixtis.

mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Acaguizotla and Rincon in Guerrero, Teapa in Tabasco (4. H. Smith) ;

Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

Of this species we have six males and two females before us, all but one of them

being from Mexico. . .
It is very like E. lyde, but differs from it in the coloration of the underside of the

secondaries, as well as in the form of the genitalia of the male (three of which we have

dissected) ; for the latter, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 35.

4, Euroto chlorocephala, sp. n. (Tab. XCIX. fig. 36, ¢ .)
Alis fuscis, stigmate magna nigrescente: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis punctis variis indistinctis,
duobus inter ramos medianos, uno in regione costali, altero subapicali, albidis; posticis punctis quinque

4B2

552 RHOPALOCERA.

in serie curvata discalibus et uno ad cellule finem coloris ejusdem; capite, thorace et palpis subtus pilis
nitenti-viridibus vestitis ; oculis permagnis.
@ ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

We are again indebted to Dr. Staudinger for the loan of two male examples of this
very distinct species. It is easily distinguishable from its allies by the vivid-green
hairs on the head and thorax, the large eyes, the pointed primaries, which have a large
black brand, and by the very long antennez. It may prove to be not really congeneric
with £. compta.

c. Primaries with large flavo-hyaline spots.

5. Kuroto wagrus, sp.n. (Tab. XCIX. fige. 37, 38, 39,6.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis duabus magnis ramo mediano secundo separatis, tertia elongata
apicem propiore minore, flavo-hyalinis, area costali et supra venam submedianam areaque interna
posticarum squamis aureis ornatis: subtus ut supra, sed anticis costa et apice areaque tota posticarum
squamis aureis vestitis; palpis subtus et corpore pilis flavis intermixtis ; ciliis externe ochraceis,

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers).

Our collection contains two males and two females of this species, which may easily be
distinguished amongst its allies by the very large flavo-hyaline spots on the primaries.
For the genitalia, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 39.

PHLEBODES.
Phlebodes, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 107 (1816) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 110.

Watson included a single species only, Papilio pertinax, Cram., under this genus; but
the insect thus identified by him is really Apaustus tiderius, Moschl., which does not
at all agree with Cramer’s figure. As we have not been able to determine P. pertinax
with certainty, we cannot say whether that insect answers to Watson’s definition of
Phlebodes or not ; hence we are compelled to take A. tiberius as the type of the present
genus, and to adopt Hiibner’s name provisionally for it. Pamphila meton, Mab., and
some ailied unnamed species from South America in our collection probably belong
here ; these have a conspicuous, oblique, sinuous, interrupted greyish brand, bordered
above and within by patches of velvety-black scales.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. ‘he palpi have the third joint very short and bluntly
conical. The primaries are somewhat pointed at the tip; the costa is slightly arched
throughout; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are oblique, the upper one twice the length of the lower, the latter slightly
shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base ;
the first branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second close to

PHLEBODES.—LEREMA. 553

the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal angle; the
discocellulars are faint. The body is moderately robust. The middle tibie are
furnished with very long spines; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. ‘The brand
on the primaries of the male extends from the base of the second median branch
almost to the middle of the submedian nervure, and it is interrupted towards its
lower end.

The genitalia of the males of P. tiberius, of which we have dissected specimens from
Mexico, Guatemala, and Guiana, are very remarkably formed, the harpes terminating
in a very long hook.

1. Phlebodes tiberius. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 40-43, 3.)
Apaustus tiberius, Méschi. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 329°.
Phlebodes pertinax, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 110 (nec Cramer) ”.

Alis obscure fuscis, stigmate grisescente, supra et ad marginem internum ejus nigrescente, anticis maculis
quatuor in serie curvata obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, ea ad apicem minuta (interdum absente), punctis
tribus minutissimis subapicalibus in linea transversa, ochraceis: subtus pallidioribus, anticis costa et apice
obscure ochraceis, maculis pagine superioris indistincte indicatis, ea ad venam submedianam obsoleta;
posticis area marginis costalis late et linea transversa maculosa ultra cellulam flavescentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Panima in Vera Paz (Champion),
Polochic Valley (fF. D. G. & O. S.); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—CoLoMBIa ;
Guianal.

Of this species we have seen ten examples, all males, six of them being from our
region. Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of Apaustus tiberius for examination. In
the male of this insect the secondaries are clothed with very long hairs along the inner
edge of the abdominal fold. For the genitalia, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 43.

LEREMA.
Lerema, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 82 (1872) ; Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 118.

To this genus we assign Papilio accius, Smith & Abbot, which is taken as the type
by both Scudder and Watson, Pamphila bipunctata, Mab., and a new species described
below. Hesperia hianna, Scudd., is also included in Lerema by Watson, but we have
placed it with others under a separate genus, Atrytonopsis.

The antenne are less than half the length of the costa, and have a moderately stout
club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi have the third joint short, stout, and
bluntly conical. The primaries are somewhat pointed at the apex in the males, blunter
in the females; the cell is considerably less than two-thirds the length of the costa;
the discocellulars are moderately oblique, the lower one being a little shorter than the
upper; the lower radial is slightly depressed at the base; the first branch arises from

554 RHOPALOCERA.

about the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the cell.
The secondaries are feebly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint, except
at their points of origin. The body is robust. The middle tibiz are conspicuously
spined, the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a
stout, oblique, sinuous, interrupted brand extending from the base of the second median
branch to near the submedian nervure.

Lerema is confined to America, the type species having a very wide distribution, the
other two being purely tropical. The portion of the brand below the first median
branch in each species is broken into two.

1. Lerema accius. (Tab. XCIX. fig. 44, ¢.)

Papilio accius, Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins. Georgia, i. p. 45, t. 23 (g 2)".

Lerema accius, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 827; Butt. E. U.S. & Canada, ii. p. 1768,
t. 17. ff. 3,7 (¢ 2)°; Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 118%.

Hesperia monoco, Scudd. Proc. Ess. Inst. iii. p. 178°.

Hesperia punctella, Grote & Robins. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. i. p. 1°.

Hesperia nortonii, Kdw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. i. p. 2877.

9. Telemiades ceramina, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 69°.

&. Goniloba parumpunctata, Herr.-Schaff. loc. cit. p. 76°.

Lerema pattenii, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 82 °°.

Alis nitente fuscis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis macula parva inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium,
tribusque in linea transversa subapicalibus, albidis: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis margine
interno angulum analem versus late, et margine externo, dilutioribus ; posticis grisescentioribus, margine
costali usque ad apicem et fasciis duabus (una transversa ultra cellulam, altera submarginali), haud ad
marginem internum extendentibus, rufo-fuscis; corpore et palpis subtus canescentibus.

mari similis, sed anticis maculis duabus discalibus, inferiore majore.

Hab. Nortn America, Eastern United States?.—Mexico, Saltillo in Coahuila and
San Luis Potosi (Scudder), Durango city (Becker), Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer),
Lake Chapala (Aichardson), Acapulco, Tepetlapa, Rincon, Amula, Venta de Zopilote,
La Venta, Acaguizotla, Hacienda de la Imagen, and Rio Papagaio, all in Guerrero,
Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Atlixco (Ff. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer); GuaTemaLa!, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), San Gerénimo
(Champion): Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Costa Rica, Irazu, Caché, San Francisco
(Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Aibbe), Panama city (J. J. Walker).—Sovuta America
to Brazil.

This species was originally described by Smith and Abbot, who figured both sexes,
in their work on the ‘ Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia.’ It is a common insect in
Mexico, and extends as far south as Brazil. On a careful examination of our very
large series of specimens we find a considerable amount of variation, both in the
number of spots on the primaries, especially in the males, and also in the marking
of the underside. Smith and Abbot’s figures represent a very light-coloured and

LEREMA. 5d0

spotted insect, and we have examples matching these, as well as males with no spots
at all, or with the subapical ones only just visible (Z. pattenii); the latter are usually
paler and more uniformly coloured beneath, and between the two extremes we have
many intermediates. ‘The immaculate examples, which are all males, are from Yucatan,
Ruatan I., Chiriqui, Panama city, Venezuela, and Brazil.

We have seen the types of T. ceramina® and G. parumpunctata 9 of Herrich-Schiiffer,
and also that of L. pattenii!° of Scudder. All our females have the primaries more
distinctly spotted than the males.

We have dissected two males—one from Georgia and one from Atoyac, our figure
of the genitalia being taken from the latter, see Tab. XCIX. fig. 44.

2. Lerema bipunctata. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 45, 46, 47, 3.)
Pamphila bipunctata, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 174, f. 3°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis punctis duobus aut tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa, eo ad costam
proximo parum elongato, albo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, anticis marginem internum versus pallidioribus,
margine externo ad apicem squamis griseis notatis; posticis dimidio interno et fascia ultra cellulam
transeunte squamis ferrugineis vestitis, aliter griseo notatis; palpis subtus et corpore pilis griseis ornatis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Guatemaa (Conradt, in mus. Staudinger), Duetias (Champion), Chisoy Valley

(F. D. G. & O. S.); Costa Rica, San Francisco, Caché, Rio Sucio, Irazu (Kogers) ;

Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger).—VENEZUELA, Merida (coll. Schaus).

L. bipunctata is represented in our collection by a fair series of specimens from
Guatemala, Costa Rica, and’ Panama. Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of
P. bipunctata, and has also sent us a male under the name of P. asedla, Herrich-
Schaffer. We hesitate, however, to adopt this latter name for our insect, as the
description is exceedingly brief, and the locality whence it was derived is not
mentioned.

This species is very closely allied to Z. accius, but differs in being smaller, this being
especially noticeable in the females; the subapical spots on the primaries are more
elongate towards the costa, the lower one seldom visible in the male on the upperside,
the underside, too, of both wings is darker and more irrorated. A male from Duefias
is figured; also the fore wing, to show the brand (Tab. XCIX. fig. 46), and the
genitalia, for which latter see Tab. XCIX. fig. 47.

8. Lerema peneia, sp. n. (Tab. XCIX. figg. 48, 49, ¢ .)

Alis nitente fuscis, stigmate nigrescente, anticis maculis duabus ultra eum inter ramos medianos, et duabus
minutis indistinctis subapicalibus in linea transversa, ochreis: subtus pallidioribus, anticis maculis ut supra,
sed magis distinctis et albescentibus, area mediana obscuriore, angulum analem versus late grisescentioribus,
margine costali et apice late, posticisgue omnino squamis ochraceis dense vestitis, his fascia curvata
indistincta ultra cellulam pallida; corpore subtus canescente.

@ ignota.

Hab, Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger).

506 RHOPALOCERA.

Our description of this species is taken from a male in our possession, sent us
by Dr. Staudinger under the name of Pamphila actor, Mabille. It differs, however,
from the P. actor=P. vala, Mab., referred by us to the genus Prenes, in having a
conspicuous brand on the primaries, and the spots are not hyaline. L. peneia closely
resembles L. accius, but may be known from it by the primaries having two faint
ochreous spots beyond the brand between the first and second and the second and
third median branches respectively, and the brand itself is also narrower. From
Cherephon citrus (Mab.) the present species may be distinguished by its larger
size, the moderately long crook to the antenne, the much more uniformly coloured
underside, &c.

MOERIS, gen. nov.

The two small species we refer to this genus, of which we take Talides striga,
Hibn., as the type, are nearly allied to Lerema, having a very similarly shaped brand
in the males; but the genitalia in this sex are very different in form, and the primaries,
at least in M. striga, are somewhat truncated at the tip.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate club,
terminating in a moderately long crook. ‘The palpi have the third joint short, erect,
and bluntly conical. The primaries are somewhat truncated at the apex and have the
costa slightly arched at the base; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one twice the length of the lower,
the latter the same length as the third median segment; the lower radial is depressed
at the base; the first branch arises from about the middle of the median nervure, the
second from close to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed
at the anal angle ; the discocellulars are faint. The body is moderately robust. The
middle tibize are conspicuously spined, the hind tibiae have two pairs of spurs.
The primaries have a conspicuous velvety-black, eblique, sinuous, interrupted brand, —
extending from the base of the second median branch tv a little above the middle of
the submedian nervure. The genitalia of the males have the harpes terminating in
two acuminate widely separated pvints.

1. Meris striga. (Tab. C. figg. 1, 2, ¢.)
Talides striga, Geyer, in Hiibner’s Zutr. ex Schmett. iv. p. 82, tf. 739, 740°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate nigrescente, anticis coste dimidio basali squamis ochraceis vestitis: subtus dilutioribus,
anticis costa et apice late ochraceis castaneo notatis ; posticis (nisi ad marginem internum) quoque castaneo
marmoratis, margine costali apicem versus ochraceo notato ; palpis subtus pilis flavis tectis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Jalapa, Coatepec (coll. Schaus) ;
GuatemaLa, San Gerénimo (Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica,
Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger), Bugaba (Champion).—Sovutu
AmeERica to the Argentine Republic.

MCERIS.—METRON. 557

We have seen upwards of a dozen specimens of this well-marked species from
within our limits, agreeing accurately with the figures in Hiibner’s work. In one of
the Chiriqui insects we notice three small subapical ochreous spots on the costal
margin near the apex, another in the cell, and three forming a faint oblique row
beyond the brand. We figure the fore wing of a male, to show the brand (Tab. C. fig. 1),
also the genitalia, for which latter, see Tab. C. fig. 2.

2. Meris hyagnis, sp. n. (Tab. C. fig. 3, 3.)
Alis fuscis, stigmate nigrescente: subtus ut supra, sed anticis angulum analem versus paulo pallidioribus,

puncto minuto subapicali, posticis quoque alio ad cellule finem, albidis; corpore subtus coloris
ejusdem.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Our description is taken from a single worn male, and we have two females from the
same locality which may possibly belong to this species; these latter have the outer
margins of the wings greyish beneath, otherwise they resemble the other sex. It is
very like Mnasicles hicetaon, but has a broader brand on the primaries and a shorter
and stouter terminal joint to the palpi. The very different coloration of the underside
distinguishes it at once from M. striga. For the genitalia of the male, see ‘Tab. C.
fig. 3.

METRON, gen. nov.

The single small species referred to this genus, Pamphila chrysogastra, Butl. (=P. fas-
ciata, Moschl., and Hesperia goza, Hew.), a widely distributed ‘Tropical-American
insect, is an isolated form, differing from most of its allies in the neuration of the
wings, and in the shape of the brand on the primaries of the male. ‘The coloration 1s
also peculiar, the secondaries having a broad white fascia beneath, one other species
only, amongst the Central-American Pamphiline, Metrocles leucogaster, coming very
near to it in this respect.

The antenne are half the length of the costa, and have a stout club, terminating in
along crook. The palpi are densely clothed with scales; the third joint is stout,
short, and bluntly conical. ‘The primaries are produced at the tip, comparatively short,
the costa very slightly arched towards the base; the cell is less than two-thirds the
length of the costa; the upper discocellular is long and strongly oblique, the lower one
extremely short, the latter barely one-third the length of the third median segment ;
the lower radial is greatly depressed at the base ; the first branch arises from consider-
ably before the middle of the median nervure, the second not far from the lower angle
of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are
very faint, the lower one very long and strongly oblique. ‘The body is robust. The
middle tibize are furnished with long spines, and the hind tibiz have two pairs of

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., December 1900. 4¢

508 RHOPALOCERA.

spurs. The primaries of the male have an inconspicuous treble brand: (1) an elongate
streak extending along the whole length of the second median segment, and widened
towards the base, so as to fill the angle between it and the origin of the first median
branch ; (2) a short longitudinal streak just below this; (3) a still shorter piece in
front of the submedian nervure before the middle. The general shape of the wings is
like that of the species of Cobalus; the body is comparatively robust ; the genitalia of
the male are very peculiarly formed.

1. Metron chrysogaster. (Tab. C. figg. 4-7, 2.)
Pamphila chrysogastra, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 506°.
9. Pamphila fasciata, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 335, t. 4. £. 19°.
Hesperia goza, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 78 (1877) °.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis costa aurea, punctis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus (interdum
obsoletis), maculis tribus in linea obliqua, ea in medio elongata, flavidis ; posticis area discali indistincte
flavo notata: subtus anticis pallidioribus, maculis pagine superioris albescentioribus et majoribus, regione
costali, et apice late, flavo-olivaceo tinctis; posticis fascia lata recta a margine costali per cellule finem
eunte, marginem internum versus interrupta, albida, striga marginem internum versus, ad angulum analem
latiore, fusca, aliter olivaceis ; palpis, clava antennarum et abdomine subtus ochraceis; tibiis tarsisque
coloris ejusdem.

mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith); Panama,

Chiriqui (fzbbe), Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomBia!; VENEZUELA! 3;

Guiana”; Amazons ; ‘TRINIDAD.

This pretty little species has a wide range, extending from Mexico to the Amazon
region, It is very easily recognized by the broad whitish band on the secondaries
beneath, and by the form of the brand on the primaries.

We have seen sixteen examples, ten of which are from within our limits. We
figure a male specimen from Bugaba; also the fore wing, to show the position of the
brand (Tab. C. fig. 6), and the genitalia, for which latter, see Tab. C. fig. 7.

METROCLES, gen. nov.

The single species from Central America placed here is extremely like Metron
chrysogaster in general coloration, but differs from it in having a conspicuous and very
dissimilarly shaped brand on the primaries in the male, as well as in the neuration and
other particulars. Unfortunately, one specimen only has been seen, and that not our
own, so we are unable to figure the genitalia and other points of structure.

The antenne are rather more than half the length of the costa, and have a stout
club, terminating in a long crook. (The palpi are broken off.) The primaries are
moderately produced, somewhat blunt at the tip, and arched on the costa towards the
base; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
oblique, the upper one more than twice the length of the lower; the third median

METROCLES.—PAPIAS. 559

segment is very short; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises
from about the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle
of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are
very faint. The body is robust. ‘The middle tibie are without spines; the hind tibie
have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a conspicuous, rather broad,
curved, oblique, interrupted brand extending from the base of the second median
branch to about the middle of the submedian nervure.

1. Metrocles leucogaster, sp. n. (Tab. C. figg. 8, 9, 3.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate paulo obscuriore, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, infima
inter ramos medianos primum et secundum maxima, tertia fere obsoleta, omnibus hyalinis ; posticiy area
discali albescente, pilis quibusdam basin versus flavo-viridibus: subtus rubescentioribus, anticis maculis
ut supra, sed majoribus, plaga supra venam submedianam alba; posticis fascia recta a costa per cellulam
transeunte (marginem internum versus interrupta) alba, ochraceo marginata; cillis ad angulum analem
posticarum albidis; palpis subtus ochraceis; abdomine subtus albo, ochraceo-marginato.

2 ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

We have seen only a single male specimen of this species from Dr. Staudinger’s
collection. MW. leucogaster resembles Metron chrysogaster, and, like it, has a broad
white transverse band on the secondaries beneath ; but the spots on the upperside of
the primaries are white, and the brand is very differently shaped, the insect approaching
Lerema and Meris in this respect.

PAPIAS, gen. nov.

We take as the type of this genus Hesperia infuscata, Plotz (= Pamphila integra,
Mab.), and associate with it three other species from our region. They are all of a
uniform fuscous colour. Except in the form of the genitalia of the males, they scarcely
differ from Cobalus, in this respect approaching much more nearly to Lerema, the
last-mentioned genus, however, has a conspicuous brand in the males.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa and have an elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is very short and bluntly
conical. The primaries are somewhat produced at the apex, and have the costa
slightly arched at the base; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa;
the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one nearly twice as long as the lower, the
latter being about the same length as the third median segment; the lower radial is
depressed at the base ; the first branch arises slightly before the middle of the median
nervure, the second at some little distance before the lower angle of the cell. The
secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. The
body is moderately robust. The middle tibiz are spined and the hind tibie have two
pairs of spurs. The primaries (Tab. C. fig. 10) are without trace of a brand in the male.

4¢02

560 RHOPALOCERA.

The species are so much alike that they can only be separated for certain by the
structure of the genitalia of the males; four specimens of each have been dissected.

1. Papias infuscatus. (Tab. C. figg. 10, 11, ¢.)
Hesperia infuscata, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 815°.
Carystus infuscatus, Moéschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 325 °.
Pamphila integra, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. clxix *.

Alis fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis area mediana a basi obscurioribus, ad angulum
analem pallidioribus ; palpis subtus pilis flavis et fuscis intermixtis vestitis.
mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa, Misantla (F. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), Las Nubes (0. S.),
Panima, San Gerdnimo (Champion); Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger) >;
Costa Rica, Caché (fogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—Co Loma ;
VENEZUELA?; Amazons; Braziu!,

We are indebted to Dr. Staudinger for the loan of a male specimen identified by
Méschler as Hesperia infuscata, Plotz. It is the commonest of several extremely
closely allied Central-American species, the males of which are without a brand on the
primaries. In this sex the fore wings are more pointed than in many of its congeners.
Dr. Staudinger has also sent us specimens of the same species under the names of
Cobalus umber of Herrich-Schaffer and Pamphila integra of Mabille.

We have dissected four males, including one from Para, and they show no difference
in the form of their genitalia, for which see Tab. C. fig. 11.

2. Papias dictys, sp. n. (Tab. C. figg. 12, 13, ¢.)

Alis brunneo-fuscis, puncto minutissimo indistincto subapicali albido (interdum obsoleto): subtus rufescenti-
oribus, anticis angulum analem versus pallidioribus, area mediana obscuriore, posticis punctis tribus fere
obsoletis in area discali quoque albidis ; palpis subtus pilis flavis et fuscis intermixtis vestitis.

@ mari similis, sed punctis subtus magis distinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa, Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata,
Chisoy Valley (/. D. G. & O. S.), Panima and San Gerdénimo in Vera Paz, Zapote
(Champion); Costa Rica, Caché (fogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

Very like P. infuscatus, but smaller and much redder beneath, and usually with a
minute whitish subapical spot on the primaries, the primaries less pointed at the tip
in the male. The genitalia in this sex are also differently formed, as will be seen by a
reference to our Plate.

We have dissected four males from different localities, and these show no differences
whatever in their structure, see Tab. C. fig. 13.

Our series contains twelve specimens, half of which are from San Gerénimo.
Dr. Staudinger has also sent us two examples from Chiriqui for examination.

PAPIAS.—MNASINOUS. 561

3. Papias microsema, sp. n. (Tab. C. figg. 14, 15, 3.)

Alis fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus pallidioribus et rufescentioribus, anticis angulum analem versus dilutioribus,
punctis duobus, uno inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, altero ultra id, uno quoque subapicali,
posticis quatuor in serie curvata ultra cellulam (omnibus frequenter absentibus), albidis; palpis subtus
pilis ochraceis et fuscis intermixtis vestitis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers) ; Panama, Chiriqui

(mus. Staudinger).—Brazit, Chapada.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us three specimens of this insect for examination, two under
the name of Pamphila microsema, Mabille, and one under that of P. phewomelas,
Hubner, and we possess others from Mexico, Costa Rica, and Brazil, apparently
agreeing with them.

We cannot find that Mabille’s name has been published, and the identification of
Hiibner’s species is very doubtful.

P. microsema is exceedingly like P. phainis, but has differently formed genitalia in
the males. The spots on the underside of the wings are quite distinct in two of the
three specimens seen from Chiriqui, which we are unable, unfortunately, to dissect ;
they are absent or barely indicated in the others. We have dissected several examples
from Teapa and Chapada, and we find they agree perfectly, see Tab. C. fig. 15. A
Chiriqui specimen of the insect is also figured.

4, Papias phainis, sp. n. (Tab. C. fig. 16, ¢.)
Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus ut supra, sed rubescentioribus, anticis angulum analem versus pallidi-
oribus; palpis pilis fuscis et aureis intermixtis vestitis ; ciliis fuscis.
2 mari similis.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Misantla (Ff. D. G.); Guaremata, San
Gerénimo (Champion) ; Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

We have about a dozen examples of this species, which can only be separated from
the immaculate form of P. microsema by the structure of the genitalia of the male (see
Tab. C. fig. 16). P. phainis is also extremely like Pamphila simplicissima, H.-S.,
which is here referred to a different genus, but may be distinguished from that insect
by the stouter terminal joint to the palpi and by its larger size.

MNASINOUS, gen. nov.

The single species from Central America that we refer to this genus is of a uniform
nigro-fuscous colour, like those of Papias, Methion, Methionopsis, and other 'Tropical-
American genera of Pamphiline. It appears to be an isolated form, differing in its
male-characters from all its allies. ‘The brand is not unlike that of certain species of
Eutychide (E. asema), but the lower arm of the >-piece is absent, and the upper arm
is much more elongate.

562 RHOPALOCERA.

The antenne are more than half the length of the costa, and have an elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. (The palpi are missing.) ‘The primaries are moderately
elongate, blunt at the tip, and arched on the costa towards the base; the cell is a little
less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique,
the upper one more than twice the length of the lower, the latter equal to the third
median segment; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch
arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the
cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are
long and faint. The body is rather slender. The middle tibize are without spines;
the hind tibiz have two pairs of spines. The primaries of the male (Tab. C. fig. 18)
have an inconspicuous treble brand, which is hidden by the coarser scales: (1) a very
slender streak extending along the whole length of the second median segment to its
base, and there filling the angle between it.and the first median branch ; (2) a short
longitudinal streak just below this; (3) a longer one above the submedian nervure
towards the base.

The genitalia of the male are not unlike those of some of the species of the genus
Rhinthon (R. megalops), in which genus the primaries have the brand formed of a
single streak along the upper edge of the submedian nervure. .

1. Mnasinous patage, sp. n. (Tab. C. figg. 17, 18,19, ¢ .)
Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus dilutioribus, anticis margine interno ad angulum analem
pallidiore, costa, apice et posticis (nisi margine interno) obscure rufo tinctis.
mari similis, sed pallidiore.

Hab. Muxico, Orizaba (F. D. G. & H. J. Elwes); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

Mr. Elwes and myself captured a pair of this insect at Orizaba, and there is a male
of it from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection. The form of the brand is exactly
similar in the two males, this character separating MW. patage at once from the species
here referred to Eutychide umber (H.-S.). For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. C.
fig. 19.

METISCUS, gen. nov.

The Tropical-American species referred to this genus is one of the numerous forms
allied to Cobalus, but differs from it in having the primaries conspicuously branded in
the male, this brand again being peculiar in shape and position. The genitalia in this
sex are also very different from those of any of the allied insects known to us. In the
uniform fuscous coloration of the wings, M. atheas does not differ from many other
American Pamphiline. The brand is not unlike that of the species of Lerema, except
that the lower piece is absent. .

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is very short and almost

METISCUS.—METHION. 563

concealed, The primaries are elongate, blunt at the tip, and arched on the costa at
the base; the cell is nearly two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
strongly oblique, the upper one about twice as long as the lower, the latter equal to
the third median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch
arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second shortly before the lower
angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the disco-
cellulars are faint. The body is moderately stout. The middle tibie are spined, and
the hind tibize have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male (Tab. C. fig. 20)
have a conspicuous, oblique, curved brand, extending from the base of the second
median branch to the first at some distance from its origin, beneath which is a short
oblique piece.

1. Metiscus atheas, sp.n. (Tab. C. figg. 20, 21, ¢.)
Alis fuscis, unicoloribus, anticis stigmate angusto curvato coloris ejusdem: subtus ut supra, sed anticis ad
angulum analem pallidioribus, ciliis externe griseis.
? mari similis.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Coban (Champion); Costa Rica,
Caché (fogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—AmMazons ; ‘TRINIDAD.

Of this species we have several examples of both sexes from Teapa, and a male from
Trinidad, and Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male of it from S. Paulo, on the Amazons ;
all those from Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama are females, so that their determi-
nation is not quite certain. We had at first identified it as Hesperia immaculata,
Hew., but on examining the specimens so labelled in the Hewitson collection in the
British Museum we find that the males have a differently shaped brand.

We also possess a female, from the Kaden collection, labelled Cele@norhinus
pheomelas, Hiibn., but this identification is very doubtful, our insect being much
larger. ‘The females are so like those of Papias infuscatus that they are scarcely
distinguishable, except perhaps by their having a shorter and less conspicuous terminal
joint to the palpi. Our descriptions and dissections have been made from a ‘Teapa
specimen. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. C. fig. 21.

METHION, gen. nov.

The Central-American species placed by us in this genus agrees very nearly with
Methionopsis in the neuration of the primaries, and it is of a similar uniform nigro-
fuscous colour above ; but the terminal joint of the palpi is very short, the primaries
are without trace of a brand in the male, and the genitalia in this sex are very peculiar
in structure, the tegumen being formed by a single long slender piece. ©. melas is
not unlike Achlyodes calavius, G. & S.*, of the group Hesperiinz, but may be known

* This species (anted, p. 395) was doubtfully referred by us to Achlyodvs ; we have since seeu a specimen

of it from Costa Rica in Dr. Staudinger’s collection.

ina

564 RHOPALOCERA.

from it by the oblique (not transverse) discocellulars of both wings, the slightly
depressed lower radial nervure of the primaries, &c. The males have a fringe of long
hairs along the upper edge of the abdominal fold of the secondaries.

The antenne are rather more than half the length of the costa, and have an
elongate club, terminating in a long crook, The third joint is very short and almost
concealed. The primaries (Tab. C. fig. 22) are moderately elongate, arched on the
costa, and blunt at the tip; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa;
the discocellulars are oblique, equal in length, the lower one being considerably longer
than the third median segment; the lower radial is very slightly depressed at the base ;
the first branch arises from about the middle of the median nervure, the second from a
little distance before the Jower angle of the cell. The secondaries ave rounded at the
anal angle; the discocellulars are oblique, long, and very faint. The body is slender.
The middle tibiz are not spined, the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs.

1. Methion melas, sp. n. (Tab. C. figg. 22, 23, ¢.)

Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus rufescentioribus, anticis margine interno angulum analem versus
pallidiori ; palpis pilis aureis et fuscis intermixtis.
® mari similis.

Hab. Guatemala, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. 8S, Champion), San Gerénimo, Panima
(Champion).

Hight specimens of this species are before us. It perhaps most nearly resembles
Papias dictys, but the wings are darker above, and there is no trace of the minute
spots on either their upper or lower surface, and the hairs on the underside of the
palpi and body are darker; the genitalia of the male, too, are quite differently formed.
M. melas is also very like Mnasinous patage, but it is considerably smaller and differs
in other respects. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. C. fig. 23,

THARGELLA, gen. nov.

The single obscurely coloured species referred to this genus differs from all the other
American Pamphiline known to us in the very strongly arched costa. The primaries
are comparatively short and broad, with a short cell, the discocellulars oblique, and the
lower radial depressed at the base. The neuration js very like that of the genera
Methion, Methionopsis, and Epeus (the last two of these being branded in the male),
except that the first median branch arises from nearer the lower angle of the cell.
Amongst the Hesperiine it closely approaches some of the species of Achlyodes
(A. calavius, &c.), from which the oblique discocellulars and the depressed lower radial
nervure separate it. The antenns are almost as long as in the genus Falga.

The antenne are about two-thirds the length of the costa, and have an elongate
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short. The

THARGELLA.—MNASITHEUS. 56d

primaries are comparatively short and broad, blunt at the tip, with the costa strongly
arched from the base to the apex, and the outer margin slightly rounded ; the cell is
Jess than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper
one longer than the lower, the latter twice the length of the third median segment,
which is exceedingly short; the lower radial is distinctly depressed at the base; the
first branch arises a little beyond the middle of the median nervure, the second close
to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the
discocellulars are long and faint, the lower one oblique, the upper one transverse.
The body is moderately stout, the head large. The middle tibie are without spines,
and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. There are no secondary sexual characters
visible on the primaries of the male (Tab. C. fig. 24), but the secondaries have a fringe
of long hairs along the inner edge of the abdominal fold in this sex.

1. Thargella fuliginosa, sp.n. (Tab. C. figg. 24, 25, ¢.)
Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus rufo-fuscis, anticis ad angulum analem late pallidioribus; palpis aureis.
© ignota.
Hab. Nicaraaua, Chontales (Janson) —CotomB14, Cacagualito (Hf. H. Smith, in Mus.
Pittsburg); British Guiana; Amazons, Santarem.

We have seen four males of this species: three worn examples in our own collection
and one, from Colombia, in perfect condition, belonging to the Pittsburg Museum.
‘The genitalia of two of them have been dissected, and they agree perfectly. Our figures
are taken from the Chontales specimen, the genitalia being shown on ‘Tab. C. fig. 25.

MNASITHEUS, gen. nov.

The two species we place under this generic name are both of very small size, and of
an almost uniform fuscous colour above and beneath, with the cilia paler. We take
M. cephis as the type, this having an inconspicuous treble brand on the primaries of
the male; the second species is Pamphila simpiicissima, H.-S. (=Cobalus nigritulus,
Mab.): the first-mentioned insect is only known to us at present from Mexico and
Guatemala; the other is a widely distributed and common Tropical-American form.
‘he genitalia of the males of the two species are very similar.

The antenne are a little more than half the length of the costa, and have an elongate
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short and conical
(longer in M. simplicissimus). The primaries are somewhat pointed at the tip, and
have the costa slightly arched at the base; the cell is much less than two-thirds the
length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one about twice the
length of the lower, the latter slightly longer than the third median segment ; the
lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises from the middle of the
median nervure, the second from close to the lower angle of the cell. The body is

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Voi. Il., December 1900. 4p

566 RHOPALOCERA.

rather slender. The middle tibie are without spines, and the hind tibie have two
pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male (Tab. C. fig. 26) (except in UM. simplicissimus,
fig. 28) have an inconspicuous treble brand completely covered by the coarser scales:
(1) a very short longitudinal streak just above the first median branch at some distance
from its base; (2) a much longer streak immediately below this; (3) a still longer
streak along the upper edge of the submedian nervure at the middle.

1. Mnasitheus cephis, sp.n. (Tab. C. figg. 26,27, ¢.)

Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, sed purpureo tinctis.
? mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla (F. D. G.); Guatemata, Zapote (Champion).

Very like Mnasalcas uniformis (Butler), but smaller, and with the brand very
differently formed. Of this obscure species we have at present only detected four ©
specimens. ‘The brand on the primaries and the longer terminal joint of the palpi, as
well as the form of the tegumen, separate it from M. simplicissimus. A male from
each locality has been dissected. For the genitalia, see ‘ab. C. fig. 27.

2. Mnasitheus simplicissimus. (Tab. C. figg. 28, 29, 3.)
Pamphila simplicissima, Herr.-Schaff. Corresp.-Blatt Regensb. 1870, p. 1597.
Cobalus nigritulus, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii. p. Ixii®.

Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus ut supra, palpis pilis fuscis et aureis intermixtis vestitis ; ciliis obscure
griseis.
© mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (M. Trujillo), Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Orizaba (Ff. D. G. &
H. J. Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, San Gerénimo, Zapote
(Champion); Honpuras (Dyson), San Pedro (Whitely); Panama 2, Chiriqui (er Staud-
anger ).—- VENEZUELA !, Puerto Cabello; Brazin 2.

This is one of several very closely allied species which have no brand on the
primaries in the male. It is chiefly distinguished by the obscurely coloured fringe,
the golden hairs on the underside of the palpi, and the form of the male genitalia, for
which see Tab. C. fig. 29. We have dissected five Mexican examples, all of which are
precisely alike. The females are scarcely separable from those of several of the
allied forms. |

We possess a male from Venezuela, which we believe to be Herrich-Schaffer’s type,
and Mr. H. H. Smith has supplied us with a very long series from Atoyac and ‘l'eapa
in Eastern Mexico. This is one of two species from Chiriqui sent us by Dr. Staudinger

under the MS. name of Pamphila modesta, but this term we have applied to the other
insect *.

* Cobalus chrysophrys, Mab., from Colombia, the type of which, a male, has been lent us by Dr. Staudinger,
is also very like M. simplicissimus ; but it has longer antenne, a paler fringe, and an inconspicuous double
brand formed of a long streak above the submedian nervure and another below the tirst median branch,

MNASALCAS.—MASTOR. 567

MNASALCAS, gen. nov.

Pamphila uniformis, Butl., from Costa Rica, described from a single female example,
has a conspicuous and very peculiarly shaped brand on the primaries of the male, and
as it also differs in some other particulars from the species of all the allied genera we
are compelled to place it by itself.

The antenne are about two-thirds the length of the costa, and have a rather stout
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is very short, conical,
and almost concealed. ‘The primaries are moderately elongate, blunt at the tip, and
have the costa arched at the base; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the
costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one being fully three times the length
of the lower, the latter about equal to the third median segment, which is very short ;
the lower radial is considerably depressed at the base ; the first branch arises a little
beyond the middle of the median nervure, the second almost at the lower angle of the
cell. ‘The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. The
body is slender. The middle tibie are without spines, and the hind tibiz have two
pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male (Tab. C. fig. 30) have the brand formed of
three portions: (1) a longitudinal streak extending along the second median segment
to beyond the base of the second branch and filling the angle between it and the first
branch ; (2) a short longitudinal streak immediately below this; (3)a triangular piece
extending forwards from the middle of the submedian nervure.

1. Mnasalcas uniformis. (Tab. C. figg. 30, 31, 3.)
Pamphila uniformis, Buti. Cist. Ent. i. p. 113°.

Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus brunnescentioribus, anticis margine interno pallidioribus; palpis pilis
fuscis.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten !), Caché, Irazu (Rogers).

Dr. Butler’s description of this insect was taken from a very worn specimen in
Van Patten’s Costa-Rican collection, which is now in our possession, and with this we
associate four males from the same country. MM. uniformis closely resembles numerous
other Tropical- American species, but the form of the brand in the male will distinguish
it from all its allies. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. C. fig. 31.

MASTOR, gen. nov.

‘The species we refer to this genus have the primaries comparatively short, and rather
blunt at the tip, approaching in this respect Poanes and Poanopsis, from which they
differ in having a more slender club and a longer crook to the antenne, the primaries
less rounded at the apex, &c. In M. anubis, which we take as the type, and MM. bellus

(W. H. Edwards) there is a slender, interrupted, linear, oblique brand on the primaries
dp 2

568 RHOPALOCERA.

in the male, these two insects also having the genitalia very similarly formed in this
sex; but in MW. perigenes, which we provisionally place here, the primaries are without
a brand, the neuration is slightly different, and the genitalia are dissimilar in form.
All three of them have the wings of a uniform fuscous colour above, with the cilia
more or less pale. The antenne have a somewhat stouter antennal club than in most
of the similarly coloured allied insects.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate, moderately
stout club, terminating in a rather long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short
and bluntly conical. The primaries have the costa arched at the base; the cell is
nearly two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the
upper one twice the length of the lower, the latter a little shorter than the third
median segment ; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch
arises slightly beyond the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little
distance before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the
anal angle ; the discocellulars are very faint. The body is rather slender. ‘The middle
tibi are conspicuously spined ; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries
of the male (Tab. C. fig. 34) have a narrow oblique brand, extending from the base of
the second median branch to the middle of the submedian nervure, this being much
interrupted in M. anubis and absent in VW. perigenes.

a. Primaries of the male with a faint brand.

1. Mastor anubis, sp. n. (Tab. C. figg. 32-35, 3.)

Alis brunneo-fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, palpis pilis aureis et fuscis intermixtis
vestitis ; antennis subtus ad clave basin et ciliis externe ochraceis.
@ mari similis.
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Jalapa
(coll. Schaus).

Our collection contains eighteen specimens of this obscure species. In some
examples a curved row of small spots is distinctly visible on the underside of the
secondaries, these being formed by scattered ochreous scales. M. anubis closely
resembles Cobalus chrysophrys, Mab., from Colombia, from which it differs in its larger
size, shorter antenne, and the very differently shaped brand in the male. We also
have an imperfect example from Costa Rica that may belong here.

For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. C. fig. 35.

2. Mastor bellus. (Tab. ©. fig. 36, ¢ .)
Hesperia bellus, W. H. Edwards, Papilio, iv. p. 57 (3) (1884) '.
Pamphila bellus, Skinner, Ent. News, xi. p. 414, t. 2. ff 11, 127.
Alis brunneo-fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, capite et palpis pilis ochreis vestitis ; ciliis (nisi ad

apicem posticarum) ochraceis.
@ mari similis,

MASTOR.—MNASILUS. 569

Hab. Norta America, Arizona ! 2,A—Mexico, Milpas in Durango (forrer), Las Vigas
(coll. Schaus).

Mr. Forrer sent us a worn pair only of this distinct species from Milpas in Durango ;
Mr. Schaus’s collection, however, contains three males from Las Vigas in good
condition. It may at once be distinguished from all the allied forms by its conspicuous
orange hairs on the head and palpi, and the ochreous fringe to both wings.

For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. C. tig. 36.

6. Primaries of the male without a brand.

3. Mastor perigenes, sp.n. (Tab. C. figg. 37, 38, ¢.)

Alis nitente fuscis, unicoloribus : subtus anticis obscure fuscis, costa et apice sordide ochraceis ; posticis coloris
ejusdem, venis omnibus pallidioribus, strigis duabus longitudinalibus a basi, una ad marginem externum
juxta apicem, altera minus distincta angulo anali propiore (interdum absente), albidis, plica ad marginem
internum fusca; corpore et palpis subtus canescentibus; ciliis griseis.

Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Two males are all we know of this insect, which may be easily identified from its
allies by the longitudinal whitish streaks on the secondaries beneath. In one example
the inner streak is absent. It has no brand on the primaries. MM. perigenes closely
resembles Thymelicus bicolor, Mabille, which we take as the type of another genus, but
has a shorter apical joint to the palpi and the underside of the secondaries is differently
coloured. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. C. fig. 38.

MNASILUS, gen. nov.

The single species referred to this genus is widely distributed in Tropical America.
This insect is closely related to Megistias, but differs from it in having a conspicuous
pencil of hairs on the primaries in the male, the genitalia also being peculiarly formed.

The antenne are half the length of the costa, and have a rather stout club, termi-
nating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is very short, stout, and bluntly
conical. The primaries are slightly produced at the tip, the apex blunt, the costa very
feebly arched towards the base; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the
costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one slightly longer than the lower,
the latter being of the same length as the third median segment; the lower radial is
slightly depressed at the base; the first branch arises from the middle of the median
nervure, the second a little before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries arc
feebly produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are oblique and very faint. ‘The
body is rather slender. The middle tibie are spined; the hind tibie have two pairs
of spurs. The primaries of the male (Tab. C. fig. 41) have a conspicuous pencil of long
hairs just below the submedian nervure before the middle, but there is no brand.

570 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Mnasilus penicillatus, sp. n. (Tab. C. figg. 39-42, ¢ .)

Alis fuscis, squamis ochraceis sparsim tectis ; anticis maculis serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, una submediana
elongata, aliis minutis apicem versus, omnibus indistinctis: subtus pallidioribus, maculis ut supra, anticis
dimidio interiore obscuro, posticis interdum maculis minutis quinque aut sex linea curvata subapicalibus.

mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, San Blas in Jalisco (G. Mathew), Frontera, Teapa (H. H. Smith);
GuatemaLa, San Gerénimo (0. 8S. & F. D. G., Champion); Panama, Chiriqui (ex
Staudinger).—Soutu Amurica, Lower Amazons to Brazil.

We possess a long series of this species, both from Central and South America, all
males but one.

M. penicillatus very closely resembles Pamphila epiberus, Mabille, which we place in
the genus Megistias, and has a similar geographical distribution; but it may at once
be distinguished by the pencil of hairs on the primaries in the male, as well as by the
very differently formed genitalia in this sex. Five males from widely separated
localities have been dissected, see Tab. C. fig. 42.

VEHILIUS, gen. nov.

Cobalus illudens, Mab., is taken as the type of this genus, which also includes
Apaustus venosus, Plétz; the first mentioned is a common Central-American form and
the other is widely distributed in the Neotropical region. These two insects are very
like some of the species of Megistias in general appearance, except that they have the
nervures of the secondaries pale beneath ; the structure of the genitalia of the males,
however, is so different that we think it desirable to separate them. We have also
several unnamed forms from South America that probably belong here.

The antenne are a little more than half the length of the costa, and have a
moderately long club, terminating in a long crock. ‘The third joint of the palpi is
short and conical. The primaries are moderately long, somewhat pointed at the tip,
and have the costa arched at the base; the cell is much less than two-thirds the
length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one about twice as long
as the lower, the latter being of the same length as the third median segment; the
first branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second a little before
the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are distinctly produced at the anal
angle; the discocellulars are faint. The body is rather slender. The middle tibiz
are furnished with long spines, the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries
of the male (Tab. C. fig. 45) are without trace of a brand.

1. Vehilius illudens. (Tab. C. figg. 43-46, ¢.)
Cobalus illudens, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxxili'.

Alis fuscis, punctis duobus inter ramos medianos ad cellule finem, exteriore minore, duobus aut tribus
minutissimis in linea transversa subapicalibus (interdum obsoletis), ochraceis; posticis area discali

VEHILIUS.—MEGISTIAS. 571

obscure fulvis: subtus anticis (nisi area mediana) pallidioribus, punctis ut supra, ramis subcostalibus, et
discoidalibus ad marginem externum, sordide ochraceis ; posticis area interiore et venis omnibus coloris
ejusdem, ad basin et marginem exteriorem obscuris ; palpis quoque subtus pallide ochraceis.

9 mari similis.

- Hab. Mexico, Misantla (F. D. G.), Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H.
Smith), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes); Guaremata, Motagua valley, Choctum (F. D. G. &
O. S.), San Gerénimo and Panima (Champion); Nicaracva, Chontales (Belt); Costa
Rica, San Francisco, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Staudinger!), Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion), Lion Hill (/‘\Leannan).—Co.omBia.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us the type of this species. It is a common insect
in Central America, whence we possess a very long series. V. dd/udens is closely allied
to V. venosus (Plotz), but differs from it in having fewer spots on the upperside ot the
primaries, and the disk of the secondaries without spots above and pale beneath.
Our figures are taken from Atoyac specimens. For the genitalia of the male, see
Tab. C. fig. 46.

9. Vehilius venosus. (Tab. C. figg. 47, 48, 49, ¢.)
Apaustus venosus, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 160'.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, ea in medio maxima, una minuta
subcostali, punctis duobus (aut tribus) in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus hyalinis; posticis
maculis tribus elongatis in linea transversa ultra cellulam flavidis: subtus paulo dilutioribus, anticis
apicem versus et posticis totis venis pallide flavis striatis, linea maculari curvata apicem versus inter
venas albida.

9 mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Staudinger).—Souru AmERica * to Brazil.

Dr. Staudinger has kindly lent us a single example from Chiriqui of this species,
which agrees well with a long series from South America in our collection. We
have also seen specimens of it labelled Papilio saturnus, Fabr., and P. pertinax,
Cram., but we do not think these names are correctly applied For the genitalia of

the male, see Tab. C. fig. 49.

MEGISTIAS, gen. nov.

Under this genus we place numerous American species, all of small size. They
approach Lerodea on the one hand, and Codalus on the other, differing from the first-
mentioned in having longer antenne, with a more slender club, and also the primaries
blunter at the tip, and from the latter in having the body more slender, the primaries
less pointed at the.apex, and the secondaries less produced at the anal angle. ‘The
males are without trace of a brand on the primaries. Hesperia tripunctata, Latr.
(=Pamphila obsoleta, Méschl.), is taken as the type, and H. fusca, Grote and Robins.,

also belongs here.

572 RHOPALOCERA.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have a moderately long
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short and conical.
The primaries are moderately long, blunt at the tip, and arched at the base; the cell
is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique,
the upper one much longer than the lower, the latter about as long as the third median
segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises about the
middle of the median nervure, the second a little before the lower angle of the cell.
The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. The body
is rather slender. The middle tibie are spined (except in M. epiberus and possibly in
one or two others) and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs.

There is a good deal of divergence in the structure of the genitalia of the males of
the species we refer to this genus, as will be seen by our Plate.

a. Primaries immaculate, or with very indistinct spots.

1. Megistias tripunctatus. (Tab. CI. figg. 1, 2, 3, ¢.)
Hesperia tripunctata, Latr. Ene. Méth. ix. p. 752°.
Pamphila obsoleta, Moéschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxviii. p. 215 ?.

Alis fuscis, anticis punctis duobus inter ramos medianos ad cellule finem, tribus in linea transversa
subapicalibus, omnibus indistinctis (interdum obsoletis): subtus pallidioribus, marginibus externis linea
angusta obscura limbatis, punctis ut supra; posticis squamis griseis vestitis, area discali maculis serie
transversa irregulari curvata nigro-fuscis ; palpis et abdomine subtus albidis.

® mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Panama, Chiriqui (2ibbé).—CoLomBL 2;

VENEZUELA ; AMAZONS; Braziu!.

Mr. Smith procured for us a long series of this insect from Atoyac, agreeing well
with others from more southern localities in our collection. Latreille’s brief descrip-
tion seems to leave but little doubt that the above name is applicable to the present
species, which may be distinguished from all its allies by the dark discal spots on the
underside of the secondaries. There is a certain amount of variation in the number
of the spots, some examples having as few as three, others tive or six, and this appears
to be independent of locality. We have seen Méschler’s type of P. obsoleta, from
Colombia, which in no way differs from the Central-American insect. Our figures are
taken from Atoyac examples. For the genitalia of the male (three specimens of which
have been dissected, from Mexico and Brazil), see Tab. CI. fig. 3.

2. Megistias jera, sp.n. (ab. CI. figg. 4, 5, 3.)

Alis fuscis, anticis puncto inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium ad cellule finem, tribus in linea
transversa subapicalibus (interdum obsoletis), omnibus minutis, albidis: subtus ut supra, anticis ad
angulum analem pallidioribus; posticis squamis schistaceis vestitis, duas fascias transversas obscuras
apicem versus formantibus ; palpis et corpore subtus albidis; antennis plus minusve albo-annulatis,

mari similis.

MEGISTIAS. 573

Hab. Mexico, Venta de Zopilote, Tierra Colorada, Chilpancingo, Dos Arroyos,
Rincon, Rio Papagaio, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

This species is confined, so far as we know, to Western Mexico, whence Mr. Smith
has sent us fourteen specimens. MM. jera closely resembles VM. isus, but has the
primaries less pointed at the apex, the spots are less distinct, and the male genitalia
are differently formed: see Tab. CI. fig. 5.

3. Megistias labdacus, sp. n. (Tab. CI. figg. 6, 7, 3.)

Alis nitente fuscis, punctis duobus indistinctis inter ramos medianos ad cellule finem, tribus in linea
transversa subapicalibus (interdum obsoletis), albidis: subtus pallidioribus, anticis maculis ut supra,
ad basin et in area mediana paulo obscurioribus; posticis squamis griseis sparsim tectis, maculis
indistinctis serie curvata apicem versus coloris ejusdem ; palpis et corpore subtus albidis.

mari similis, sed punctis forsan magis obviis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos, Chilpancingo, Tierra Colorada, Rincon, Tepetlapa, and
Acaguizotla, all in Guerrero, Cuernavaca, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes),
Coatepec (coll. Schaus); Guatemata, San Gerénimo (f. D. G. & O. S., Champion),
Duefias (Champion); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, San Francisco
(Rogers).

Our collection contains a good series of this insect, chiefly from Western Mexico ;
we have also two specimens in bad condition—one from Panama, the other from
Chapada, Brazil—which possibly belong here. It is a very close ally of the North-
American Hesperia fusca, Grote and Robins., a species referred to Lerodea by Scudder,
but differs in having the primaries faintly spotted above and beneath; the genitalia of
the males (three of which, from Mexico, Guatemala, and Brazil, have been dissected)
are very similarly formed in the two species: for those of MM. labdacus, see Tab. Cl.
fig. 7.

4. Megistias ebasus, sp. n. (Tab. CI. fig. 8, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus anticis ut supra, sed pallidioribus, costa, apice, posticisque area basali
purpureo-griseo marmoratis; ciliis pallidis, indistincte fusco maculatis ; palpis et corpore subtus pilis
griseis vestitis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

Mr. Rogers procured a single male example of this distinct species in Costa Rica,
the only one we have seen. It is very different from anything else known to us, and
may readily be recognized by the purple-grey mottling of the costa and apex of the
primaries and of the whole area of the secondaries, these latter wings being darker
towards their outer margin. As our specimen is unique, we have not ventured to
dissect it.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., December 1900. 4k

574 RHOPALOCERA.

6. Primaries with minute hyaline spots.

5. Megistias isus, sp.n. (Tab. CI. figg. 9, 10, 11, 2.)

Alis fuscis, anticis puncto minuto (interdum duobus) ultra cellulam, tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa,
albo-hyalinis: subtus anticis pallidioribus, punctis ut supra, ad angulum analem et marginem externum
griseis; posticis quoque griseis, costa et fasciis duabus transversis ab apice ad marginem internum
extendentibus, fuscis ; palpis albidis; antennis subtus colore eodem notatis; ciliis griseis, indistincte fusco
maculatis.

mari similis, sed punctis semper duobus ultra cellulam.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco, Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, Venta de Zopilote, Tierra
Colorada, Cuernavaca, Atoyac, Fortin, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Misantla, Jalapa
(Pf. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Paso de San Juan (coll. Schaus); GUATEMALA
(Ff. D. G. & O. &., Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché,
San Francisco (Rogers).— VENEZUELA ; GUIANA.

A common insect in Mexico, whence we possess a long series from both the Eastern
and Western States. We have received a Venezuelan specimen from Mr. Semper
marked “ Cobalus catocala, Herrich-Schiaffer,” but it does not agree with the brief
description of that species. Our figures are taken from Mexican specimens. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. CI. fig. 11.

6. Megistias fraus, sp.n. (Tab. CI. fig. 12, ¢.)

Alis nitide fuscis, anticis punctis tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa albo-hyalinis : subtus pallidioribus,
anticis obscure fusco marmoratis, plaga subquadrata subapicali fusca ; posticis fasciis tribus, una ad basin,
secunda mediana, tertia submarginali, obscure fuscis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Panima in Vera Paz (Champion) ; |
Honpuras (Mus. Brit.).

At present we have only seen three examples which certainly belong to M. fraus,
a male in good condition from Teapa, a worn specimen from Panima (now without a
body), and another in the British Museun, all of them being from the Atlantic slope.

Except for the three subapical hyaline spots on the primaries, the upperside is
of a uniform fuscous colour; the secondaries beneath are conspicuously marked with
alternately light and dark bands.

7. Megistias telata. (Tab. Cl. figg. 13, 14, 15, 3.)
Cobalus telata, Herr.-Schiff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 817.
Hesperia telata, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1883, p. 51.

Alis fuscis, anticis punctis duobus inter ramos medianos ad cellule finem, duobus aut tribus in linea transversa
subapicalibus et duobus minutissimis in costa medio (interdum obsoletis), sordide albis: subtus anticis
fuscis, punctis ut supra sed majoribus, costa (apicem versus latiore) ferruginea, ad marginem externum
griseo notatis ; posticis ferrugineis, fasciis duabus irregularibus a margine interno, una ad costam, altera
apicem versus extendentibus, griseis ; ciliis griseis, fusco maculatis: subtus palpis et corpore pilis albidis
vestitis.

@ mari similis.

MEGISTIAS. 575

Hab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), Mazatlan (G. Mathew), Acapulco,
Dos Arroyos, and Rio Papagaio, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan
(coll. Schaus), Atoyac (Schumann & H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer) ;
Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gawmer).—VennzuEta, Puerto Cabello, La Guayra?; GUIANA.

This is a fairly common species in Mexico, from which country we have received
numerous examples, from both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes.

Our series shows considerable variation ; the small spots at the middle of the costa
of the primaries (as well as those beyond the cell) are sometimes very indistinct above,
but they are always conspicuous beneath, where they are confluent. ‘The underside
of the secondaries in some individuals is darker than in others, and the ferruginous
markings are paler, approaching to fulvous. Our figures are taken from Mexican
specimens. For the genitalia of the male, which are not unlike those of Cobalopsis
dyscritus (Mab.), see Tab. CI. fig. 15, the insect in this respect differing from all others
of the genus.

c. Primaries usually with an oblique series of ochreous spots.

8. Megistias epiberus. (Tab. CI. figg. 16, 17, 18, ¢.)

Pamphila epiberus, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 134, f. 2 ,

Alis fuscis, anticis costa et maculis, venis divisis, serie obliqua inter ramos medianos, ochraceis, posticis squamis
et pilis coloris ejusdem vestitis: subtus ochraceo-ferrugineis, anticis dimidio interiore a basi usque ad
ramum medianum nigrescentibus et maculis duabus discalibus flavis.

¢ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla, Vera Cruz (/. D. G.), Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa

(H. H. Smith); Guaremaza, San Geronimo (Champion); Honpuras (Dyson); PANaMa,

Chiriqui! (ex Staudinger).—Sourn America to Brazil; ‘TRINIDAD.

Of this very variable species we have examples of each sex, from Atoyac and
Teapa, which are dark fuscous on the upperside, with no spots, and, again, we have
others from the same localities with a well-marked oblique tapering series of ochreous
spots on the primaries; they vary also ina similar manner in the colour of the under-
side of the wings. Between these two extremes we have intermediate forms. We
have dissected four males, and the genitalia show no difference of any importance,
see ‘Tab. Cl. fig. 18. Our figure of the insect is taken from a specimen from

Chiriqui.
9. Megistias leucone, sp. n. (Tab. CI. figg. 19, 20, 21, 3.)

Alis fuscis, maculis duabus distinctis in linea obliqua inter ramos medianos, ochraceis, costa dense, aliter sparsim
posticis inter ramos ultra cellulam quoque squamis coloris ejusdem dense vestitis :

squamis flavis tectis,
o interno a basi usque ad ramum medianum secundum obscure fuscis.

subtus ut supra, anticis dimidi
9 mari similis.
Hab. Guavemata, Duefias, San Gerénimo (Champion).
4g 2

576 RHOPALOCERA.

An obscure species, much resembling MV. epiberus, but distinguishable from it by the
primaries having only two distinct ochreous spots, instead of an oblique series tapering
towards the apex, as well as by the form of the genitalia of the male, for which see
Tab. CI. fig. 21.

PARPHORUS, gen. nov.

Phlebodes storax, Mab., from Chiriqui, is taken as the type of this genus. In the
general coloration of the underside of the wings it agrees with Apaustus menes and
Callimormus gracilis, i. e. the nervures of the secondaries and those at the apex of the
primaries are yellow. The primaries of the male have a very conspicuous raised brand,
formed of two kinds of scales, this being still more developed and more oblique than
in Phlebodes, as here understood ; the body is more slender than in that genus, and the
secondaries are much less produced at the anal angle. The antenne are about half
the length of the costa, and have an elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The
third joint of the palpi is short and bluntly conical. The primaries are rather narrow,
moderately elongate, and blunt at the tip, the costa arched at the base ; the cell is less
than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one
about three times as long as the lower, the latter being only half the length of the
third median segment; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first
branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second at some distance
before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are very slightly lobed at the anal
angle ; the discocellulars are faint and strongly oblique. The body is rather slender.
The middle tibia are without spines; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The
primaries of the male (Tab. CI. fig. 24) have a stout, oblique, curved, greyish brand,
extending from the origin of the second median branch to the submedian nervure at
about one-third from the base, and nearly filling the angle between the second median
segment and the first median branch, this being bordered above and within by an
irregular, raised, velvety-black streak.

1. Parphorus storax. (Tab. CI. figg. 22-25, 3.)
Phlebodes storaxz, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxxiii’.

Alis fuscis, anticis stigmate nigrescente, ultra eum squamis ochraceis vestitis, maculos tres in linea obliqua
formantibus: subtus dilutioribus, anticis in costa et ad apicem posticisque omnino venis flavis ornatis ;
palpis subtus flavescentibus ; corpore subtus albido.

G mari similis, sed supra alis immaculatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui! (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—CotomBia, Rio San Juan;
VENEZUELA; Gurana, Roraima.

Mabille’s type from Chiriqui is. before us, and also several others from the same
locality, as well as three from further south, most of them kindly lent us by
Dr. Staudinger. P. storax is exceedingly like Callimormus omadius in coloration, but

PARPHORUS.—VORATES. aTT

has a short, blunt terminal joint to the palpi. As we have no Central-American

specimens of our own, we have dissected the genitalia of a male from Guiana, for
which see Tab. CI. fig. 25.

VORATES, gen. nov.

The two small Tropical-American species placed here, of which we take Codalus
decora, H.-S. (=Apaustus tanaquilus, Méschl.), as the type, are very like Parphorus
storax (Mab.), and agree with it in having the nervures of the underside of the
secondaries, as well as those at the apex of the primaries, yellow; but the form of
the brand of the primaries of the male is very different, this character also separating
it from Phlebodes. V.decorus approaches Ewroto in the shape of the brand, but the
structure of the genitalia, as well as the general coloration, shows that it has no real
affinity with that genus. Of the second species, V. sapala, we have seen only two
examples without palpi. The antenne are more than half the length of the costa, and
have a stout club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short
and bluntly conical. The primaries are moderately long, somewhat pointed at the tip,
and arched on the costa at the base; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the
costa ; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one short and of the same length as
the third median segment; the first branch arises before the middle of the median
nervure, the second near the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are very feebly
lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are oblique and very faint. ‘The body is
moderately stout. The middle tibiz are without spines, and the hind tibiz have two
pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male (Tab. CI. fig. 28) have a somewhat
conspicuous double brand: (1) a rather broad streak extending along the second
median segment, not quite reaching its base; (2) a short longitudinal streak below it,
a little beyond the base of the first median branch. ‘The upper portion of the brand is
longer, broader, and more conspicuous in V. sapada than it is in V. decorus.

1. Vorates decorus. (Tab. CI. figg. 26-29, 2.)
Cobalus decora, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 81 (1869) ’.
Apaustus tanaquilus, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 222°.

Alis obscure fuscis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis maculis tribus in linea curvata infra et ultra cellulam, una ad
apicem proxima minuta, secunda elongata, tertia subovali, puncto minuto subapicali, ochraceis: subtus
fuscis, anticis maculis ut supra, sed ea juxta venam medianam absente; anticis costa, ramis subcosta-
libus et ramis discoidalibus flavis, venis posticarum coloris ejusdem.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith) ; Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—CoLoMBIA?;
VENEZUELA, Puerto Cabello; Lower Amazons; BRaziL.

Of this species we have seen two Central and several South-American examples; the
one from Chiriqui was lent us by Dr. Staudinger under the name of Pamphila decora,

578 RHOPALOCERA.

Herrich-Schaffer, and it agrees fairly with that author’s brief description. We have
also seen the type of Apaustus tanaguilus, Méschler. V. decorus closely resembles
Phiebodes tiberius (Méschl.), but it has radiating yellow lines on the secondaries, and
also at the apex of the primaries, beneath, which is not the case in the latter insect *.
A male from Atoyac is figured. For the genitalia, see Tab. CI. fig. 29.

2. Vorates sapala, sp. n. (Tab. CI. figg. 30, 31, 3.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis maculis tribus, una angusta et elongata inter ramos medianos primum
et secundum, secunda ultra eam minore et subquadrata, tertia subapicali, flavo-hyalinis, coste dimidio
baseli, et fascia indistincta inter venam medianam et submedianam in macula terminata, ochreis ; posticis
(nisi area costali) squamis ochraceis vestitis: subtus fuscis, anticis costa lineis duabus, aliisque apicalibus,
flavis, posticis lineis radiantibus venas sequentibus coloris ejusdem.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger).

Two males of this species have been sent us by Dr. Staudinger for determination.
It is a very close ally of V. decorus (H.-S.), but differs in having the brand on the
primaries longer and beneath the upper portion of it there is an elongate hyaline
spot. The costa of the primaries, a streak between the median and submedian
nervures, and the greater part of the upper surface of the secondaries are clothed with
ochreous scales, these being absent on the secondaries of V. decorus.

PHERAUS, gen. nov.

This genus includes a single species of small size from Central America, described by
M. Mabille under the name of Carystus epidius; it has long, narrow primaries, a short,
stout terminal joint to the palpi, long antennz, with a long crook, a moderately stout
body, a >-shaped brand on the primaries in the male, and the underside of the
secondaries peculiarly coloured. In the general shape of the Wings it approaches
Callimormus. The antenne are a little more than half the length of the costa, and
have an elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is
short and bluntly conical. The primaries are narrow, elongate, blunt at the tip, and
arched on the costa at the base; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa;
the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one about twice as long as the lower; the
third median segment is very short; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first
branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower
angle of the cell. The secondaries are rounded at the apical angle ; the discocellulars
are very faint. The body is moderately stout. The hind tibia have two pairs of spurs.
The primaries of the male have a stout, inconspicuous, >-shaped brand in the angle

* There is another closely allied unnamed species from South America in our collection, which has the
underside very similarly marked, but in this insect the brand is larger and formed like that of Phlebodes
tiberius.

PHERZUS.—MOLO. 579

between the base of the second median segment and the origin of the first median
branch.

In the form of the brand, which is covered by coarse scales, the present genus appears
to agree with Artines, but the latter has a long, erect, terminal joint to the palpi.

1. Pherzus epidius. (Tab. CI. figg. 32, 33, 3.)
Carystus epidius, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. xix’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis duabus discalibus, una inter ramos medianos primum et secundum
subquadrata, altera minore ultra eam, flavo-hyalinis ; linea indistincta a basi supra venam submedianam, ad
alee medium abrupte terminata, flavida ; posticis basin et marginem internum versus pilis obscure ochraceis
vestitis, area discali ochracea : subtus ut supra, sed anticis linea submediana absente, posticis bitriente basali

(nisi costa ad basin) flava; corpore subtus flavido; anticis et posticis ad angulum analem ciliis ochraceis.
2 mari similis.

Hab. Nicaraeua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui! (mus. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male of this species from Chiriqui, and we have a
mutilated female example from Chontales, Nicaragua, captured by Belt. It some-
what resembles Philebodes ittona, Butler, on the underside, but has a much shorter
terminal joint to the palpi.

MOLO, gen. nov.

The single Tropical-American species referred to this genus, Hesperia herewa, Hew.,
an insect just entering our limits, appears to be an isolated form, allied to Padraona
and Vinius, from which it differs in having the upper discocellular of the primaries
transverse (instead of oblique), the body more robust, &c. From Atrytone it may
be distinguished by the longer antenne, with longer crook, the transverse upper
discocellular, &c.

The antenne reach the end of the cell, and have a long stout club, terminating in a
long crook. The palpi are densely clothed with scales ; the third joint is short, stout,
and bluntly conical. ‘he primaries are produced and pointed at the tip; the cell is
two-thirds the length of the costa; the upper discocellular is transverse and more than
three times the length of the lower, the latter is oblique and half the length of the
third median segment; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first
branch arises far before the middle of the median nervure, the second near the lower
angle of the cell, the second median segment being longer than the first. ‘The
secondaries are produced at the anal angle ; the discocellulars are very faint. ‘The body
is robust, the head and eyes very large. The middle tibia are armed with a few very
short spines, the hind tibia have two pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries (Tab. CI. fig. 36)
are without trace of a brand in the male.

We have specimens of two other nearly allied forms from South America, each of
which may have to be taken as the type of a separate genus: one of these is Pamphila
kenava, Butl., from Venezuela ; the other has been sent to us by Dr. Staudinger, under
the MS. name of Pamphila illimanensis, Staud., from Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru.

580 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Molo herza. (Tab. CI. figg. 34-37, 3.)
Hesperia herea, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 34 (1868)'.

Alis anticis fusco-nigris, coste dimidio basali in cellulam extendente, bitriente marginis interni, maculis
quatuor apicem versus minuendis, maculaque bifida subapicali, omnibus nitente aurantiis ; posticis area
costali late, margine interno anguste, et linea basali abbreviata infra ecllulam, fusco-nigris, aliter nitente
aurantiis: subtus flavis, ferrugineo notatis, anticis fascia lata irregulari mediana a basi apicem versus
extendente, margine interno et angulo anali, nigrescentibus ; posticis margine interno fusco.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—Gutana ; Amazons, Ega !,

Of this species there is a single male from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection,
agreeing with other South-American specimens in our possession and also with Hewit-
son’s types. The Chiriqui insect (not at present before us) was sent under the name of
Pamphila xenarchus, Mabille.

The secondaries are beautifully iridescent on the upperside in certain lights. For
the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CI. fig. 37. Our figures are all taken from South-
American examples.

VINIUS, gen. nov.

To this genus we refer Pamphila nicomedes and P. sagitta, Mab., and a species from
Brazil in our collection * ; and Phemiades ephesus, Hiibn., probably belongs here. These
insects are all from Tropical America, P. sagitta only appertaining to our fauna.

In general coloration they resemble the species of Padraona, but differ from them
in having the discocellulars of the primaries more transverse and the second median
branch arising almost at the lower angle of the cell; the males, moreover, have a
short longitudinal brand above and below the first median branch, and a tuft of very
long blackish hairs on the secondaries. The antenne are moderately long, reaching the
apex of the cell, and have an elongate, stout club, terminating in a long crook. The
palpi have the third joint rather long, conical, and erect. The primaries are somewhat
pointed at the tip; the costa is arched at the base, straight towards the apex; the cell
comparatively short, not more than three-fifths the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are moderately oblique, the lower one rather more than half the length of the

* Vinius arignote, sp.n. (Tab. CI. figg. 38-41, ¢.)
V. sagitte similis, sed colore fulvo magis extenso, presertim in area discali posticarum, his macula parva in
cellula basi propiore coloris ejusdem: subtus posticis maculis submarginalibus rotundatis, nec elongatis
’ ’

aliis quoque irregularibus dimidio basali, interdum una majore ad cellule finem.
2 mari similis.

Hab. Amazons, Pardé, Manaos; Brazit, Chapada, Santa Catarina.

Of this species we possess several examples, including both sexes. It is also very like V. nicomedes (Mab.),
but may be easily separated therefrom by the conspicuous blackish spots on the underside of the secondaries.
The insect very much resembles Hiibner’s figure of Phemiades ephesus. A male from Manaos is figured.
For the genitalia, see Tab. CI. fig. 41.

VINIUS.—PADRAONA. 581

upper; the lower radial is very slightly depressed at the base; the first branch arises
from the middle of the median nervure, the second almost at the lower angle of the
cell, the third median segment thus becoming exceedingly short. The secondaries are
very slightly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are very faint. The body
is moderately stout. The middle tibie are spined, the hind tibie have two pairs
of spurs. The primaries of the male (Tab. CI. fig. 40) have a conspicuous short
longitudinal brand, formed of two streaks, one above, the other just below the first
median branch, at about one-third from its point of origin: the secondaries in this sex
have also a conspicuous tuft of very long blackish hairs arising from close to the inner
margin of the abdominal fold towards the base.

We figure the fore wing, genitalia, &c. of the South-American V. arignote (Tab. CI.
figg. 38-41).

1. Vinius sagitta. (Tab. CI. figg. 42, 43, ¢ .)
Pamphila sagitta, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 173, f. 17.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis costa, venis divisa apicem versus, lineis duabus in cellula (una infra
venam subcostalem, altera supra venam medianam), et fascia maculari obliqua, marginem internum versus
latiore et ad apicem valde angulata, omnibus fulvis; posticis fascia irregulari transversa coloris ejusdem :
subtus pallide ochraceis, anticis striga lata a basi in ramos duos furcata, uno apicem versus ad cellule
finem angulato, altero ad angulum analem extendente, lineis duabus (una costali, altera subcostali),
maculis parvis quinque submarginalibus, duabus apicem propioribus elongatis, omnibus fuscis ; posticis
maculis elongatis dispersis coloris ejusdem.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui ! (£7d0e).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male example of this species. It is very closely allied
to V. arignote, but differs from that insect in its darker colour, the fulvous markings
being narrower above; and, beneath, the submarginal spots of the primaries, and also
those on the secondaries, are elongated, instead of being rounded.

PADRAONA.
Padraona, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. i. p. 170 (1881) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 101.

Under this genus Watson includes a number of Asiatic and Australian species, as
well as one (Hesperia epictetus, Faby.) from Tropical America and one (Hesperia
coroller, Boisd.) from Madagascar. The last-mentioned certainly does not belong here,
and we adopt the generic name, with some reserve, for H. epictetus, which is a common
insect in Central America. Padraona probably includes other South-American forms ;
it differs from Zariaspes in having two pairs of spurs to the hind tibie, and longer
antennee, with longer crook.

The antenne about reach the end of the cell, and have an elongate club, terminating
in a long crook. The palpi have the third joint moderately short, semierect, and
bluntly conical. The primaries are pointed; the cell is less than two-thirds the length

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., December 1900. 4p

582 -_ RHOPALOCERA.

of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one very short; the lower radial
is depressed at the base; the first branch arises near the middle of the median nervure,
the second not far from the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are feebly lobed
at the anal angle; the discocellulars are very faint. The body is rather stout. The
middle tibize are without spines and the hind tibize have two pairs of spurs. The
primaries in the male in the American species are without trace of a brand.

The members of this genus have the wings blackish, with orange markings.
P. epictetus, as in certain species of Atrytone, has the costa of the secondaries clothed
with longish hairs at the base.

1, Padraona epictetus. (Tab. CI. figg. 44, 45, 46, ¢.)
Hesperia epictetus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 8330*; Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p 768 .
Papilio (Plutargus) epictetus, Don. Ins. Ind. t. 48. f. 4”.

Padraona epictetus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 102 *.

Alis nigro-fuscis ; anticis costa, fascia infra cellulam a margine interno prope apicem extendente et ad finem
ejus angulata, macula parva ad cellule finem, fulvis; posticis plaga magna, discali quoque fulva, ad
cellule finem fusco excisa : subtus ochraceis, anticis dimidio interiore nigro-fuscis, ad cellule finem macula
erosa, |

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Polochic Valley (F. D. G.
& 0. 8.), Panima, San Gerénimo, Zapote (Champion) ; Honpuras ( Wittkugel, in mus.
Staudinger); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt, Janson); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers) ;
Panama, Chiriqui (£ibbe), Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé), Panama city (J. J. Walker).—Soutu

America to Brazil and Paraguay.

_ The insect figured under the name of Pamphila epictetus (Fabr.) by Dr. Staudinger
(as we have already noted, anted, p. 485) = Zariaspes mys (Hitibn.). At first sight
the two species are very similar, and inhabit much the same country; they differ,
however, not only in their markings, but in structure. Out of about eighty specimens
in our collection, one only, and that from Brazil, is a female. For the genitalia of
the male, see Tab. CI. fig. 46.

CARYSTUS.
Carystus, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 114 (1816) (part.) ; Watson, P.Z. 8. 1893, p. 121.

This genus includes numerous Tropical-American species, several of which inhabit
our region. It is chiefly recognizable by the elongate antenne, with long crook, the
short third joint of the palpi, the rather slender body (except in C. claudianus and
C. cynaxa), and the absence of a brand on the primaries in the male. From Codalus
the present genus differs, according to Watson, in the more produced and blunter
apices of the primaries, but this character only applies to the few species he included

CARYSTUS. 583

in it. Most of them are of an obscure fuscous colour, with white markings above,
the secondaries beneath being often streaked with white (C. diversus) or silvery-white
(C. coryna), Watson takes C. jolus (Cram.) as the type.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate, slender
club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi have the third joint short. The primaries
are moderately elongate, blunt at the tip; the cell is less than (C. coryna) or quite
(C. claudianus) two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique,
the upper one very much longer than the lower, the latter about as long as the third
median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises
before the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the
cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the cell is half the length
of the wing; the discocellulars are faint and transverse. The body (except in
C. claudianus) is rather slender. The middle tibie are furnished with short spines, the
hind tibie with two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have no trace of a
brand.

Amongst the species we place here, there is one (C. claudianus) which has the cell
of the primaries strongly produced at the apex, the discocellulars, in consequence, being
very oblique; this insect also has a stouter body and the second median segment of the
fore wings longer than usual.

a. Primaries and secondaries each with a bluish-white patch near the apex, the
primaries also with hyaline discal spots.

1. Carystus claudianus. (Tab. CII. figg. 1-4, ¢.)
Hesperia claudianus, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 756 ‘,
Carystus claudianus, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 121 *,

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis quatuor, duabus in cellula, tertia maxima inter ramos medianos primum et secundum,
quarta parva et transversa ultra eam, omnibus albo-hyalinis, fascia lata transversa subapicali venis divisa
schistaceo-alba; posticis macula magna subrotunda ultra cellulam coloris ejusdem: subtus fere ut supra,
anticis macula in venam submedianam albida, costa et triente apicali griseis ; posticis area costali et ultra
cellulam ad marginem externum grisescentibus, venis omnibus obscuris ; ciliis posticarum angulum
analem versus, et abdomine subtus, albis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Guatemata, Central valleys (Ff. D. G. &: O. S.).—CotomBia ; LowER AMAZONS;

Brazit:; Bowivia.

Our collection contains only a single worn male example of this species from Central
America. It agrees very well with others before us from Santa Marta and Para. The
figures are taken from South-American examples. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab CII. fig. 4.

4Pp2

584 RHOPALOCERA.

b. Primaries with three large hyaline spots forming an oblique discal fascia ; secondaries
immaculate above, and with the spaces between the nervures greyish-ochreous
beneath.

2. Carystus cynaxa. (Tab. CII. figg. 5, 6, ¢.)

Hesperia cynaxa, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 25 (1868) *.

Alis nigro-fuscis, chalybeo tinctis, anticis maculis tribus magnis in linea obliqua, una subquadrata in cellula,
secunda majore infra eam, tertia subrotunda angulum analem versus, nitide albo-hyalinis: subtus anticis
ut supra, sed costa et apice late posticisque viridi-ochraceis, venis omnibus nigris, posticis margine
interno chalybeo tinctis.

Hab. Mexico! (Mus. Brit.); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

Hewitson’s type of this species is a somewhat worn female, and there is a male of
it in fresh condition from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection. C. cynaxa is perhaps
most nearly allied to C. claudianus (Latr.), C. bursa (Hew.), and C. jolus (Cram.), but
the position of the hyaline spots sufficiently distinguishes it.

c. Primaries with or without small white spots, the secondaries with a large
white patch.

3. Carystus ebusa. (Tab. CII. figg. 7, 8, ¢, var.; 9, 3.)
Papilio ebusa, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 300. ff. C, D'.
Papilio psecas, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 342. ff. F, G?.
Hesperia belistida, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. (8) ii. p. 491°.

Alis nigro-fuscis, posticis macula permagna subtriangulari a margine interno ultra cellulam (illic angustiore)
extensa, ciliisque apicalibus, albis: subtus anticis dilutioribus, apicem versus chalybeo tinctis, costa
ferruginea, macula supra venam submedianam angulum analem versus, aliisque minoribus plus minusve
indistinctis in linea recta apicem versus extendentibus, albis; posticis coloris ejusdem, venis (submediana
excepta) et macula ad cellule finem castaneis, margine externo apicem versus irregulariter castaneo et
chalybeo notatis, ad angulum analem ipso fusco; corpore subtus albo.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).—VeEnEzuELa ; GuIANA1?; Amazons, Paré 3;

Bou ivi.

There is a single male specimen from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection which
we refer to this species. It differs from our southern examples of the same sex in the
absence of the spots on the upper surface of the primaries, but as we have intermediate
forms from Para we have little doubt they all belong to one variable insect. Cramer’s
figure of P. ebusa appears to have been taken from a female, and that of P. psecas from
a male. Our figure of the male insect is taken from the Chiriqui specimen ; that of
the genitalia from an example from Para, for which see Tab. CII. fig. 9.

4. Carystus marcus. (Tab. CII. fig. 10, 3.)
Papilio marcus, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 87 *.
Hesperia marcus, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 7537.
Cobalus marcus, Hubn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. ff. 725, 726°.

CARYSTUS. 585

Alis nigro-fuscis, anticis maculis quinque aut sex, una in cellula, tribus in serie obliqua infra eam, illa inter
ramos medianos primum et secundum maxima, una (interdum duabus) subapicali, omnibus albo-
hyalinis ; posticis plaga subovali transversa ultra cellulam, litura margini interno propiore et ad angulum
analem, albis: subtus anticis pallidioribus, maculis ut supra, illa margini interno proxima multo majore,
fascia obliqua subapicali albida ; posticis canescentibus, fascia a basi, altera valde angulata, ad marginem
externum conjunctis, pallide fuscis; corpore subtus albido.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).—SovuTH

America to Cayenne !? and Brazil 2, Trinidad.

We have nine Central-American specimens of this species before us; they only
differ from those in our long series from South America in having rather more white
at the anal angle of the secondaries above, and the fuscous lines on the underside of
the same wings are fainter *. We have dissected a male from Bugaba and another from
Santarem, and find no difference in their genitalia, for which see ‘Tab. CII. fig. 10.

5. Carystus aurelius. (Tab. CII. figg. 11, 12, 2.)
Hesperia aurelius, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 455°.

C. marco similis, sed posticis plaga discali alba posticarum ad angulum analem extendente et subtus area ad
angulum analem alba, nec fusca.
© mari similis.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Bel¢).—CotomBia; VENEZUELA; Braziu}.

This insect, of which we have two pairs from Chontales, as well as several others
from South America, is scarcely anything more than an extreme form of C. marcus
(Fabr.), from which it differs in having the white discal patch on the upperside of
the secondaries extending to the anal angle, this being particularly noticeable in the
females. The genitalia of the males, two specimens of which have been dissected, do
not differ from those of C. marcus and C. diversus.

6. Carystus diversus. (Tab. CII. figg. 13, 14, .)
-Cobalus diversa, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 79°.
Hesperia diversa, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 454°.
Carystus meon, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belge, xxxv. p. cxx *,
C. marco persimilis, sed subtus venis posticarum marginem externum versus fuscis, nec albis.
© mari similis.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan

de Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui ?.—Botivia; Brazin’.

C. diversus is probably yet another form of C. marcus, from which it differs in having
the nervures of the underside of the secondaries fuscous towards the outer margin.

* C. marcus has by some authors been treated as synonymous with Papilio phyllus, Cram. (which is here
referred to a different genus), but this is a mistake, the latter having a conspicuous brand on the primaries in

the male.

586 | RHOPALOCERA.

d. Primaries and secondaries each with small scattered whitish spots.

7. Carystus fantasos, (Tab. CII. fig. 15, 3.)
Papilio fantasos, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 300. ff. E, F’?; Sepp, Surin. Vlind. ii. t. 82°.
Papilio abebalus, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 365. ff. G, H*.
Hesperia abebalus, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 754*.

Alis nigro-fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in serie obliqua infra cellulam, illa in medio maxima, punctisque
duobus (internum uno) apici propiore, omnibus albo-hyalinis ; posticis fascia ultra cellulam transversa
albida (interdum ochracea): subtus anticis ut supra, sed macula margini interno proxima majore et
fascia ad marginem externum apicem versus albida; posticis canescentibus, venis et macula ad cellule
finem alteraque ad angulum analem fuscis ; corpore subtus albo.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann), Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (Schumann,
H. H. Smith), Jalapa (H. Edwards, coll. Schaus), Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer); British Honpuras, Corosal (Roe); GuateMaia, Polochic Valley
(fF. D. G. & O. S.), Cerro Zunil, Zapote, Panima (Champion); Honpuras (Dyson) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, Chiriqui and Veraguas (ibbe).—
SoutH America to BRAZIL.

With upwards of fifty specimens before us, more than half of which are from
Central America, we are unable to separate C. abebalus from C. fantasos; some
specimens have the band of spots above ochreous, others white, and there are inter-
mediate forms. We have dissected the genitalia of three males from Mexico, for
which see Tab. CII. fig. 15; they are extremely like those of C. marcus.

8. Carystus artona. (Tab. CII. figg. 16, 17,18, 3.)

Hesperia artona, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 27 (1868) '.

Alis fuscis, maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, duabus in cellula, tribus subapicalibus in
linea transversa, omnibus albo-hyalinis ; posticis maculis quatuor in serie transversa ultra cellulam,
albidis: subtus anticis ut supra, sed pallidioribus, plaga albida venam submedianam versus, area costali
et regione apicali griseis; posticis venis omnibus, area costali margineque interno, lineis quoque inter venas,

albo-griseis, aliter purpureo-fuscis, maculis quinque in serie curvata albidis; palpis et corpore subtus

pilis albescentibus ; ciliis posticarum et angulum analem et marginem internum albidis.
© mari similis,

Hab. Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt).—Sourn America to Braz}.

We possess several examples of this species from Nicaragua, and we likewise have
received it from both Guiana and South Brazil. Hewitson’s type was from Rio Janeiro.
Our specimens show very little variation, except that in some of the females there is
one spot only in the cell. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CII. fig. 18.

CARYSTUS.—PARACARYSTUS, 987

e. Primaries with scattered hyaline spots; the secondaries immaculate above, silvery
beneath, crossed by two longitudinal reddish lines.

9. Carystus coryna. (Tab. CII. fig. 19, ¢.)
Hesperia coryna, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soe. (3) ii. p. 494 (1866) *.
Hesperia catargyra, Feld. Reise der Nov., Lep. p. 519, t. 71. f. 19 (1867) ?.

Alis fuscis, anticis costa ferruginea, maculis duabus, una inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, altera
ultra eam, albo-hyalinis: subtus anticis ut supra, sed pallidioribus ; costa et apicem versus ferrugineis
argenteo notatis ; posticis argenteis, costa et fasciis duabus, una per cellulam transeunte, altera margini

_ interno propiore ad marginem externum extendente, ferrugineis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Jalapa, Coatepec (coll. Schaus); GUATEMALA,

Chisoy, Polochic Valley, Salama (fF. D. G. & O. S.), Chiacam, San Gerénimo (Cham-

pion); Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé).—Sourn AMERICA to

Bolivia.

This very distinct species is not uncommon in Central America, whence we possess
various specimens. C. coryna is easily recognized by the silvery underside of the
secondaries divided by two longitudinal rusty-red lines. The type of Z. coryna was
from the Amazons! and those of H. catargyra from Colombia and Venezuela 2.
Southern specimens often have an extra spot on the primaries. For the genitalia of
the male, see Tab. CII. fig. 19.

PARACARYSTUS, gen. nov.

There are three Tropical-American Pamphiline closely related to Carystus that
cannot be included in it, as at present understood. ‘These insects are Hesperia menetriesi,
Latr. (=H. rona, Hew.), Phiebodes koza, Butl., and Codalus hypargyra, H.-S.; the
last-mentioned, and the only one entering our limits, is taken as the type of the present
genus. ‘The secondaries are peculiarly coloured beneath, considerably produced at
the anal angle, and the cell is comparatively short; the primaries are produced and
somewhat pointed at the tip in the male; and the genitalia are very peculiarly formed
in this sex, the harpes being produced into a long curved piece. The neuration of the
_ wings (Tab. CII. fig. 22) is like that of Carystus coryna (Hew.).

The antenne are rather more than half the length of the costa, and have a slender
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is short and conical.
The primaries are produced at the apex, somewhat pointed in the male and blunt in
the female, the costa arched at the base; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, the upper one twice the length of the
lower, the latter being of about the same length as the third median segment; the first
branch arises before the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little
distance before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal

588 . RHOPALOCERA.

angle; the cell is less than half the length of the wing; the discocellulars are faint
and transverse. The body is moderately stout. The middle tibiz are conspicuously

spined, and the hind tibiz have two pairs of spurs. The primaries (Tab. CII. fig. 22)
are without a brand.

1. Paracarystus hypargyra. (ab. CII. figg. 20-23, ¢.)
Cobalus hypargyra, Herr.-Schiff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. p. 81 (1869) *.

Alis fuscis, maculis tribus in serie obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, ea in medio maxima, alia in cellula,
punctisque duobus (interdum uno) in linea transversa subapicalibus, albo-hyalinis; posticis area costali
pilis obscuris vestitis : subtus anticis ut supra, apicem versus griseo tinctis, posticis (venis exceptis) argenteo-

ceruleis ; tegulis rufis ; palpis et corpore subtus albidis.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe).—Gutana ; AMAzons; BRazi..

We have nine examples of this species, one only of which is from our country.
P. hypargyra is very like P. menetriesi (Latr.) and P. koza (Butl.) on the upperside,
but the secondaries are very differently coloured beneath.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us specimens of this insect from the Amazons under the
name of Pamphila hypargyra, H.-S., and we have a single male from Chiriqui agreeing
with them, as well as others from Brazil.

Our single female from Ega is much paler and shows a distinct series of greyish
streaks on the secondaries above towards the apex. For the genitalia of the male, see
Tab. CII. fig. 23.

ZENIS, gen. nov.

We take Hesperia minos, Latr., as the type of this genus, which will probably also
include Carystus ozota, Butl.; the former is a widely distributed insect in Tropical
America, the latter inhabits Venezuela and Brazil. It differs from Carystus in having the
primaries narrower, with the outer margin concave, the first branch arising from nearer
the base of the median nervure, and the second median segment very elongate; the
males are without a brand (as in Carystus), but have a pencil of long hairs beneath the
first median branch. we |

The antennz are less than half the length of the costa, and have a moderately stout
club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi have their third Joint short and erect.
The primaries are narrow and elongate, concave on the outer margin, blunt at the
apex ; the costa is slightly arched at the base, then straight to the apex; the cell is a
little less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique,
the upper one three times as long as the tower, the latter of the same length as the
third median segment; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch
arises considerably before the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the
lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the cell
is not quite half the length of the wing; the discocellulars are faint. The body is

ZENIS.—VETTIUS. 589

rather slender. The middle tibia are without spines; the hind tibise have two pairs
of spurs. The primaries of the male are without trace of a brand, but they have a
pencil of long hairs beneath the first median branch in this sex, these in repose being
partly hidden in a longitudinal fold of the wing.

We refer (. ozota with some hesitation to this genus, females only of it having been
seen. Both this species and Z. minos have large white discal spots on each wing above,
and a transverse whitish band on the secondaries beneath.

1. Zenis minos, (Tab. CII. figg. 24-27, 3.)
Hesperia minos, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 756".

Alis nigro-fuscis, anticis maculis duabus, una in cellula elongata, altera majore infra eam et ab illa vena
mediana tantum divisa, quatuor aut quinque subapicalibus in linea arcuata, infima maxima, albo-hyalinis,
sub vena mediana valde penicillatis ; posticis fascia transversa discali albida: subtus ut supra, sed pallidior-
ibus et rufo tinctis, posticis fascia transversa albida ad marginem internum interrupta et interdum ochraceo
suffusa ; palpis subtus pilis pallide griseis, corpore nigrescente ; ciliis ad angulum analem alarum griseis.

@ mari similis, sed major.
Hab. Muxtco, Coatepec, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua,

Chisoy and Polochic Valleys (F. D. G. & O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belé); Costa

Rica (Van Patten), Rio Sucio (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribse), Bugaba (Champion).—

Cotomsia; Gorana; Braziu!.

Of this distinct species we have a very long series. both from Central and South
America. We notice some variation in the shape of the discal spots of the primaries:
in some specimens they are considerably larger and more angular than in others, but
this does not appear to be associated with locality. The transverse band on the upper-
side of the secondaries is broader in Brazilian examples, but we have intermediate
specimens between these extremes. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CII.
fig. 27.

VETTIUS, gen. nov.

We separate from Carystus various Tropical-American forms which have a small
conspicuous double brand on the primaries in the male. Papilio phyllus, Cram., is
taken as the type of the present genus, which will also include Hesperia lafresnayi, Latr.,
H. laurea, Hew., Cobalus triangularis, Hibn., and Carystus jabesa, Butl. Two of the
species enter the southern part of Central America.

The antenne are very long, about reaching the end of the cell, and have an elongate
club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi have the third joint short and bluntly
conical. The primaries are moderately elongate, blunt at the tip; the cell is con-
siderably less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly
oblique, the upper one more than three times the length of the lower, the latter short
and not longer than the third median segment ; the lower radial is much depressed at
the base ; the first branch arises considerably before the middle of the median nervure,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IT., January 1901. 4G

590 RHOPALOCERA.

the second near the lower angle of the cell, the second median segment being a little
longer than the first. The secondaries are produced at the anal angle ; the cell is less
than half the length of the wing; the discocellulars are oblique and faint. The middle
tibize are spined, and the hind tibiae have two pairs of spurs. The body is rather stout.
The primaries of the male have a triangular brand in the angle between the base of
the first median branch and the second median segment (this being much less extended
beneath the second median segment in V. lafresnayi), and immediately below it there
is a second longitudinal piece.

1. Vettius phyllus. (Tab. CII. figg. 28, 29, ¢.)
Papiho phyllus, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 176. ff. B, C’.
Carystus phyllus, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 296, t. 99. fig.’

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis costa ad basin ferruginea, maculis tribus, una in cellula, secunda
maxima ct subquadrata infra eam inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia inter ramos medianos
secundum et tertium, punctisque duobus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis, macula
elongata in vena submediana alba, litura dimidio basali marginis interni cerulescente ; posticis striga
angusta a basi angulum analem versus extendente fasciaque mediana cerulescentibus, hac ultra cellulam
venis divisa albescente: subtus anticis ut supra, sed pallidioribus, costa ferruginea, fascia transversa
subapicali flava ; posticis regione costali late et margine interiore anguste ferrugineis, ad apicem et fascia a
basi per cellulam ad marginem externum extendente flavis, linea albida margini interiori propiore ; capite
albo maculatis, palpis et corpore subtus albescentibus.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui? (ex Staudinger), Bugaba (Champion)—Sovuta AMERICA to
BRAZIL.

We have seen two malesand one female of this species from within our limits ; they
differ from our more southern specimens in having the fulvous marking on the
costal margin of the secondaries beneath more extended and the yellow stripes are
darker. Cramer’s type’ was from Surinam. Hesperia laurea, Hew., is a very closely
allied form, but differs in having the fuscous coloration at the anal angle of the
secondaries beneath much more diffused. We figure the fore wing of a male of
V. phyllus (Tab. CII. fig. 28), to show the form of the brand; also the genitalia, for
which see Tab. CII. fig. 29. |

2. Vettius lafresnayi. (Tab. CII. figg. 30, 31, 32, 3.)
Hesperia lafrenaye, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 753".
Cobalus pica, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 78°.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate inconspicuo, anticis macula parva in cellula, tribus in serie obliqua infra eam,
prima maxima et subquadrata, puncto uno (aut duobus) subapicali, albo-hyalinis; posticis plaga magna
irregulari elongata albida: subtus anticis ut supra, macula alba super venam submedianam et apicem versus
griseo tinctis; posticis fuscis, fascia. subtriangulari transversa alba, latissima ad marginem internum
et macula fusca notata; posticis ad angulum analem ciliis albis; corpore subtus albo.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Sovurn America to Brazil 1.

VETTIUS.—C@LIADES. 591

Through the kindness of Dr. Staudinger we are able to include this species in
our fauna, as he has lent us a pair from Panama, and he has also sent us for
examination the type (@) of Cobalus pica, Herrich-Schiffer. V. lafresnayi is a very
close ally of V. triangularis (Hiibn.), from which, however, it differs in its larger size
and in having one or two hyaline spots in the cell. It may be separated at once from
V. phyllus by the very dissimilar coloration of the underside of the secondaries. For
the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CII. fig. 32.

CQELIADES.
Celiades, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 106 (1816) ; Scudder, Proc. Am. Ac, Sci. x. p. 145 (1875).

We follow Scudder in taking Papilio dudius, Cram. (=Phlebodes virga, Butl.), as
the type of this genus, which was not identified by Watson, and it will also include
Hesperia fiscella, Hew.; both are from Tropical America, the last-mentioned entering
our limits. It seems best placed near Carystws, from which it differs in having a very
conspicuous brand on the primaries of the male; the antennz are also more elongate
and have a very long crook, and the lower discocellular of the secondaries is longer and
much more oblique. In both species the primaries have a steely lustre on their outer
half (not visible in Carystus), and the secondaries have a narrow, transverse, sharply
defined, whitish band on the underside, this being sometimes very much reduced in
C, dubius. The brand is not unlike that of the species of the genus Hutychide, except
that the piece beneath the first median branch is absent.

The antennz are very elongate, reaching nearly as far as the end of the cell, and
have a slender club, terminating in a very long crook. ‘The palpi have the third
joint very short and almost concealed. ‘The primaries are elongate, slightly concave on
the outer margin, rounded at the tip; the costa is arched at the base, straight towards
the apex; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
are strongly oblique, the lower one much shorter than the upper, the latter of the same
length as the third median segment ; the lower radial is slightly depressed at the base ;
the first branch arises slightly before the middle of the median nervure, the second not
far from the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are feebly lobed at the anal
angle; the discocellulars are faint, the lower one very oblique and three times the
length of the upper. The body is rather slender. The legs are elongate; the middle
tibiee are without spines, and the hind tibize have two pairs of very long spurs. The
primaries of the male (Tab. CII. fig. 35) have a brand formed of three stout pieces :
(1) a short longitudinal streak beneath the second median segment ; (2) a similar but
longer streak above the first median branch at some distance from its point of origin
(these two pieces more extended towards the base of the wing and forming a long
>-shaped mark in C. fiscella, the upper one sometimes absent in C. dubius) ; (3) a still

longer streak above the submedian nervure, extending toa third or more of its length.
4@2

592 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Oceliades fiscella. (‘I'ab. CII. figg. 33-36, o.)
Hesperia fiscella, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 77 (1877) ’.
Carystus balteatus, Mab. in litt. *

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis dimidio distali nitente chalybeis, maculis tribus, una in cellula,
secunda supra, et tertia maxima infra eam, tribus minoribus in serie curvata apicem propioribus, una
quoque ad medium vene submediane, omnibus albo-hyalinis; posticis fascia indistincta cellule finem
transeunte: subtus anticis fuscis, maculis ut supra, costa et apice late posticisque (nisi ad angulum
analem) castaneis, fascia transversa pagine superioris posticarum magis distincta et flavescente, anticis
ad cost medium ochraceo pictis ; palpis subtus pilis brunneis vestitis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe & coll. Staudinger),

Lion Hill (1/‘Leannan).—Amazons, Para !.

This species is a close ally of C. dubiws (Cram.), from which it differs in having
more numerous and larger hyaline spots on the primaries and a broader band on the
secondaries. The six Central-American specimens seen agree with Hewitson’s type.
Dr. Staudinger has sent us examples of it under the MS. name of Carystus balteatus,
Mab. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CII. fig. 36.

DION, gen. nov.

Carystus gemmatus, Butl., is one of the numerous Tropical-American Pamphiline
which will not fall into any of the genera adopted by Watson, and we are therefore
compelled to make it the type of a new genus; it may be remarked, however, that we
possess two or three unnamed South-American forms which perhaps belong here.
It approaches Celiades, but has a very differently formed brand on the primaries in
the male. D. gemmatus is remarkable from the fact that it has metallic-blue spots
on the secondaries beneath.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. The palpi have the third joint very short and concealed.
The primaries are elongate, arched on the costa, and blunt at the tip; the cell is less
than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one
much longer than the lower, the latter a little shorter than the third median segment ;
the lower radial is slightly depressed at the base; the first branch arises before the
middle of the median nervure, the second at some little distance before the lower angle
of the cell. The secondaries are lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint.
The body is rather slender. The middle tibie are spined and the hind tibie have
two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a conspicuous, oblique, and
slightly curved brand, extending from the base of the second median branch to the
submedian nervure a little before the middle.

DION.—FLACCILLA. | 593.

1. Dion gemmatus, (Tab. CII. figg. 37, 38, ¢.)
Carystus gemmatus, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 867.

Alis brunneo-fuscis, stigmate griseo: subtus anticis dimidio apicali, venis exceptis, multo pallidiore ; posticis
nigrescentioribus, maculis tribus vel quatuor in linea transversa ultra cellulam ceruleis, maculis quatuor
submarginalibus, et alia inter venam medianam et submedianam ad cellule finem, rufo-ferrugineis ;
capite et corpore subtus nigro-fuscis.

2 ignota.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé).

We possess three worn specimens of this species, including the type, all of which are
males. For the genitalia, see Tab. CII. fig. 38.

B. Terminal joint of the palpi long and erect *,

FLACCILLA, gen. nov.

Papilio ecas, Cram., which we take as the type of this genus, is nearly allied to
Carystus, but differs from it in having long erect palpi, a conspicuous treble brand
on the primaries in the male, and the discocellulars of these wings are almost equal
in length.

The antenne are nearly two-thirds the length of the costa, and have a rather slender
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is long, erect, and
pointed. The primaries are elongate, arched on the costa at the base, and blunt at
the tip; the cell is about two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
strongly oblique and about equal in length, the lower one much longer than the third
median segment ; the first branch arises about the middle of the median nervure, the
second at some little distance before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the cell is a little more than half the length of
the wing; the discocellulars are faint, the lower one oblique. The body is rather
slender. The middle tibize are without spines and the hind tibie have two pairs of
spurs. ‘The primaries of the male have an elongate, slender, >-shaped brand in the
angle between the second median segment and the first median branch, a longitudinal
streak immediately below this, and a third still longer streak along the upper edge of
the submedian nervure ; the secondaries have a fringe of long hairs along the upper
edge of the abdominal fold in this sex.

1. Flaccilla wcas. (Tab. CII. figg. 39, 40, ¢.)
Papilio ecas, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 343. ff. A, B'.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis duabus in cellula elongatis, tribus infra et ultra cellulam in
linea obliqua, una submediana, secunda majore inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra

* Very slender in the genus Callimormus and others.

594 . RHOPALOCERA.

eam, una quoque parva subapicali, omnibus albo-hyalinis: subtus obscure fuscis, anticis costa et apice
et posticis (margine interno excepto) chalybeo-ceruleo lavatis, venis albidis notatis, margine interno
posticarum late pallide fusco, his maculis indistinctis serie submarginali albidis; palpis et abdomine
subtus coloris ejusdem ; ciliis griseis.

¢ mari similis.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Sovrn America to Brazil.

Of this well-known Tropical-American species there is a single specimen from
Panama in Dr. Staudinger’s collection, and we therefore have to include it in our
list. We give a figure of the fore wing of the male (Tab. OI. fig. 39), to show the
position of the brand; also one of the genitalia, for which see Tab. CII. fig. 40.

CYMANES.
Cymenes, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 82 (1872); Proc. Am. Ac. Sci. x. p. 151.

Scudder places under this name two Cuban insects, Cobalus tripunctus, H.-S., and
Goniloba malitiosa, H.-S.. we have seen the types of these ; that of the first-mentioned
is a female, now without body or palpi, and we therefore take the second species as
the type of Cymenes; moreover, C. tripunctus probably belongs to Codalus as here
understood. The genus also includes Hesperia silius, Latr., Cobalus lutulenta, H.-S.,
Pamphila pericles, Moschl., P. berus, Mab., and one new species described below * ;
C. pericles alone not entering our limits. These five species agree very well in their
general characters, the structure of the genitalia included; it is quite possible,
however, that some of them will prove to be nothing more than varieties.

The antenne are long, and have an elongate club, terminating in a moderately long
crook, The palpi are densely clothed with scales; the third joint is long and erect.
The primaries are rather long, blunt at the tip; the costa is strongly arched at the
base, thence straight to the apex; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one a little longer than the lower,
the latter slightly longer than the third median segment ; the first branch arises from
the middle of the median nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the cell.
The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the discocellulars are very faint and
form an angle inwards at their point of junction. The body is rather slender, as
are also the legs. The middle tibie are without spines and the hind tibize have two
pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male are without trace of a brand.

* We also have a single specimen from Chiriqui of yet another species that probably belongs here, but as
it is without a body and the antenne are broken, we refrain from describing it.

CYMZENES. 595

a. Primaries above uniformly fuscous, or without definite markings.

1. Cymeenes malitiosa. (Tab. CII. figg. 41, 42, 43, 3.)
Goniloba malitiosa, Herr.-Schaff. Corresp.-Blatt Regensb. xix. p. 54 (1865) *.
Cymenes malitiosa, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 82 (1872) *.

Alis fuscis, immaculatis: subtus pallidioribus, anticis costa et apice posticisque omnino rufo-fusco irroratis,
posticis fascia irregulari transversa lata ad costam venam submedianam versus extendente coloris ejusdem,
interdum area interna squamis griseis vestitis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mxxico, Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H. H. Smith) ;

GuaTEMALA, Santa Maria, Pacific slope (Richardson), Panima and Purula in Vera

Paz, Zapote (Champion); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Costa Rica, Caché

(Rogers).— Cua },

We have identified this species from the Cuban type lent us by Dr. Staudinger,
which, however, is in a very mutilated condition. On the upperside it resembles
C. lutulenta, but beneath the secondaries are ifferently coloured. Our series contains
twelve specimens, including both sexes. In the single male from Orizaba there is a
faint oblique fulvous band on the primaries above; this specimen very much resembles
C. silius, from which it may be readily separated by the markings on the secondaries
beneath. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CII. fig. 43.

2. Cymznes lutulenta. (Tab. CII. figg. 44, 45, ¢.)
Cobalus lutulenta, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 83°.

Alis fuscis, unicoloribus: subtus anticis pallidioribus, posticis albidis rufo-brunneo irroratis, margine costali
lato, interne exciso, coloris eyusdem.
‘2 mari similis. ,
Hab. Panama, Rio Candelaria (mus. Staudinger).—CoLoMBIA ; VENEZUELA.

There is a specimen of this insect from Panama in Dr. Staudinger’s collection, but
all our own, to the number of five, are from more southern localities. We have
identified the species from a male in Dr. Kaden’s collection, now in our possession,
labelled as the type. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CII. fig. 45.

6. Primaries above with definite fulvous markings, at least in the male.

3. Cymeznes syraces, sp.n. (Tab. CIII. figg. 1, 2, 3, 3.)

Alis fuscis, anticis fascia obliqua venis divisa ultra cellulam repente angulata marginem costalem versus,
macula parva et striga elongata in cellula, fulvis, posticis area interna squamis ochraceis tectis: subtus
anticis ut supra, apice irregulariter griseo irroratis ; posticis griseis, fusco marmoratis, maculis duabus,
una magna in costa subtriangulari, altera minore discali, nigro-fuscis; ciliis griseis, ad fines venarum
omnium nigro-fusco maculatis.

- mari similis,

596 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad, Milpas, and Ventanas, all in Durango (Forrer), Rio Papagaio,
Dos Arroyos, and Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Lake Chapala
(Richardson), Jalapa (coll. Schaus); Guatemata, Santa Maria, Pacific slope
(Richardson), San Gerénimo (Champion).

The above description is taken from five brightly-coloured specimens from North-
western Mexico; we have others from the same region which are much darker, with —
the underside of the secondaries ochraceous (instead of greyish), and the spots, confluent,
forming an irregular band, and between these we have many intermediate examples.
Our series contains fourteen specimens, including both sexes. The genitalia of the
male scarcely differ from those of C. malitiosa and C. lutulenta, see Tab. CII. fig. 3
A male insect from Dos Arroyos is also shown on our Plate.

4. Cymeenes silius. (Tab. CIII. figg. 4, 5, 6, ¢.)
Hesperia silius, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 764’.
? Pamphila silius, Dewitz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1877, p. 248, t. 1. f. 5%.

Alis fuscis, anticis fascia obliqua venis divisa a margine interno apicem versus extendente, illic angustiore,
fulva, in costa squamis coloris ejusdem tectis: subtus anticis fuscis, fascia obliqua ut supra et costa
latiore, fulvis ; posticis obscure ochraceis, fusco irroratis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan (coll.

Schaus), Valladolid and Temax in Yucatan (Gaumer); Costa Rica (mus. nostr.) ;

Panama (bbe, in mus. Staudinger).—CotomBia ; Guiana; Braz}.

We have applied the name of C. silius to this insect with some hesitation, though
we possess specimens from Brazil, whence the type came, which agree with Latreille’s
brief description, and with these we associate others from Central America. Herr
Dewitz has described and figured 2 a female insect under this name from Puerto Rico,
but we doubt if it really belongs to our species. C. sidius closely resembles C. berus,
but differs from it in having a rather narrower oblique fulvous band on the primaries
above, and the secondaries are paler beneath; the male genitalia, too, are slightly
dissimilar in form, see Tab. CIII. fig. 6. It is also very nearly allied to C. malitiosa,
but the primaries always have a distinct oblique fulvous band in both sexes, and the
secondaries are paler beneath and want the dark markings.

5. Cymeenes berus. (Tab. CIII. figg. 7, 8,9, o; 10, var., ¢.)

Pamphila berus, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 145, f. 2 (3) '.

Pamphila insidiosa, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. clxxxv (9?) *.

C. silio similis, sed anticis colore fulvo latiore et posticis (nisi in costa) squamis coloris ejusdem tectis: subtus
rufo-fuscis, anticis fascia obliqua ut supra, marginem internum versus pallide ochraceis aut griseis ;
posticis brunneo-ferrugineis, in area discali et margine externo interdum squamis schistaceo-griseis
vestitis.

Q supra mari similis, sed colore fulvo fere obsoleto.

CYM ZNES.—MNASEAS. 597

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui!? (er Staudinger).—
CoLoMBIA; Braziu.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us the type of Pamphila berus—a male from Chiriqui,—
and we possess a long series from Costa Rica, as well as others from South America,
agreeing with it. C. berus is very like C. silius, but the secondaries are darker beneath,
and the fulvous band on the upperside of the primaries of the female is obsolete.
The Costa Rican examples have the underside of the primaries ochreous towards the
‘anal angle, and that of secondaries with a more or less distinct, attenuate, dark band
extending inward from the costal margin near the apex. The females appear to differ
from the same sex of C. malitiosa in the paler anal angle of the underside of the fore
wings. Dr. Staudinger has also sent us specimens of it under the names of Pamphila
silius, Latreille, from Brazil, and P. enstdiosa, Mabille, from Chiriqui.

We figure a typical male of C. derus from Chiriqui (Tab. CIII. figg. 7, 8); also a
brightly-coloured specimen of the same sex from Caché, Costa Rica (fig. 10), and the
genitalia of another example from the same locality, for which see Tab. CIII. fig. 9.

MNASEAS, gen. nov.

Thymelicus bicolor, Mab., from Central America, is taken as the type of this genus.
It is very like Mastor, but has a longer and more slender terminal joint to the palpi, a
shorter club to the antenne, the brand on the primaries of the male more oblique, and
the genitalia in this sex totally different in form. Mnaseas would perhaps be better
placed near that genus, but in the form of the palpi it approaches Cymenes.

The antenne are less than half the length of the costa, and have an elongate, stout,
gradually thickened club, terminating in a moderately long crook. The third joint of
the palpi is long, erect, and rather slender. The primaries are short and blunt at the
tip; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
are strongly oblique, the upper one much longer than the lower; the lower radial is
depressed at the base ; the first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure,
the second close to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are rounded at the
anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. The middle tibiz are spined, and the hind
tibize have two pairs of spurs. The body is stout. The primaries of the male have a
very narrow oblique interrupted brand extending from the base of the second median
branch to the submedian nervure at about one-third from the base.

1. Mnaseas bicolor. (Tab. CIII. fige. 11, 12, 13, ¢. )
Thymelicus bicolor, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 174, f. 4°.
Alis nitide fuscis, stigmate concolore : subtus pallidiore, anticis costa et apice posticisque (nisi margine interno)

ferrugineis ; palpis subtus griseis ; antennis subtus ad clave basin flavidis ; ciliis sordide ochraceis,
mari similis: subtus alis obscurioribus.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., February 1901. 4H

598 - -RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Mexico (mus. nostr.); GuateMaLa, Panzos (Champion) ; Honpuras ( Wittkugel,
in mus, Staudinger 1); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt)—CotomBia, Bonda (H. H. Smith,
in Mus. Pittsburgq.).

Our description of the male is taken from two type-specimens from Honduras lent
us by Dr. Staudinger, and one from Panzos in our own possession ; the females from
Nicaragua and Mexico are both imperfect, but we have seen one from Colombia in
good condition. WM. bicolor very closely resembles Mastor anubis, but differs from it
in having a narrow oblique brand on the primaries of the male, and also in having a
longer and more slender terminal joint to the palpi.

Our figure of the male insect is taken from one of the types from Honduras. For
the genitalia (from the Panzos specimen), see Tab. CIII. fig. 13.

METHIONOPSIS, gen. nov.

The two small Tropical-American species referred to this genus are of a uniform
nigro-fuscous colour above, in this respect not differing from many other Pam philine
inhabiting the same region. We take IM. modestus as the type *. Methionopsis may
be recognized chiefly by the long, erect, terminal joint of the palpi, the long antenne,
with long crook, the equal length of the discocellulars of the primaries, and the form
of the brand in the male.

The antenne are half, or more than half, the length of the costa, and have an
elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is. long, erect,
and pointed. ‘Ihe primaries are rather elongate, and blunt at the tip; the cell is less
than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, equal in length ;
the lower radial is not depressed at the base; the first branch arises about the middle
of the median nervure, and the second close to the lower angle of the cell. The
secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the cell is half the length of the wing; the
discocellulars are oblique and very faint. ‘he body is rather slender. The middle
tibize are without spines and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of
the male (Tab. CIIT. fig. 15) have the brand formed of two portions: one, a very long
slender >-shaped piece, the upper arm of which runs the whole length of the second
median segment to considerably beyond the base of the second median branch, the
lower arm being much shorter; the other, a slender longitudinal streak immediately
below the first median branch. In M. typhon the brand is reduced to a long streak
below the second median segment and a short one beneath the first median branch.

In the neuration of the wings this genus approaches Amblyscirtes, Butleria, &c. The
terminal joint of the palpi is a little stouter and shorter than in Callimormus. The male
genitalia are very similarly formed in the two species.

* In Dr. Staudinger’s collection there is a male of an unnamed species from the Rio San Juan, Colombia,
very like Jf. modestus, but it is much larger and has longer antenna. |

METHIONOPSIS.—EUTOCUS. 599

1. Methionopsis modestus, sp. n. (Tab. CIII. figg. 14, 15, 16, ¢.)
Cobalus philemon, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 272, t. 3. f. 11 (nec Fabr.) '.
Pamphila modesta, Staud. in litt.’

Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate concolore : subtus ut supra, sed anticis margine interno pallidiore ; ciliis
fuscis ; palpis pilis griseis et fuscis intermixtis vestitis ; antennis subtus ad clave basin griseis,

2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos and Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa
(47. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes); Guaremaua, Zapote (Champion); Honpuras
(Dyson, in Mus. Brit.1); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger), Taboga I. and Panama
city (J. J. Walker),—Souta America to Brazil.

Of this obscure species we have a long series from Mexico, as well as from many
other more southern localities. Dr. Staudinger has sent us specimens of it under the
MS. name Pamphila modesta, and one as P. umber (Herrich-Schaffer) ; this latter name,
however, we have provisionally applied to a different species.

We have examined the Fabrician type of Papilio philemon, Fabr., in the Banksian
collection, as well as the Honduras specimen in the British Museum referred to it by
Dr. Butler, and find that they belong to different genera; the first-mentioned has a
‘short, and the latter a long and erect, terminal joint to the palpi.

We figure a male insect from Teapa, also the fore wing and the genitalia, for which
latter see Tab. CIILI. fig. 16.

2. Methionopsis typhon, sp. n. (Tab. CIII. fig. 17, ¢ .)

Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, sed purpureo tinctie, anticis margine
interno pallidiore; palpis fuscis, pilis quibusdem aureis intermixtis.
@ nobis ignota.

Hab. GuateMaLa, Zapote (Champion).

Our collection contains four rather worn males of this species. It is very like
M. modestus, but smaller, the brand is less developed, and the first median branch is
further from the base, so that the second median segment is much shorter.

For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIII. fig. 17.

EUTOCUS, gen. nov.

Two very small Tropical-American species are referred to this genus, which is
perhaps nearest allied to Methionopsis, but differs from it in the form of the brand
on the primaries of the male, as well as in the neuration of these wings. Both are
of a uniform nigro-fuscous colour above, with the underside slightly paler. We take
E. phthia as the type.

The antennz are rather more than half the length of the costa, and have an elongate
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is elongate, erect, and
pointed. The primaries are narrow, moderately long, and blunt at the tip; the cell is

4H 2

600 RHOPALOCERA.

three-fifths the length of the costa ; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one much
longer than the lower; the lower radial is considerably depressed at the base; the
first branch arises about the middle of the median nervure, the second from the lower
angle of the cell, the third being almost in a line with the median nervure. The
secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the cell is half the length of the wing; the
discocellulars are oblique and very faint. The body is slender. The middle tibie are
without spines, the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male
(Lab. CIII. fig. 19) have a conspicuous sagittiform brand in the angle between the
second median segment and the first median branch.

1. Eutocus phthia, sp.n. (Tab. CIII. figg. 18, 19, 20, 3.)

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis squamis nonnullis ultra cellulam fulvis: subtus anticis margine
interno pallidiore, costa et apice posticisque squamis fulvis sparsim vestitis ; palpis pilis aureis et fuscis
intermixtis vestitis ; antennis ad clave basin flavo annulatis.

©? mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, San Lorenzo, near Cordova (IM. Trujillo), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H.
Smith) ; GuateMa.a, Panima (Champion); Nicaracua (Belt) ; Costa Rica, Caché, Rio
Sucio, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—
Sours AMERICA to Guiana.

A common insect in Central America, long series of it having been received from
Teapa, Caché, &c. . phthia is so like Methionopsis modestus that it would certainly
be confused with it, unless the form of the brand and neuration were taken into
account; it is, however, considerably smaller.

Our figures are taken from Teapa specimens. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. CIII. fig. 20.

2. Eutocus volasus, sp. n.

Alis fuliginoso-nigris immaculatis, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, sed paulo rufescentioribus, anticis
dimidio interiore presertim apud angulum analem pallidiore, regione costali, apice, posticisque omnino,
squamis ochraceis sparsim vestitis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

We have taken our description of this obscure species from a single male specimen
(without palpi) lent us by Dr. Staudinger under the name of Pamphila volasus,
Mabille, but we are unable to find that this name has ever been published *. E. volasus
is very like E. phthia, but the wings are redder beneath and have some widely scattered
ochreous scales; the brand on the primaries, moreover, is less distinct.

* Proteides volesus, Mab., from Bogota, must be a very different insect.

EPEUS. 601

EPEUS, gen. nov.

The single Central-American species referred to this genus is an isolated form, and
cannot be included in any of the other genera enumerated here. In the neuration
of the primaries it approaches Butleria, which, however, has very differently formed
antenne and palpi. From the numerous small Tropical-American species, of a
uniformly fuscous colour above, it may be distinguished by the comparatively short
cell of the primaries, which have the second and third median branches arising from
the lower angle of the cell, and the brand in the male formed by two longitudinal
streaks, one extending beyond the end of the cell, the other reaching to near the base
of the wing.

The antenne are about half the length of the costa, and have an elongate gradually
thickened club, terminating in a long crook. ‘The palpi have their third joint long,
conical, and erect. The primaries are blunt at the tip, and have the costa arched at the
base; the cell is three-fifths the length of the costa; the discocellulars are transverse,
the upper one a little longer than the lower; the lower radial is slightly depressed
at the base; the first branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second
and third from the lower angle of the cell, the last almost in a line with the end of
the median nervure. The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the cell is half
the length of the wing; the discocellulars are very faint. ‘The body is slender. The
middle tibie are without spines, the hind tibia have two pairs of spurs. The primaries
of the male (Tab. CIII. fig. 22) have a conspicuous brand, formed of two longitudinal
pieces, one extending the whole length of the second median segment to beyond the
base of the second median branch, the other running from near the proximal end of
the first median segment to beyond the base of the first median branch.

The males have, in addition to the brand, a fringe of very long hairs along the inner
edge of the abdominal fold of the secondaries.

1. Epeus veleda, sp. n. (Tab. CIII. figg. 21, 22, 23, ¢.)

Alis nigro-fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate concolore ; posticis margine interiore pilis elongatis : subtus ut supra,
sed (nisi dimidio interiore anticarum) squamis minutis ochraceis sparsim vestitis ; palpis pilis aureis et
fuscis intermixtis ; antennis subtus ad clave basin ochraceis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla (#. D. G.), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); GUATEMALA,

Panima in Vera Paz, Zapote (Champion); Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger) ;

PanaMa, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

A common insect in Central America, of which we possess upwards of sixty examples.

Our figures are taken from Teapa specimens. For the genitalia of the male, see
Tab. CIII. fig. 23.

602 RHOPALOCEBA.

MNASICLES, gen. nov.

This is another genus based upon two small Central-American species, both of
which are uniformly fuscous on the upperside. Its chief characters are the long,
pointed, erect, terminal joint of the palpi, the elongate antenne, with long crook, and |
the oblique narrow interrupted brand on the primaries of the male, in which sex also
there is, in WM. geta, which we take as the type, a dense fringe of very long hairs on the
inner margin of the abdominal fold of the secondaries. |

The antenne are rather more than half the length of the costa, and have an elongate
club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is long, slender, erect,
and pointed. The primaries are rather short, and blunt at the tip ; the cell is less than
two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are transverse, the lower one about
half the length of the upper ; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base ; the first
branch arises from the middle of the median nervure, the second immediately before
the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the
discocellulars are oblique and very faint. The body is rather slender. The middle
tibize are without spines and the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. The primaries
of the male (Tab. CIII. fig. 25) have an indistinct, narrow, oblique, interrupted brand
extending from the base of the second branch to near the middle of the submedian
nervure.

The form of the brand sufficiently distinguishes this genus from both Methionopsis
and Epeus.

1. Mnasicles geta, sp.n. (Tab. CIII. figg. 24, 25, 26, 3.)

Alis obscure fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate concolore: subtus vix pallidioribus, anticis margine interno et
externo, posticis dimidio basali et margine externo, squamis sparsis schistaceo-griseis tectis ; palpis pilis
fuscis et griseis intermixtis vestitis ; antennis subtus clave basin ochraceis.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla (/. D. G.), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Coatepec (coll. Schaus),

Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Zapote (Champion) ; Honpuras, San Pedro
(Whately) ; Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

Sent us in abundance from Eastern Mexico and more sparingly from Guatemala
and Costa Rica. Its chief distinguishing characters are the dense fringe of Jong
hairs on the inner margin of the secondaries in the male and the bluish-grey mottling
of the same wings beneath. M. getu is extremely like Epeus veleda, the general
shape of the wings and the coloration of the upper surface being exactly similar, but
may be separated from it at a glance by the very different shape of the brand, as
well as by the neuration, the colour of the underside, and other particulars. Our

figures are taken from Teapa specimens. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIII.
fig. 26.

MNASICLES.—CALLIMORMUS. 603

2. Mnasicles hicetaon, sp. n. (Tab. CIII. fig. 27, 3.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus pallidioribus, anticis area mediana obscuriore, costa et apice
anticarum late, posticisque omnino, squamis ochraceis sparsim tectis; palpis et corpore subtus_pilis
griseis vestitis.

' © ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer), Vera Cruz (Ff. D. G.).

We have placed three male insects under this name, the one from Durango being
in very bad condition.

M. hicetaon may readily be known from J. geta by the different coloration of the
underside of the secondaries, as well as by the absence of the fringe of long hairs
on the upperside of these wings in this sex. For the genitalia of the male, see
Tab. CII. fig. 27.

CALLIMORMUS.
Callimormus, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 74 (1872) ; Proc. Am. Ac. Sci. x. p. 181.

The type of this genus is C. guventus, Scudd., from Panama, the original specimen
of which, a female, we have examined. Ancyloxypha gracilis and A. corades, Feld., and
Apaustus filata, Plétz, also belong here, as well as some other Tropical-American
forms. The species are all of small size, with very long, slender, erect, terminal joint
to the palpi, long antenne, with a long crook, and narrow primaries, which in the
male have a brand formed of two longitudinal streaks.

The antenne are half or more than half the length of the costa, and have an
elongate club, terminating in a long crook. ‘The third joint of the palpi is very long,
slender, erect, and pointed. The primaries are narrow, blunt at the tip; the cell is
less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper
one a little longer than the lower; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first
branch arises about the middle of the median nervure, the second immediately before
the lower angle of the cell, the third median segment thus being extremely short.
The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the cell is broad, and half the length
of the wing; the discocellulars are transverse and very faint. The body is slender.
The middle tibie with (C. corades) or without (C. juventus) spines, the hind tibie with
two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a brand formed of two streaks,
one extending along the whole length of the second median segment (C. juventus,
Tab. CIII. fig. 30), sometimes .-shaped (C. corades, C. gracilis, and C. omadius), the
other just below the first submedian branch at the base.

Callimormus may easily be distinguished from Ancyloxypha by the very different
neuration of the primaries, as well as by the presence of a brand in the male, the form
of the antenne, &c. The terminal joint of the palpi is longer and more slender than
in Epeus and Methionopsis.

604 RHOPALOCERA.

a. Nervures at the apex of the primaries beneath, and also those of the
underside of the secondaries, yellow.

a'. Secondaries with pale discal spots beneath.

1. Callimormus juventus. (Tab. CIII. figg. 28-31, ¢.)
Callimormus juventus, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 74’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis duabus distinctis inter ramos medianos ad cellule finem,
exteriore minutiore, squamis in costa, et punctis tribus minutissimis in linea transversa subapicalibus
(sepe obsoletis), aureis: subtus pallidioribus, maculis ut supra, sed magis obviis, linea angusta flava
ad margines exteriores inter venas fusco externe limbata, anticis in costa eb ad marginem externum
posticisque omnino venis flavis notatis, posticis maculis variis in area discali albidis ; palpis subtus flavis ;
corpore subtus albido.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Zapote (Champion) ;

Costa Rica, Caché (Logers); Panama!.—Cotompia ; Braziu.

Mr. Scudder has lent us the type of this species, which is a female. It is a common
insect in South-eastern Mexico, and we have several specimens from Guatemala,
Costa Rica, &c. Our figures are taken from Atoyac examples. For the genitalia of
the male, see Tab. CIII. fig. 31.

b’. Secondaries without pale discal spots beneath.

2. Callimormus filata. (Tab. CIII. figg. 32, 33, .)
Apaustus filata, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 158°.

Alis fuscis, unicoloribus, stigmate concolore: subtus ut supra, sed anticis apicem versus et posticis omnino venis
flavis ornatis ; palpis et corpore subtus albidis.
2 mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger)—CoLoMBIA; VENEZUELA; Guiana; Brazin;
Cusa 1.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a male of this species from Colombia under the name
of Apaustus filata (Poey), Plétz, and we have accepted this determination as correct,
though with some reserve, our specimens answering fairly well to Plétz’s description ;
but it must be observed that we have not seen an example from Cuba, whence the
type was obtained. C. filata is extremely like Parphorus storar (Mab.), the underside
of the wings being similarly coloured, but may be easily separated from it by the long
terminal joint to the palpi, the very differently shaped brand, &c. It is a larger
insect than C. gracilis, and has the nervures more distinctly marked with yellow
beneath ; the genitalia of the males are also differently formed. We have examined a
long series of it, two only of which, however, are from within our limits. Some of

them have indications of ochreous spots on the primaries. For the genitalia of the
male, see Tab. CIII. fig. 33.

CALLIMORMUS. 605

3. Callimormus gracilis, (Tab. CIII. fig. 34, 3.)
Ancyloxypha gracilis, Feld. Reise Nov., Lep. t. 74. f. 28° (nec Watson).
Apaustus gracilis, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 158° (nec Watson).

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis in costa et inter ramos medianos ad cellule finem squamis ochreis
sparsim vestitis: subtus anticis apicem versus, et posticis omnino, venis pallide ochraceis; palpis coloris
ejusdem, corpore albido.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (fH. H. Smith); Nicaraeva, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui
(Arcé, mus. Staudinger), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—Co.LomBia, Bogota? ? ;
VENEZUELA.

This is one of several small Tropical-American species with yellow radiating lines
beneath. It is very like C. juventus, Scudder, but is more obscurely coloured above,
and the secondaries beneath have no pale discal spots. Mr. H. H. Smith sent
us a long series of specimens from Teapa and we have others from more southern
localities.

The insect identified by Watson as A. gracilis, Feld., was incorrectly included by
him in the genus Apaustus (P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 97). Felder’s species has a long
crook to the antennal club, as is plainly indicated in the figure given in the ‘ Voyage
of the Novara,’ whereas in Apaustus the antenne are very short and have a blunt
club. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIII. fig. 34.

b. Nervures beneath not paler than the rest of the surface.

4. Callimormus corades. (Tab. CIII. figg. 35, 36, 37, 3.)
Ancyloxypha corades, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1862, p. 477".
Cobalus decrepida, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 81 (1869) *.
Apaustus tenera, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 161°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, ea ad venam submedianam proxima
elongata et frequenter indistincta, secunda magna, tertia minutissima (una quoque nonnunquam in
cellula), punctis tribus subapicalibus in linea transversa (interdum obsoletis), omnibus ochraceis: subtus
ut supra, anticis macula ad venam subcostalem absente; posticis griseis, fascia angusta angulata ultra
cellulam margineque exteriore late fuscis; palpis et corpore subtus griseis.

@ mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, San Blas (Baron), Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colorada,
Rincon, La Venta, and Hacienda de la Imagen in Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith),
Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cuernavaca, Misantla, Vera Cruz (f. D. G.);

-GuatTeMALA, San Gerdnimo, Zapote (Champion).—Souta AMERICA to Venezuela? and

Brazil }.

A very common Mexican insect, occurring on both the eastern and western slopes,
whence we have a very long series sent us by Mr. Smith; we also have others from
Guatemala, Venezuela, and the Amazons.

Mr. Walter Rothschild has kindly lent us Felder’s type of A. corades, and with this
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., February 1901. AI

606 RHOPALOCERA.

many of our specimens, including one from San Blas in Western Mexico, agree.
Most of our examples from Mexico, however, have the spots on the upperside of the
primaries less distinct or even absent, and the secondaries beneath much more obscurely
coloured. Our figure of the insect is taken from the San Blas specimen. For the
genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIII. fig. 37.

MNESTHEWUS, gen. nov.

Amongst the small Tropical-American Pamphiline with a long, erect, slender
terminal joint to the palpi there are several species nearly allied to Callimormus, but
which have a brand on the primaries of the male formed of two short longitudinal
streaks. Philebodes ittona, Butl., is one of these forms, and we take it as the type of
the present genus, which also includes Apaustus virginius, Moschl., from Surinam,
Cobalus ludens, Mab., from Chiriqui, and one new species described below. The
genitalia of the males of M. ittona and M. cometho are also very different in structure
from those of any of the species of Callimormus.

The antenne are as long as, or more than, half the length of the costa, and have an
elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is very long,
slender, erect, and pointed. ‘The primaries are narrow, rather blunt at the tip; the
cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique,
the upper one longer than the lower; the lower radial is depressed at the base (very
slightly so in M. cometho); the first branch arises about the middle of the median
nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the cell. ‘The secondaries are rounded
at the anal angle; the cell is half (MZ. cometho), or more than half (M. ittona), the
length of the wing; the discocellulars are transverse and very faint. The body is rather
slender. ‘The middle tibie are not spined and the hind tibie have two pairs of ‘spurs.
The primaries of the male (Tab. CIIL fig. 40) have a brand formed of two short longi-
tudinal streaks covered by coarse scales, one filling the angle between the base of the
second median segment and the first median branch, the other immediately below it.

a. Secondaries in part silvery beneath.

1. Mnestheus ittona. (Tab. CIII figg. 38-41, 3.)
Phlebodes itiona, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 508°.
Alis obscure fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam albis:

subtus anticis ut supra, sed macula submediana obsoleta ; posticis margine interno ipso, et fascia lata fere a

margine interno (ad apicem curvata) et usque ad centrum marginis exterioris extendente (illic angustiore),
argenteis aut fluvo-argenteis.
@ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chirigui (Arcé, Ribbe), Veraguas (Arcé).—VeEnezuELA!; Bo.ivia.

Dr. Butler described P. ittona trom a male insect from Venezuela, which is now in

MNESTHEUS. © 607

our collection, and we possess two others from the same country. We have likewise
seen three specimens from the State of Panama. We notice that in some of the South-
American examples the dark portions of the secondaries beneath are of a ferruginous
tint, whereas those from Central America have these parts dark fuscous. For the

genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIIT. fig. 41.

b. Secondaries with the nervures beneath more or less yellow, those at the
apex of the primaries similarly coloured.

2. Mnestheus cometho, sp. n. (Tab. CIII. figg. 42, 43, 44, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore; anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, ea ad apicem
proxima minima, punctis tribus minutissimis indistinctis subapicalibus in linea transversa, omnibus
ochraceis; posticis fascia diseali transversa fulva et area interna pilis coloris ejusdem vestitis: subtus
pallidioribus, anticis maculis duabus inter ramos medianos, venis in costa, apice margineque externo,
ochraceis, punctis subapicalibus in linea transversa, et macula inter ramos discoidales ad marginemexternum,
albidis ; posticis venis omnibus ochraceo notatis, maculis indistinctis variis inter eas albido marmoratis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Four specimens. Very like M. ludens, but larger and with the oblique series of
spots on the primaries formed by ochreous scales, instead of being hyaline. The
underside, too, of the secondaries has whitish spots between the nervures. From
M. (Apaustus) virginius, Méschl., from Surinam, the type of which is before us, it may
be known by its larger size, and the much more distinctly spotted underside of both
wings. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIII. fig. 44.

3. Mnestheus ludens. (Tab. CIII. figg. 45, 46, ¢ .)
Cobalus ludens, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxxi’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore ; anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, una subtriangulari
venam submedianam attingente, ochracea, duabus inter ramos medianos ad cellule finem, exteriore minore,
una quoque minutissima subapicali in vena subcostali, flavo-hyalinis; posticis area discali pilis et squamis
ochraceis indistincte notatis: subtus pallidioribus, anticis maculis ut supra, vena costali et venis apicem
versus flavis ; posticis venis omnibus (area discali interruptis) coloris ejusdem ; corpore subtus albido.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger 1),—VENEZUELA t

We have to thank Dr. Staudinger for lending us the type of this species—a male,
and we have another like it, from the same gentleman, labelled “‘ Venezuela?” This
insect is very like M. cometho on the upperside, except that the spots are hyaline, but
the secondaries want the white spots beneath, and the pale yellow markings running
along the nervures are interrupted at the end of the cell. Both the specimens we have

examined have lost their palpi. The type is figured.

608 RHOPALOCERA.

ARTINES, gen. nov.

We take Thracides epitus, Geyer, as the type of this genus, which will also include
a second species described below. Both insects have on the underside of the
secondaries a black patch surrounded by blue spots, outside which is an ochreous
ring. The male of 7. epitus has a conspicuous sagittiform brand, but this is altogether
absent in A. atizies. The long terminal joint of the palpi distinguishes Artines from
many of the allied genera. It agrees very nearly with Eutocus in the neuration of the
wings, as well as in the form of the brand, but the primaries are more elongate, and
the general coloration is very different, the structure of the genitalia also being peculiar.
The two species are confined to Tropical America, one only entering our limits.

The antenne are more than half the length of the costa, and have an elongate club,
terminating in a long crook. The tbird joint of the palpi is long, erect, and pointed.
The primaries are moderately produced, arched on the costa, and blunt at the tip; the
cell is less than two-thirds of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the
upper one fully twice the length of the lower, the latter about as long as the third
median segment; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch
arises near the middle of the median nervure, the second a little before the lower angle
of the cell. The secondaries are rounded at the anal angle; the cell is large and half
the length of the wing; the discocellulars are very faint. The body is rather slender.
The middle tibiz are without spines, and the hind tibize have two pairs of spurs. The
primaries of the male have a conspicuous sagittiform brand in the angle between
the second median segment and the first median branch (this being absent in A. atizies),
and the secondaries a fringe of long hairs along the upper edge of the abdominal fold
in this sex.

We figure the fore wing and genitalia of a male of A. epitus, see Tab. CIII.
figg. 47, 48.

1. Artines atizies, sp. n. (Tab. CII. figg. 49, 50, ¢ .)

Alis obscure fuscis; anticis maculis duabus parvis in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, duabus minutis
apicem versus, albidis : subtus pallidioribus, anticarum apice et posticis schistaceo lavatis; anticis maculis
ut supra, angulum analem versus albidis, ad apicem fascia angusta fusca lineolis pallidis radiantibus
divisis ; posticis punctis magnis nigris, ochraceo cinctis, et maculis quinque ceeruleo ornatis et linea obscura
limbata ; anticis et posticis extrorsum anguste fusco marginatis.

Hab. Panama, near the city (J. J. Walker).—Venezuua ; Guiana, Takutu River :

BraziL, Espirito Santo ; Trinrpap.

We are indebted to Mr. J. J . Walker, R.N., for the only two Central-American

examples we have of this species, though, unfortunately, they are in bad condition and
both of the female sex.

This insect is so like A. apitus (Geyer) that we have long confounded the two in

ARTINES.—FALGA. 609

our collection; but on closer examination A. atizies proves to be without a brand on
the primaries in the male (this being conspicuous in A. epitus), the spots on the disc
of these wings are much less distinct, and those on the underside of the secondaries are
not so brightly coloured, and the genitalia of the males are very different in form, as
will be seen from our Plate. For those of A. atizies, see Tab. CIII. fig. 50.

VIII. Antenne very long *, usually at least two-thirds the length of the costa, with an
elongate club, terminating in a very long crook; primaries of the male with or
without a brand.

A. Body slender; hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs.

A. Terminal joint of the palpi long and erect.

FALGA.
Falga, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 211.

The type of this genus is Carystus jeconia, Butl. (=C. abalus, Mab.), from Venezuela ;
it also includes a remarkable new species from Honduras described below. These
insects have very long wings, exceedingly elongate antenne, a long, erect, terminal joint
to the palpi, a slender body, and a brand on the primaries of the male formed of three
longitudinal streaks, which are concealed by the larger scales.

The antenne about reach the end of the cell, and have an elongate, slender club,
terminating in a long crook. The palpi have the third joint long, erect, and pointed.
The primaries are produced and rather narrow, blunt at the tip, with the costa arched
at the base and straight towards the apex; the cell is about two-thirds the length of
the costa; the discocellulars are moderately transverse, the upper one more than twice
as long as the lower, the latter the same length as the third median segment; the lower
radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises from the middle of the median
nervure, the second close to the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are slightly
lobed at the anal angle; the cell is very large, occupying rather more than half the
length of the wing; the discocellulars are very long and faint, the lower one oblique
and nearly twice the length of the upper. The body is long and slender, as are also
the legs. The middle tibie are without spines, the hind tibie have two pairs of
spurs. The primaries of the male have a brand formed of three longitudinal pieces,
which are more or less hidden by the larger scales clothing the surface of the
wing: one extending nearly the whole length of the second median segment; one
immediately beneath the first median branch; one above the submedian nervure a
little before the middle.

We give a figure of the type of /. jeconia (Butl.), also others of the fore wing and
Benitala of the male of this species, see Tab. CIV. figg. 1-4.

* Shorter in Pyrrhopygopsis (type Pyrrhopyga socrates, Mén.).

610 RHOPALOCERA.

1. Falga sciras, sp.n. (Tab. CIV. figg. 5, 6, ¢ .) .
Alis nitente aureis, stigmate occulto, anticis apice et margine externo late, venis ad basin et margine costah,
nigro-fuscis ; posticis marginibus, ad angulum analem latiore, coloris ejusdem: subtus anticis obscure
fuscis, plaga magna subovali discali ochracea, apice fulvo, cost dimidio basali flavo ; posticis pallide flavis,
maculis duabus discalibus miuutis, interiore minore, fuscis, fascia indistincta margini externo subparalleli ;
corpore supra fusco, infra flavo.
© ignota.

Hab. Honpuras (Wittkugel, in coll. Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a single male of this species from Honduras; it is nearly
allied to F. jeconia (Butl.) from Venezuela, of which we have the type.

B. Terminal joint of the palpi short.

ENOSIS.
Enosis, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. ix.

M. Mabille referred four Tropical-American species to this genus, one only of which,
EE. quadrinotata, Mab., from Chiriqui, is known to us, and we cannot say therefore
whether they are really congeneric. He does not allude to the brand on the primaries
of the male, distinctly visible in his type of E. guadrinotata, of which he notes the sex.
This insect, from which the characters of the genus are here taken, is uniformly fuscous
above, in this respect not differing from many other Central-American Pamphiline.

The antenne are exceedingly elongate, about two-thirds the length of the costa, and
have a slender elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the
palpi is short and bluntly conical. The primaries are moderately elongate, arched
on the costa, and blunt at the tip; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the
costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one about three times the length of
the lower, the latter short and of the same length as the third median segment; the
lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch arises before the middle
of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are slightly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are faint. The body is rather
slender, the head large. The legs are very elongate; the middle tibie are without
spines, the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries of the male have an
indistinct brand formed of three portions: (1) a triangular piece in the angle between
the base of the second median segment and the first median branch; (2) a short

longitudinal streak below this; (3) a similar streak in front of the submedian nervure
before the middle.

1. Enosis quadrinotata. (Tab. CIV. fig. 7, ¢.)
Enosis quadrinotata, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. x?.

Alis fuscis, stigmate concolore: subtus pallidioribus, anticis margine interno angulum analem versus late
. grisescente, strigula indistincta venam medianam ad basin rami mediani secundi transeunte, puncto

ENOSIS.—CARYSTOIDES. _ 611

minuto: inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium, altero apicem propiore, flavidis; posticis punctis

quatuor discalibus in linea curvata transversa, flavidis; anticis regione costali, apice et posticis omnino

squamis ochraceis sparsim vestitis; palpis et corpore subtus pilis flavis et fuscis intermixtis ; antennis

ad clave basin ochraceo annulatis. :
2 mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us two males and one female of this species, including the
type. It is distinguishable amongst the similarly-coloured forms by the very long and
slender antenne, the indistinct treble brand on the primaries in the male, and the

‘markings of the under surface. The position of the brand is indicated on the under-
’ side of the primaries by a pallid interrupted streak.

B. Body stout; terminal joint of the palpi very short.

A, Hind tibiz with a single pair of spurs.

CARYSTOIDES, gen. nov.

The single Tropical-American species referred to this genus, Hesperia basochesi, Latr.,
which just enters our limits, has the general facies of Carystus; but the third median
segment of the primaries is nearly as long as the second, the antenne are exceedingly
elongate, and the hind tibiz have only one pair of spurs.

The antenne are fully two-thirds the length of the costa, and have an elongate, rather
slender club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi are densely clothed with scales,
the third joint very short and almost concealed. The primaries are elongate, somewhat
pointed at the tip; the cell is narrow and considerably less than two-thirds the length
of the costa; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one about three times as long as
the lower, the latter about one-fifth the length of the third median segment; the lower
radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch arises far before the middle of
the median nervure, the second at about the same distance from the lower angle of the
cell (the three median segments thus being subequal in length). The secondaries are
slightly lobed at the anal angle; the discocellulars are transverse, the lower one distinct.
The body is robust, and (like the femora) very hairy beneath. The middle tibie are
without spines, the hind tibia with a single pair of spurs. The primaries of the male
are without trace of a brand. |

The fore wing of the male is figured on Tab. CIV. fig. 10.

1. Carystoides basochesi. (Tab. CIV. figg. 8-11, ¢.)
Hesperia basoches, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 747’.
Carisius basochesit, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 3327.

‘Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus magnis, una in cellula, secunda infra eam, tertia inter ramos medianos
primum et secundum, interdum puncto subapicali, omnibus albo-hyalinis, ad apicem plus minusve albis ;

612 RHOPALOCERA.

posticis macula ultra cellulam et secunda minuta infra eam albo-hyalinis: subtus (nisi area interna
anticarum) pallidioribus, ciliis posticaram (presertim ad apicem) albescentibus ; clava antennarum
supra alba.

2 nobis ignota.

Hab. Honpuras (Mus. Brit.); Panama, Chiriqui (er Staudinger ). — COLOMBIA? ;
Braziu!?; TRINIDAD. -

Dr. Staudinger has sent us three males of this species from Chiriqui, and we have
others from Santa Marta, Trinidad, and Brazil. It is not unlike Carystus claudianus,
but may at once be distinguished by the longer antenne and the white apex to the
primaries, as well as in other particulars described above. ‘There is a good deal of
variation in the underside of our specimens. ‘The single male from Honduras in the
British Museum has the spots on the disc of the secondaries very much reduced in size.
For the genitalia, see Tab. CIV. fig. 11.

B. Hind tibie with two pairs of spurs.

LYCHNUCHOIDES, gen. nov.

There are two Tropical-American species very like Lychnuchus, the type of which is
Hesperia celsus, Fabr. (= Lychnuchus olenus, Hiibn.) ; but they differ from it in having
a longer and wider cell in the primaries, the first and second median branches much
less widely separated at their points of origin, and the brand in the male otherwise
formed. One of these species, Hesperia saptine, G. & S., from Costa Rica, which we
take as the type of the present genus, has the anterior tibie tufted in both sexes, but
in the other, Asticopterus ozias, Hew., from Brazil * (the female only of which is known
to us), this is not the case.

The antenne are elongate, half the length of the costa, with a long club, terminating
in a long crook. The palpi are densely clothed with scales, the third joint very
short and almost concealed. ‘The primaries are elongate, truncate at the tip, the costa
arched to the middle, thence straight to the apex; the cell is very large, two-thirds
the length of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, almost in a line with the
third median segment, the upper one twice the length of the lower, the latter compara-
tively long; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises about the
middle of the median nervure, the second long before the lower angle of the cell;
the third median segment is only a little shorter than the second. The secondaries are
lobed at the anal angle; the lower discocellular is distinct. The body is stout, and
(like the femora) very hairy beneath. The anterior tibie, in Z. saptine, are thickly
tufted with hair, especially in the male. The middle tibie are not spined, the hind
tibiee have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a >-shaped brand, the
upper arm extending along the whole length of the second median segment, and

* Not Java, as stated by Hewitson,

LYCHNUCHOIDES.—TISIAS. 613

the lower for some distance along the basal portion of the first median branch, just
beneath which is a longitudinal streak.
The fore wing is figured on Tab. CIV. fig. 14.

1. Lychnuchoides saptine. (Tab. CIV. figg. 12-15, ¢.)
Hesperia saptine, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 155°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate paulo obscuriore, anticis fascia lata transversa a costa per cellulam angulum analem versus
extendente, marginibus (presertim interne) valde irregularibus, flavo-hyalinis ; posticis margine costali
usque ad apicem ochraceo: subtus ut supra, sed ad apicem grisescentioribus, posticis rufo-brunneo et griseo
distincte nubilatis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu, Rio Sucio (Rogers!); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (coll.

Staudinger).

We have six specimens of this species from Costa Rica, and Dr. Staudinger has lent
us an example of it from Chiriqui. JL. saptine closely resembles Lychnuchus celsus
_(Fabr.), from 8. Brazil, but it is much larger and has a more irregular yellow band on
the primaries, the apical portion of the costal margin of the secondaries is also yellow,
and these wings beneath are differently coloured.

L. ozias (Hew.), from Brazil, is a nearly allied form. The type of L. saptine is
figured, also the genitalia, for which see Tab. CIV. fig. 15.

TISIAS, gen. nov.

The species we refer to this genus are of large size, with very long antenne, with
long crook, a short terminal joint to the palpi, a very stout body, and a conspicuous
treble brand on the primaries in the male. They have hyaline spots on both wings.
We take Proteides myna, Mab., from Chiriqui, as the type, the genus also including
Cobalus quadratus, H.-S.,and at least one other South-American insect *. The form of
the antenne brings it near Themesion, Turesis, &c., while the brand is very like that
of Aides.

The antenne are half or more than half the length of the costa, and have a
moderately long club, terminating in along crook. The third joint of the palpi is
very short and bluntly conical. The primaries are rather elongate, somewhat puinted
at the apex, arched on the costa at the base, and almost straight on their outer margin
to near the tip; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the disco-
cellulars are strongly oblique, the upper one about three times as long as the lower,
the latter much shorter than the third median segment; the lower radial is much
depressed at the base; the first branch arises from the middle of the median nervure,
the second a little before the lower angle of the cell, the latter being strongly curved

* In Dr. Staudinger’s collection there is a very distinct unnamed species belonging here; it is from Merida,

Venezuela.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., Fedruary 1901. 4K

614 RHOPALOCERA.

downwards. The secondaries are shortly lobed at the anal angle, reaching about as
far as the apex of the abdomen; the discocellulars are oblique, the lower one distinct,
the upper one faint. The body is very robust. The middle tibie are spined, and the
hind tibie have two pairs of long spurs. The primaries of the male have the portions
of the brand placed thus: (1) a long, incomplete =--shaped piece, the upper arm
extending along the greater part of the second median segment to beyond the base of
the second median branch, and the lower along the first median branch; (2) a
longitudinal streak below this; (3) a still longer streak just above the submedian
nervure.

In the typical species, 7. myna, the brand is somewhat modified to make room for
the hyaline spots, this not being the case in 7. quadratus.

1. Tisias myna, (Tab. CIV. figg. 16,17, 2 .)
Proteides myna, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 99, f. 1%.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate concolore, anticis maculis quatuor magnis, una in cellula externe excisa, tribus in
serie obliqua infra eam, illa in medio maxima, albo-hyalinis; posticis macula parva in cellula, duabus
margini externo propiore, coloris ejusdem: subtus ut supra, sed dilutioribus, anticis macula submediana
majore et area costali ultra cellulam grisea.

$ mari similis, sed maculis posticarum supra minoribus (interdum obsoletis).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger 1),

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male and two females of this species. In general facies
it is very like Themesion certima (Hew.). The type is figured.

THEMESION, gen. nov.

The Tropical-American species referred to this genus, of which Hesperia certima,
Hew., is taken as the type, are of large size, with very long antenne, with long
crook, a robust body, broadly lobed secondaries, short upper spurs to the hind tibie
(suggesting an affinity with Carystoides, in which they are altogether absent), and
no marks of sexual distinction on the primaries of the male. ‘They all have large
hyaline spots on the primaries (the one in the cell being geminate or divided), and the
base of the antennal club clothed with white scales. Unfortunately, most of the
specimens before us are females, though there isa male of 7. certima in the British
Museum, and we have males of allied unnamed South-American forms that probably
belong here. T. certima is very like Tisias myna, which, however, has a conspicuous
treble brand on the fore wings in the male. Hesperia noseda, Hew. (=Proteides
brinoides, Méschl.), belongs to the present genus, and Carystus maroma and Proteides
meeros, Méschl., may also have to be included in it,

The antenne are about, or rather more than, half the length of the costa, and have
an elongate club, terminating in a very long crook. The third joint of the palpi is
very short, blunt, and concealed, and clothed with scales. The primaries are elongate,

THEMESION. 615

more or less pointed at the tip in the males, blunt in the females, with the costa
arched towards the base ; the cell is less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the
discocellulars are strongly oblique, the lower one very short; the lower radial is
greatly depressed at the base; the first branch arises before the middle of the median
nervure, the second some distance before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are broadly lobed at the anal angle, but they do not extend beyond the apex of the
abdomen; the discocellulars are oblique and faint. The body is robust. ‘The middle
tibiee are without spines; the hind tibisz have two pairs of spurs, the upper pair short
or rudimentary.

The males of the above-mentioned unnamed South-American species in our collection
have a pencil of long hairs above the abdominal fold of the secondaries. Proteides
maros, Moschl., differs somewhat from the other species in the neuration of the
primaries, as well as in having longer upper spurs to the hind tibie.

1. Themesion certima. (Tab. CIV. figg. 18, 19, 2.)

Hesperia certima, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i. p. 493°.
Eudamus lebbeus, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xviii. p. 3517.
Hesperia lota, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p 81°.

Alis nigro-fuscis, anticis fascia obliqua vena mediana divisa, macula parva ultra eam punctoque subapicali
(interdum absente), albo-hyalinis; posticis punctis minutis duobus (aut uno), interdum obsoletis, apicem
versus coloris ejusdem: subtus dilutioribus, anticis area mediana obscuriore, posticis puncto ad cellule
finem aliisque quatuor margini externo propiore (duobus albo-ocellatis) nigrescentibus.

¢ mari similis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger *).— VENEZUELA '.

Hewitson’s descriptions of Eudamus lebbeus and Hesperia lota appear to have
been taken from the same specimen, a female, as the type of the latter lent us by
Dr. Staudinger is ticketed LH. /ebdeus in what we believe to be Hewitson’s own hand-
writing; this insect does not differ from the type of Hesperia certima, a male, in the
British Museum. No locality was mentioned by Hewitson for H. lota?. Dr. Staudinger
has also lent us two other females from Chiriqui.

This species, as already noted, is very like Zisias myna in general coloration, but
differs from it in the absence of the submedian hyaline spot on the primaries and in
having some small black spots on the underside of the secondaries. In the type of
Hesperia certima, as in one of the females from Chiriqui, the primaries beneath have
three minute dark spots towards the apex.

2. Themesion orbius, sp. n. (Tab. CIV. figg. 20, 21, 2.)

©. Alis fuscis, anticis maculis duabus subquadratis inter ramos medianos, proxima multo majore, una magna
geminata in cellula, duabus subapicalibus, flavo-hyalinis, una quoque submediana elongata flavida ; posticis
ultra cellulam punctis tribus minutis in serie transversa flavis: subtus pallidioribus Jilacino lavatis,
maculis ut supra, anticis area mediana et posticis angulum analem versus obscurioribus ; palpis et corpore
subtus clavaque antennarum ad basin sordide flavis.

4x2

616 RHOPALOCERA.

Hab. Nicaracva, Chontales (Beit).

The above description has been taken from an imperfect worn female example.
This insect has much the facies of Hesperia sicania, Hew., from Brazil, the type of
which is a male; but in the latter the primaries are without a yellowish streak on the
submedian nervure, the spots on the disc are differently placed, and there is only one
minute subapical dot. It also greatly resembles Turesis lucast and T. theste in general
coloration ; but the short upper spurs to the hind tibie exclude it from that genus.

TURESIS, gen. nov.

The Tropical-American species we place under this name have somewhat the
appearance of Carystus, though they differ greatly in their general coloration. They
have, however, much more elongate antenne, these being fully two-thirds the length
of the costa, as in Carystoides and Orphe. Hesperia lucas, Fabr. (as identified by
Dr. Butler), is taken as the type, and in addition to the other Central-American form
referred to it, we have an unnamed insect from South America that probably belongs
here. All have large flavo-hyaline spots on the primaries.

The antenne are rather more than two-thirds the length of the costa, and have an
elongate slender club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is
very short and almost concealed. The primaries are elongate, somewhat pointed
at the tip, and arched on the costa at the base; the cell is a little less than two-thirds
the length of the costa; the discocellulars are strongly oblique, the upper one about
three times as long as the lower, the latter of the same length as the third median
segment ; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises at the
middle of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the cell. The
secondaries are slightly produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are oblique and
very faint. The body is robust. The middle tibie are not spined, and the hind tibie
have two pairs of long spurs. There are no secondary sexual characters visible on
either wing.

1. Turesis lucasi, (Tab. CIV. figg. 22, 23, ¢.)

Hesperia lucas, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 339°.

Telegonus lucas, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 262, t. 3. f. 47.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una parva elongata ad venam submedianam, secunda multo
majore inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam, duabus in cellula interdum con-
junctis, et duabus subapicalibus, exteriore minuta, omnibus flavo-hyalinis, posticis puncto ultra cellulam
flavo: subtus ut supra, sed pallidioribus et rubescentioribus, macula submediana taajore et albescente.

9 mari similis,

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger).—VENEZUELA 2 ; AMAZONS, Paré; Brazin2;

ANTILLES !,

Of this species there are two females in the British Museum, from Venezuela and

TURESIS.—MEGALEAS. 617

Brazil respectively, which have been identified by Dr. Butler as Hesperia lucas, Fabr.,
and we have seen seven others, including both sexes, six of these being from Chiriqui.
L. lucasi is not unlike Papilio salius, Cram. Dr. Staudinger has sent us examples of
it under the names of Carystus hebon, Mab., and Goniloba complana, H.-S., but it does
not agree with the description of either of these insects.

2. Turesis theste, sp.n. (Tab. CIV. fige. 24, 25, 26, 2.)
Alis fuscis, anticis maculis duabus inter ramos medianos, proxima multo majore, altera magna et geminata in
_cellula, una quoque parva subapicali, flavo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, sed alis pallidioribus et rubescenti-
“" oribus, posticis macula minuta ultra cellulam flava; palpis, corpore subtus et oculorum ambitu ochraceis.
© ignota.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers).

A single male example sent us by Mr. Rogers from Costa Rica is all we know of
this species. It is a close ally of 7. Jucasi, but differs from it in the absence of the
streak on the submedian nervure of the primaries, both above and beneath, and there
is only a single subapical spot on these wings; the secondaries, too, are immaculate
above. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIV. fig. 26.

MEGALEAS, gen. nov.

The single species we refer to this genus, Hesperia syrna, G. & S., from Costa Rica,
is a very large and robust insect allied to Thracides, from which it differs in having a
stouter crook to the antenne, the primaries less pointed at the apex, the secondaries
more rounded at the anal angle, and the brand in the male more oblique.

The antenne are half the length of the costa, and have an elongate, gradually
thickened club, terminating in a long, stout crook. ‘The palpi have the third joint
very short and concealed. The primaries are moderately elongate, and blunt at the
tip; the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars
are strongly oblique, the upper one three times the length of the lower, the latter
about half the length of the third median segment; the lower radial is very much
depressed at the base; the first branch arises a little before the middle of the median
nervure, the second considerably before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries
are rounded at the anal angle; the lower discocellular is distinct, the upper one faint.
The body is very robust. ‘The hind tibiz have two pairs of spurs. The primaries in
the male have a linear, very oblique, interrupted brand extending from near the end
of the second median segment to before the middle of the submedian nervure.

1. Megaleas syrna. (Tab. CIV. figg. 27, 28, ¢.)
Hesperia syrna, Godm. & Salv. P. Z. 8S. 1879, p. 155°.

Alis fuscis, stigmate pallidiore, anticis plaga magna partem distalem cellule occupante, altera obliqua a vena
submediana ad cellule finem extendente, ramis medianis divisa, et margine interno, infra ramum medianum

618 RHOPALOCERA.

primum valde exciso, maculis tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, flavo-hyalinis ; posticis macula
minuta ad cellule finem, tribus ultra eam apicem propioribus, infima maxima, coloris ejusdem: subtus
magis rubiginosis, maculis ut supra; unco antennarum rufo.

2 ignota.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

The single worn example described by us in 1879 is still the only one we know.

LYCAS, gen. nov.

Hesperia argentea and HH. ceraca, Hew., differ from nearly all the other American
Pamphiline in the neuration of the primaries, and we are therefore compelled to place
them in a genus by themselves *. In some respects Lycas approaches many of the
Hesperiinee so closely that it would be almost as well placed in that group. It
resembles A?des and various other Tropical-American genera in having the underside
of the secondaries more or less clothed with silvery scales. The two species are both
widely distributed —L. argenteus ranging from Western Mexico to Brazil; and L. ceraca
from Panama to Brazil.

The antenne are very elongate, reaching nearly as far as the apex of the cell, and
have a long and rather slender club, terminating in a long crook. ‘The palpi are
densely scaled, the third joint being very short, stout, and concealed. ‘The primaries
are somewhat pointed at the tip; the cell is two-thirds the length of the costa and
greatly produced at the apex; the discocellulars are very oblique and in a line with
the third median segment, the upper one considerably longer than the lower, the latter
almost as long as the third median segment ; the lower radial is depressed at its base ;
the first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure; the second median
segment is only about half the length of the first, and less than twice the length of
the third, which is unusually elongate. The secondaries are very slightly lobed at the
anal angle; the discocellulars are oblique and distinct. The body is robust. The
middle tibiee are furnished with short spines, and the hind tibiz have two pairs of
spurs. The primaries of the male are without trace of brand. The fore wing of a
male of L. argenteus is figured on Tab. CIV. fig. 29.

1. lycas argenteus. (Tab. CIV. figg. 29, 30, ¢.)
Hesperia argentea, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i, p. 487 (1866)'; Exot. Butt. v., Hesperia,
ff. 46, 47?

Alis fuscis, anticis ad basin et dimidio interno posticarum pilis ochraceo-fuscis vestitis, anticis maculis tribus
in linea obliqua, una elongata ad venam submedianam, secunda majore inter ramos medianos primum et
secundum, tertia ultra eam, una in cellula externe excavata, punctisque tribus in linea transversa
subapicalibus, omnibus flavo-hyalinis ; posticis margine costali apicem versus et macula submarginali

* We possess a single male specimen, from Guiana, of an unnamed insect closely allied to Lycas, but which
has a conspicuous oblique brand on the primaries in the male; it belongs, however, to a different genus.

LYCAS.—ORPHE. 619

ochraceis: subtus anticis ut supra, apicem versus griseo tinctis, litura magna ad angulum analem albida ;
‘ posticis argenteis, fascia lata a costee medio ad angulum analem extendente, ad cellule finem angustiore
et frequenter interrupta, lete castanea, ad basin cum margine externo coloris ejusdem, margine externo
rufo-fusco ; ciliis anticarum fuscis, iis posticarum ochraceis fusco-punctatis ; abdomine subtus ochraceo.
© mari similis.
Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemata!?, Choctum (F. D. G.
& O. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (mus.

Staudinger).— BRAZIL.

Hewitson described this species from a Guatemalan specimen, and we have numerous
others from Central and South America. The peculiar coloration of the underside
of the secondaries distinguishes it at once from all its allies, the following excepted.
For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIV. fig. 30.

2. Liycas ceraca. |
Hesperia ceraca, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii. p. 488 (1866)*; Exot. Butt. v., Hesperia, ff. 42, 437.

2. Alis fuscis, pilis ochraceis vestitis, anticis dimidio coste basali ferrugineo, macula in cellula magna externe
excisa, tribus infra eam in serie obliqua, ea in medio maxima et bifida, punctisque tribus in linea trans-
versa subapicalibus, flavo-hyalinis ; posticis macula apicem versus et altera in margine costali flavis: subtus
anticis triente basali fusca, apice et costa rubescentioribus, macula in costee medio flava, litura submediana
elongata albida; posticis castaneis ad marginem externum pallidioribus, fasciis duabus obliquis trans-
euntibus argenteis, exteriore curvata, interiore recta et haud ad angulum analem extendente, margine
interno quoque angulum analem versus argenteo.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger).—Gutana, Surinam; Brazit,
Rio Janeiro 1, Santa Catherina.

Of this fine species there is a single female specimen from Chiriqui, as well as two
others of the same sex from more southern localities, in Dr. Staudinger’s collection. It
is allied to L. argenteus (Hew.), but differs from it in having the silvery markings
on the underside of the secondaries reduced to two narrow fascie.

ORPHE, gen. nov.
_ This genus includes two very closely allied Tropical-American species, Hesperia
gerasa, Hew. (=Proteides subcordatus, Mab.), which we take as the type, and a very
similar form from south of our limits*. They are both insects of large size, with

* Orphe vatinius, sp.n. (‘Tab. CIV. figg. 31, 32, 3.)
O. gerase similis, sed alis anticis maris stigmate undulante (nec margine inferiore reflexo) tantum differt.

Hab, Guiana; Amazons; E, Perv.

This species is almost exactly like O. gerasa, but differs from it in having the surface of the brand in the
males very distinctly undulate, and there is no trace of the reflexed lower margin so prominent in the latter
species. Of O. vatinius we have seen six males, and of O. gerasa two, one of which is Hewitson’s type, and
we therefore have no hesitation in separating them. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CIV. fig. 32.

620 RHOPALOCERA.

very long antenne, stout bodies, and a large and very conspicuous brand on the
primaries of the male. Orphe is perhaps most nearly allied to Lycas, but the neuration
and other particulars are different.

The antenne are exceedingly long, reaching quite to the end of the cell, and have an
elongate, rather slender club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi are densely
clothed with scales; the third joint is very short and almost concealed. The primaries
are elongate and have the costa arched from the base to the apex; the cell is two-
thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, almost in a line with
the third median segment, the upper one being fully twice as long as the lower, the
latter about half the length of the third median segment; the lower radial is depressed ;
the first branch arises before the middle of the median segment, the second far from
the lower angle of the cell; the second median segment is a little more than twice
the length of the third and not much longer than the first. The secondaries are
slightly produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are very oblique, the lower one
distinct. The body is stout. The middle tibize are without spines, the hind tibie have
two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a very conspicuous oblique brand,
extending from the base of the second median branch to near the submedian nervure,
this being smooth, and bordered on the lower edge by a distinct ridge in O. gerasa, and
strongly waved in O. vatinius.

We give a figure of the fore wing of 0. vatinius, see Tab. CIV. fig. 31.

1. Orphe gerasa.
Hesperia gerasa, Hew. Ex. Butt. v., Hesperia, ff. 6,7 (g)?.
Proteides subcordatus, Mab. Le Nat. 1889, p. 99, f. 3 (nec Herr.-Schaff.) *.
Proteides milo, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxxvii®.

Alis fuscis, stigmate obscuriore, anticis maculis duabus minutis in cellula, tertia transversa inter ramos
medianos secundum et tertium, quarta minuta apicem propiore, punctisque tribus in linea transversa
subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis: subtus rubescentioribus, anticis maculis ut supra, area mediana
obscuriore, margine interno pallidiore, posticis fascia lata transversa ultra cellulam rubida, punctoque
discali albido; antennarum clava ad basin albo annulata. .

£ mari similis, sed maculis omnibus majoribus aliisque duabus, una lunulata inter ramos medianos primum et
secundum maxima, altera minore in venam submedianam posita, albo-hyalinis: subtus grisescentioribus
et maculis tribus in linea curvata ultra cellulam albidis.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui 2 (ex Staudinger).—Brazit, Maranham !.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us specimens of both sexes of Proteides subcordatus, Mab.,
from Chiriqui, whence we also have a female example: the male does not differ from
the type of Hesperia gerasa, Hew., this being of the same sex.

M. Mabille* subsequently changed the specific name subcordatus to milo, on account
of there being an earlier Proteides subcordatus, H.-S.

DAMAS.— ORSES. 621

DAMAS, gen. nov.

_ A single Tropical-American species, Goniloba clavus, H.-S. (=Proteides ampyzx,
Mab.), is referred to this genus. Damas is allied to Thracides, the type of which is
T. phidon (Cram.), but differs from it in having a conspicuous and very dissimilarly
shaped brand on the primaries of the male.

The antenne are more than half the length of the costa, and have a moderately
elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The third joint of the palpi is very short
and concealed. ‘The primaries are elongate, somewhat pointed at the tip, arched on
the costa and straight on the outer margin; the cell is less than two-thirds the length
of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, the upper one longer than the lower,
the latter longer than the third median segment; the lower radial is slightly depressed
at the base; the first branch arises before the middle of the median nervure, the second
a little before the lower angle of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal
angle; the discocellulars are very oblique, the upper one very faint. The body is
robust. ‘The femora are very hairy. The middle tibie are furnished with spines, the
hind tibie with two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the male have a conspicuous
brand formed of two pieces, the upper one somewhat triangular and extending along
the second median segment to the base of the second median branch, the other in the
form of a short longitudinal streak immediately below it.

1. Damas clavus. (Tab. CV. fige. 1-4, ¢.)

Goniloba clavus, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. iii. p. 75

Proteides ampyx, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxxvii (¢)?.

Alis fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis macula elongata in cellula, tribus infra eam, una submediana (interdum
obsoleta), secunda inter ramos mediano sprimum et secundum sagittiformi, tertia ultra eam subquadrata,
punctisque tribus in serie transversa subapicalibus (interdum absentibus), flavo-hyalinis: subtus fere ut
supra, sed anticis dimidio apicali et posticis (nisi margine interno) violaceo: tinctis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui? (Trdtsch, in mus. Staudinger)—Amazons, Para.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male specimen (the type) of P. ampyx, Mabille, from
Chiriqui, which agrees with three others from South America in our collection; one of
these we believe to be the type of Herrich-Schaffer’s Goniloba clavus. We also have
another male from the Amazons, evidently belonging here, but the spot in the cell of
the primaries is not visible on the upperside.

Our figures are taken from South-American examples. For the genitalia of the
male, see Tab. CV. fig. 4.

ORSES, gen. nov.

This genus, of which we take Hesperia cynisca, Swains., as the type, is a very
remarkable one, inasmuch as the sexes have the primaries not only dissimilarly marked,
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IL., Apri 1901. AL

622 RHOPALOCERA.

but the neuration is also different, this being caused in the males by an interference of
the brand. The tibice of all the legs are red, the antenne are extremely elongate,
and the secondaries beneath have one or two whitish transverse bands. In addition to
H. cynisca, Orses includes H. itea, Swains., and one new species described in this work *.
All are Tropical-American, two of them entering our region.

The antenne are exceedingly elongate, fully two-thirds the length of the costa, and
have a very long, rather slender club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi are
densely scaled, the third joint very short and bluntly conical. The primaries are
elongate and pointed at the tip, the costa arched; the cell is less than two-thirds the
length of the costa, and has a distinct recurrent nervure towards the end of the third
median segment; the discocellulars are oblique, the upper one nearly twice as long as
the lower; the lower radial is depressed at the base; the first branch arises consider-
ably before the middle of the median nervure, the second in the male far from, in the
female near, the lower angle of the cell (the third median segment in the male being a
little longer than the second, and in the female quite short); the submedian nervure is
slightly angulated at the middle in the male. The secondaries are more or less
produced at the anal angle (strongly so in O. tricolor); the discocellulars are very
oblique, the lower one distinct. The body is stout. ‘The middle tibie are without
spines; the hind tibie have two pairs of spurs. ‘The primaries of the male (Tab. CV.
fig. 5) have a broad, oblique brand extending from the base of the second median
branch to a little below the first median branch, and they are also furnished with some
long hairs beneath the first median segment.

1. Orses cynisca. (Tab. CV. figg. 5, 6, 3.)

Hesperia cynisca, Swains. Zool. Ill. i. t. 40. figg. (¢ 2).

Carystus cynisca, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 296, t. 99. fig. (¢) ’.

3. Hesperia catina, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii. p. 492 (Feb. 1866) *.

Goniloba poyas, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1866, p. 337 (3) (Nov.) *.

Alis fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis macula magna subquadrata in cellula, duabus inter ramos medianos,
infima transversa, altera subtriangulari, flavo-hyalinis: subtus fere ut supra, sed rufo-tinctis, anticis in
regione costali ultra maculam cellularem flavis; posticis quoque margine externo (nisi ad angulum analem)
pallide flavis; abdomine subtus ochraceo; ciliis posticarum flavis ; tibiis rubescentibus. .

Q mari similis, sed anticis fascia obliqua venis divisa albida, posticis ad apicem albo notatis: subtus posticis
margine externo albido latiore ; ciliis pallide flavis.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyae (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Vera Cruz (Edwards) ;

NicaraGua, Chontales (Belt); Panama®, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger),

Veraguas (Arcé).—Souta America to Brazil!3, Amazons, and Trinidad.
Apparently a common species in Tropical South America, whence we have a long

* Hesperia crotona, Hew., from Venezuela, will probably form the type of a nearly allied genus; it resembles
Hi. cynisca, Swains., in having the primaries dissimilarly marked in the two sexes, and also in the rufous tibia.
but the form of the brand is very different.

ORSES.—THRACIDES. 623

series. From within our limits we possess five male specimens only; the sexes are’
remarkably different.

Hesperia itea, Swainson, is the nearest allied form we are acquainted with. We
figure the fore wing of a male of 0. cynisca, also the genitalia, for which see

Tab. CV. fig. 6.

2. Orses iricolor, sp. n. (Tab. CV. fige. 7, 8, 3.)

Alis fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis macula magna in cellula et duabus minoribus inter ramos medianos
flavo-hyalinis, ad basin et posticis fere omnino viridi-ceruleo tinctis: subtus fuscis, purpureo lavatis,
anticis area mediana obscuriore, maculis ut supra, in costa maculam cellularem attingente et apici propiore,
flavo notatis; posticis fasciis duabus obliquis subparallelibus, una a margine costali juxta apicem ad
marginem externum, altera basi propiore angulum analem versus, extendentibus, et margine interno ipso,
sulphureis ; capite et corpore supra viridibus, ceruleo tinctis; ciliis ad angulum analem anticarum, et
posticis omnino, griseis ; tibiis rufis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger),

Of this very fine species there is a single male example in Dr. Staudinger’s collection.
It is allied to O. cynisca (Swains.), and has the yellow spots of the primaries similarly
shaped and placed, but it may easily be separated from that species by the greenish-
blue sheen on the upperside of the wings and by the pale longitudinal stripes on the
underside of the secondaries; the secondaries, too, are more produced at the anal

angle.

THRACIDES,
Thracides, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 105 (1816) (part.); Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 122.

The type of Thracides, Papilio phidon, Cram., has a very narrow, oblique, inter-
rupted brand on the primaries in the male, but in several other species which we
include here this is absent. They are all Tropical-American forms of large size,
and many of them have the base of the wings and the upperside of the body shot
with blue.

The antenne are very long, nearly reaching the end of the cell, and have an
elongate club, terminating in a long crook. The palpi are densely clothed with
scales; the third joint is very short and almost concealed. The primaries are elongate
and somewhat pointed; the cell is nearly two-thirds the length of the costa; the
discocellulars are very oblique, the upper one more than twice the length of the lower,
the latter a little shorter than the third median segment; the first branch arises
considerably before the middle of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle
of the cell. The secondaries are produced at the anal angle ; the discocellulars are
very oblique, the lower one quite distinct. The body is very robust. The middle
tibie are spined in 7. phidon, unarmed in T. longirostris and others; the hind tibie

have two pairs of spurs. The primaries of the males of 7. phidon and T. aurifer have
42

624 RHOPALOCERA.

a linear, interrupted, oblique brand extending from the base of the second median
branch to the middle of the submedian nervure, this being absent in the other
species; those of 7. molion have a dense fringe of long hairs beneath the submedian
nervure in the male.

We figure the fore wing of 7. phidon to show the neuration ; see Tab. CV. fig. 9.

a. The upperside of the body and the base of the wings shot with blue.
a’. Primaries branded in the male, and with hyaline spots.

1. Thracides phidon. (Tab. CV. figg. 9, 10, ¢.)

Papilio phidon, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 245. ff. F. G'.

Thracides phidon, Wats. P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 122’.

Alis fuscis, stigmate pallidiore, triente basali nitide ceruleo, anticis maculis duabus in cellula, una subovali,
altera minuta apici propiore (illa interdum absente), tertia majore curvata et elongata inter ramos
medianos primum et secundum, quarta transversa inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium, omnibus
albo-hyalinis ; posticis ad basin pilis ceruleis ornatis: subtus lete rubiginosis, anticis ad apicem gilvis,
bitriente costali et plaga magna supra venam submedianam albis, aliter maculis ut supra; posticis ad
basin albidis, ultra cellulam maculis quatuor aut quinque in serie irregulari, flavis ; corpore supra nitente
ceruleo, subtus ochraceo ; ciliis anticarum ad angulum analem et posticis omnino ochraceis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui, Calobre, Veraguas (Arcé).—CoLomsBia; Gurana!; Norra
BRAZIL.

Our collection contains eight specimens of this fine species, all males, three of them
being from the State of Panama. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CV. fig. 10.

b’. Primaries not branded in the male®*.

a'. Primaries with hyaline spots.

2. Thracides deceptus. (Tab. CV. figg. 11, 12, 2.)
Carysius deceptus, Butl. & Druce, Cist. Ent. i. p. 112°.

Q. Alis fuscis, triente basali nitide ceruleo, anticis maculis tribus magnis in linea obliqua, una in cellula
secunda inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia angulo anali propiore, alia inter ramos
medianos secundum et tertium, omnibus hyalinis: subtus pallidioribus et rufescentioribus, anticis costa et
apice griseis, posticis ad basin presertim quoque griseis, angulum analem versus ochraceo suffusis; corpore

supra cerulev ; palpis subtus albidis; cruribus et abdomine subtus ochraceis; ciliis ad angulum analem
anticarum et posticis omnino coloris ejusdem.

Hab. Costa Rica (Van Patten).

This species, the type of which, a female, is now in our collection, perhaps most
nearly resembles 7. phidon (Cramer), but differs from the latter in having much

larger hyaline spots on the primaries. As the male is unknown, its true position is
doubtful.

* The male of 7. deceptus has yet to be discovered.

THRACIDES. 625

3. Thracides luda. (Tab. CV. figg. 13, 14, 15, 3.)
Hesperia luda, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 80°.
Proteides hundurensis, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. lxxxv (2)’.

Alis obscure fuscis, anticis ad basin ceruleis, maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una supra venam submedianam,
secunda majore inter ramos medianos, tertia inter ramos secundum et tertium, alia geminata in cellula,
hyalinis ; posticis ceruleo tinctis: subtus nigro-fuscis, anticis maculis ut supra, sed infima elongata et
multo majore, margine exteriore pallidiore; posticis puncto albido ad cellule finem, margine externo
et ad angulum analem griseis ; ciliis ad angulum analem anticarum et posticis omnino albidis ; capite et
corpore supra viridi-ceruleis ; palpis subtus griseis.

2 nobis ignota.

Hab. Honpuras (mus. Staudinger *), San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Panama,
Chiriqui (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger), Veraguas (Arcé).— GUIANA.

Three males of this species, two from within our limits and one from Guiana, are
before us. 7’. duda differs from 7. phidon in the absence of the brand on the primaries
of the male; the blue colour on the upper surface is less brilliant, there is a large
geminate hyaline spot in the cell of the primaries, and the underside of the body and
the legs are darker. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CV. fig. 15.

4. Thracides molion, sp.n. (Tab. CV. figs. 16, 17, 18, 3.)

Alis fuscis, triente basali nitide ceruleo, anticis infra venam submedianam pilis longis vestitis, maculis duabus
magnis, una geminata in cellula, altera subquadrata infra eam inter ramos medianos primum et
secundum, punctisque duobus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus hyalinis: subtus colore fusco
pallidiore, maculis ut supra, anticis regione costali et plaga angulum analem versus albidis, posticis quoque
ad cost basin late albis ; capite et corpore supra viridi-ceruleis, subtus ochraceo-fuscis ; palpis et corpore
subtus pallide ochraceis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Mr. H. H. Smith has sent us a single male. example of this species from Eastern
Mexico. 7. molion is not unlike T. cincia (Hew.), from Para, but the blue is of a
lighter tint above and the base of the costa of the secondaries beneath is white ; the
primaries have a dense fringe of very long hairs beneath the submedian nervure,
a mark of the male sex. T. brescia (Hew.), from Pard, is another allied form, but
it has no subapical spots on the primaries and the wings are not metallic blue at
the base. For the genitalia, see Tab. CV. fig. 18.

5. Thracides seron, sp.n. (Tab. CV. figg. 19, 20, 3.)

Alis fuscis, triente basali nitente czruleo, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua infra et ultra cellulam, infima
fere obsoleta, secunda inter ramos medianos primum et secundum transversa et maxima, hyalinis: subtus
rubiginosis, anticis area mediana obscuriore, maculis ut supra, sed infima majore, posticis ad basin nitide
cxruleis ; corpore supra et subtus coloris ejusdem ; ciliis ad angulum analem anticarum et posticis omnino
ochraceis.

@ ignota,

Hab. Honpuras (Wittkugel, in mus. Staudinger).

626 RHOPALOCERA.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a male example of this species, which is all we have seen
of it. TZ. seron somewhat resembles 7. phidon, but has only two conspicuous hyaline
spots on the primaries and the underside is much more uniformly coloured ; the brand,
too, is absent.

b". Primaries without hyaline spots.

6. Thracides henricus. (Tab. CV. figg. 21, 22, 23, 3.)
Telegonus henricus, Staud. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 112°.
Telegonus mardonius, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 207’.

Alis nigro-fuscis, ad basin nitide ceruleis, posticis plica abdominali ad basin penicillatis: subtus brunneis,
anticis ad angulum analem flavidis, posticis margine externo usque ad angulum analem lete flavis ; ciliis
ochraceis ; capite et corpore supra viridi-ceruleis, subtus obscuris, viridi tinctis.

Hab. Panama, Chiviqui! (Ribbe & Trotsch, ex Staudinger).

Three males and one female of this species are before us, all from Chiriqui, whence
Dr. Staudinger’s type was obtained. Mdéschler? merely gives Central America, without
precise locality, for his 7. mardonius. Superficially, 7. henricus closely resembles
Telegonus chiriquensis, Staudinger (anted, p. 308), but the neuration shows that it
belongs to the Pamphiline and not to the Hesperiine. There is no brand on the
primaries in the male, but there is a pencil of hairs at the base of the abdominal fold
of the secondaries in this sex. For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CV. fig. 23.

7. Thracides aroma, (Tab. CV. figg. 24, ¢; 25, 26, 9.)
Hesperia aroma, Hew. Descr. Sp. Hesp. p. 24 (1867).

Alis fuscis, ad basin cum corpore nitide ceruleo-viridibus: subtus anticis coste dimidio basali late coloris
ejusdem, margine interno late albo; posticis fascia obscuriore discali ad cellule finem ; ciliis griseis.
© mari similis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Santa Clara valley (Zurcher).—Amazons, Santarem, Paré !.

We have a single female of this species from Costa Rica, agreeing with others from
Para, whence Hewitson’s type was obtained. It is a close ally of 7. henricus. The
genitalia are figured from a South-American male; see Tab. CV. fig. 24.

6. The upperside of the body and the base of the wings without metallic lustre.

c’. Primaries branded in the male, and with numerous hyaline spots, their distal half
with a steely lustre ; secondaries with golden spots beneath.

8. Thracides aurifer. (Tab. CV. figg. 27, 28, 3.)
Hesperia aurifer, Godm. & Salv. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 1557.

Alis nigro-fuscis, stigmate grisescente, anticis dimidio distali nitente chalybeo, maculis quinque in serie obliqua
infra et ultra cellulam, una ad venam submedianam, secunda inter ramos medianos primum et secundum
permagna et cordiformi, tertia inter ramos secundum et tertium, duabus minutis ultra eos, duabus in
cellula, punctisque tribus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis: subtus rufo-brunneis,

THRACIDES. 627

anticis area mediana ad marginem internum extendente, nigro-fuscis, maculis ut supra; posticis maculis
septem aureis, una ad cellule finem, sex in serie transversa ultra eam, margine interno ferrugineo ;
oculorum ambitu rufo; abdomine subtus flavo ; ciliis posticarum alterne fuscis et albis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu ( Rogers 1).

This fine species was described by Salvin and myself twenty years ago from a single
male example from Costa Rica, and it still remains unique. We know nothing closely
allied to 7. aurifer, and place the insect in Thracides with some reserve. The primaries
have a steely lustre on their distal half, a character we omitted to note in the original
description, this peculiarity being also shown in the two species of the genus Celiades,
to which, however, the present insect is not very nearly allied.

d'. Primaries not branded in the male *.
c". Primaries with hyaline or flavo-hyaline spots, the secondaries immaculate above.

9. Thracides polles, sp.n. (Lab. CV. fige. 29, 30, 9 .)

2. Alis fuscis, maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una ad venam submedianam, secunda inter ramos medianos
primum et secundum maxima et externe valde angulata, tertia ultra eam, una elongata in cellula,
punctisque duobus aut tribus in linea obliqua subapicalibus, flavo-hyalinis: subtus anticis ut supra, sed
pallidioribus, area mediana obscuriore, angulum analem versus litura magna flavescente ; posticis (margine
costali excepto) griseis, maculis tribus indistinctis discalibus albidis ; capite et corpore subtus griseis.

Hab. Nicaracva, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Staudinger), Bugaba
(Champion).—Braziu.

We have seen five specimens of this species, all females, three being from within
our limits. It is easily separable from most of its allies by the grey underside of the
secondaries. In one of Dr. Staudinger’s Brazilian examples the spots on the primaries
are’much reduced in size, those near the apex and the one in the cell being absent.
In the absence of the male, we refer this insect to Thracides with some hesitation.

10. Thracides placens. (Tab. CVI. figg. 1, 2, 2.)
Carystus placens, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 433°.
_ Proteides laurens, Mab. Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxxv

Alis nigro-fuscis, anticis ad basin ferrugineis, maculis quatuor in linea obliqua, una ad venam submedianam,
secunda majore inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam, et quarta minutissima apici
propiore, macula quoque in cellula, duabus in linea transversa subapicalibus, omnibus albo-hyalinis ;
posticis (nisi ad marginem costalem) ferrugineis: subtus leete purpureo-fuscis, maculis ut supra, anticis apice
griseo notatis, dimidio basali ares costalis et posticis ad basin late albidis; posticis ad medium marginis
interni flavis, angulum analem versus ferrugineis; palpis et corpore subtus sordide albis; ventre ferrugineo,
2 mari similis,
Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui ?.—Cotomsia 1,

Dr. Butler's type of this species, a male, is in our collection, and we have a female
of it from Chiriqui, whence Mabille’s specimen of Proteides laurens was obtained.

* The male of 7’. polles is unknown.

628 RHOPALOCERA.

d'. Primaries with large, the secondaries with small *, flavo-hyaline spots.

11. Thracides salius. (Tab. CVI. figg. 3, 4, 5, 3.)
Papilio salius, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 68. f. E’.
Hesperia antoninus, Latr. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 746°.
Goniloba mathiolus, Herr.-Schaff. Prodr. Syst. Lep. ili. p. 74°.

Alis fuscis, anticis dimidio basali coste et marginis interni pilis fulvis vestitis, maculis quatuor in linea obliqua,
una ad venam submedianam quadrata, secunda inter ramos medianos primum et secundum majore, tertia
ultra eam et quarta minutissima apici propiore, una in cellula subquadrata, duabus parvis in linea trans-
versa subapicalibus, posticis maculis duabus aut tribus ultra cellulam, omnibus flavo-hyalinis : subtus fere
ut supra, sed anticis coste dimidio basali ochraceo, area mediana obscuriore, ad apicem purpureo-griseis ;
posticis dimidio basali cinereo-griseis, ad apicem late purpureo tinctis; palpis et corpore subtus albidis.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Acaguizotla in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Rinconada (coll. Schaus),
Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); GuatemMata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson),
Polochic Valley (F. D. G. & O. S8.); Nicaragua, Chontales (elt), Matagalpa
(Richardson); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui (Ribbe, ex
Staudinger), Veraguas (Arcé).—Sovutu America to the Argentine Republic.

Two species are generally confused under the name of 7. sa/ius (Cram.). The
examples we refer to it agree very well with Cramer’s figure and description; the
others, which we separate under the name of 7. longirostris (Sepp), constantly differ in
having the hyaline spot in the cell of the primaries comma-shaped.

There is considerable variation in the number of the subapical spots in the females
of both species ; in 7. salius they vary in number from one to three, and we have one
South-American example in our series in which the spots on the secondaries are
altogether wanting. On the underside, the apex of the primaries and a great portion
of the secondaries, the anal angle excepted, usually have a bluish or greenish tinge in
certain lights ; the secondaries, too, are constantly whitish at the base. Dr. Staudinger
has sent us a specimen of the present species under the name of G. mathiolus,
Herr.-Schaff.

The South-American Hesperia fischeri, Latr., is another closely-allied form, but differs
in having the spots white instead of yellow, those on the secondaries being larger, and
these wings have not the pale base beneath.

We figure a male from Bugaba, also the genitalia, for which see Tab. CVI. fig. 5.

12. Thracides longirostris. (Tab. CVI. figg. 6,7, 8, ¢; 9, 3, var.)
Papilio longirostris, Sepp, Surin. Vlind. i. t. 27’.
Hesperia fischeri, Hew. Exot. Butt. v., Hesperia, f. 10* (nec Latreille).

T. salio similis, sed macula in cellula anticarum litteram C formante: subtus anticis ad apicem et dimidio
distali frequenter rubescentioribus.

* Except in some of the varieties of 7’. salius and J. longirostris.

THRACIDES, 629

Hab. MExico, Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Riimelt) ;
GuaTEMALA, San Isidro, Panima (Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Nicaragua, Ghontales (Belt); Cosra Rica, San Francisco, Caché, Irazu (Rogers) ;
Panama, Bugaba, Veraguas, Calobre (Arcé), Chiriqui (Ridbe), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).
—SovutH AMERICA to Brazil; Trinrpap. '

_ This insect is commoner than TZ. salius, but has a similar distribution. Our
series includes about sixty specimens, in all of which the C-shaped spot in the cell
is prominent ; in one or two cases it is divided into two. The variation in size is very
great, some of the males being extremely small and several of the females exceedingly
large—T”. longirostris, in fact, varying more in this respect than any other Hesperiid
we are acquainted with.

The spots on the secondaries are variable in number, as in 7. saliws, and occasion-
ally are absent. In the female the outer spot on the secondaries is often large and
quadrate, which does not appear to be the case in any of the varieties of 7. salius.
We have a single male from Chiriqui which has the underside of a uniform fuscous
colour, with the costa and apex of the primaries, and the secondaries, except along
the inner margin, strongly suffused with purple (fig. 9); we look upon this as an
extreme variety, since having dissected the genitalia we find that they agree with those
_of the present species.

Hewitson has wrongly figured this species as the female of Hesperia fischeri, Latr.,
of which we possess examples of both sexes.

We figure a typical male from Atoyac, also a variety from Chiriqui, and the genitalia,
for which see Tab. CVI. fig. 8.

13. Thracides chiomara. (Tab. CVI. fig. 10, ¢.)
Hesperia chiomara, Hew. Exot. Butt. v., Hesperia, f. 19 (¢)’.
Talides chiomara, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 122°.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una ad venam submedianam, secunda magna et sublunata,
tertia ultra eam, macula in cellula subquadrata, duabus vena tantum divisa subapicalibus, omnibus flavo-
hyalinis ; posticis maculis duabus ultra cellulam quoque flavo-hyalinis : subtus rubescentioribus, maculis
ut supra, anticis area mediana obscure fusca.

@ nobis ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (e# Staudinger).—Guiana; Amazons !.

Our collection contains four males of this species, one only of which is from Central
America. They agree well with Hewitson’s figure. 7. chiomara is very like T. salius,
but differs from it in having the costa and apex of the primaries and the secondaries,
except at the anal angle, reddish-brown beneath. The genitalia also differ in form,

see Tab. CVI. fig. 10.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER,, Rhopal., Vol. II., Aprii 1901. 4M

630 RHOPALOCERA.

e". Primaries immaculate above, the secondaries more or less yellow
at the anal angle.

14. Thracides xanthura, sp.n. (Tab. CVI. figg. 11, 12, 13, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, posticis margine externo angulum analem versus plus minusve flavo-notatis: subtus rubescen-
tidribus, anticis area mediana ad marginem internum fusca, ultra cellulam purpureo suffusis, margine
externo ad angulum analem anguste flavo; posticis disco cellulari late purpureo tinctis, margine externo
ultra eum, et ad angulum analem late, flavis, ad angulum ipsum striga fusca notatis ; ciliis posticarum.
flavis ; palpis subtus griseis ; abdomine subtus flavo.

mari similis, sed posticis ad angulum analem late flavo marginatis: subtus striga posticarum absente.

Hab. British Honporas, Corosal (Roe); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ;
Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger).—CoLoMBIA.

Dr. Staudinger has lent us for examination three examples of this very distinct
species—a pair from Chiriqui and a male from farther south; Mr. Champion obtained
two specimens of it at Bugaba ; and we have two males from Honduras.

This insect is very like Rhinthon epaphus, but the absence of the brand on the
primaries of the male, the longer crook to the antenne, and the yellow border to the
anal angle of the secondaries sufficiently distinguish it. The yellow coloration varies
in extent, being reduced to a narrow marginal line in the single male from Corosal;
but in the females it is always greatly extended. TZ. wxanthura will probably have
to be removed from the genus Thracides, but for the present it can remain here.
For the genitalia of the male, see Tab. CVI. fig. 13.

PERICHARES.
Perichares, Scudder, Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 81 (1872); Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 122.

The type of this genus is Papilio coridon, Fabr., and it includes Telegonus lotus,
Butl., and various other Tropical-American species. Perichares is very closely allied
to Talides, but has more produced primaries, a longer cell, and the third median
segment is nearly half the length of the second. In both genera there is a conspicuous
oblique brand on the primaries of the male. In P. lotus the hyaline spots on the
primaries are different in number and position in the two sexes.

The antenne are very long, nearly reaching the end of the cell, and have an elongate
club terminating in a long crook. The palpi are densely clothed with scales; the third
joint is almost entirely concealed. The primaries are elongate and rather pointed; the
cell is two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are almost ina line with
the third median segment and very oblique, the upper one more than twice the length
of the lower; the lower radial is strongly depressed at the base; the first branch
arises considerably before the middle of the median nervure, the second a long way
before the lower angle of the cell; the third median segment is twice the length of
the lower discocellular, and nearly half that of the second segment. The secondaries
are produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars are very oblique, the lower one

PERICHARES, 631

distinct. The body is very robust. The middle tibice are furnished with short spines,
the hind tibize with two pairs of spines. ‘The primaries of the male have a well-defined
oblique brand extending from the base of the second median branch to the middle of
the submedian nervure.

P. agrippa has the third median segment of the primaries shorter than in either
P. corydon or P. lotus, but it agrees with these two species in other respects. We
figure the fore wing of a male of P. corydon, see Tab. CVI. fig. 14.

a. ‘The hyaline spots on the primaries similarly placed in the two sexes.

1. Perichares corydon. (‘lab. CVI. figg. 14, 15, 3.)
Papilio coridon, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 533°.
Proteides coridon, Butl. Cat. Diurn. Lep. Fabr. p. 264, t. 3. f. 6 (2 )*.
Perichares corydon, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 123°.
Hesperia phocion, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 335.
Eudamus trinidad, Luc. in Sagra’s Hist. fis., polit. y nat. de Cuba, Ins. p. 268’.
6. Goniloba dolores, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1868, p. 87 °.
Hesperia adela, Hew. Exot. Butt. v., Hesperia, ff. 1-38 (3 9)’.
Perichares marmorata, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 81 (1872) °.

Alis fuscis ad basin viridi tinctis, stigmate grisescente, anticis maculis tribus in linea obliqua, una ad venam
submedianam interdum obsoleta, secunda inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia ultra eam,
macula in cellula litteram C formante, flavo-hyalinis: subtus ut supra, anticis macula submediana flava et
majore, ad apicem posticisque (nisi ad marginem internum) griseo-marmoratis ; corpore supra nitente
viridi; ciliis albidis ad venarum fines fuscis; palpis subtus obscure griseis; tibiis rufis; abdomine

subtus ochraceo.
2 mari similis, sed macula inter ramos medianos primum et secundum subquadrata et majore, infra ramum

medianum primum extendente.

Hab. Mexico, Tepetlapa, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Paso de San Juan (coll.
Schaus), Vera Cruz (Edwards), Orizaba (Elwes), Jalapa (Hége), Coatepec (Brooks),
Valladolid (Gawmer); GuatmMaLa, Chisoy Valley, Duentas (/. D. G. & O.S.), Panima
(Champion), San Gerdénimo (fF. D. G. & O. S., Champion); Honpuras, Ruatan I.
(Gaumer); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt) ; Cosra ‘Rica (Van Patten), Rio Sucio, Caché,
Trazu (fogers); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Zrétsch, Champion), Veraguas
(Arcé).—South America to Brazil’; ANTILLES, Cuba®, Jamaica 124, Haiti.

A common Tropical-American species, varying a good deal in the size and shape
of the flavo-hyaline spots on the primaries, these being much larger in the female than
the male; the spot nearest the inner margin in the latter sex is sometimes absent.
We have seen Mr. Scudder’s type of P. marmorata from Venezuela *®, and it does
not differ from our long series. We have a female from Chiriqui, as well as one
from Brazil, in which the spots are all very large, and the submedian spot confluent
with the one exterior to it. In some specimens there is no trace of the greenish
tinge on the body and base of the wings. For the genitalia of the male, see

Tab. CVI. fig. 15.
4m 2

632 RHOPALOCERA.

2. Perichares agrippa, sp.n. (Tab. CVI. figg. 16, 17, ¢ .)
Alis fuscis, ad basin viridi tinctis, stigmate grisescente, anticis maculis tribus albo-hyalinis, una elongata
obliqua et curvata in cellula, secunda transversa inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, tertia minore
ultra eam: subtus ut supra, sed paulo pallidioribus, anticis costa albida apicem versus, posticis sparsim
griseo suffusis; ciliis ad angulum analem anticarum et posticis omnino ochraceis; abdomine subtus
coloris eyusdem ; palpis quoque pilis sordide albis ; clava antennarum subtus ochracea.
© ignota.
Hab, Nicaracva, Chontales (Belt).

One worn male of this very distinct species was given us by Belt. It is most nearly

allied to P. corydon (Fabr.), but the underside of the secondaries is less mottled and
the fringe of these wings is ochreous.

b. The hyaline spots differently placed in the two sexes, yellow in the male, white
in the female.

3. Perichares lotus. (Tab. CVI. figg. 18, 19, 20, ¢; 21, 22, ¢.)
9. Telegonus lotus, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, p. 495°.

Alis fuscis, ad basin nitente viridibus, stigmate grisescente, anticis macula magna in cellula extrinsecus exca-
vata, altera elongata infra eam inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium, flavo-hyalinis: subtus ut
supra, sed pallidioribus, anticis ad apicem et posticis (margine interno excepto) griseo-marmoratis ; cillis

albidis ; corpore supra viridi.
Q. Alis fuscis, ad basin nitente viridibus, fascia obliqua venis interrupta a cellule medio angulum analem
versus extendente, et macula transversa inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium, albo-hyalinis: subtus

griseo-marmoratis sicut in mari; corpore supra viridi.
Hab. Mexico (coll. nostr.), Jalapa, Coatepec (coil. Schaus); Panama, Chiriqui (coll.
Staudinger).—CoLomBia ; VENEZUELA!; Ecuapor; TRINIDAD.

Mr Schaus has three males and a female of this species from the neighbourhood of
Jalapa in Mexico, and we have two examples from the same country without precise
localities; Dr. Staudinger, too, has lent us a specimen from Chiriqui. We have a
female from Parana which evidently belongs to a closely allied form, but in this the
oblique white band on the primaries is. very narrow, and there is no spot beyond it
between the median branches. The sexes, as pointed out above, are very different.
The type of Telegonus lotus, a female, is in our collection. |

The males are very like those of P. corydon, with which the species is confused in
the Hewitson collection; there are, however, only two hyaline spots on the primaries
in this sex; the females are very dissimilar. We figure a pair from Jalapa, from
Mr. Schaus’s collection; also the genitalia of the male, for which see Tab. CVI.
fig. 20.

TALIDES.
Talides, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 106 (1816) (part.) ; Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 122.

Watson takes as the type of this genus Papilio sergestus, Cram., and associates with
it various other Tropical-American species, one at least of which (Hesperia chiomara,

TALIDES. 633

Hew.) is without a brand in the male. We here retain the generic name Talides
solely for the branded forms, one only of which, the type, enters our limits.

The antenne and palpi are formed as in Perichares. The primaries are pointed ;
the cell is much less than two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are
moderately oblique, the upper one more than twice the length of the lower; the lower
radial is greatly depressed at the base; the first branch arises a little before the middle
of the median nervure, the second near the lower angle of the cell; the third median
segment is short. The secondaries are produced at the anal angle; the discocellulars
are very oblique, the lower one distinct. ‘The body is very robust. ‘The middle tibie
are furnished with short spines, the hind tibiee with two pairs of spurs. The primaries
of the male have a conspicuous oblique brand extending from the base of the second
median branch to a little before the middle of the submedian nervure.

We figure the fore wing of a male of 7. sergestus, see Tab. CVI. fig. 23.

1. Talides sergestus. (Tab. CVI. figg. 23, 24, ¢; 25, 26, 3, var.)
—, Clerck, Icon. t. 42. f. 2 (nec Linn.) *.
3. Papilio sergestus, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 74. f. C’.
Talides sergestus, Wats. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 122°.
2. Papilio sinon, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 342. ff. D, E*.

Alis fuscis, ferrugineo tinctis, stigmate grisescente, anticis regione costali ferrugineo, maculis duabus aut
tribus irregularibus in linea obliqua, una in cellula geminata, punctisque tribus in linea transversa sub-
apicalibus, flavo-hyalinis; posticis macula coloris ejusdem discali: subtus rubescentioribus, maculis ut
supra, ad marginem externum purpureo tinctis, margine interiore late pallidiore ; posticis indistincte fusco
marmoratis, macula flava discali ut supra; capite et corpore subtus lete ferrugineis; ciliis anticarum
et posticarum ochraceis.

? mari similis, sed anticis maculis omnibus magnis, ea inter ramos medianos primum et secundum elongata
et obliqua, una quoque semper in vena submediana: subtus anticis margine externo et posticis omnino
grisescentioribus.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatmmata,
San Gerénimo (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Purula and San Juan in Vera Paz (Champion) ;
Nicaraaua, Chontales (Belt); Panama, Chiriqui (Ribble), Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas
(Areé).—SoutH America to Guiana ?+ and Brazil, Trinidad.

Linneus quoted Clerck’s figure of this species under the name Papilio thrax, but it
evidently applies to the Tropical-American insect subsequently described by Cramer
as P. sergestus. P. thrax is a well-known eastern species.

This fine insect is not uncommon in Central America, ranging as far north as the

Mexican State of Vera Cruz. Both sexes vary a good deal in the colour of the under-
side of the secondaries,

The female, described by Cramer under the name of P. sinon, has much larger
spots on the primaries and an additional one near the submedian nervure. Some
males have the spots on the primaries nearly as large as in the females, and the yellow
submedian spot present (figg. 25, 26). For the genitalia, see Tab. CVI. fig. 24.

634 RHOPALOCERA.

PYRRHOPYGOPSIS, gen. nov.

There are certain Tropical-American species of Hesperiidee which have very much
the facies of Pyrrhopyge and Phocides, from which they differ in the neuration of the
primaries: the cell is shorter, the upper discocellular is more than twice the length of
the lower, &c. These forms, of which Pyrrhopyge socrates, Mén., may be taken as the
type, belong really to the Pamphiline, near Thracides, and a new name is required
for them. They differ from Thracides and its allies in having stouter legs and the
discocellulars of the secondaries less oblique; the males are without a brand on the
primaries, and have a tuft of very long hairs in the abdominal fold of the secondaries.
Erycides orasus and E. romula, Druce, and E. tenebricosa, Hew., belong here; one
species only, E. orasus, enters our limits.

The antennz are moderately long, and have an elongate club, terminating in a long
slender crook. The palpi are densely scaled; the third joint is very short and almost
concealed. The primaries are elongate, rather pointed at the tip; the cell is less than
two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars are very oblique, the upper one
more than twice the length of the lower, the latter shorter than the third median
segment ; the lower radial is depressed at the base ; the first branch arises long before
the middle of the median nervure, the second at some little distance before the lower
angle of the cell. The secondaries are prolonged at the anal angle; the discocellulars
are moderately oblique, the lower one distinct. Legs stout ; hind tibie furnished with
two pairs of spurs and a fringe of long hairs, the femora also fringed with long hairs.
The primaries of the male are without trace of a brand ; the secondaries have a tuft
of long hairs in the abdominal fold in this sex.

We figure the fore wing of a male of P. orasus, see ‘Tab. CVI. fig. 29.

1. Pyrrhopygopsis orasus. (Tab. CVI. figg. 27-80, 3.)
Erycides orasus, Druce, P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 248, t. 18. f£.9°.
Pyrrhopyge socrates, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 294, t. 99. f. 14 (3) ” (nee Ménétr.).

Alis nitente chalybeo-nigris: subtus coloris ejusdem, anticis costa et apice late et posticis dimidio externo
(nisi ad angulum analem) viridi tinctis, posticis area basali late alba; capite, palpis et abdomine ad
apicem rufis ; ciliis albis.

Hab. Panama (Ribbe, in mus. Staudinger).—Soutu AMERICA to Peru !.

There is a single specimen of this fine species from Panama in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection. The type of FE. orasus came from Cosnipata, in Peru, and is now in our
possession. The male has a strong pencil of hairs in the abdominal fold. For the
genitalia, see Tab. CVI. fig. 30. a

HESPERIID2. 635

The following species of Hesperiide, described or recorded from Central America,
have been identified during the publication of the preceding pages. The corrections

in the synonymy, &c., will be dealt with more fully in the Supplement to the whole
subject :—

Achlyodes athymnios, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 225. —Central
America. = Aithilla lavochrea, Butl. (antea, p. 345).

Achlyodes cyrna, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. lvi (Feb. 27).—Chiriqui.
= Achlyodes fasciata, G. & S. (anted, p. 396). Mabille’s name has priority.

Achlyodes hewitsonius, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1866, p. 340.—Mexico, Vera Cruz.

== Doberes mexicanus (Feld.) (antead, p. 407). Reakirt’s name has priority.

Carcharodus mazans, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1866, p. 335.—Mexico, Vera Cruz.
= Staphylus ascalaphus (Staud.) (anted, p. 432). Reakirt’s name has priority.

Cecropterus dhega, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxvii (1891).—Jalapa.
= C. neis (Geyer) (antea, p. 328).

Cyclosemia gratiosa, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 194.—Chiriqui. This is a
varietal form of C. anastomosis, Mab. (antea, p. 376), with the whitish coloration
more extended on the secondaries beneath.

Epargyreus orizaba, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 70 (1872).—Guatemala.
— Eudamus exadeus (Cram.) (antea, p. 299).

Eudamus biolley:, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1900, p. 280.—Costa Rica. A good species
allied to E. crison. It will be figured in our Supplement.

Goniloba azul, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1866, p. 340.—Mexico, Vera Cruz. = Thymele
fulgerator (anted, p. 311).

Hesperia crisia (H.-S.), Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 74 (1872).—Cuba,
Tehuantepec, Guatemala. We have not seen a specimen of this Antillean
insect from Mexico or Guatemala, and the specimens recorded from these
places by Scudder probably belong to H. syrichtus or to one of the other
common Central-American forms of this genus (antea, pp. 449-452).

Murgaria leucophrys, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 183.—Chiriqui and Bogota.
The Chiriqui specimens referred by us to M. albociliata (anted, p. 333)
belong to it. |

Pleusioneura fritzgertneri, Bailey, Bull. Brooklyn Soc. iii. p. 62 (1881).—Salvador.
= Celenorrhinus varieqatus, G. & S. (anted, p. 383). Bailey's name has
priority.

Pyrgus georgina, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1868, p. 88.—Mexico, Vera Cruz.

= Chiomara asychis (Cram.) (antea, p. 455).

Telegonus consus, G. & S. (antead, p. 309). = 7. megalurus, Mab. Petites Nouv. Ent.
ii. p. 162 (1877); Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.! xxi. p. 25 (1878).— Colombia.
Mabille’s name has priority.

636 RHOPALOCERA.

Thymele montezuma, Scudd. Rep. Peabody <Ac. Sci. iv. p. 70 (1872).—Mexico,

Tehuantepec. = Hudamus alceus, Hew. (antea, p. 281).
Thymele vitreus, Scudd. loc. cit. p. 68.—Venezuela. = Eudamus asine, Hew. (antea,
p. 283).

Nots.—In a footnote on p. 440 a new species of Zopyrion from Brazil was described,
but the specific name was not given: it should be evenor, G. & S.

The following species of Hesperiide, recorded or described from within our limits,

remain unidentified by us. It is highly probable that many of these are synonymous
with previously described forms :—

Achlyodes gorgona, Plotz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 15 (1884 ).—Guatemala.
» nwonicus, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 14.—Mexico.
Aithilla toxeus, Plotz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxvi. p. 258 (1882).—Mexico.
Antigonus bipuncta, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 23 (1884).—Mexico.
- sericus, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 22.—Chiriqui.
» tortricinus, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 27.—Panama and Venezuela.
93 zorilia, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 112 (1886).—Panama.
Apaustus eudesmia, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlv. p. 163 (1884).—Mexico.
» euphrasia, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 166.—Mexico.
» prittwitz, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 165.—Mexico.
Cyclopides gyrans, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 393.—Mexico.
Erycides imbreus, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xl. p. 406 (1879).—Central America.
Hudamus jalapus, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliii. p. 100 (1882).—Jalapa.
», valeriana, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 99.—Mexico.
Goniurus brevicauda, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 83 (1886).—Chiriqui.
Hesperia cas, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliii. p. 439 (1882).—Chirigui.
,» angellus, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 94 (1886).—Chiriqui.
» angulis, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 91—Panama.
» autumna, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliv. p. 43 (1883).—Central America.
» eatochia, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliii. p. 342 (1882).—Mexico.
» erispinus, Plétz, loc. cit. p. 318.—Mexico.
» erratica, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliv. p. 211 (1883).— Guatemala.
» eulogius, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 64.—Mexico.
» javetta, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 41.—Chiriqui.
5 fimbriata, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliii. p. 322 (1882).—Mexico.
» ma, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 316.—Chiriqui.
» lbrita, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 100 (1886).—Panama.
» lysias, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliv. p. 200 (1883).—Chiriqui.

HESPERIID 2. 637

Hesperia noctis, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 56.—Chiriqui.
» paria, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliii. p. 315 (1882).—Chiriqui.
» piso, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 98 (1886).—Panama.
» reticulata, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliv. p. 208 (1883)—Chiriqui and
Venezuela.
» serina, Ploétz, loc. cit. p. 231.—Mexico.
» tropica, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 230.—Mexico.
» Uulphila, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 212.—Mexico.
» 2alma, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 89 (1886).—Panama.
» zenckii, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xliv. p. 196 (1883).—Mexico.
Netrocoryne coronus, Plitz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxvi. p. 77 (1882).—Chiriqui.
Nisoniades eusebius, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 38 (1884).—Central America.
- oeta, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 39.—Chiriqui and Brazil.
Pellicia corinna, Plétz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxvi. p. 254 (1882).—Mexico.
», licisca, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 254.—Nicaragua.
» albangula, H.-S. Corresp.-Blatt Regensb. 1870, p. 160 (1870).—Guatemala.
» adimidiata, H.-S. loc. cit. p. 160.—Mexico.
» ephora, H.-S. loc. cit. p. 160.—Central and 8. America.
Pyrgus albescens, Plétz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Vorpomm. xv. p. 4 (1884).—Mexico.
» insolatrixz, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 4.—Mexico.
» lycurgus, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 18.—Central America.
5 varus, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 20.—Mexico.
Tagiades chacona, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 112 (1886).—Panama.
» doria, Plétz, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 44 (1884).—Mexico.
» monartus, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 49.—Panama.
», teniatus, Plotz, loc. cit. p. 41.—Oaxaca.
» vincula, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlvii. p. 113 (1886).—Panama.
Thymelicus isidorus, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xlv. p. 287 (1884).—Mexico.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. 1]., Aprid 1901. 4Nn

SUPPLEMENT.

DANAIS (1. p. 1).

Danais plexippus (I. p. 1). |
To the localities given, add:—Muexico, N. Sonora (Morrison), near Durango city
(Becker), Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Orizaba (Elwes),
Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Teleman, San Gerdénimo (Champion); Honpuras,
San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel), Ruatan I. (Gawmer) ; Costa Rica, San Francisco (Rogers) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion).

Danais cleothera (I. p. 3).

Lo the localities given, add:—Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Rio.
Papagaio and Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Puebla (Elwes) ; GuaTEMALA,
Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), Panima, Tocoy (Champion); Nicaracua, Mata-
galpa (Richardson).

Danais berenice (I. p. 3).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison), Alamos, Pinos Altos,
(Buchan-Hepburn), Mazatlan (Forrer), near Durango city (Becker), Amula, Xucu-
manatlan and Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Acapulco (Markham), Tampico
(Richardson), Jalapa (Elwes), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Brivisn Howpuras, R. Sarstoon
(Blancaneaux); GuateMata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), Duefias, San
Gerénimo, Teleman (Champion); Woypvuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaragua,

Matagalpa (Richardson); Costa Rica, San Francisco (fogers); Panama, Bugaba
(Champion).

4. Danais eresimus.
Papilio eresimus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 175. ff. G, H'.
Danais eresimus, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. p- 517°; Godm. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1896, p- 514°,

Alis supra lateritio-fulvis, parte basali et venis obscurioribus, marginibus externis nigricantibus punctis albis
includentibus ; anticis maculis subapicalibus rotundis in serie arcuata positis a costa ad medium marginis
externi deinde margine ipso parallela, serie altera ultra cellulam in disco extendente, macula ultima
inter ramos medianos posita: subtus pallidioribus et maculis omnibus magis distinctis, posticis fusces-
centioribus, fascia maculosa indistincta discali pallidiore.

RHOPALOCERA. 639

Hab. Panama, Colon (Boucard).—Soutu America, Colombia to Guiana, Amazons
Valley?; AnrtitLus, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Vincent 3.

Of this widely ranging species we have a single male specimen taken by M. A.
Boucard near Colon.

ITUNA (L. p. 4).

Ituna lamirus (I. p. 5).
Ituna lamirus, var. completa, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 55, t. 27°.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Orizaba
(Elwes), Jalapa (coll. Schaus); Britis Honpuras, R. Hondo (Blancaneaur); Guate-

MALA, Chiacam, Senahu, Sabo, San Gerénimo (Champion); Nicaracva, Matagalpa
(Richardson).

Dr. Staudinger has sent us his Chiriqui type of the race completa. It has the whole
of the base of the primaries dark, the innermost of the light bands being reduced to
an elongated spot towards the anal angle between the submedian nervure and the first
median branch. We have similar specimens from the Cauca Valley and intermediate
forms from Colombia in which the inner band instead of being continuous is broken
up into spots.

No doubt several partially segregated races of J. /amirus are found within the limits
of its wide range, but they are not very pronounced. ‘The Mexican, Guatemalan, and
Nicaraguan form is most distinct; that of Costa Rica and Panama (I. albescens, Dist.)
is intermediate in the direction of the true J. /amirus and with it Dr. Staudinger’s
I. completa occurs. In Peru a further departure takes place in the direction of
I. phenarete.

LYCOREA (I. p. 5).

Lycorea atergatis (I. p. 6).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Orizaba (Sallé, Elwes, H. H. Smith, F. D. G.),
Cuesta de Misantla (7rwjillo), Jalapa (Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa (Hf. H. Smith); Guatemana,
Senahu, Panima, San Gerdénimo, Mirandilla, San Isidro (Champion); Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson); PanaMa, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

“OLYRAS (I. p. 7).

Olyras theon (I. p. 7).
To the localities given, add :—Muexico, Orizaba (Sal/é), Cuesta de Misantla, Jalapa
(coll. Schaus, Trujillo); GuaTemaa, Senahu in Vera Paz (Champion).

4n2

640 SUPPLEMENT.

2. Olyras staudingeri.
Olyras montagui, antea, i. p. 7 (nec Butl.)'.
Olyras staudingeri, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 242’.

O. montagui similis, sed anticis vena mediana fulva, posticis medialiter fere omnino fulva ad angulum apicalem
vix pallidioribus, fascia lata mediana semihyalina haud notata: subtus macula exteriore costali alba
majore et triangulari maculis submarginalibus anticarum albis haud interruptis,

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu!; Panama, Chiriqui !.

The receipt of additional specimens of the true 0. montagut from the Cauca Valley,
Colombia, shows that the Central-Ameriean insect referred by us to that species is
really distinct. This is Dr. Staudinger’s view, and we have named the Central-
American form after him.

TITHOREA (LI. p. 9).
Tithorea duenna (I. p. 9).
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith); British Honpvuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaur) ; GUATEMALA, Senahu,
Sabo, Purula, Chiacam, Cerro Zunil ( Champion), Solola (Richardson).

1 (a). Tithorea monosticta.
Tithorea monosticta, Godm. & Salv. Trans, Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 243°.

YT’. duenne similis, sed posticis fascia transversa integra nigra nulla, macula ad angulum apicalem tantum
notatis: subtus posticis fascia maculosa et macula flavida ad angulum apicalem.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger 1).

A female specimen lent us by Dr. Staudinger differs in the above points from
TL’. duenna, of Guatemala. From T. pinthias, from Panama, it may be known by the
narrower dark border round the apical angle of the secondaries and the single isolated
black spot on these wings.

Tithorea helicaon (I. p. 10).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, San Feliz (Champion).

We have now received two specimens from the State of Panama, agreeing with those
from Costa Rica.

Tithorea hippothous (I. p. 11).
Tithorea hippothous, antea, i. p. 11 (partim) (nec fig.).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Brrvisn
Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneauz) ; GuatemaLa, Cubilguitz in Vera Paz
(Champion). |

When describing 7. hippothous, we had before us a female from San Gerénimo

RHOPALOCERA. 641

and specimens lent us by Dr. Staudinger from Salvador. The latter he described
subsequently as 7’. salvadoris, one of them having been figured by us (t. 2. fig. 9).
_We have now a good series of examples, and it is evident that there are two species—
one an eastern form ranging from Southern Mexico to Eastern Guatemala, the other
a western one found throughout the region bordering the Pacific Ocean from the
confines of Mexico to Salvador. We restrict the name 7’. hippothous to the eastern
form. The male differs from that of TZ. salvadoris in the absence of yellow near the
apical angle of the secondaries; moreover, the median band on the same wings is, as a
rule, reduced to two or three isolated spots, whereas in T. salvadoris it usually forms,
but not always, a more or less continuous streak.

4 (a). Tithorea salvadoris.
Tithorea hippothous, antea, i. p. 11, t. 2. f. 9 (T. irene) (partim) (Sept. 1879) '.
Tithorea furea, var. salvadoris, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 73 (1888) *.

T. hippothot similis, sed anticis colore fulvo in cellula et infra eam posticisque apicem versus flavo suffusis.
Hab. Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), Torola, Mirandilla (Cham-
pion); SALVADOR (mus. Staudinger 2).

We possess ten specimens of this species, all from the Pacific slope of Guatemala,
from elevations between 1000-5000 feet.

MELINA (I. p. 12).

Melinza scylax (I. p. 12).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).

Melinza imitata (I. p. 13).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Rincon, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll.
Schaus), Orizaba (Sallé); British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux), Belize
(Mus. Brit.); GuaTemaua, Mirandilla, San Isidro (Champion).

| AERIA (I. p. 18).
Aeria agna (I. p. 15).
Aeria agna, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 70, t. 29°.
To the localities given, add:—SaLvapor (mus. Staudinger?); Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui, David, Tolé (Champion).—Trinipap ; Ecuapor.

Aeria pacifica (I. p. 16).
To the localities given, add:—Mextco, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, ‘Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Guatemaa, Cubilguitz, Teleman, Panzos, Torola, Zapote, San Isidro
(Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

642 SUPPLEMENT.

| THYRIDIA (I. p. 16).
Thyridia melantho (I. p. 17).
To the localities given, add:—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Panama,
Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Sent us in abundance from Bugaba.

MECHANITIS (I. p. 18).

Mechanitis lycidice (I. p. 19).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Britisu Hoypuras, Rio Hondo, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaur); Guats-
MALA, Senahu, Panima, Cahabon, Teleman, Tucuru, San Juan, San Gerdnimo, San
Isidro, Mirandilla (Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Nicaraava,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Mechanitis isthmia (I. p. 20).
To the locality given, add:—Honpuras (Dyson), San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ;
Panama, David, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Mechanitis doryssus (I. p. 21).

To the localities given, add:—Mzxico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux); Guatemata, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson), Panzos, Purula, Chiacam, Panima, Mirandilla (Champion) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

3 (4). Mechanitis saturata.
Mechanitis doryssus, var., antea, i. p. 21, t. 4. f. 27.
Mechanitis doryssus, var. saturatus, Staud. MS.?

Hab. Honvuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Costa Rica (Van Patten), Caché,
Trazu (fogers); Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger), Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion),
Calobre (Arcé).

We have now seen many specimens of this large dark race of MV. doryssus to which
we have already called attention. This form seems sufficiently marked to require a
distinctive name, but in some localities it most likely passes gradually into the more
typical M. doryssus.

Mechanitis labotas (I. p. 21).
To the localities given, add :—Cosra Rica, Irazu (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

RHOPALOCERA. 643

Mechanitis macrinus (I. p. 22).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui (mus.

Staudinger).

Dr. Staudinger sends us a male and female of this insect from Chiriqui. The latter
has a distinct black band across the secondaries, and thus differs from the ordinary
female of this species. Both it and the male agree in having a small amount of yellow
at the end of the cell of the primaries. We possess males thus coloured, but none

of the other sex.

CERATINIA (I. p. 22).

Ceratinia decumana (I. p. 23).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Ceratinia cleis (I. p. 23).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Ceratinia dionza (I. p. 24).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Cubil-

guitz, Chiacam and Senahu in Vera Paz, Mirandilla (Champion).

Ceratinia fenestella (I. p. 24).
To the localities given, add:—Guatemata, Cubilguitz and Teleman in Vera Paz

(Champion); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Ceratinia leucania (I. p. 25).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Ceratinia callispila (I. p. 25).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

NAPEOGENES (I. p. 26).

Napeogenes tolosa (I. p. 27).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel); GuatTeMAaLa,—

Cubilguitz, Chiacam, Cahabon, Senahu, and San Juan in Vera Paz (Champion).

The Nicaraguan and other southern localities previously quoted under WN. tolosa

belong to the following species, V. amara.

644 . SUPPLEMENT.

2 (a). Napeogenes amara.
Napeogenes tolosa, antea, i. p. 27, t. 8. f. 4 (partim) ’.
Napeogenes amara, Godm. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 158 (1899) *.

NV. tolose similis, sed colore nigro apicali basin versus magis extenso maculisque apicalibus flavis minoribus
Hab. Nicaracua!?; Costa Rica12; Panama !2.
Mr. Richardson has sent us additional specimens of this insect from Matagalpa,

Nicaragua, and Mr. Champion also met with it at Bugaba and on the Volcan de
Chiriqui.

DIRCENNA (L. p. 28).

Dircenna klugi (I. p. 28).
Dircenna klugii, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 57, t. 27°.

To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Cuesta de Misantla (1. Trujillo), Jalapa
(coll. Schaus), Orizaba (Elwes, F. D. G., H. H. Smith), Acaguizotla, Vera Cruz, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Brivisa Honpvras, R. Sarstoon (Blancaneauxr); Guatemata, Cahabon,
Chiacam, Senabu, Teleman, El Tumbador, Las Mercedes, San Isidro (Champion),
Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Dircenna relata (I. p. 29).
To the localities given, add:—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Panama,
Volcan de Chiriqui 2500 to 4000 feet ( Champion).

Dircenna euchytma (I. p. 30).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Panzos, Teleman, Chacoj, and Panima in
Vera Paz (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Costa Rica, Santa
Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba, David, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

CALLITHOMIA (I. p. 31).

Callithomia hezia (I. p. 31).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel) ; Costa Rica,
Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui, David, Tolé
(Champion). .

Sent us in abundance from the State of Panama.

Callithomia hedila (I. p. 32).

To the localities given, add :—GuateMata, Cubilguitz, Panima, Teleman (Champion).

RHOPALOCERA. 645

4. Callithomia megaleas,
Callithomia megaleas, Godm. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1898, p. 111°.

Alis anticis nigricantibus ad basin fulvis, maculis sex submarginalibus ad costam extendentibus, stria inter
venam medianam et ramum suum secundum fasciaque obliqua ultra cellulam, flavis, fascia obliqua per
cellulam, altera inter ramos medianos, fulvis ; posticis fulvis unicoloribus, margine externo angusto nigro :
subtus ut supra, anticis ad apicem et ad angulum analem punctis albis notatis, posticis quoque area
subcostali nigra. ;

Hab. Panama, David (Champion 1).

We have a single female only of this distinct species.

CALLOLERIA (I. p. 33).

Calloleria azara (I. p. 35).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—CotomBra, Rio San

Juan.

Sent us in abundance by Mr. Champion from Chiriqui.

HYPOSCADA (I. p. 35).
Hyposcada virginiana (I. p. 35).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (M/. Trujilic), Cordova
(Hoge); GuatTeMaLa, Cubilguitz, Senahu, and Panima in Vera Paz, El Tumbador, San
Isidro, Mirandilla, Torola (Champion), Solola (Richardson).

Sent in abundance by Mr, Champion from Guatemala.

Hyposcada adelphina (I. p. 36).
Ithomia adelphina, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 65, t. 28 (3) °.
To -the localities given, add :—Satvapor!; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ;

‘Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—CoLomBIa.

LEUCOTHYRIS (I. p. 37).
1. Leucothyris paula.

Leucothyris victorina, antea, i. p. 87 (nec Guér.) *.
Leucothyris paula, Weymer, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 15, t. 2. £. 8°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (M. Trujillo), Coatepec
(Brooks), Cordova (Hége), Orizaba (Elwes), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Teapa (H. H. Smith) ;
British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux); GuATEMALA, Cahabon, Panima,
Chiacam, San Juan, and Teleman in Vera Paz, Las Mercedes, San Isidro (Champion) ;

Costa Rica, Candelaria Mountains (Underwood); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1904. 40

646 . SUPPLEMENT.

We called attention (anted, i. p. 38) to the difference between this common Central-
American insect and the southern Z. victorina. The former has since been named
by Herr Weymer JL. paula, therefore the above correction in the synonymy is
required.

Leucothyris zea (I. p. 38).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Solola (Richardson), Sabo in Vera Paz,
Cerro Zunil (Champion).

Leucothyris vicina (I. p. 39).
Ithomia vicina, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 68, t. 29 (g¢)’.
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Pefia Blanca (Champion).

EPISCADA (I. p. 40).

Episcada salvinia (I: p. 41).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Orizaba (Elwes, F. D. G., H. H. Smith);
GuatrMaLa, Sabo, Purula, and Chiacam in Vera Paz, El Tumbador, Las Mercedes,
Duefias (Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

PTERONYMIA (I. p. 42),

1. Pteronymia artena.
Ithomia artena, Hew. Ex. Butt., Ithomia, t. 18. f. 48°,
Pteronymia tigranes, antea, i. p. 42, t. 4. ff. 10, 11°.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico!, Jalapa (Hoge), Cuesta de Misantla (J.
Trujitlo); GuatemaLa ?, Purula, Chiacam (Champion); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion), Chiriqui (Zrétsch).

With the additional material now before us, we find that the species we had named
P. tigranes is really referable to P. artena (Hew.), and our P. artena belongs to
P. simplex.

1 (a). Pteronymia timagenes,
Pteronymia timagenes, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 852 (1889) '.

P. tigrant proxima, sed alarum marginibus multo rufescentioribus, anticarum margine interno medialiter
tantum nigricante, macula cretacea ultra cellulam multo minore.
@ mari similis, sed anticis fascia rufescente latiore.

Hab, Mexico, Amula, Xucumanatlan, and Omilteme in Guerrero 6000 to 8000 feet
(H. H. Smith).

Of this species we possess five specimens, including both sexes.

RHOPALOCERA. 647

Pteronymia cotytto (I. p. 44).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, San Lorenzo, Omealca (M. Trujillo), Jalapa
(Ff. D. G.), Orizaba (Elwes), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Cahabon, Panima,
‘Teleman, Chiacam, Senahu, and San Juan in Vera Paz (Champion); Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Pteronymia simplex (I. p. 45).
Pteronymia (sp. no. 6) artena, anted, i. p. 44 (nec Hew.) *.
Ithomia simplex, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 69, t. 29°.

To the localities given, add:—Guatemata}, Chiacam in Vera Paz (Champion);
Honpuras?; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Pteronymia notilla (I. p. 46).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Sent in numbers from Chiriqui by Mr. Champion.

9 (a). Pteronymia donella.
Ithomia donella, Feld. Reise der Nov., Lep. p. 36], t. 44. ff. 7, 8°.

P. notille similis, sed anticis dimidio basali infra cellulam fulvo (nec fusco), maculis quinque ultra cellulam
confluentibus et fasciam angulatam formantibus; posticis margine costali fusco angustiore.
© mari similis, sed colore fusco magis extenso.

Hab. Panama, San Miguel in the Pearl Islands (Champion).—CotomBiaA!; VENEZUELA.

We have two pairs of this species from the Pearl Islands, the males differing from
the females in having the lower discal spot confluent with the lower submarginal
one. They agree with our mainland specimens, except in having the discal spots
larger and more confluent, but we hardly consider these differences of sufficient

importance to warrant its separation.
Pteronymia agalla (I. p. 47).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Sent in numbers by Mr. Champion from Chiriqui.

ITHOMIA (I. p. 48).

Ithomia heraldica (I. p. 49).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Chanipion).

Sent in numbers from Chiriqui by Mr. Champion.

402

648 _ SUPPLEMENT.

Ithomia patilla (I. p. 50).
Tthomia patilla, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 67, t. 29 (2?) *.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico‘, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson), Las Mercedes, San Isidro, Panzos, Teleman, Chiacam,
Cubilguitz (Champion); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion).

In some of the specimens subsequently sent from Guatemala and Chiriqui the dark
markings on both wings are more extended, the discal band on the primaries being
uninterrupted towards the anal angle.

Ithomia leila (I. p. 51).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Coatepec (Brooks); Guatemaua, Senahu in -
Vera Paz (Champion).

Sent us in some numbers from Senahu.

HYPOLERIA (I. p. 52).

Hypoleria cassotis (I. p. 54).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLA, Senahu, Teleman, Panima, and Chiacam
in Vera Paz (Champion); Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger), Pefia Blanca
(Champion).

Hypoleria polissena (I. p. 54).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Of this species we now possess five specimens from Chiriqui.

HYMENITIS (I. p. 56).

Hymenitis oto (I. p. 56).
Ithomia oto, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 68, t. 29 (?)*.
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Jalapa (Ff. D. G.), Orizaba (Elwes), Cuesta
de Misantla (Zrujillo); Guatnmata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), San Isidro,
Duefias, Cahabon, Panima (Champion); Nicaracva, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Hymenitis nero (I. p. 57).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Cuesta de Misantla (1. Frujitlo); GUATEMALA,
Las Mercedes, San Isidro, Panima (Champion); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley
(Zurcher) ; Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

RHOPALOCERA. 649

Hymenitis lyra (I. p. 57).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Cahabon, Chiacam (Champion) ; Costa
Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

- 4(a). Hymenitis moschion, sp. n.
H, morgane similis, sed anticis margine rufescente apicali et macula discocellulari coloris ejusdem, angustioribus,

maculis quatuor submarginalibus, una in costam et altera inter ramos medianos secundum et tertium,
cretaceis.

mari similis, sed macula discocellulari paulo latiore.
Hab. Mexico, Xucumanatlan and Omilteme in Guerrero 7000-8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

Mr. Smith has sent us two pairs of this species from the highlands of Western
Mexico. It is a close ally of H. morgane, from which it differs in having the red apical
_ margin and the discocellular streak of the primaries very much narrower in both sexes;

the white spots do not form a distinct oblique band, and the genitalia of the males are
dissimilar.

Hymenitis anetta (I. p. 58).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Jalapa (Hége), Orizaba (Elwes); GuaTEMALa,
‘Volcan de Santa Maria, Solola (Richardson), El Tumbador, Cerro Zunil, Las Mercedes,
Capetillo, Chiacam (Champion); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

In Hewitson’s collection there is a specimen of a Hymenitis from Nicaragua, placed
under the name of #H. diaphana (Drury), and we have three males like it from Costa
Rica and Chiriqui, which differ from H. anetta in having the rufo-fuscous margins of
the primaries very narrow and the cretaceous spots much less distinct. For the present
we prefer to treat these as only an extreme form of this species.

Hymenitis sosunga (I. p. 59).
To the localities given, add :—GuvateEma.a, Cubilguitz, Teleman, Senahu, and San Juan
in Vera Paz (Champion), Panzos (Conradt); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Hymenitis zygia (I. p. 60).
To the locality given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).

Sent us in abundance by Mr. Champion from Chiriqui.

CEROIS (I. p. 62).

Cerois gertrudtus (I. p. 62). (Tab. CVII. figg. 1, 2, ¢.)

To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).—CoLOMBIA
(mus. Staudinger).

650 SUPPLEMENT,

In Dr. Staudinger’s collection there is a male of this species, from Colombia, which
agrees with the fragment already described by us, so far as it goes. We now take this
opportunity of re-describing and of figuring it. A female, too, has been sent us from
Costa Rica, a description of which is now appended :—

Alis fuscis, anticis dimidio basali et posticis fere omnino purpureo suffusis ; anticis ocello magno et apicem nigro
albo pupillato et infra fulvo semicincto, macula infra eum quoque fulva; posticis margine externo anguste
fulvescente ad basin caude nigro irrorato, penicillo nigro ad medium vene medianw: subtus pallide
ferrugineis fusco sparsim irroratis, anticis strigis transversis quatuor rufo-fuscis extrorsum pallide fulvo
limbatis, duabus basalibus per cellulam ductis, tertia abbreviata, ad finem ejus quarta discali a costa ad
angulum analem extendente, macula parva subapicali pallida et penicillo elongato nigro ad marginem
internum apud angulum analem a margine introrsum extendente; posticis lineis tribus transnotatis,
duabus a costa plus minusve margini interno parallelis, tertia transversa fere recta ab angulo apicali ad
angulum analem ducta.

Anticis acutis haud hamatis, margine externo vix concavo; posticis caudatis, angulo anali sensim lobato.

Q mari similis, sed major, anticis ocellis duobus, uno apicali, altero apud angulum analem.

So far as we can see, this insect is a true Cerois, agreeing in structure with
C. chorinwus in every respect, except that the primaries are more pointed and not
nearly so falcate. .

We continue the use of Fabricius’s name for this distinct species, but there are
several discrepancies in the description that make it very doubtful if we are right in
so doing. Fabricius makes no allusion to the purple tint of the wings, nor to the tufts
of black hairs on both the upper and under surfaces. His type could not have been a
female of the present insect (in which the tufts of hair are of course absent), as in this

sex there are two ocelli on the primaries.

CALLITARA (I. p. 63).

Callitera menander (I. p. 63).
To the localities given, add:—Nicaraeua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Cosra Rica,
Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui, San Miguel in
the Pearl Islands (Champion).

Callitera polita (I. p. 64).
Citherias polita, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 219, t. 772.
To the localities given, add :—Cosra Rica 1.—Cotomsta 2,

PIERELLA (I. p. 66).

Pierella luna (I. p. 66).

To the localities given, add :—Cosra Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); PANAMA,
Bugaba, David (Champion).

RHOPALOCERA. 651

Pierella rubecula (I. p. 67).
To the localities given, add:—Mzexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); GUATEMALA,
Panima and Cahabon in Vera Paz (Champion).

Pierella incanescens (I. p. 68).
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); PANAMA,
Bugaba (Champion).

* Found in numbers by Mr. Champion at Bugaba.

ANTIRRHZEA (I. p. 69).

Antirrhea tomasia (I. p. 70).
To the localities given, add :—Pavyama, Veraguas (Arcé).

Mr. Champion has sent us very many specimens of this species from Bugaba, whence
we have already recorded it.

TISIPHONE (L. p. 71).

Tisiphone maculata (I. p. 72).
Tisiphone maculata, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 224, t. 80°.
To the localities given, add :—Muexico, Cuesta de Misantla (. Trujillo), Coatepec
(Brooks); Guatemaa, Volcan de Santa Maria, Solola (fichardson), Cerro Zunil, San
Gerénimo (Champion); Costa Rica, Irazu (fogers).

Tisiphone hercyna (I. p. 72).
To the localities given, add :—Maexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

EUPTYCHLA (I. p. 73).

Euptychia ocirrhoe (I. p. 75).
Euptychia hesione, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 224, t. 80 7,

To the locality given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. J.
Elwes), Jalapa, Vera Cruz (f. D. G.); GUATEMALA, Cahabon and San Juan in Vera
Paz, Coatepeque, San Isidro (Champion), Volcan de Santa Maria (£ichardson) ;
NicaraGcua, Matagalpa (Richardson); PANAMA, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui, David
(Champion).

Dr. Staudinger’ figures a specimen of this common Tropical-American insect under
the name of E. hesione (Sulz.), this name having one years priority over that of
_E. ocirrhoe (Fabr.).

652 SUPPLEMENT.

Euptychia metaleuca (I. p. 75). |
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa, Frontera (H. H. Smith),
Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Euptychia mollina (I. p. 76).
Euptychia mollis, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 224, t. 80°.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Jalapa (coll.
Schaus), Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Nicaragua, Matagalpa
(Richardson); Panama, Bugaba, David (Champion), Panama city (J. J. Watker).

Dr. Staudinger ® figures a specimen of his E. mollis from Chiriqui.

Kuptychia fetna (I. p. 77).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Amula and Chilpancingo in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith).

The specimen previously recorded from Cubilguitz probably belongs to a different
species, it having the outer reddish line on the primaries straighter and broader than
in typical E. fetna ; but till more material is obtained it is not advisable to name it.

Euptychia insolata (I. p. 77).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Mr. Champion has sent us numerous specimens of this species from Bugaba.

Euptychia labe (I. p. 79).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Cuesta de Misantla
(MM. Trujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Cahabon, Sinanja, Teleman
(Champion); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Two species were confused by us under the above name—one, the true E. dave, with
a bright ferruginous patch at the anal angle of the secondaries beneath (a character
we omitted to note in our description); the other, subsequently described by
Dr. Staudinger as £. confusa, in which this patch is absent. ‘These insects have a
similar distribution, E. confusa, however, being much the commoner of the two ;
E. labe, too, is usually greyer above and paler beneath, with the reddish lines some-

what narrower. 4. confusa resembles E. myncea (Cram.) in the coloration of the
underside of the secondaries.

8 (a). Euptychia confusa.
Euptychia confusa, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 225 (1888) ’.

- RHOPALOCERA. 653

Euptychia myncea, Staud. loc. cit. t. 80 (nec Cram.) *.

Euplychia labe, antea, i. p. 79 (part.) °.

E. labe similis, sed alis brunnescentioribus: subtus lineis rufescentibus paulo latioribus, posticis macula rufes-
cente ad angulum analem absente.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gawmer); GuateMaLa, Polochic Valley, Choctum (Ff. D. G. & O. S.), Sinanja
and Panima in Vera Paz (Champion); Nicaracua, Chontales (Janson) ; Costa Rica,
Caché (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui! (&idbe), Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui, David
(Champion), Veraguas (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Zeannan).—-Soutn America to Ecuador.

8 (zs). Huptychia themis.
Euptychia themis, But). P. Z. S. 1867, p. 104, t. 12. f. 13°.
Euptychia cleophes, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iu. p. 352 (g nec ¢) (1889) *.

Alis fuscis, lineis duabus submarginalibus, interiore crenulata; posticis ocello ad angulum analem nigro,
ochraceo circumcincto et plumbeo bipupillato: subtus fusco-grisescentibus, lineis duabus transversis
notatis, una per cellulas, altera ad finem earum, fulvis; triente distali pallidiore ; lineis submarginalibus
sicut in pagina superiore, sed magis distinctis; anticis ocello subapicali nigro, fulvo-circumcincto et
plumbeo bipupillato, alio supra eum et duobus infra obsoletis ; posticis ocellis duobus distinctis, uno
subapicali, secundo inter ramos medianos, duobus parvis inter eos et alio apicali.

Hab. Mextco?, Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio, and La Venta in Guerrero (4H. H.
Smith) ; Guatema.a, Voican de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkuget) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, David (Champion).—
CoLOMBIA; VENEZUELA ; ‘TRINIDAD.

Of this species, the male of which we at one time confused with £. cleophes, we
possess a long series of both sexes. ‘There is very little variation in the individuals in
our collection, except that one of the Venezuelan females has a distinct ocellus on the
upperside of the primaries at the apex. No locality was given for E. themis by
Dr. Butler!, and there seems to be more than one species placed under this name in
the Hewitson collection. In the series before us there are specimens from Mexico and
Guatemala agreeing with the present insect.

8 (c). Euptychia cleophes. (Tab. CVII. figg. 3, 4, 2.)
Euptychia cleophes, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) i. p. 852 (? nec ¢) (1889) *.

Q. E. themi similis, sed anticis ocello subapicali distincto ornatis et plaga ad medium marginis externi
fulva: subtus anticis plaga fulva sicut in pagina superiore, lineis transversis latioribus et rufescenti-
oribus, posticis ocellis duobus distinctis, uno subapicali, secundo inter ramos medianos, duobus obsoletis
inter eos et alio apicali.

Hab. Mexico, Acaguizotla, Tierra Colorada, and DosCaminos in Guerrero( H. H. Smith’).

LE. cleophes is allied to HE. myncea and £. labe, but may be distinguished by the
absence of ferruginous markings beneath at the anal angle of the secondaries. As in
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I., May 1901. 4p

654 SUPPLEMENT.

E. labe, there is no fulvous line across the base of the underside of the secondaries.
The present species has a fulvous patch near the middle of the outer margin of the
primaries, at least in the female. Since we wrote our description of EH. cleophes we
have received many more specimens from within our limits, and find that the insect
we supposed to be the male of it really belongs to a different species, H. themis. The
female of the latter differs from the same sex of E. cleophes in having the primaries
less rounded at the apex and without the fulvous patch. The ocellus, too, is much
less distinct. The male of E. cleophes is still unknown to us; the females, four only
of which have as yet been received, all from the vicinity of Acapulco, have the
apex of the primaries rounded.

Euptychia terrestris (I. p. 79).
To the localities given, add :—Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, David
(Champion).

Euptychia pieria (I. p. 79).
Neonympha pompilia, Feld. Reise der Nov., Lep. p. 479 (1867) '.

To the localities given, add :—Muxico (Sallé 1), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa,
Frontera (H. H. Smuth), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gauwmer); Guatemaza, Cahabon,
Chiacam (Champion); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson); PANAMA, Bugaba (Cham-
pion).—CoLomBIa 1.

NV. pompilia, Feld., was placed by us amongst the unidentified species at the end
of the genus Huptychia (anted, i. p. 94), but we have now, through the kindness of
Mr. W. Rothschild, been able to examine the Colombian types, and find that they
agree with LE. pieria, Butler, which name has priority.

Euptychia squamistriga (I. p. 80).
To the localities given, add :—Muextco, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan- Hepburn),
Ventanas in Durango (Forrer), Savana Grande, ‘Tierra Colorada, Amula, Xucuman-

atlan, Dos Caminos, and Rio Papagaio in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Lake Chapala
(Richardson).

Apparently not uncommon in Western and Central Mexico, whence we now possess
many specimens,

Kuptychia similis (I. p. 81).
To the localities given, add:—Muexico, Presidio (Lorrer), Sierra Madre de Tepic,
Tehuantepec (fichardson), Rincon, La Venta, Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, and

Acaguizotla in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Coatepec (fF. D. G.), Salapa (coll. Schaus),
Temax in Yucatan (Gaumer). |

RHOPALOCERA. 655

Euptychia renata (I. p. 82).
Euptychia renuta, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 226, t. 81°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Omealca (M. Trujillo), Jalapa (coll. Schaus),
Cordova (Riimeli), Atoyac (H..H. Smith); Guaremana, Cahabon, San Gerénimo
(Champion); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 4
(Champion).

Euptychia rubricata (I. p. 82).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Sierra Madre
de Tepic (Richardson).

We have two specimens—a male from Amoquileca in Guerrero (alt. 6000 feet) and
a female from Ventanas in Durango (alt. 2000 feet)—which differ from our series of
this species in having the fulvous markings on both wings much reduced in extent,
and the reddish line beyond the cell is less oblique, it being more distant from the
inner submarginal line at the anal angle than in #. rubricata. These may belong to a
different species, but we hesitate to separate them till more material is obtained.

15 (a). Huptychia pellonia, sp.n. (Tab. CVIL. figg. 5, 6, ¢.)

Alis brunneis, anticis area discali late rubida, ocello ad apicem albo bipupillato, lineis duabus transversis, una
submarginali, altera minus distincta, interiore flexuosa, fuscis; posticis lineis duabus valde undulatis
coloris ejusdem transeuntibus: subtus anticis fere ut supra, posticis griseo irroratis.

Q mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas and Ciudad in Durango (Forrer), Bolafios in Jalisco, Chapala

(Richardson). |

_ We have a long series of this species from the above localities, all from a high
elevation. It is a close ally of L. rubricata, but differs in having the hind wings much
more uniformly coloured, both above and beneath, without ocelli, and the transverse
lines are strongly waved.

Euptychia libye (I. p. 83).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac, Teapa, Frontera
(H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), El Reposo, San
Isidro (Champion) ; Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richard-
son); Panama, Bugaba, David (Champion).

Euptychia satyrina (I. p. 84).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Orizaba, Cuesta de Misantla (MM. Trujillo) ;
GUATEMALA, Las Mercedes, San Lucas Toliman, Chiacam, Senahu (Champion); Nica-
RAGUA, Matagalpa (Atichardson); Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (fogers); Panama, Volcan de
_ Chiriqui, Bugaba, Pefia Blanca (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).
4p2

656 SUPPLEMENT.

Euptychia antinoe (I. p. 86).
Euptychia antonoe, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 225, t. 80°.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ; Honpuras3, San Pedro
Sula (Wittkugel); Panama, Bugaba, Tolé (Champion).

Euptychia camerta (I. p. 86).
Euptychia camerta, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 226, t. 81 (E. hermes) ™.
Of this common species we have received specimens from a large number of
additional localities; but as these latter add nothing to the general distribution of the
insect, it is unnecessary to enumerate them here.

Euptychia ebusa (I. p. 88).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui, David
(Champion).

Sent in numbers by Mr. Champion from Chiriqui.

Euptychia philodice (I. p. 90).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 8000 feet ( Champion).

Kuptychia nelsoni (I. p. 91). (Tab. CVII. figg. 7, 8, 3.)

We now give a figure of this very distinct species.

Kuptychia argentella (I. p. 91).
Euptychia argentella, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 227, t. 81%.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Omilteme, Kucumanatlan, and Xautipa, in
Guerrero, Orizaba (Elwes); Guatemata?, Volcan de Atitlan, San Lucas Toliman
(Champion).

We have six specimens of a variety of this species which are much redder than the
typical form; these are from San Lucas and Cerro Zunil in Guatemala, whence we also
have normally-coloured individuals.

31 (a). Euptychia clinas. (Tab. CVII. figg. 9, 10, ¢ .)
Euptychia clinas, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 8352 (1889) '.

Alis anticis ad apicem obtusis, margine externo concavo; posticis margine externo dentato, angulo anali bene
producto, fuscis; anticis ad costam et ad marginem externum saturatioribus, posticis ad angulum apicalem
quoque obscurioribus maculis tribus submarginalibus nigricantibus notatis: subtus pallidioribus et paullo
rufescentioribus, lineis tribus undulatis communibus transfasciatis, una per cellulas, secunda discali, tertia
submarginali ; posticis maculis duabus ad angulum analem rotundis, altera sagittiformi inter ramos
medianos, argenteis, ocellis duobus ad medium marginis externi nigris fulvo circumcinctis, maculis
argenteis bipupillatis.

RHOPALOCERA. 657

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme and Xucumanatlan in Guerrero, Sierra Madre del Sur
7000 to 8000 feet (H. H. Smith*).

_ This very distinct species, of which we possess four males, belongs to the section
of the genus containing £. argentella and its allies ; it may be readily distinguished by
the dentate margin of the secondaries and the prolongation of the anal angle, the
blunt apex of the primaries is also a marked feature.

Euptychia gemma (I. p. 92).
Neonympha gemma, W. H. Edw. Butt. N. Am. iii., Neonympha, t. 1. ff. 1-4 (3 ?)}.
Euptychia gemma, antea, i. p. 92 (partim) ’.

Alis pallide fuscis, posticis margine externo maculis duabus indistinctis obscurioribus: subtus leviter griseo

irroratis, anticis lineis tribus transeuntibus ferrugineis; posticis lineis duabus valde undulatis coloris ~

ejusdem, maculis in serie marginali argenteis, in seriei medio maculis duabus geminatis nigris, his
introrsum albo et cinnamomeo late irroratis, angulum analem versus fusco-rubro notatis.
- © mari similis.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern States!.—Mexico (Mus. Berol.?); GuaTEMALA,
Polochic Valley (f. D. G. & O. 8.2), Chiacam (Champion).

Two species were confused by us under the above name: one, the true E. gemma
(Hiibn.), the male of which has the primaries uniformly coloured above; the other,
from which our description and figure were taken, has, in the male a dark patch on
the disc of these wings, which are, moreover, distinctly produced at the apex in this sex.
The last-mentioned insect is here separated under the name EL. pephredo. Of the true
E. gemma, Mr. Champion subsequently sent us two males from Chiacam, Vera Paz;
the other Guatemalan localities previously quoted 2, with the exception of the Polochic
Valley, must be transferred to E. pephredo. A comparison of Edwards’s figures! with
the one given by us? will readily show the difference between the two species.

33 (a). Euptychia pephredo, sp. n.
Euptychia gemma, antea, i. p. 92, t. 8. f. 12 (¢)*
Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Réimeli) ;
GUATEMALA, central valleys, Duefias (f. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerdénimo (Lf. D. G.
& O. S., Champion ?).

We have now seen ten specimens of this insect, which may be readily separated
from E. gemma by the characters noted above under that species. It is one of a group
the males of which have a patch of darker scales on the disc of the primaries above,
no trace of this being visible in EZ. gemma.

658 _ SUPPLEMENT.

33 (B). EKuptychia hilaria, sp. n.

Alis pallide fuscis, anticis area fascieformi infra venam medianam obscuriore, posticis maculis duabus ad
marginem externum nigrescentibus, interdum fere obsoletis: subtus pallidioribus, fusco irroratis, anticis
lineolis tribus undulatis, posticis duabus transeuntibus ferrugineis, his maculis in serie marginali argenteis,
in seriei medio maculis duabus geminatis nigris, linea transversa distali extrorsum ochraceo tincta.

Q mari similis, sed in pagina superiore interdum anticis lineis duabus, pasticis una, ferrugineis. |

Hab. Mxxico, Cuesta de Misantla (1. Trujillo), Orizaba, Atoyac (Elwes), Misantla
(Ff. D. G.); Panama, Chiriqui (Ridde), Volean de Chiriqui (Champion).

This insect is again very closely allied to E. pephredo, from which it differs in its
rather larger size and the more mottled underside of both wings, so that the reddish
transverse lines are less conspicuous and straighter, and the bright ochreous markings
so conspicuous in fresh specimens in HZ. pephredo are barely indicated.

33 (c). Kuptychia henshawi. -
Euptychia henshawi, W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. v. p. 2057.
Neonympha henshawi, W. H. Edw. op. cit. ix. p. 7°; Butt. N. Am. iii., Neonympha, t. 1. ff. 5-9

(S$ ¢)*.
Hab. Nortn Amertca, South-eastern States *~8.—Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison),
Bolaiios in Jalisco (Richardson), Pinal, Puebla 8000 feet (Elwes, F. D. G.).

Mr. Elwes and myself found this insect very abundant in a pine-wood near Puebla
in 1888; these specimens agree well with others in our collection from Fort Grant and
Colorado.

The male of £. henshawi, like that of E. pyracmon, E. pephredo, and E. hilaria, has
a patch of darker scales under the median nervure of the primaries, and these four
species would perhaps be better placed under the genus Paramecera, Butl.

Euptychia pyracmon (1. p. 93). (E. hilaria, Tab. CVIL. figg. 11, 12, 3 .)
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Xucumanatlan in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),
Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Sent in numbers from Western Mexico by Mr. Smith.

In our description (J. ¢.) we omitted to note the patch of darker scales on the disc
of the primaries in the male, this being very conspicuous when the insect is held up to
the light. We now figure a specimen of this sex from Xucumanatlan.

Kuptychia hedemanni (I. p. 93).
Euptychia hedemanni, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 227, t. 81 (E. vetones) *.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (Hl, H. Smith) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui® (Champion).

RHOPALOCERA. 659

Notr.—Of the three unidentified species of Meonympha placed by us at the end of
the genus Huptychia (antea, i. p. 94), two have now been identified :—W. epinephile,
Feld. = Paramecera xicaque, Reak. (antea, i. p. 101); W. pompilia, Feld. = Euptychia
preria, Butl. (antea, i. p. 79).

TAYGETIS (I. p. 94).

Taygetis armillata (I. p. 96).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Veraguas (Arcé).

Taygetis virgilia (I. p. 97).
Taygetis virgilia, var. rufomarginata, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 235, t. 85 (1888) *.

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith) ;
GuatEmaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Aichardson), Cerro Zunil (Champion); Honpuras,
San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Aichardson) ; Panama, Bugaba,
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion), Veraguas (Areé).

Of this species we have now seen many more specimens from within our limits.
The var. rufomarginata is the commoner form from Guatemala to Panama.

Taygetis nympha (I. p. 97).
To the localities given, add :—Guvatemata, San Isidro (Champion).

Two specimens of this species have been sent us by Mr. Champion from the Pacific
slope of Guatemala.

Taygetis andromeda (I. p. 98).
Taygetis salvini, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 236, t. 85 (1888) *.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Cuesta de Misantla
(M. Trujillo), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); British Honpuras, Rio Hondo (Blan-
caneauz); GuaTeMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Nicaragua, Matagalpa
(Richardson) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

With our very extensive series of this extremely variable species we are quite
unable to separate 7. salvini as distinct. Dr. Staudinger’s type of the latter was from
Chiriqui !°,

Taygetis keneza (I. p. 99).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rio Papagaio and Dos Arroyos in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Sent in abundance by Mr. Champion from Bugaba.

660 SUPPLEMENT.

Taygetis valentina (I. p. 99).
To the localities given, add:—GuatemaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Taygetis kerea (I. p. 100).
To the localities given, add :—Guatema.a, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

We have now seen eleven specimens of this species, and we have others from
Colombia which possibly belong to it. In most of them there is a buff spot on each
wing beneath.

Taygetis penelea (I. p. 100).
Taygetis penelea, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 236, t. 85°.

To the localities given, add :—Panama3, Bugaba (Champion).

Sent in numbers by Mr. Champion from Bugaba. All the Central-American
specimens we have seen have a broad longitudinal ochreous streak on the secondaries
beneath.

PARAMECERA (I. p. 100).

Paramecera xicaque (I. p. 101).
Neonympha epinephele, Feld. Reise der Nov., Lep. p. 476 (1867) ’.

To the localities given, add:—Muxico (Sailé?), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Volcan de
Ixtaccihuatl, Amecameca, Puebla (H. J. Elwes, F. D. G., Richardson), Misantla
(Lf. D. G.), Bolafios (Richardson), Maltrata (Hége), Omilteme and Xucumanatlan in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith). |

This proves to be a common Mexican species, inhabiting a high elevation; it was
met with abundantly at Puebla. WV. epinephele, Feld., the type of which has been lent
us by Mr. W. Rothschild, does not differ from P. xicaque (Reak.); it was not identified

by us in the early part of this work.

LYMANOPODA (LI. p. 101).

2. Lymanopoda cinna, (Tab. CVII. figg. 13, 14, ¢.)

Lymanopoda cinna, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) i. p. 853 (1889)’.

Alis nigricanti-brunneis; anticis maculis tribus subapicalibus, una ad angulum analem et duabus discalibus
inter ramos medianos; posticis ad basin lete caruleo lavatis: subtus rufo-castaneis, anticis ad marginem
externum pallidioribus, maculis albis sicut in pagina superiore sed majoribus et omnibus (preter eam
coste proximam) nigro circumcinctis, macula pallida nigro circumcincta ad cellule finem ; posticarum
dimidio distali fasciis indistinctis ochraceis transversis et ocellis obsoletis discalibus notatis.

Hab. Guatemaa, San Lucas Toliman 5000 feet (Champion ').

Mr. Champion took a single male specimen of this beautiful insect near the Lake

RHOPALOCERA. 661

of Atitlan. Its nearest ally, so far as we know, is L. ewopis, of Costa Rica, but it may
at once be distinguished by the blue base of the secondaries in the male. The only
other species with which we are acquainted that have blue on the wings are the
Colombian L. samius and L. ceruleata, but these are not otherwise allied.

PEDALIODES (I. p. 102).

Pedaliodes manis (I. p. 103).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, David (Champion).

Of this species we have received six additional specimens from Chiriqui.

Pedaliodes pisonia (I. p. 103).
To the localities given, add:—Mzexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), San Bartolo in Vera
Cruz 5000 feet (#. .D. G.); Guaremaa, Volcan de Atitlan (Champion) ; Panama, Volcan
de Chiriqui (Champion).

Pedaliodes perperna (I. p. 104).
? Pronophila mycalesoides, Feld. Reise der Novara, Lep. p. 478 (1867) °.
Pedaliodes mycalesoides, Grose-Smith, Rhop. Exot. ii. part 38, Satyride, Pedaliodes, iii. p. 10,
tab. f. 3 (2) (July 1895) *.
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete (Champion).—
CoLomsia ° ¢,

We have now received a long series of this species from Chiriqui. The females
differ from the males in having a broad fulvous band of variable extent, including the
ocellus, towards the outer margin. ‘The males are of an almost uniform reddish-
brown colour above, with a more or less distinct ocellus near the anal angle of the
primaries. In all our specimens, both from Central and South America, there is a
distinct white subapical spot on the primaries beneath, as noticed by Hewitson.
Mr. Grose-Smith* has figured a specimen of it from Costa Rica under the name of
P. mycalesoides, Feld., the type of which we have not seen.

Pedaliodes hulda (I. p. 104).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 8000 feet (Champion).

Amongst the specimens received from Chiriqui there is one with the red on the

secondaries beneath almost absent.

5 (a). Pedaliodes subrufescens,
Pedaliodes subrufescens, Grose-Smith, Rhop. Exot. 1. part 33, Satyride, Pedaliodes, iii. p. 12,

tab. f. 5 (¢) (July 1895) *.

Alis brunneis vix ferrugineo tinctis: subtus quoque brunneis, posticis extrorsum late ferrugineis, lineis tribus

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., May 1901. 4Q

662 SUPPLEMENT.

indistinctis alis transeuntibus, una per cellulas, secunda ultra eas, in posticis latiore, recta et rubescentiore,
tertia submarginali, in anticis extrorsum ferrugineo limbata, posticis punctis quatuor submarginalibus
nigris albo pupillatis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Underwood ').

We are unacquainted with this insect, and have taken our description from
Mr. Grose-Smith’s work. It appears to be most nearly allied to P. hulda, Butl.

Pedaliodes triaria (I. p. 105).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 8000 feet (Champion).

GYROCHEILUS (I. p. 106).

Gyrocheilus patrobas (I. p. 106).
Gyrocheilus patrobas, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 234, t. 84 (?)*.
Geirocheilus tritonia, W. H. Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. v. p. 18 (1874)°; Butt. N. Am.,
Geirocheilus, 1. ff. 1-4 (8 3) °.
To the localities given, add:—NortH America, Arizona® ®,— Muxico4, Northern
Sonora (Morrison), Durango city (Becker), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Morrison and Becker have sent us numerous examples from Northern Mexico
agreeing with Mr. Edwards’s figures of G. tritonia, and these insects are inseparable
from G. patrobas (Hew.).

OXEOSCHISTUS (I. p. 106).

Oxeoschistus hilarus (I. p. 107).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Xautipa and Omilteme in Guerrero (A. #,
Smith).

Oxeoschistus euryphile (I. p. 107).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 8000 feet (Champion).

Oxeoschistus tauropolis (I. p. 108).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (1. Trujillo), Jalapa

(coll. Schaus), Orizaba (Elwes); Guaremata, Chiacam and Sabo in Vera Paz, Volcan
de Atitlan (Champion).

Oxeoschistus puerta (I. p. 109). |
Oxeoschistus simplex, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 234, t. 84 (¢)*.

Dr. Staudinger has figured a specimen of this species from Colombia under the name
of O. simplex.

RHOPALOCERA. «663

DRUCINA (I. p. 112).

Drucina leonata (I. p. 112).
Drucina leonata, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 235, t. 84+.

To the localities given, add :—-Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Trétsch 4, in mus. Staud.).

Drucina championi (I. p. 113). (Tab. CVII. figg. 15, 16, 3.)
We now take the opportunity of figuring this fine species.

MORPHO (I. p. 113).

Morpho theseus (I. p. 114).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 4000 feet (Champion).

Morpho polyphemus (I. p. 115).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (forrer), Manzanillo
(Lloyd), Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Acaguizotla, La Venta, Rio Papagaio, Dos
Arroyos (H. H. Smith); Panama, Veraguas (Boucard).

Morpho cypris (I. p. 117).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch).
Dr. Staudinger has sent us a pair of this species from Chiriqui, where Mr. Champion

also observed it. M. cypris appears to be a very rare insect north of the Isthmus of
Panama.

Morpho amathonte (I. p. 117).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Arcé).

Sent in some numbers by Mr. Champion from Bugaba.

Morpho peleides (I. p. 119).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Orizaba (Elwes),
San Lorenzo, Omealca (Zrujillo), Coatepec (Bruoks), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Brrtisu
Honpuras, Corosal (foe), Rio Hondo (Blancaneaua) ; Panama, David (Champion).

Morpho octavia (I. p. 121).
_ To the localities given, add :—Guartemata, El Tumbador (Champion), Volcan de Santa
Maria (Aichardson).

Morpho marinita (I. p. 121).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).
4Q2

664 SUPPLEMENT.

DYNASTOR (I. p. 122).
Dynastor darius (I. p. 123). |
Dynastor darius, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 214, t. 72 (2) (1888) °.
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba, David (Champion).

OPSIPHANES (I. p. 125).

Opsiphanes boisduvali (I. p. 126).
Opsiphanes boisduvali, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 214, t. 72 (¢) (1888) °.
To the localities given, add:—Guaremata, Panima in Vera Paz ( Champion) ;
Honpvuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Opsiphanes cassie (I. p. 127).
Opsiphanes cassie, Staud, Exot. Schmett. p. 214, t. 71 (g) (1888) °.
To the localities given, add:—Guatemata, Teleman (Champion); Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba,
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Opsiphanes tamarindi (I. p. 128).
Opsiphanes tamarindi, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 218, t. 72 (?) (1888) °.
To the localities given, add:—Mzexico, Coatepec (Brooks); GuateMALa, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson), Teleman and Panima in Vera Paz (Champion); Honpuras,
San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Pawama, Bugaba (Champion).

5 (a). Opsiphanes crameri.
Papilio cassie, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 105. ff. A, B* (nec Linn.).
Opsiphanes crameri, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. vi. p. 123’.

Alis fuscis, anticis apicem versus obscurioribus, fascia lata (ultra cellulam arcuata) a costa ad angulum analem,
illic angustiore, fulva, maculis duabus apicalibus albis: subtus fuscis, anticis lineis variis valde irregu-
laribus regionem basalem transeuntibus, fascia fulva ut supra, ad apicem nigro ocellatis, maculis duabus
albis ut supra; posticis ocellis duobus, uno magno in costam albo lunulato, altero minore angulum analem
versus ; anticis ultra cellulam et posticis fere omnino albo irroratis.

? mari similis, sed major, fascia anticarum pallidiore et rectiore ; posticis apicibus fulvo marginatis.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui 4000 feet (Champion).—Sourn Amurica
to Brazil ?.

We have now a pair of this species from Chiriqui, previously known only from South °
America. There is considerable variation in the form and width of the fulvous band
on the primaries of the male, this being broad and strongly curved in the Chiriqui
specimen of this sex.

RHOPALOCERA. 665

Opsiphanes quirinus (I. p. 128).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Panama,
Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Opsiphanes orgetorix (I. p. 129).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Sent us in some numbers from the low forest-country of the Pacific slope of Chiriqui.

"The following species does not fall into any of the sections proposed by us in this
work, and must stand by itself :—

é. Body slender; secondaries rounded, the cell covered with long hairs, which are not
collected into a distinct tuft, the region of the submedian nervure hairy over the
basal half.

10. Opsiphanes staudingeri. (Tab. CVII. figg. 17, 18, 3.)
Opsiphanes staudingeri, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 95 (1894) ’.

Alis rufo-fuscis, anticis apice obscuriore, fascia curvata, fusco limbata, a costa ad angulum analem exten-
dente, fulva, maculis duabus apicalibus albis; posticis margine externo fulvo introrsum sinuato et
fusco limbato: subtus obscure brunneis, fulvo irroratis, fasciis duabus pallide flavis lineis nigris limbatis
cellulam transeuntibus, lineis aliis valde irregularibus ad cellule finem nigrescentibus, linea submarginali
arcuata introrsum flavida, ocelloque nigro subapicali albo pupillato; posticis ocellis duobus, uno magno
in costa, altero minore inter ramos medianos primum et secundum, margine externo obscure fulvo in-
trorsum sinuato.

@ ignota.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (ex Staudinger ').

We described this species from specimens submitted to us by Dr. Staudinger, one
of which he allowed us to retain.

CALIGO (I. p. 130).
“Caligo eurylochus (I. p. 131).
Caligo livius, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 215, t. 74 (3) (1888) °.
To the localities given, add :—GuateMaLa, Panima in Vera Paz (Champion); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion).
Dr. Staudinger has separated from C. ewrylochus various specimens from Brazil, Peru,

and Chiriqui under the name of C. livius, but says that they are perhaps only an extreme
form of that species ; in this we are inclined to agree with him.

— Caligo oileus (I. p. 132).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

666 SUPPLEMENT,

Caligo memnon (I. p. 133). |
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ; Guaremaua, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson), La Tinta and Panima in Vera Paz, Volcan de Atitlan
(Champion) ; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Panama, Bugaba, Tolé (Champion).

Caligo atreus (I. p. 135).
Caligo atreus, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 215, t. 75 (g) (1888) °.
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama,
Bugaba (Champion).

Caligo uranus (I. p. 136).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (1. Trujillo), Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Guatemaa, Cubilguitz and Teleman in Vera Paz (Champion).

ERYPHANIS (I. p. 136).

Eryphanis wardi (I. p. 137).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Eryphanis #sacus (I. p. 137).
Eryphanis esacus, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 217, t. 76 (3) (1888) *.

To the localities given, add :—Guaremata, Cahabon ( Champion).

NAROPE (I. p. 139).

2. Narope anartes.
Narope anartes, Hew. Boliv. Butt. p. 9 (1874) *.
Narope sarastro, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 218, t. 76”.

Alis rufo-fulvis, anticis falcatis, apicem versus cum margine externo anguste, et posticis ad apicem, nigro~
fuscis: subtus pallidioribus, fusco et brunneo irroratis, fascia communi ab apice anticarum ad medium
Marginis interni posticarum sordide ochracea, in posticis utrinque fusco-nigro marginatis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Cartago (Underwood, in coil. Druce).—Cotomsia, Cauca Valley 2;
Botivia!; Peru; ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

Mr. Druce has a single specimen of this widely-distributed insect, sent him by
Mr. Underwood in a collection of moths from Costa Rica. It agrees with others from
the Cauca Valley and Bolivia, purchased from Dr. Staudinger under the name of
NV. sarastro, which we are unable to separate from N. anartes, Hewitson.

ACTINOTE (I. p. 140).

Actinote anteas (I. p. 141).
Acrea anteas, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 81, t. 32°,

To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

RHOPALOCERA. 667

Actinote guatemalena (I. p. 141). |
To the localities given, add :—GuateMaLa, Chiacam in Vera Paz (Champion) ;
Honpvras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

The single specimen received from the Santa Clara Valley, Costa Rica, does not differ
from more northern examples, and it is probable, therefore, that A. melampeplos may
prove to be nothing more than a variety of the present species.

Actinote nox (I. p. 142).
Acrea nox, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 82, t. 32°.
- To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Orizaba (Hlwes, Smith, F. D. G.); GuaTEMaLa,
Solola (Richardson), Volcan de Atitlan (Champion).

HELICONIUS (I. p. 143).

Heliconius fornarina (I. p. 145).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson),
Pacific slope (Conradt).

Of this species we have a single small male captured by Mr. Conradt, in which
the large yellow discal patch of the primaries is broken up into spots, owing to the
greater encroachment of the black colour; but it is evidently only an extreme form of
HT, fornarina, which is confined to the Pacific slope of Guatemala.

Heliconius zuleika (I. p. 147).
Heliconius zuleika, ab. albipunctata, Riff. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1900, p. 199 *.
To the localities given, add :—GvatemaLa, Panzos (Conradt); Panama, Bugaba, Tolé
(Champion).
- Sent us in abundance from Bugaba. Herr Riffarth+ has recently named a form of
this species, from Chiriqui, having the spots on the primaries white (instead of yellow),
ab. albipunctata. Intermediate specimens occur.

Heliconius telchinia (I. p. 149).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Omealea (Trujillo) ;
Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), Cahabon and Chiacam (Champion).

Heliconius charithonia (I. p. 151).
Heliconius charithonia, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 76, t. 31’.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tres Marias Is. (Forrer), Durango city
(Becker), Acapulco (Markham), Tampico, Sierra Madre de Tepic, San Blas (Richardson),
Rincon, La Venta, Tierra Colorada, Omilteme, Rio Papagaio, Cuernavaca, Atoyac,

668 SUPPLEMENT.

Vera Cruz, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (Elwes), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo) ;
Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Heliconius hortensia (I. p. 151).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Soledad (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (F. D. G.,

H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Solola (Richardson).

Heliconius montanus (I. p. 152).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

_Heliconius petiveranus (I. p. 153).
Heliconius petiverana demophoon, var. ? chiriquensis, Riff. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1900, p. 209°.
Heliconius petiverana, ab. tristis, Riff. loc. cit. p. 28™.

To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer).

We have received specimens from many other additional localities, but it is
unnecessary to mention them, as the species is almost universally distributed in
Central America. Dr. Staudinger (Iris, 1896, pp. 295-299) has published some
critical remarks on the synonymy of this species, with especial reference to the
Central-American forms. The varieties described by Herr Riffarth 1° are from
Chiriqui or Costa Rica: chiriquensis has a very broad yellow band on the secondaries,
and ¢ristis has the corresponding band entirely wanting on the upperside and faintly
indicated beneath ; this latter form we have not seen,

Heliconius galanthus (I. p. 155).
Heliconius cydno, ab. stiibeli, Riff. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1900, p. 199+.

Of this species we have a single male from Irazu, Costa Rica, in which the white
band on the primaries is narrower and straighter, not entering the cell, so that the
usual triangular discocellular black spot is absent. This agrees very closely with
Riffarth’s description of H. cydno, ab. stiibeli, from Costa Rica 4, except that there are
no pale submarginal or marginal spots visible on the primaries,

18 (4). Heliconius cydno.
Heliconius cydno, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. t. 15. f£. 3? ; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8S. 1874
p. 351 °.

Hab. * Costa Rica (Van Patten 2).—Cotompia; Ecuapor; Peru.

The Costa Rican locality for this species seems to reugire confirmation. Van
Patten’s specimen is now in our collection.

RHOPALOCERA. 669

Heliconius theudela (I. p. 157).
- To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Sent in abundance from Bugaba.

Heliconius hewitsoni (1. p. 158).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba, Tolé, San Feliz (Champion).

_ Sent ns from various places in Chiriqui.

Heliconius magdalena (I. p. 159).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama,
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Heliconius verzpacis (I. p. 159).
- To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Chiacam in Vera Paz (Champion).

Heliconius erato (I. p. 160).
To the localities given, add :—Mexivo, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

We have also received specimens of this common Tropical-American insect from
many additional localities within our limits, but it is unnecessary to enumerate
them. Dr. Staudinger (Iris, 1896, pp. 313-317) has described and named several
varieties of this species, some of which are from Central America:—c. eratonius—
Chiriqui, Colombia, Venezuela; d. transieéns—Mexico, Honduras, Colombia; h. viridis
—Central America, Colombia, Venezuela. The polymorphism of H. erato has already
been noticed by us, and we do not think it necessary to reopen the subject.

EUEIDES (I. p. 161).

Eueides vibilia (I. p. 162).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—CoLoMBIA.

Eveides vulgiformis (I. p. 162).
To the localities given, add :—Guatemata, Cubilguitz in Vera Paz (Champion).

A single specimen received from Guatemala differs from those of more southern
localities in having a fulvous longitudinal streak at the base of the primaries, extending
to some distance beyond the first median branch, and the discal portion of the
secondaries is pale above and whitish beneath. It closely approaches the South-
American £. edias, Hew.

Kueides aliphera (I. p. 163).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Orizaba (Hlwes), Cuesta de Misantla (7'rujilio),
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IL., June 1901. AR

670 SUPPLEMENT.

Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Panzos, Zapote, Volcan de Atitlan
(Champion) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Hueides lineata (I. p. 163).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla ( Trujillo).

Kueides lybioides (I. p. 164). |
To the localities given, add :——Panama, Bugaba, San Feliz (Champion), Veraguas
(Arcé).

Sent us in abundance from Bugaba.

Hueides zorcaon (I. p. 165).
To the localities given, add :—Muextco, Tampico (Richardson), Teapa (H. H. Smith);
Guatemala, Purula, Cahabon, Chiacam (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Panama, Bugaba ( Champion).

METAMORPHA (I. p. 166).

Metamorpha dido (I. p. 166).
Colenis dido, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 86, t. 34°.

To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Chiriqui 5.

COLANIS (I. p. 167).

Colznis pherusa (I. p. 167).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Omealca, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo),
Atoyac (H#. H. Smith); Guaremata, Volcan de Atitlan (Champion) ; Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Colznis delila (I. p. 168).

To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Tres Marias Is. (Forrer), La Venta in
Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (F. D. G.), Orizaba (Elwes) ;
GUATEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), Chacoj, Teleman (Champion) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Panama, Bugaba, Tolé (Champion).

AGRAULIS (I. p. 169).
Agraulis juno (I. p. 170).
To the localities given, add:—Guarumata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson),
San Isidro (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara
Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—AnTILLES, St. Vincent, Grenada.

RHOPALOCERA. 671

Agraulis vanille (I. p. 171).
To the localities given, add:—Nicaraeva, Chontales (Janson).

We have also received specimens of this common insect from many additional

localities within our limits, but it is unnecessary to quote them, and the same remark
applies to A. moneta.

CLOTHILDA (I. p. 172).
Clothilda euryale (I. p. 173).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Omilteme and Xucumanatlan in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

| EUPTOIETA (I. p. 174).
Euptoieta claudia (I. p. 174).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison), Pinos Altos in
Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Milpas in Durango (forrer), Durango city (Becker),
Amecameca (/’. D. G.), Omilteme, Atoyac, Fortin (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan
(Gauwmer); GuatemaLa, San Geronimo (Champion).—Co.LomBia.

Euptoieta hegesia (I. p. 175).
Euptoieta hegesia, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 89, t. 36%.

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Bolafios in Jalisco
(Richardson), Venta de Zopilote, Acapulco, Rio Papagaio, Rincon, Atoyac, Fortin
(H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Nicaragua, Mata-
galpa (Richardson).

SYNCHLOE (I. p. 176).

Synchloe lacinia (I. p. 176).
‘Chlosyne saundersii, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 95, t. 36".

To the localities giveu, add :—Sa.tvapor (fide Staudinger 18); Honpuras, San Pedro
Sula (Wittkugel).

Mr. H. H. Smith and other collectors have also sent us specimens from many
additional localities which need not be enumerated.

Synchloe janais (I. p. 178).

To the localities given, add:—Norru America, South-west Texas (Morrison).—
“Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Durango city (Becker), Tierra Colorada, Dos Arroyos,
Rio Papagaio, Atoyac, Teapa (H. II. Smith), Jalapa (Elwes, F. D. G.), Coatepec
(Brooks), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo); GuaTemaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (fichard-
ison) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

AR2

672 SUPPLEMENT.

Synchloe hyperia (I. p. 179).
Chlosyne hippodrome, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 95, t. 36°.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Sierra Madre
de Tepic, Tehuantepec (Richardson), Acaguizotla, Rio Papagaio (H. H. Smith),
Coatepec (Brooks), San Lorenzo (Trujillo) ; Panama, San Lorenzo (Champion).

Synchloe melanarge (I. p. 179).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acaguizotla, Amula, La Venta, Rincon
(H. H. Smith) ; Nicaraeua, Matagalpa (Aichardson).

We have now received six specimens of this species from Mexico.

Synchloe erodyle (I. p. 180).
To the localities given, add :—Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;

Howpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Synchloe pecile (I. p. 180).
Chlosyne pecile, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 95, t. 36°.

To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

We omitted to note in our diagnosis of this species that the submarginal row of spots
on the primaries are white, as in S. erodyle.

6 (a). Synchloe eumeda. (Tab. OVIII. figg. 1, 2,4.)
Synchloé eumeda, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 96°.

S. pecili (forme typice) similis, sed anticis maculis flavis in cellula et ea infra venam medianam evanescentibus,
aliter fascia maculari ultra cellulam multo latiore, et punctis parvis submarginalibus flavis (nec albis) ;
posticis fascia, venis divisa, ad cellule finem latissima,a costa ad marginem internum extendente aurantia,
maculis quinque (nec quatuor) in serie submarginali rubris: subtus anticis maculis ad basin minoribus,
aliis majoribus, omnibus flavis; posticis maculis nigris ad basin minoribus, maculis quingue submar-
ginalibus rubris ut supra.

Hab. Mexico, Mochitlan in Guerrero (Baron ').

We have four specimens of this species, which we have now ascertained are all of the
male sex.

6 (zs). Synchloe dryope. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 3, 4,¢.)
Synchloé dryope, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 96°.

S. ewmede similis, sed fascia maculari communi flava (nec aurantia): subtus posticis ad basin maculis
majoribus et lineis distinctis formantibus.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Richardson 1).

Of this species we have a single male specimen only; it is perhaps an extreme form
of S. euwmeda.

RHOPALOCERA. 673

Synchloe marina (I. p. 181).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Amula and Xucumanatlan in Guerrero

(H. H. Smith).

8 (a). Synchloe endeis. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 5, 6, 4 .)
Synchloé endeis, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 97+.

S. marine similis, sed anticis maculis omnibus et posticis fascia discali albidis: subtus anticis fere dimidio
basali, macula subapicali aliisque duabus ad angulum analem, ferrugineis; posticis macula costali ad
basin, fascia inter lineis nigris discalibus, fasciaque submarginali, ferrugineis.

® mari similis.

Hab. Muxico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson).

Mr. Richardson has sent us a long series of this species from Western Mexico; it
differs constantly from 8. marina in the characters noted above *.

8 (s). Synchloe hyleus. (Tab. CVIIL figg. 7, 8, 3.)
Synchloé hyleus, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 97°.

S. marine similis, sed anticis fascia centrali macularum magis obvia, cum serie in disco posticarum fasciam
communem formante, anticis maculis omnibus flavis (nec albis): subtus anticis macula rubra in cellula et
ea ad coste basin posticarum absentibus.

2 mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Durango city (Becker 1),

A northern form of S. marina, of which we possess one male and three females,
agreeing well together.

Synchloe gaudialis (I. p. 183).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Sent us in numbers from Teapa.

Synchloe bonplandi (I. p. 182).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

To judge from the description, Chlosyne brunhilda, Staud. (Exot. Schmett. p. 96),
from Chiriqui, seems to be the form of this species with the basal half of the
secondaries fulvous, instead of yellow, noticed by us in the early part of this work.

ERESIA (I. p. 183).

Eresia eranites (I. p. 185).
To the localities given, add:—Mextco, Jalapa (Ff. D. G.), Cuesta de Misantla
(Trujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremana, Sinanja and Chiacam in Vera Paz
(Champion); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

* There is an error in our original description’: for “ the whitish-black marginal spots” read “the whitish
and black spots.”

O74 SUPPLEMENT.

Eresia phillyra (I. p. 185).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (F. D. G.), Orizaba (ZHlwes), Cuesta

de Misantla (Zrujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Sinanja in Vera Paz
(Champion).

Eresia alsina (1. p. 186).
To the localities given, add :—Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Eresia myia (I. p. 188).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Atoyac,
Teapa (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel).

Eresia ofella (I. p. 189).
To the localities given, add :—Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Eresia clara (I. p. 189).
‘To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Honnuras, San Pedro
Sula (Wittkugel); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba
(Champion).

ARGYNNIS (to follow the genus Hresia, I. p. >» 189).
Argynnis, Fabr. in Illiger’s Mag. vi. p. 283 (1807).

1. Argynnis nokomis.

Argynnis nokomis, W. H. Edwards, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1862, p. 221 (¢)’; Butt. N. Am, 1., Argynnis,
iv. tabb. (g ¢)?; Snyder, Occasional Memoirs of the Chicago Ent. Soc. i. p. 33 (1900)°.

Q. Alis obscure fuscis, maculis in seriebus tribus irregularibus marginibus externis subparallelibus nigris, fascia
communi lata, ad apicem anticarum in maculas varias fracta ad angulum analem posticarum extendente,
albida, maculis ad margines externos albis, aliis nigris quatuor transversis in cellula anticarum: subtus
anticis rufo-fulvis, fere dimidio exteriori pallide fiavo, maculis nigris ut in pagina superiore, maculis tribus
apicem versus et serie submarginali (nisi ad angulum analem) argenteis, costa viridi-ochracea ; posticis
quoque viridi-ochraceis, fascia lata margini externo propiore, venis divisa, pallide flava, maculis submar-
ginalibus septem, octo in serie subparalleli interioribus, aliis basin propioribus, omnibus argenteis nigro
circumcinctis.

Hab. Nortu America, Rocky Mountains !, Bitter Root Mountains ?, Southern Utah 3,
Arizona *.—Mexico, near Durango city (becker).

Mr. Becker has sent us a single female specimen of this species from Durango. It
differs from Edwards’s figures of that sex of A. nokomis, and from an Arizonan female
in our collection, having rather more than the basal half of each wing almost uniformly
fuscous between the black spots, and on the secondaries beneath the interspaces
between the silvery spots from the base to the middle obscure greenish ochreous

RHOPALOCERA. . 675

colouring, the Mexican insect in this respect being almost intermediate between the
female sof A. nokomis, Edw., and A. leto, Behr.

2. Argynnis nitocris, var. cerulescens. (Tab. OXII. figg. 15, 16, 3; 17,

18, 9.)

Argynnis nitocris, Edw., var. cerulescens, Holland, Ent. News, xi. p. 332 (Jan. 1900)'; Snyder,
Occas. Memoirs of the Chicago Ent. Soc. i. p. 33 (1900) *.

Alis dimidio basali nigris, dimidio distali late fulvis, anticis in cellula et ultra eam maculis transversis plus
minusve indistinctis fulvis, anticis et posticis lineis duabus parallelibus ad margines exteriores, maculis
variig in seriebus duabus subparallelibus interioribus, in anticis maculis exterioribus sagittiformibus, in
posticis maculis aliis discalibus, omnibus nigris: subtus anticis (nisi ad apicem) rufis, maculis variis nigris
notatis, apice ochraceo, maculis sagittiformibus paging superioris et quinque apici propioribus argenteo
extrorsum limbatis, aliis tribus subapicalibus quoque argenteis ; posticis dimidio basali ferrugineis, dimidio
distali ochraceis, maculis variis argenteis nigro circumcinctis.

Q. Aljs obscure fuscis, maculis nigris (basin versus fere obsoletis), anticis maculis in seriebus tribus plus
minusve margini exteriori subparallelibus (iis in medio majoribus et quadratis) albidis, ceruleo tinctis ;
posticis maculis magnis elongatis in serie submarginali crulescentibus et nigro punctatis, maculis aliis
minoribus margini exteriori propioribus albidis, ceruleo lavatis: subtus anticis rufis, in costa et apicem
versus flavis, maculis et lineis variis sicut in mari notatis; posticis dimidio basali brunneis aut obscure
olivaceis, parte distali flava venis nigris divisa, maculis argenteis nigro circumcinctis sicut in mari sed
majoribus ; ciliis (nisi ad venarum fines) albis.

Hab, Mexico, Rio Piedras Verdes, Chihuahua ? 7100-7300 feet (Zyler-Townsend 1).

Dr. Holland has been kind enough to give us a male and two females of this
handsome insect, many specimens of which were recently captured by Mr. Townsend.
in the Sierra Madre region of Chihuahua. The amount of blue on the upperside of
the female seems to be somewhat variable. ‘The true A. nitocris inhabits Arizona and
Nevada. ‘This insect is a very close ally of A. nokomis and A. leto.

MELITEA (to follow the genus Argynnis).
Melitea, Fabr. in Illiger’s Mag. vi. p. 284 (1807); Doubl. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 177.

The four species now referred to this genus would be almost equally well placed in
Phyciodes, near P. cyneas, P. fulvia, &c. We follow the North-American lepidopterists,
however, in referring MM. minuta and its allies to Melit@a, the differences between the
two genera not being very evident.

1. Melitza minuta.
Melitea minuta, Edw. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1861, p. 161’; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ix. p. 87; Mead,
Report Wheeler Exped. v. p. 761, t. 35. ff. 1, 2°.

Alis fulvis, basin versus obscurioribus lineis variis sinuatis nigris transeuntibus : subtus anticis fere ut supra,
sed pallidioribus, ad apicem albescentibus ; posticis albidis, fasciis tribus fulvis, lineis interruptis nigris,
marginatis, una basali recta, secunda mediana valde sinuata, tertia submarginali; anticis et posticis linea
angustissima marginali nigra notatis; ciliis alterne albis et nigris.

9 mari similis,

676 SUPPLEMENT,

. Hab. Nortu America, Colorado 2, Arizona2, New Mexico, Texas! 2.— Mexico,
Northern Sonora (Morrison).

Morrison has sent us numerous specimens of this insect from Sonora, agreeing well
with others from more northern localities in our collection and also with Mead’s
figure ?. M. minuta appears to be the North-American representative of the European
M. cinxia.

2. Melitza nympha.
Mehitea nympha, Edw. Papilio, iv. p. 53°.
M. minute similis, sed fascia communi discali sinuata flavescente aut albida: subtus posticis fascia mediana

albida lineis tribus interruptis nigris notatis, linea marginali nigra latiore.
2 mari similis, sed fascia communi fulvescentiore.

Hab. Norra America, Arizona !.—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

Ten specimens sent us from Sonora under the name of WV. arachne, Edw., appear
to be really referable to WM. nympha, the types of which were obtained in Arizona.
It is a very close ally of M. minuta, but differs constantly in having a treble series
of interrupted black lines on the median band of the secondaries beneath.

3. Melitwa beckeri, sp.n. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 9, 10, ¢.)

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis sex in cellula, tribus infra eas, fascia latissima ultra cellulam venis divisa, sordide
flavis aut ferrugineis, punctis tribus in margine externo albis; posticis fascia sinuata maculari ultra
cellulam sordide flava, altera ultra eam et macula in cellula ferrugineis, serieque macularum albescentium
margine externo: subtus anticis fulvis, basin versus ferrugineis, apud cellule finem linea nigra transversa
valde angulata alam transeunte, ad marginem externum inter venas lunulis albidis notatis, et lineis
nigris marginatis ; posticis albidis, fasciis tribus ferrugineis transversis nigro limbatis, una basali, secunda
per cellulam maculam albidam includente, tertia submarginali interrupta, lineis duabus angustis discalibus
valde sinuatis, alia marginali et venarum fines, nigris.

Hab. Mexico, Durango city (Becker).

We have ventured to describe this species from a single male sent us by Becker from
North-west Mexico. It belongs to the group of M. paila, Boisd., which includes
M. gabbi, M. whitneyi, and M. hoffmanni, Behr, but cannot be identified with either
of these forms.

4. Melitea schausi, sp.n. (Tab. CVIIL figg. 11, 12, 3.)

M. beckeri similis sed minor, alis ad basin et fascia communi fulvescentioribus ; posticis fascia sinuata maculari
angustiore: subtus anticis sicut in M. beckeri; posticis fasciis ferrugineis magis extensis, lineis nigris
magis approximatis, maculis basalibus nigro circumcinctis.

_ Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan in Vera Cruz (coll. Schaus).

Our description of this species is taken from a male, one of three specimens belonging

RHOPALOCERA. 677

to Mr. Schaus. It isa close ally of M. beckeri, but differs chiefly in the markings of
the underside of the secondaries, as well as in the other points mentioned above.

Two species of Melitea, M. pola and M. sonore, have been described by Boisduval
as from Sonora (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xii. p. 56), but it is not certain that they were
found within our limits. Dr. Skinner, in his ‘Synonymic Catalogue of N. American
Rhopalocera,’ p. 14 (1898), places these names as synonyms of MV. whitney and M. gabbi,
Behr, respectively. We have a specimen labelled ‘ Sonora ” which agrees with others
sent us by Strecker as WM. gabbi. Further evidence is required before these so-called
species, which possibly are only varieties of a single N.-American form, can be included
in our fauna.

PHYCIODES (I. p. 190).

Phyciodes cyneas (I. p. 191).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn),
Durango city (Becker), Pinal, Puebla (Elwes).

Phyciodes theona (I. p. 192).
Melitea theona, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xii. p. 56°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, N. Sonora? (Morrison), Durango city (Becker),
Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer), Tampico, Lake Chapala (Aichardson), Tierra Colorada,
Xucumanatlan, Dos Arroyos, Omilteme, Soledad, Acaguizotla, Rio Papagaio, Atoyac
(1. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Duefias (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel);
Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Rzchardson).

Specimens from Arizona and Sonora, one of which has been sent us under the name
Melitwa thekla, and another as MW. bollit, Edw., are redder on the upperside, but do
not differ in other respects. The seven examples from Duefias, including both sexes,
are smaller, but in colour and marking are identical.

_ Phyciodes ezra (I. p. 192).
Phyciodes ezra, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 91, t. 36°.

To the localities given, add :—Panama, Panama city (J. J. Walker, Hepburn).

Phyciodes tharos (I. p. 193).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison), Orizaba (Elwes), Vera
Cruz (Ff. D. G.).

5 (a). Phyciodes phaon.
Meliiea phaon, Edw. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 505°.
Phyciodes phaon, Edw. Butt. N. Am. ii., Phyciodes, t. 2. ff. 14-17; Aaron, Papilio, iv. p. 177°.
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., June 1901. Ags

678 SUPPLEMENT.

P. tharos similis, sed anticis fascia maculari sinuata discali pallide flava: subtus anticis maculis nigris magis
extensis ; posticis valde fusco marmoratis.

Hab. Nortu America, Georgia}, Gulf States as far north as Kansas 2_— MExico,
Sonora (Morrison *), Vera Cruz (F. D. G.).

Two females of this species were taken by Godman at Vera Cruz in December 18838,
and it has also been recorded from Northern Mexico by Aaron®. Mr. Edwards?
figures both the summer and winter forms of P. phaon, our Mexican specimens agreeing
with the latter.

Phyciodes picta (I. p. 193).
To the localities given, add :--Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison).

Phyciodes orseis (I. p. 193).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Orizaba (Elwes), Cuesta de Misantla

(M. Trujillo).

7 (a). Phyciodes mylitta.
Melitea mylitta, Edw. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1861, p. 160'; Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 504”.
Melitea collina, Behr, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1863, p. 86°.
Melitea callina, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xii. p. 54‘.
Melitea epula, Boisd. loc. cit. p. 54°.

P. orseidi similis, sed colore fulvo magis extenso lineas distinctas fuscas transversas indicante.

Hab. Norta America, California®, Southern United States 1~3.__Mexico, Northern
Sonora * (Morrison).

Morrison has sent us seven specimens of this species, including both sexes, from
Sonora. It is a very close ally of P. tharos and P. orseis. We have already mentioned
P. mylitta amongst the unidentified Central-American forms (anted, I. p. 209).

Phyciodes boucardi (I. p. 194).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Xucumanatlan, Acaguizotla, Omilteme, and
Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Bolafios in Jalisco (Richardson).

Phyciodes vesta (I. p. 195).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Orizaba (Elwes), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith). :

Sent us in numbers from Atoyac.
Phyciodes pallescens (I. p. 195).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic, Lake Chapala
(Richardson), Jalisco. (Schumann), Puebla (Elwes), Atlixco, Morelia, and Cuernavaca

RHOPALOCERA. 679

(F. D. G.), Cordova (Riimeli), Xucumanatlan, Acaguizotla, La Venta, Venta de
Zopilote (H. H. Smith), Acapulco (J. J. Walker).

We now have a very long series of this insect.

_ Phyciodes elada (I. p. 196).

To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Durango city (Becker), Lake Chapala, Jalisco
(Richardson), Tepetlapa, Amula, Hacienda de la Imagen and Venta de Zopilote in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

We now have many examples of this species from Western Mexico.

Phyciodes imitata (I. p. 196).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison).

13 (a). Phyciodes dymas. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 13, 14, ¢.)
Melitea dymas, Edw. Canad. Ent. ix. p. 190°.
Melitea larunda, Strecker, Lep. Rhop. & Het. p. 130’.

P. imitate similis, sed anticis fascia costali ultra cellulam pallida: subtus posticis lineis nigris discalibus
interruptis,
© mari similis.

Hab. Norta America, California, Texas! 2,—MeExico, Northern Sonora (Jforrison),
Alamos (Buchan-Hepburn).

This species, as we had already anticipated, inhabits Northern Mexico, whence a
long series has been sent us by Mr. Morrison from Sonora, and one from Alamos in
Chihuahua by Buchan-Hepburn. It is a very small narrow-winged insect, differing
from P. imitata as noted above. We figure one of Mr. Morrison’s specimens.

13 (8). Phyciodes hepburni, sp. n. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 15, 16, 2.)
P. imitate similis, sed multo obscuriore, fascia maculari discali communi (in anticis interrupta) et macula
parva in cellula, pallide flavis: subtus posticis fasciis albescentioribus.
© mari similis.

Hab. Mexico, Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn).

We have four specimens of this little species, including both sexes. In its narrow
wings it agrees with P. dymas and P. imitata, differing from the latter as noted above.
P. elada, which is another nearly allied form, has broader wings and the band on the

underside of the secondaries less distinctly defined.

.13(c). Phyciodes anomalus. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 17, 18.)
Phyciodes anomalus, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc, 1897, p. 243°.

Alis fusco-nigris, ciliis albo interruptis; anticis dimidio distali punctis albis notato; posticis fascia mediana
- fulva intra eam punctis quibusdam ejusdem coloris et extra eam punctis albis: subtus pallidioribus,
432

680 SUPPLEMENT.

anticis punctis albis majoribus lunulis submarginalibus saturate fulvis ; posticis fascia mediana cervina
extra eam lunulis nigris et punctis albis seriatim positis, lunulis fulvis submarginalibus nigro limbatis et
intra eas lunulis albis, ad basin fulvo et albido maculatis, maculis omnibus late nigro marginatis ; palpis
fuscis, subtus albis; abdomine subtus albido supra fusco, lateribus albido punctatis.

Hab. Mexico, Colima (mus. Staudinger 1).

A distinct species with no near ally. We have seen but one specimen, and that in

Dr. Staudinger’s collection.

16 (a). Phyciodes faustus. (Tab. CVIIL. figg. 19, 20.)
Phyciodes faustus, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 243°.

P. ptolyce similis, sed alia anticis aliter punctatis, maculis duabus medianis (inferiore majore fere rotundata),
duabus subapicalibus (inferiore parva, superiore elongata), fascia mediana posticarum integra, lineola
submarginali evanescente.

Hab. PanaMa, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger 1).

Though compared with P. ptolyca, this species has only a general resemblance to
that insect. The spots on the primaries are fewer in number and differently placed,
only a small one remaining in the end of the cell with a larger one below it. The

wings, too, are narrower.

Phyciodes fragilis (I. p. 198).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, San Blas (Richardson), Misantla, Vera Cruz
(F. D. G.), Orizaba (Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Phyciodes texana (I. p. 200).

To the localities given, add:—MeExico, N. Sonora (Morrison), Pinos Altos in
Chihuahua, Rio Mescales (Buchan-Hepburn), Ciudad Victoria, Sierra Madre de Tepic,
Lake Chapala (Richardson), Durango city (Becker), Venta de Zopilote, Acaguizotla
(H. H. Smith), Morelia, Cuernavaca, Orizaba (/. D. G.).

Phyciodes ptolyca (I. p. 201).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa, Misantla (/’. D. G.), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

24 (a). Phyciodes phlegias, sp.n. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 21, 22, ¢.)

P. ptolyce similis, sed anticis ad marginem externum magis erosis, maculis majoribus lete fulvis; posticis
fascia transversa lata ultra cellulam lineaque angusta interrupta margini propiore coloris ejusdem :
subtus posticis fascia transversa albida, introrsum costam versus litura rubro-fusca notatis, extrorsum ad
marginem externum fusco-rubro suffusis.

Hab. Honpuras (ex Staudinger).

We possess two males of this species. It is a close ally of P. ptolyca, differing as
noted above.

RHOPALOCERA. 681

Phyciodes tulcis (I. p. 203).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico and Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas,
Sierra Madre de Tepic, San Blas (Richardson), Vera Cruz (F'. D. G.), Dos Arroyos, Atoyac,
Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemana, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras,
Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Phyciodes ardys (I. p. 204).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Omilteme, Acaguizotla, Soledad, Amula
(H. H. Smith), Orizaba (Elwes), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo); Nicaraaua, Matagalpa
(Richardson).

With the long series of specimens we now possess from Mexico, we are convinced
that P. hermas (Hew.) cannot be separated from P. ardys, of which P. subota and
P. drymea, G. & §., are probably only extreme forms.

32 (a). Phyciodes alexon. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 23, 24, 3; 25, 26, 2.)
Phyciodes aleron, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ili. p. 853 (g 2) (1889) '.

P. nebulose affinis, sed anticarum maculis omnibus pallide flavidis (nec ferrugineis), lineis et maculis dimidiis
distalis posticarum quoque flavidis distinguenda.
Q mari similis, sed major et maculis omnibus magis distinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca, Rincon, and Acaguizotla in the Sierra Madre del Sur
(H. H. Smith +).

Described from three males and one female sent us by Mr. H. H. Smith}. Allied
to P. nebulosa, having elongated wings and the under surface similarly coloured.

Phyciodes argentea (I. p. 207).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann) ; GuaTEMALA,
Solola (dtichardson).

40 (a). Phyciodes cyno. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 27, 28, ¢; 29, 30, 2.)

Phyciodes cyno, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 354 (¢) (1889)'.

3. P. otant similis, sed anticis maculis discalibus majoribus et plaga sericea nulla: subtus anticis (apice
excepto) fere unicoloribus, lineolis ad basin et costam versus obsoletis vix notatis; posticis plerumque
grisescentioribus, maculis omnibus sicut in P. ofane, sed magis distinctis.

Q. Femine P. sopoli similis, sed maculis omnibus albis (nec fulvis), iis ad basin propioribus minutioribus ;

posticis disco rufo-fulvo suffusis, fascia angulata interiore multo angustiore: subtus grisescentioribus,
anticis maculis albis ut supra.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. J. Elwes), Cuesta de Misantla (coll. Schaus).

Our original description of this species was taken from a single male specimen
captured by Mr. Elwes, but we have since seen a pair of it in Mr. Schaus’s collection ;
our figure of the female is taken from one of the latter.

682 SUPPLEMENT.

MICROTIA (I. p. 210).
Microtia elva (I. p. 210).
Microtia elva, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 94, t. 36°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Alamos ( Buchan-Hepburn), San Blas, Jalisco
(Richardson), Mazatlan (H. Edwards), Dos Arroyos, Chilpancingo, Amula, Tierra
Colorada, Xucumanatlan, Rio Papagaio, Rincon, Acaguizotla (H. H. Smith), Coatepec
(Brooks) ; GuateMaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Nicaraeva, Matagalpa
(Richardson).

MORPHEIS (I. p. 211).
Morpheis ehrenbergi (I. p. 211).
Anemeca ehrenbergii, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 96, t. 36°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Bolafios, Lake Chapala (Richardson), Tepet-
lapa, Hacienda de la Imagen, Soledad, Chilpancingo, Xucumanatlan (H. U1. Smith),
Amecameca (ff, D, G.).

EUREMA (I. p. 211).
Eurema lethe (I. p. 212).
Hypanartia lethe, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 96, t. 37 *.
To the localities given, add :—Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

We have also received specimens from many other additional localities, but it is not

necessary to mention them.

Eurema kefersteini (I. p. 213).
Hypanartia kefersteini, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 97, t. 37°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (Dugés); GuaTemMaLa, San Gerénimo,
Chiacam (Champion).

Eurema dione (I. p. 214).
Hypanartia dione, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 97, t. 37°.

To the localities given, add:—? Mexico?; GUATEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria
(Richardson), Chiacam (Champion).

Eurema arcei (I. p. 214).
To the localities given, add:—Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

VANESSA (I. p. 214).

Vanessa antiopa (I. p. 215).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Durango city (becker), Pinal, Puebla (Hlwes),
Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (F. D. G.).

RHOPALOCERA. 683,

GRAPTA (L p. 216).

Grapta g-argenteum (I. p. 216).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo).

1 (4). Grapta interrogationis.
Papilio interrogationis, Fabr. Ent. Syst., Supp. p. 424°.
Grapta interrogationis, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. p. 197”.
Polygonia interrogationis, Scudd. Butt. E. U. 8. i. p. 319, t. 3. ff. 8-13".
Papilio c-aureum, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 19. ff. E, F*; Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins. Georg. i. t. 11’.
Vanessa c-aureum, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Amér. Sept. p. 192, t. 51°.
Grapta umbrosa, Lintn. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii. p.3137; Edw. Butt. N. Am.i., Grapta, t. 4°.
Grapta fabricii, Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. iii. p.5°; Butt. N. Am.i., Grapta, t. 5".

Alis fulvis, anticis margine externo late et posticis fere omnino rufo-fusco notatis, area mediana nigro
maculatis, marginibus ipsis ceruleo-griseis: subtus rufo-brunneis et griseo variegatis; posticis littera
C aurea aut argentea interrupta notatis.

Var. umbrosa, posticis (nisi ad basin et regione costali) nigro-fuscis.

Hab. Nortu America !~!°, Nova Scotia, Canada, United States—Mexico, Durango
city (Becker).

Of this important addition to the Mexican fauna Mr. Becker has sent us two
specimens, one belonging to the form fabricii, the other to wmbrosa. Mr. Edwards
gives excellent figures of both these varieties, and states that he has bred them from
the same batch of eggs.

Grapta haroldi (I. p. 217).
To the locality given, add :—MeExico, Amecameca (Ff. D. G.).

Godman captured a single worn specimen of this species on the slopes of Popo-
catepetl, near Amecameca, in 1888.

PYRAMEIS (I. p. 217).

Pyrameis cardui (I. p. 217).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Bolafios (Richardson),
Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Pyrameis huntera (I. p. 218).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison), Pinos Altos in
Chihuahua ( Buchan-Hepburn), Milpas in Durango (Forrer), Volcan de Ixtaccihuatl
11,500 feet (Richardson), Omilteme, Xucumanatlan, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa
(F. D. G.), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo); Guaremaus, Volcan de Atitlan, Chiacam
(Champion).

684 SUPPLEMENT.

Pyrameis carye (I. p. 219).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Orizaba (F. D. G.),
Mexico city (H. H. Smith).—Juan Fernanpez I. (J. J. Walker).

Pyrameis atalanta (I. p. 219).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico in Tamaulipas (Richardson),
Durango city (Becker), Jalapa (F. D. G.), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo).

JUNONIA (I. p. 219).
Junonia cenia (I. p. 220).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Sierra Madre de
Tepic, Bolafos (ichardson), Jalisco (Schumann); Honvuras, San Pedro Sula
( Wittkugel) ; Costa Rica, San Francisco (Rogers).

The specimens from the above-quoted Mexican localities belong to a very dark form
in which the pale subapical patch on the primaries is either wholly absent or very
faintly indicated. We have also received examples of this common American species
from many other additional localities.

2. Junonia vellida.
Papilio vellida, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 35+; Don. Ins. of New Holland &c. t. 25’.
Vanessa calybe, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 317°.
Cynthia hampstediensis, Steph. Ill. Brit. Ent., Haust. i. p. 48, t. 5. ff. 3, 4°.

J. ceenie similis, sed posticis ocellis marginem externum versus fulvo circumcinctis.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers) —Auvstrauasia ; Samoa Is.; Java; Sumatra, &c.

Rogers sent us a single specimen of this well-known eastern species from Costa Rica,
and we have no reason to doubt that he obtained it there; the same remark applies to
Pyrameis kershawit, which we have already included (anted, I. p. 218) in our list on
his authority. Possibly both species have been introduced into Central America.

EUNICA (I. p. 223).
Kunica caresa (I. p. 224).
To the localities given, add :—Guatemaa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Kunica augusta, (I. p. 226).
Eunica augusta, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 110, t. 40°.

To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).
Eunica modesta (I. p. 2°28).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson),
Durango city (Becker), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guarmmata, Volcan de Santa Maria

(fichardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Rich-
ardson); Panama, Tolé (Champion).

RHOPALOCERA. 685

Kunica tatila (1. p. 229).
To the localities given, add :—Mextco, Ciudad Victoria and Tampico (Richardson),
Coatepec (Brooks), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

MYSCELIA (I. p. 229).
We have recorded a species of Myscelia from Lower California, in 1889, thus
extending the distribution of this genus.

Myscelia cyaniris (I. p. 230).
Myscelia cyaniris, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 112, t. 41°.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith); Guats-
MALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ;
Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Myscelia ethusa (I. p. 232).
9. Myscelia rogenhoferi, Feld., antea, 1. p. 231, t. 24. ff. 3, 4.
(o. Myscelia patienia, Butl. & Druce, antea, 1. p. 232.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Coatepec (Brooks) ;
GuATEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

With our large amount of additional material (twenty-nine specimens in all),
including seven pairs from various localities, we find that I. rogenhoferi is the female,
and M. pattenia a form of the male of WM. ethusa. The males from Nicaragua and
Costa Rica (1f. pattenia) have all the spots on the primaries beyond the cell white,
and the inner fascie of the secondaries separated into two more or less parallel lines,
in this respect being very like the females, which differ constantly from the other
sex in having two transverse greyish fascie on the underside of these wings. We
rather hastily concluded that the sexes of M. rogenhoferi differed in the same way as
those of M. leucocyanea, whereas all our numerous specimens of the former prove to
be females. One of the males from Guatemala is intermediate between J/. ethusa
and MM. pattenia as regards the colour of the spots on the primaries.

Myscelia cyananthe (I. p. 233),
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Cacahuamilpa (/’. D. G.).

. EPIPHILE (I. p. 233),
Epiphile adrasta (I. p. 234).
Epiphile adrasta, Stand. Exot. Schmett. p. 111, t. 41°.
_ To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Jalapa (Ff. D. G.), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo),
Coatepec (Brooks), Atoyac (H. H. Smith) ; Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. IL., June 1901. , . 4p

686 SUPPLEMENT.

BOLBONEURA (lI. p. 237).
Bolboneura sylphis (I. p. 237).
Bulboneura sylphis, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 114, t. 41°.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Savana Grande in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),
Coatepec (Brooks).

TEMENIS (I. p. 238).

Temenis ariadne (I. p. 238).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); GUATEMALA,
Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson), Cahabon, Chiacam (Champion); Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

NICA (I. p. 239).
Nica canthara (I. p. 239).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); GUATEMALA,
Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Richardson) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

EPICALIA (I. p. 240).
Epicalia esite (I. p. 241).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Omealca (Trujillo) ; Honpuras, San Pedro
Sula (Wittkugel).

Epicalia nyctimus (I. p. 242).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla ( Trujillo), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Epicalia chromis (I. p. 243).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

Epicalia aglaura (I. p. 244).
To the localities given, add :—-Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

EUBAGIS (I. p. 244).

Eubagis theseus (I. p. 246). —
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Hon-
puras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Achardson).

RHOPALOCERA. 687

Eubagis postverta (I. p. 250).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Cuesta de Misantla
(Trujillo), La Venta, Rio Papagaio, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemana, Volcan
de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Eubagis dyonis (1. p. 250).

To the localities given, add:—MeExico, Acaguizotla, Venta de Zopilote, Atoyac
(H. H. Smith), Coatepec (Brooks) ; Guatemaa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Honpburas, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel), Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaragua, Matagalpa
(Richardson).

Eubagis glauce (I. p. 251).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac (—H. H. Smith), Coatepec (Brooks) ;
GuaTEMALA, Senahu, Sabo, San Gerdnimo (Champion).

HAMATERA (I. p. 251).

Hematera pyramus (I. p. 252).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

CYCLOGRAMMA (I. p. 252).

Cyclogramma pandama (I. p. 253).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith), Jalapa, Orizaba
(fF. D. G.); Guaremaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Cyclogramma, bacchis (I. p. 253).
Cyclogrammna bimaculata, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 97, t. 40°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tepetlapa in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

CALLICORE (I. p. 254).

Callicore astala (I. p. 254).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (Ff. D. G.), Orizaba (Elwes), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

1 (a). Callicore asteria. (Tab. CVIII. figg. 31, 32, ¢.)
Callicore asteria, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 97°.

C. astale similis, sed anticis macula nitente caerulea mediana absente:. subtus anticis nigris, ad basin fascia
angusta sinuata mediana et ad apicem (linea submarginali excepta) albis, ad cellule finem plaga coccinea

472

688 SUPPLEMENT.

Hab. Mexico, San Blas (Richardson ').

A single male from the western coast of Mexico is the only one of this species we

have as yet seen.

Callicore anna (I. p. 255).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Omealca, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo),
Atoyac, Fortin, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatmmaia, Santa Maria (Richardson), Sabo in
Vera Paz (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Our series contains two males from Cordova in which the lines forming the double
figure of eight on the secondaries beneath are partially or almost entirely wanting, and
the two outer lines are fused into one.

4 (a). Callicore beleses. (Tab. CVIIT. figg. 33, 34.)
Callicore beleses, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 854 (1889) °*.

C. marchalii similis, sed fascia anticarum magis arcuata; posticis plaga magna discali nitente eneo ornatis :
subtus linea subapicali gilva angustissima, fascia arcuata juxta eam lunulata costam haud attingente ;
posticis lineis omnibus nigris, multo latioribus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

We are indebted to Dr. Staudinger for the loan of an example of this species, which
is closely allied to C. marchalit, but may at once be distinguished by the conspicuous
metallic spot on the discal area of the secondaries. As the true C. marchalii is
abundant in Chiriqui and extends to Nicaragua, the occurrence of a second species in

the same area is somewhat remarkable.

CATAGRAMMA (L. p. 257).

Catagramma lyca (I. p. 258).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ; Honpuras, San Pedro

Sula (Wittkugel).

Catagramma, denina (I. p. 260).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Aichardson).

Catagramma, titania (I. p. 261).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); GuaTEMALa,
Volcan de Santa Maria (fichardson), San Juan and Chacoj (Champion); Honpuras,
San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion).

RHOPALOCERA. 689

CALLIZONA (I. p. 268).

Callizona acesta (I. p. 264).
Callizona acesta, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 125, t. 43°.
To the localities given, add:— Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Witthugel); Costa Rica,
Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

GYNZCIA (I. p. 265).

-Gynecia dirce (I. p. 265).
Gynecia dirce, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 125, t. 43°.

To the localities given, add:—Mextico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); GuatemaLa, Panzos
(Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richard-
son); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba, David, Volcan de

Chiriqui (Champion).
AGERONIA (I. p. 267).

Ageronia ferentina (I. p. 268).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Coatepec (Brooks),
Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richard-

son).

Ageronia glauconome (I. p. 268).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),

Coatepec (Brooks); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Ageronia atlantis (I. p. 269).
Ageronia lelaps, G. & 8., antea, i. p. 2707.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guadalajara ( Goldsmith) ; GUATEMALA,
Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

‘We now have both sexes of A. lelaps from Mexico, as well as a female from the
Pacific slope of Guatemala, and find that it cannot be separated from A. atlantis.

PERIDROMIA (lL. p. 270).

Peridromia arethusa (I. p. 270).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, San
Juan, Chacoj and Panzos in Vera Paz (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

690 SUPPLEMENT.

Peridromia amphinome (I. p. 271).
Ageronia amphinome, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 128, t. 44°. ;
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Rio Papagaio,
Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Hoxpvuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel) ; Nicaraaua, Matagalpa,
(Richardson) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Peridromia guatemalena (I. p. 273).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tetamoa (Buchan-Hepburn), La Venta in
Guerrero, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Honpvuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaraaua,
Matagalpa (Aichardson) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

DIDONIS (I. p. 275).
Didonis aganisa (I. p. 276).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Acaguizotla, Atoyac
(H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla, San Lorenzo (Trujillo); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel), Ruatan I. (Gaumer) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Didonis biblis (1. p. 277).
Didonis biblis, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p, 128, t. 44°.

To the localities given, add:—Panama®, Pena Blanca (Champion), Panama city
(Buchan-Hepburn).

CYSTINEURA (I. p. 277).
Cystineura amymone (I. p. 278).

To the localities given, add :—Nortra America, Texas.—MeExico, Pinos Altos in
Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Tampico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Guerrero,
Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (fF. D. G.), Coatepec (Brooks); Nicaracva, Matagalpa
(Richardson).

We now have a specimen from Jalapa with a distinct fulvous streak at the middle
of the outer margin of the primaries, as in the two Texan examples in our collection
sent us by Mr. Strecker under the name of C. dorcas.

TIMETES (I. p. 282).
Dr. Skinner [Syn. Cat. N. Am. Rhopalocera (1898)] has recorded three of our species
from the Southern United States; these are, 7. peleus, Sulz. (=petreus, Cram.), from
Florida, and 7. coresia, Godt., and T. chiron, Fabr., from Texas.,

Timetes harmonia (I. p. 286).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

Sent us in numbers by Mr. Smith.

RHOPALOCERA. | 691

Timetes berania (I. p. 286).
Megalura berania, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 135, t. 45 *.
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Costa Rica,
Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Timetes merops (I. p. 288).
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Timetes chiron (I. p. 288).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Campala (Forrer),
Pinal, Puebla (Elwes), Tierra Colorada in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Timetes coresia (I. p. 289).
Megalura coresia, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 184, t. 45°.

To the localities given, add :—Muxtco, Orizaba (Elwes), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo),
Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Purula (Champion).

Timetes iole (I. p. 289).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

PYRRHOGYRA (I. p. 291).
Pyrrhogyra hypsenor (I. p. 292).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, San Blas (Richardson); Guatema.a, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Aichardson), Panzos (Conradt) ; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Figured by us under the name of P. tipha (Tab. XXVII. figg. 3, 4).

ADELPHA (I. p. 294).
Adelpha leuceria (I. p. 300).
To the localities given, add:—-MeExico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo); Panama,
Chiriqui (Zrétsch). |
We have now received four specimens of this species from the Atlantic slope of
Mexico.

Adelpha fessonia (I. p. 301).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Sierra Madre de T'epic (Richardson), Jalapa
(F. D. G.); Guatemana, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Nicaraeua, Matagalpa
(Richardson). |

Adelpha oberthiri (I. p. 302).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

692 SUPPLEMENT.

15 (a). Adelpha creton, sp. n. (Tab. CIX. figg. 1, 2, ¢.)

2. A. dioclei similis sed major, anticis macula elongata subapicali fulva latiore introrsum rectiore; posticis
margine externo magis dentato et caudato, fascia alba angulum analem versus angustiore: subtus fascia
communi alba, preesertim in posticis, latiore.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Mr. Schaus has lent us a single female of this interesting insect, which appears to
be a northern form of A. diocles, known from a single male only from Panama, but
differing as described above; it can, however, hardly belong to that species, as we know
of no such sexual differences in any of the allied forms.

Adelpha pithys (I. p. 305).

To the localities given, add :—Guatema.a, Solola (Richardson).

Adelpha basilea (I. p. 306).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, La Venta and Rincon in Guerrero (Z. i.
Smith) ; GuateMata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel).

Adelpha iphicla (I. p. 306).
Adelpha iphicla, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 142, t. 497.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Acagui-
zotla, Dos Arroyos, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla (Z'rujzllo); Guarema.a,
Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Costa
Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Adelpha basiloides (1. p. 307).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Jalapa (Ff. D. G.),
Atoyac (Hf. H. Smith); Guaremata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson),

Adelpha celerio (I. p. 308).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cuesta
de Misantla (Zrwillo); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Adelpha bredowi (I. p. 310).
- Limenitis bredowi, Edw. Butt. N. Am. i., Limenitis, t. 4°.
Heterochroa californica, Butl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 485 *

To the localities given, add:—Norra America, California? 4—Muxico, Durango
city (Becker), Puebla (Elwes), Amecameca (Ff. D. G.), Omilteme, Xucumanatlan
(H. H. Smith).

RHOPALOCERA. 693

LIMENITIS (I. p. 311).

Limenitis arizonensis (I. p. 311).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango city (Becker).

Mr. Becker has sent us two females of this insect from Durango, thus extending our
knowledge of its range southwards.

CHLORIPPE (I. p. 312).

Chlorippe callianira (I. p. 314).
To the localities given, add:—Guatemana, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

—Chlorippe pavonii (I. p. 315).

Apatura pavonii, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 158, t. 55°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann),
Cuesta de Misantla (Zrwjillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guavemata, Volcan de Santa
Maria (Richardson), Panzos (Conradt); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel)
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

’

Chlorippe laure (I. p. 315).

To the localities given, add:—Muexico, Campala (Forrer), Venta de Zopilote and
La Venta in Guerrero, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Coatepec
(Brooks); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Honpuras, San Pedro
Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Panama, San Feliz (Champion).

Chlorippe cherubina (I. p. 318).
To the localities given, add :—-Nicaraeva, Matagalpa (Richardson).

DOXOCOPA (CL. p. 318).

Doxocopa argus (I. p. 319).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaragua,

Matagalpa (Richardson).

We possess four males and one female of this species from Nicaragua, these being
much darker than our Mexican specimens, the female, too, having the pale oblique
band on the primaries almost obsolete.

2. Doxocopa celtis.
Apatura celtis, Boisd. & Lec. Lép. Amér. Sept. p. 210, t.57'; Edw. Butt. N. Am. ii., Apatura,
t. 1. ff. 1-5 *.
Apatura leilia, Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. v. p. 103°; Butt. N. Am. ii., Apatura, t. 1. ff. 6-7 +.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., September 1901. 4U

694 SUPPLEMENT.

Alis sordide fulvis, anticis dimidio apicali fuscescente, maculis duabus elongatis cellulam transeunte nigrescentibus,
interiore interdum in duas partes divisa, maculis octo exterioribus, tribus ultra cellulam, aliis tribus infra
eas, una apicali, una quoque infra eam, albidis, ocellis duobus nigris inter venas (interdum albo pupillatis)
marginem externum versus, lineis submarginalibus duabus subparallelibus nigrescentibus ; posticis ocellis
nigris sex, plerumque ceruleo pupillatis in serie irregulari submarginali, ultra eas lineis duabus, interiore
valde undulata: subtus anticis fusco-griseis, infra venam medianam interdum rubescentioribus, maculis
albis et ocellis duobus ut supra, ocelloque tertio apicem versus; posticis grisescentibus, lineis obscuris
variis transeuntibus, ocellis ut supra sed majoribus et omnibus ceruleo pupillatis flavoque circumcinctis,
lineis submarginalibus ut in pagina superiore.

Hab. Nortu America, New England to Texas 2, Arizona? 4.—Mzxico, Northern

Sonora (Morrison), Durango city (Becker).

Our collection contains twelve specimens of this species from within our limits (nine
males from Sonora and two males and one female from Durango), as well as others
from the United States. The Sonoran examples belong to the form D. leilia and the
Durango ones to D. celtis. The differences between these two insects as given by
Mr. Edwards seem to be of little importance when a long series is examined, as
intermediates occur. Named examples of both sexes of D. celtis sent us by
Mr. Strecker confirm us in this opinion. We notice, however, that the Sonoran and
Arizona insects are redder on the upperside and on the underside of the primaries
below the median nervure.

PREPONA (I. p. 320).
Prepona demophon (1. p. 320).
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Campala (Forrer); GUATEMALA, Volcan de

Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

The single specimen from Mexico is in very bad condition, but no doubt belongs
here.

3 (a). Prepona elia. (Tab. CIX. fig. 3, 3.)
Prepona elia, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (6) ili. p. 855 (g) (1889).

Alis nigricantibus, fascia communi mediana nitente ceerulea; maculis duabus parvis ad angulum analem
aliisque obsoletis submarginalibus cyaneis: subtus sericeo-cinereo-brunneis fere unicoloribus, dimidio
basali lineis paucis nigris irregulariter transfasciatis ; posticis maculis ad angulum analem cyaneis et ad
marginem externum sicut in pagina superiore.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (Brooks 1).

We possess a single male specimen of this species, given us by Mr, Brooks of
Coatepec and captured in that neighbourhood, and Mr. Schaus informs us that he
has a female of it, also from Mexico. It resembles in some respects P. synchroma of
Staudinger, and has a similar distribution of the blue colour on the upper surface

RHOPALOCERA. 695

of the wings, but the secondaries have no obsolete submarginal fulvous spots as in that
species. Beneath, the wings are almost uniformly coloured, instead of being divided
into two tints by a sharply defined straight transverse line.

Prepona amphitoe (I. p. 322).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel) ; Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Prepona gnorima (I. p. 323).
Prepona gnorima, Staud, Exot. Schmett. p. 160, t. 56.
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

7. Prepona brooksiana. (Tab. CIX. figg. 4, 5, 2.)
Prepona brooksiana, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 355 (9) (1889)'.

9. Alis fusco-nigris, fascia lata communi per medium alarum (latiore in posticis) nitente cyanea ; maculis
magnis fulvis in serie submarginali positis, iis in posticis nigro ocellatis: subtus dimidio basali, extrorsum
irregulariter terminato, argenteo-cano, lineis transversis undulatis nigris, dimidio distali brunneo-
cinereo ; anticis lineis transversis tribus nigris, una brevi ad cellule finem, secunda bene angulata ultra
eam per alam extendente, tertia exteriore et margine externo subparalleli, punctis tribus angulum analem
versus nigris; posticis argenteo irroratis, ocellis duobus nigris fulvo circumcinctis cyaneo et albo pupillatis,
uno ad apicem, altero ad angulum analem, fascia submarginali communi fere obsoleta pallidiore in posticis
intra oculos, punctis tribus indistinctis cyaneis notatis.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (brooks *).

A single female of this fine species was captured by Mr. Brooks at Coatepec, and
Mr. Schaus informs us that he has a worn specimen of it also from Mexico. It is not
very nearly allied to any other Prepona known to us, though on the upperside the
markings somewhat remind us of those of P. deiphile of South America. The male is

at present unknown.

AGANISTHOS (I. p. 324).

Aganisthos orion (I. p. 324).
Aganisthos odius, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 160, t. 56.
To the localities given, add :—Gvuatemana, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

COEA (I. p. 325).

Coea cadmus (I. p. 326).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Volcan
de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).
4u2

696 SUPPLEMENT.

AGRIAS (L. p. 328).

Agrias zdon (I. p. 328).
Agrias edon, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 164°.

To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Vera Paz (Rodriguez).

Sefior Don Juan Rodriguez, in a letter to Salvin of 11th May, 1897, states that he
possesses a male of this species captured in Vera Paz.

SMYRNA (L. p. 329).

Smyrna blomfildia (I. p. 329).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Campala (Forrer), Cuesta de Misantla
(Lrujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel) ; Nicaracua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

SIDERONE (I. p. 331).

Siderone ellops (I. p. 332).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rio Papagaio and Dos Arroyos in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith) ; Guatemaua, Zapote (Champion) ; Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Siderone ide (I. p. 333). (Tab. XXXVII. figg. 8, 9, ¢, var. thebais; 10, 2.)
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Coatepec (Brooks); GuaTemata, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaraava,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

ANA (I. p. 335).

Dr. Skinner [Syn. Cat. N. Am. Rhopalocera (1898)] enumerates three species of
this genus from the United States—A. andria, Scudd. (=ops, Druce), A. portia
(Fabr.), and A. morrisoni, Edw. (=aidea, Guér.), giving “ Mexico” as an additional
habitat of A. morrisoni.

Anza titan (I. p. 337). (Tab. CIX. figg. 6, 7, 2.)

Q mari similis, sed alis rufo-brunneis, anticis fascia ochracea irregulari ultra cellulam (latiore ad marginem
internum) fere ad angulum analem extendente, margine externo angulum analem versus maculis quatuor
coloris ejusdem, apice ipso rufo-brunneo (nec nigro); posticis vix caudatis, dimidio externo late flavis,
rubro anguste limbatis, apicem versus maculis tribus notatis: subtus dimidiis externis flavescentioribus ;
anticis maculis duabus discalibus flavis.

To the localities given, add:—Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Zrétsch, ex Staudinger).
We are now able to describe and figure the female of this species from an example

from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s collection; he has also sent us a male from that
locality.

RHOPALOCERA. 697

Anza aidea (I. p. 338).
Paphia morrisoni, Edw. Papilio, iii. p. 8°.
To the localities given, add:—Norra America, Arizona?.—Mexico, Alamos in
Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas (Richardson), Venta de
Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Honypuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Anza ryphea (I. p. 339).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Anza morta (I. p. 340).
To the localities given, add :—Hownpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Anza cenomais (I. p. 341).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico (cold. Schaus), Tampico (Richardson).

Mr. Richardson has sent us a single female from Tampico which seems to belong to
this species.

13 (a). Anza schausiana. (Tab. CIX. figg. 8, 3 ; 9,10, 2.)
Anea schausiana, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 98 (1894) °.

$. Alis purpureo-nigris, anticis triente basali et macula ad apicem purpureo-ceruleis : subtus lete brunneis,
griseo et argenteo irroratis, anticis fascia indistincta (latiore angulum analem versus) a margine interno
ad apicem extendente, punctis minutis submarginalibus sex albidis ; posticis fascia lata margini externo
subparalleli grisescente, punctis minutis submarginalibus sex albis, horum duobus nigro notatis.

@ mari similis, sed alis ambabus ad basin late et maculis duabus subapicalibus violaceo-ceruleis: subtus multo
pallidioribus ochraceo-brunneo irroratis, cauda magis producta et spatulata.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec (Schaus 1).

We are indebted to Mr. Schaus for a pair of this fine species. It is perhaps most
nearly allied to A. beatrix, amongst the Central-American Ance.

Anza pithyusa (I. p. 345).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Coatepec (Brooks), Cuesta de Misantla
(Trujillo), Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (fichardson).

We have received many males of this species from the Volcan de Santa Maria, some
of which have the spots on the primaries either very small or absent. Mr. Brooks has
sent us specimens of both sexes from Coatepec.

Anza xenocles (I. p. 346).
_Dr. Staudinger has sent us a female Anewa from Chiriqui which probably belongs to
this species. It has the base of the wings of a paler blue tint and the primaries have
two subapical white spots only.

698 SUPPLEMENT.

Anza herbacea (I. p. 347).
To the locality given, add :—Muexico, Orizaba (coll. Schaus).

We have seen a male of this species from Mexico in Mr. Schaus’s collection agreeing
with the Costa Rican types.

Anza proserpina (I. p. 348). (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 7, 8, ¢; 9, 10, 2.)
The reference to our figures of this species was omitted on p. 348.

Anza laura (I. p. 348).
Anea laura, Honrath, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1889, p. 167 (?) *.

We now have a male of this species, given us by Wheeler, captured in the interior
of Colombia.

23 (a). Anza elara. (Tab. CIX. figg. 11, 12, ¢.)
Anea elara, Godm. & Salv. Trans, Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 244°.

Alis ecaudatis, cyaneo-nigris; anticis fascia subapicali arcuata venis quadripartita viridi-cyanea ; posticis
unicoloribus ad marginem externum squamis viridi-cyaneis atomatis: subtus late castaneis albo irroratis,
marginibus externis immaculatis, posticis macula parva ad medium marginis costalis.

2 major, alis ad basin viridi-cyaneo lavatis, anticis fascia subapicali latiore et fere ad angulum analem
extensa, posticis caudatis.

Hab. Costa Rica (mus. Staudinger ').

This species is allied to A. proserpina, Salvin, and A. ambrosia, Druce, having the
underside of the former and the upperside somewhat like that of the latter.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a male and female—the former in good condition, but the
latter has lost the tails of the hind wings.

Anza forreri (I. p. 350).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Coatepec (Brooks); Guaremaa, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Aichardson).

We now possess both sexes of this species from Coatepec, the female being very
like the type (male) from Presidio, except that it has a spatulate tail to the secondaries;
the male from Coatepec closely resembles the second example of that sex we have
already mentioned. The eight males sent us by Mr. Richardson trom the Pacific slope
of Guatemala agree with these latter, except in having the base of the wings of a
greenish hue.

Anza orthesia (I. p. 351). (‘Tab. XXXVI. figg. 5, 6, 3; 7, 8,2 * )
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).
Mr. Smith has sent us a single female of this species.

* By mistake, anted, i. p. 351, the figures of A. onophis, 2 (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 11, 12), were quoted for
A, orthesia.

RHOPALOCERA. 699

Anza electra (I. p. 352).
Anea electra, Staud, Exot. Schmett. p. 178, t. 61°.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (F. D. G.), Orizaba (Elwes); GUATEMALA,
Zapote (Champion).
PROTOGONIUS (I. p. 357).

Protogonius cecrops (I. p. 357).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Nicaraeua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

EURYGONA (I. p. 362).

1(a). Kurygona cheles. (Tab. CX. figg. 1, 2, @ .)
Eurygona cheles, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 356 ( 2) (1889)’.

9. £. aurantiace similis, sed anticis area circa ramum medianum primum et cellula fusco lavatis, posticarum
margine externo rotundato (haud angulato): subtus pallidioribus, linea transversa communi in anticis fere
recta, in posticis magis sinuata.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger +).

The single female from which our original description was taken still remains the

only specimen known to us of this species.

_ Kurygona argentea (I. p. 365).
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

3 (a). EKurygona corduena.
Eurygona corduena, Hew. Boliv. Butt. p. 13‘; Ex. Butt., Erycinide, ff. 4, 5,6 (3 2)’.

Alis fusco-nigris, anticis ad basin, posticis ad angulum analem lete nitide cyaneis, his ciliis ad medium marginis
externi hic illuc albis: subtus argenteo-albis; anticis margine externo et fasciis tribus transversis ad
costam divergentibus fuscis, una per cellulam, duabus discalibus, fasciis his in posticis continuatis,
curvatis, margini externo plus minusve parallelis, in margine interno terminatis, duabus externis plaga
magna rufo-aurantia interruptis, ocello nigro inter venam medianam et ramo suo secundo ornata.

Hab. Payama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Trétsch).—Prrv ; Bourvia ! ®,

We are unable to separate a male Hurygona submitted to us by Dr. Staudinger from
E. corduena, described by Hewitson from specimens obtained by Buckley in Bolivia.
This species is evidently allied to EL. argentea.

Eurygona eubule (I. p. 366).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Mr. Smith has sent us specimens of both sexes of this species from Atoyac. The
two females agree with the one figured by us.

EKurygona sergia (I. p. 367).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

700. SUPPLEMENT.

Eurygona hieronymi (I. p. 368).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

We now have five males of this species from Mexico.

Eurygona inconspicua (I. p. 368).

¢. Alis rufo-brunneis, costa et margine externo anticarum late obscurioribus: subtus sicut in femina.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

We are enabled to describe the male of this species from two specimens taken at
Atoyac and one from Chiriqui captured by Trétsch. The Panama example has the
bands on the underside of the wings broader than in the Mexican insects.

Eurygona pusilla (I. p. 369).
g. Alis fusco nigris, anticis plaga clavata infra cellulam, posticis margine interno late (plica excepta),
aurantiis: subtus sicut in femina.

To the localities given, add :—Mzxico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

We omitted to describe the male of this species in the earlier part of this work, not
having specimens of that sex before us.

Eurygona cataleuca (I. p. 370).
To the localities given, add :—Mzexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

EURYBIA (I. p. 374).

Eurybia patrona (I. p. 375).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Eurybia lycisca (I. p. 377).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Honpuras, San Pedro
Sula (Wittkugel).

Eurybia halimede (1. p. 378). |
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rio Papagaio in Guerrero (H. H. Smith);
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

MESOSEMIA (I. p. 378).

Mesosemia methion (I. p. 380). |
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acaguizotla in Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

We now have a long series of this species, including both sexes, from Mexico.

RHOPALOCERA. 701

Mesosemia nivalis (I. p. 386).
To the localities given, add:—Mextco, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

CREMNA (I. p. 387).

Cremna umbra (I. p. 389).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Jalapa (Schaus), Teapa (H. H. Smith).

DIORHINA (I. p. 390).

Diorhina butes (I. p. 391).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cuesta
de Misantla (Zrujillo), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

ERYCINA (I. p. 392).

Erycina jurgensensi (I. p. 393).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cordova (coll. Schaus).

LEPRICORNIS (I. p. 405).

Lepricornis melanchroia (I. p. 405).
To the locality given, add :—Muxico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

We have now nine examples of this species, including both sexes, from Atoyac.

1(a). Lepricornis unicolor.
Esthemopsis (?) unicolor, Godm. & Salv. antea, i. p. 487, t. 47. f. 6°.

Having a series of LZ. melanchroia, Feld., before us, we find that the insect we
doubtfully referred to the genus Hsthemopsis (antea, i. p. 487) belongs properly to
Lepricornis, and is indeed a close ally of Felder’s species. The type of £. unicolor
proves to be a male, not a female as we had supposed.

LIMNAS (I. p. 408).

Limnas pixe (I. p. 409).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon, La Venta and Rio Papagaio in
Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Omealca, Cuesta de Misantla and San Lorenzo
(Trujillo), Jalapa (coll. Schaus); Honpvras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

1(a). Limnas gyneceas. (Jab. CX. fig. 3, 2.)
Lymnas gyneceas, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) il. p. 356 (1889) '.

©. Alis nigris; anticis apice flavidis, macula ad basin coccinea; posticis, preter maculam basalem coccineam,
immaculatis: subtus ut supra, abdomine maculis quatuor coccineis utrinque notato.

Hab. Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (7. Trujillo ').
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1901. Ax

702 SUPPLEMENT.

We have a single female of this insect, which may prove to be only an extreme form
of L. pixe with the scarlet marginal spots of the secondaries absent. We have since
received specimens of L. pixe from the same locality.

Limnas cephise (I. p. 411). | |
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, La Venta and Tierra Colorada in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus) ; Guatemaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Limnas acroleuca (I. p. 412).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Milpas in Durango, Ventanas (Forrer), Venta
de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Jalisco (Schumann).

SYMMACHIA (I. p. 415).
Symmachia emesia (I. p. 416).
To the locality given, add :—Mexico, Mazatlan (ex H. Edwards).

Symmachia yucatanensis (I. p. 416).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),
Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

We now question whether this is a valid species, as a specimen of S. emesia has been
sent us from Mexico.

Symmachia accusatrix (I. p. 416).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (Trwjitio).

Specimens of both sexes of this species have now been sent us from Eastern Mexico ;
we had not hitherto seen females from Central America.

Symmachia championi (I. p. 417).
To the locality given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Symmachia rubina (I. p. 419).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

MESENE (I. p. 420).

Mesene croceella (I. p. 423).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Mesene margaretta (I. p. 423). |
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla
(Trujillo), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

RHOPALOCERA. 703

CHARIS (I. p. 427).

Charis zama (I. p. 428).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Charis velutina (I. p. 428).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Omealca,
San Lorenzo (Trujillo), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Sent us in abundance from South-east Mexico. The Teapa females differ from those
from Atoyac in having a common dark discal angulated band crossing the wings.

Charis laverna (I. p. 430).
To the localities given, add:—MeExico, Durango city (Becker), Chilpancingo, Rio
- Papagaio, Venta de Zopilote (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Charis holosticta (I. p. 431).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

Charis sulphurea (I. p. 432). (Tab. CX. fig. 4, 2.)
To the locality given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

CALYDNA (I. p. 433).

Calydna venusta (I. p. 433).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Calydna hegias (I. p. 434).
To the localities given, add:— Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Chilpancingo
(Hf. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

SAROTA (I. p. 434).

Sarota chrysus (I. p. 435).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll.
Schaus).

Sarota myrtea (I. p. 437).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cordova (Elwes), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

ANTEROS (I. p. 487).

Anteros carausius (I. p. 440).
To the localities given, add :—-Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann), Rincon in Guerrero,
Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus); Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).
4x2

704 SUPPLEMENT.

EMESIS (I. p. 441).

Emesis mandana (I. p. 443).
To the localities given, add :—-Mexico, Tierra Colorada, Rincon, Venta de Zopilote,
Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo), Jalapa (coll. Schaus) ;
GuaTEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Emesis tenedia (I. p. 443).
Emesis lupina, Godm. & Salv. antea, i. p. 444, t. xlii. ff. 18-15.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), La Venta, Dos Arroyos,
Acapulco, Acaguizotla, Amula, Xucumanatlan, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Misantla,
Jalapa, Vera Cruz (Ff. D. G.), Orizaba (Elwes); Guarmemaua, Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

With our large amount of additional material E. lwpina proves to be nothing more
than a pale form of EF. tenedia.

4 (A). Emesis brimo. (Tab. CX. figg. 5, 6, ¢.)
Emesis brimo, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ii. p. 857 (¢) (1889) *.

Alis brunneis, area discali vix sericeo nitente et lineolis nigris transversis fere ut in Z. tenedza (lupina); anticis
macula quadrata ad cellule finem, altera costali ultra eam, margine externo late maculisque variis ad
basin, testaceis, maculis submarginalibus sex nigris, ea ad angulum analem duplici; posticis testaceo
variegatis et maculis submarginalibus nigris notatis: subtus testaceis, maculis et lineolis nigris undique
notatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrotsch, in mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has lent us a single male of this species which belongs to the same
group as LE. tenedia, but the markings are all much more clearly defined.

Emesis vulpina (I. p. 444).
To the locality given, add:—Muxico, La Venta and Rio Papagaio in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith), Jalisco (Schumann), San Blas, Tehuantepec (Richardson).

Our additional material includes both sexes, which are very much alike.

5(a). Emesis poas, sp.n. (Tab. CX. figg. 7, 8,3; 9,10, 2.)
Alis rufo-brunneis, lineolis nigris valde irregularibus transfasciatis, introrsum plumbeo limbatis, punctis nigris
in serie submarginali: subtus lete ferrugineis, maculis variis elongatis nigris ; ciliis fuscis, albo maculatis.
© mari similis, sed alis multo pallidioribus. |

Hab. Mexico, La Venta, Chilpancingo, and Acapulco in Guerrero (/7. H. Smith).

Described from two males and three females from Western Mexico. Allied to
E. vulpina of the same region, but distinguishable by its darker coloration and the
white-spotted fringe to the wings.

RHOPALOCERA, 705

Emesis tegula (I. p. 444). |
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero, Atoyac (H. H. Smith),
Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Coatepec (Brooks); Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Emesis zela (1. p. 444).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Omilteme, Xucumanatlan (H. H. Smith),
Pinal, Puebla (Elwes), Amecameca (F. D. G.).

Emesis cypria (I. p. 445).
To the localities given, add:—MeExico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

LE. paphia will probably prove to be inseparable from EF. cypria, as we have received
a male of the latter from the precise locality whence the type of the first-mentioned
insect was obtained.

13 (a). Emesis fastidiosa.
Eumesis fastidiosa, Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr. Lep. i. p. 90, t. 3. f. 5°.

Q. E. aurimne similis, sed anticis ad apices distincte falcatis.

Hab. Hoypuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).—Boutvia; Braziu!.

We have a female of an Emesis from the above locality agreeing exactly with others
of the same sex of E. fastidiosa from Bolivia and Brazil, and, in the absence of the
male, we are compelled to refer it to that species. It is possible, however, that it may
prove to belong to “. saturata, described by us from a single male from Mexico.

Emesis liodes (I. p. 447).
To the locality given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (Schumann), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), San
Lorenzo near Cordova (Trujillo), Frontera in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

CARIA (I. p. 447).

Caria ino (I. p. 449). .
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

3 (a). Caria melicerta.
Caria melicerta, Schaus, Ent. Amer. vi. p. 18 (¢ ¢) (1890) *.

Precedenti similis, sed anticis ad cellule finem squamis viridibus nitentibus ornatis.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan! (Mus. Brit., ex Schaus), Atoyac (Schumann).

This species, of which we have a single male specimen from Atoyac, appears to be
an eastern form of C. ino, the latter being confined to the Pacific slope.

706 SUPPLEMENT.

Caria rhacotis (I. p. 449).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

BAOTIS (I. p. 452).

Bezotis zonata (I. p. 453).
To the lecalities given, add:—Mexico, Rincon, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Jalapa
(coll. Schaus).

2. Beotis nesza. (Tab. CX. tigg. 11, 12, ¢.)
Baotis nesea, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 356 (3) (1889)'.

Alis pallide flavis, anticis dimidio distali, costa et linea obliqua ad basin, nigricantibus, limbo marginali maculis
duabus flavis, una subapicali, secunda ad angulum analem, macula rubra ad coste medium; posticis margine
externo late nigricante (linea flava et altera exteriore plumbea includente) cum linea basali margini interno
subparalleli conjuncta: subtus ut supra, sed maculis et lineis submarginalibus majoribus, lineis basalibus
subobsoletis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, in mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has submitted to us the single male specimen here figured and
described. It has no near allies known to us, but somewhat resembles B. felix, Hew.
The red spot, however, on the costa of the primaries is quite characteristic.

METACHARIS (I. p. 453).

2. Metacharis (?) melucina.
Metacharis (?) melucina, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 256, t. 91 (erythomelas 3, nec ¢ ).

Alis nigris, anticis plaga magna infra venam medianam, ultra cellulam et ad marginem internum extendente,
cum maculis duabus in cellula confluentibus, aurantiis; posticis margine costali albo, litura a basi
(extrorsum latiore) haud ad marginem externum extendente aurantia, anticis et posticis linea angusta
nitente plumbea submarginali: subtus anticis fuscis, area infra venam medianam pallide ochracea, costa
et maculis duabus (una costali ultra cellulum, secunda majore exteriore) maculisque quibusdam angulum
analem versus, albis ; posticis albis, nigro maculatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui! (Ribbe, ea Staudinger).—CotompBia, San Pablo, Rio
San Juan !.

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a male of this species from Chiriqui, and two others of
the same sex from the Rio San Juan, under the above name, an example from the
latter locality having been figured by him as I. erythromelas (Sepp). It is a close ally
of that insect, which inhabits the Amazon Valley, but differs in having the orange
patch on both wings more extended. ‘The Chiriqui specimen, from which the above
description is taken, differs again from the southern insects in having two orange spots
in the cell confluent with the discal patch. These species have been placed by
Dr. Staudinger doubtfully in Metacharis, from which they will probably have to be
removed, ‘Ihe two insects have very much the facies of Lemonias emylius (Cram.).

RHOPALOCERA. 707

LASAIA (L p. 454).

Lasaia meris (I. p. 455).
Lasaia meris, var. sula, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 257, t. 91+.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon, Tierra Colorada, Rio Papagaio and
Chilpancingo in Guerrero, Atoyac, Teapa(H. H. Smith), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Coatepec
(Brooks) ; GuateMaLa, Panzos (Conradt), Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Honpuras, San Pedro Sula‘ (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

We received from Dr. Staudinger two specimens of his var. swla, and we have many
others like them from various localities.

2. Lasaia sessilis.
Lasaia sessilis, Schaus, Ent. Amer. vi. p. 19 (¢) (1890) °.

L. meri similis, sed alis obscurioribus, subtus quoque minus variegatis.
? ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec! (Mus. Brit., ex Schaus), Jalapa (AZ. Trujillo).

We are inclined to regard this insect as nothing more than a dark form of L. meris,
with which we had placed it. The specimen recorded from the Rio Chisoy, Guatemala
(anted, i. p. 455), belongs here. The typical form of Z. meris also occurs at Coatepee
and Jalapa.

THAROPS (I. p. 456).
4. Tharops trotschi, sp. n. (Tab. CX. figg. 13, 14, 2.)

@. Alis rufo-brunneis, maculis nigris transfasciatis, maculis parvis in costa ultra cellulam albis, infra eas
ceruleo-griseo notatis, punctis in serie submarginali nigris ceruleo-griseo circumcinctis; posticis ad
angulum analem late albis sparsim nigro punctatis, ultra cellulam ceruleo-griseo notatis: subtus maculis
ut supra, anticis pallide fuscis albo notatis; posticis albis apicem versus fuscis, ad apicem ipsum et ad
angulum analem maculis nigris majoribus muuitis.

¢ nobis ignotus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, ex Staudinger).—Cotomsia, San Pablo, Rio San

Juan.

Dr. Staudinger has provided us with four specimens of this species, all females;
three of them are from Rio San Juan and one from Chiriqui, the latter being labelled
Echenais trotschi, of which we cannot find any published description. It is a close ally
of T. (Lemonias) felsina, Hew., from Brazil, of which, too, the female alone is known,
and the true generic position of both insects therefore is somewhat doubtful.

708 SUPPLEMENT.

LEMONIAS (LI. p. 457).

Lemonias lilina (I. p. 459).
To the localities given, add :—-Mexico, Atoyac (Schumann), Jalapa (coll. Schaus).
We are now able to confirm the Mexican habitat of L. lilina, about which we
expressed some doubts when previously dealing with this species.

2 (a). Lemonias idmon. (Tab. CX. figg. 15, 16, ¢; 17, 18, 2.)
Lemonias idmon, Godm. & Salv. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 357 (g 2) (1889) ’.

Alis ferrugineis ad basin paullo fuscescentioribus et nigro maculatis: subtus canescentibus ad margines
externos et anticis ad costam magis fuscis; maculis nigris sicut in pagina superiore, sed maculis singulis
albo cinctis; maculis submarginalibus quoque nigris albo cinctis, eis vene mediane posticarum utrinque

obsoletis.
§ mari similis, sed alis fuscescentibus ferrugineo vix tinctis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Zrotsch, in mus. Staudinger 1).

From Dr. Staudinger we have a male and female of this species, which is allied to
L. galena, Bates, but the wings of the male are less ferruginous above, and beneath
there is no submarginal rufous band to the secondaries; the submarginal spots also
on these wings are more irregular, those on either side of the median vein being

obsolete.

8 (a). Lemonias eudocia. (Tab. CX. figg. 19, 20.)
Lemonias eudocia, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 2441.

Alis saturate fuscis undique nigro maculatis, maculis singulis saturate ochraceo indistincte limbatis, ciliis
fuscis irregulariter albo interruptis : subtus omnino pallidioribus, maculis omnibus nigris albo cinctis.

Hab. Mexico, Colima (mus. Staudinger ').

A small insect belonging to the section represented in Central America by L. glauca
and, Ll. densemaculata. From the former it differs in having the wings dark fuscous
(instead of bluish grey), and from the latter in the more obscure coloration, the black
spots being less apparent. The single specimen sent us by Dr. Staudinger is probably,
Judging from the shape of the wings, a female.

Lemonias pelarge (I. p. 461).
2. L, parthaonti, Dalm. (ancile, Hew.), similis, sed anticis plaga aurantia ad angulum analem magna; posticis
colore ochraceo magis extenso.

To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Mr. Smith has sent us a female of this species from Eastern Mexico. It is very like
the same sex of L. parthaon (figured by Hewitson under the name of L. ancile), but
differs as noted above.

RHOPALOCERA. 709

Lemonias zeurippa (I. p. 462). (Tab. OX. figg. 21, 22, 2.)

9. L. lasthenes femine similis, sed alis obscurioribus, anticis fascia obliqua angustiore et saturatiore: subtus
posticis ad apicem maculis nigris minus obviis.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (Schaus).

Lemonias sudias (I. p. 463).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

The insect figured under this name by Staudinger (Exot. Schmett. t. 92) belongs to:
a different species.

Lemonias irenea (I. p. 463).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

APODEMIA (I. p. 466).
Apodemia hypoglauca (I. p. 468).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (Smith, Schumann), Jalapa (Schaus).
We now have two males and one female of this species from Eastern Mexico. The

male is very like the female previously described, and differs from the same sex of
A. walkeri in having the wings darker and less distinctly spotted on the upper surface.

Apodemia palmeri (I. p. 468).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango (Becker), Aguas Calientes (Ff. D. G.).

Apodemia walkeri (I. p. 468).

To the locality given, add :—Muxico, Chilpancingo, Venta de Zopilote, and Savana
Grande in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cuernavaca (F. D. G.).

This species was described from a single male specimen; we have since obtained
four others agreeing with it, one of them being a female. It is a western form of
A. hypoglauca.

NYMPHIDIUM (I. p. 470).
Nymphidium mycone (I. p. 470).
To the localities given, add:—MeExico, Rio Papagaio, Tierra Colorada, La Venta
(H. H. Smith); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Aichardson).—CoLoMBIA.

Nymphidium labdacus (I. p. 471).
To the locality given, add:—Mexico, Jalapa (coll. Schaus).

We have seen a pair of this species in Mr. Schaus’s collection, the male being
previously unknown to us.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1901. 4y

710 SUPPLEMENT.

Nymphidium molpe (I. p. 473).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), San Lorenzo
(Trujillo) ; Hoxpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Nymphidium onzum (I. p. 474).
We have a mutilated female specimen of a Nymphidium from Ruatan Island, which
comes very near this species, if it is not identical with it.

Nymphidium sicyon (I. p. 475). |
To the locality given, add :—GuatemaLa, San Gerdnimo (Champion).

Since the publication of the earlier part of this work we have detected a female of
this species in our collection.

Nymphidium lycorias (I. p. 477).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Dos Arroyos, Tierra Colorada, and La Venta
in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Coatepec (Brooks), Jalapa (coll. Schaus), Omealca
(Trujillo); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Aichardson). |

PANDEMOS (I. p. 478).

3. Pandemos palaste.
Pandemos paleste, Hew. Ex. Butt., Erycinide, t. 1. ff. 7, 8°.

Alis fuscis, anticis plaga rufa in margine interno ad angulum analem ; posticis bitriente terminali griseo venis
intersecto, costa omnino fusca, margine interno rufescente : subtus pallide fuscis, fascia communi indistincta
fusca ultra cellulas notatis, posticis ad marginem externum punctis obscuris ; palpis et corpore subtus
sordide albis.

Hab. Costa Rica (mus. Staudinger).—CotomBia !.

The above diagnosis has been taken from a single specimen, apparently a female,
lent us by Dr. Staudinger. This we identify with Hewitson’s Pandemos paleste, which
was described and figured from a male in E, Birchall’s collection. The Costa-Rican
insect, however, has a red spot near the anal angle of the primaries, and a rufous inner
border and a wider grey end to the secondaries. These differences, in the absence of
more examples for comparison, we take to be sexual.

THEOPE (I. p. 480).

Theope hypoxanthe (I. p. 482).
Theope isia, antea, 1. p. 482.

The type of 7’ zsia, from Guatemala, proves to be a worn specimen of T. hypoxanthe,
Bates, which latter is scarcely separable from 7. pedias, H.-S. Mr. Smith has sent us
a male of this insect in good condition from Atoyac in Mexico, whence we have already
recorded T. isia. .

RHOPALOCERA. 711

Theope virgilius (I. p. 484).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (F. D. G.); Guatemata, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson).

10 (a). Theope eupolis. .
Theope eupolis, Schaus, Ent. Amer. vi. p. 19 (3 2) (1890) *.

T’. virgilio similis, sed anticis colore ceruleo minus eatenso, posticis dimidio apicali marginis externi late nigro.
© nobis ignota.

Hab. Mexico, Paso de San Juan in Vera Cruz! (Mus. Brit. ex Schaus: ¢ ).

10(s). Theope talna. (Tab. OX. figg. 23, 24, 2.)
Theope taina, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 245 *.

©, Alis nigris ad basin cewruleis, anticis macula subapicali tripartita quoque cerulea: subtus pallide
cinnamomeis, posticis maculis duabus submarginalibus nigris ceruleo introrsum limbatis, ad angulum
analem maculis aliis evanescentibus juxta eas una utrinque cerulea; fronte inter oculos et corpore
subtus cinnamomeis.

Hab. Honpouras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer *).

A female specimen of a Theope captured by Dr. Gaumer on Ruatan Island differs
from all others in our collection in having a very restricted amount of blue at the base
of the wings, the black coloration very greatly predominating. ‘The underside is of a
uniform cinnamon colour, with a few spots near the margin of the anal angle.
T. talna is allied to T. virgilius, but is much darker, both above and below, and has

more rounded wings.

10(c). Theope diores. (Tab. CX. figg. 25, 26, ¢; 27, 28, 2.)
Theope diores, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 246°.

Alis fusco-nigris ; anticis ad basin ceruleis, costa omnino fusca; posticis ceruleis, costa late, angulo apicali
usque ad maculam magnam apud medium marginis externi, nigro-fuscis, margine interno albido: subtus
rufescenti-griseis, posticis fascia margini externo paralleli brunnescente, punctis quibusdam nigris,
margini propiore introrsum pallide ceruleo limbatis; corpore supra ceruleo, subtus alis concoloribus.

2 mari similis, sed anticis colore ceruleo angulum aualem versus magis extenso; posticis apice late fuscis,
maculis quatuor nigris in serie submarginali prope angulum analem notatis: subtus posticis maculis

quatuor submarginalibus majoribus.

Hab. Mexico, Colima (mus. Staudinger 1), Jalapa (Edwards), Acaguizotla, Tierra
Colorada (H. H. Smith). |

We have seen three males and one female of this species, one of the males having
been lent us by Dr. Staudinger. The most nearly allied species is probably the common
T. virgilius, from which it may at once be recognized by the large dark spot which
interrupts the blue coloration of the hind wings near the middle of the outer margin
in the male. Mr. Smith’s specimens from Western Mexico, from which our figures

are taken, were overlooked by us when we first described the insect.
4y 2

712 SUPPLEMENT.

12(a). Theope eleutho. (Tab. CX. figg. 29, 30, 2 .)
Theope eleutho, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 247".

Q. Alis fusco-nigris ; anticis ad basin viridescenti-ceruleis, costa omnino nigricante, maculis tribus subapicalibus
in linea obliqua viridescenti-ceruleis ; posticis area interna et area discali quoque viridescenti-ceruleis,
hac venis nigris intersecta, costa late nigricante, margine interno albicante: subtus glauco-fuscescentibus,
linea communi ab angulo anticarum apicali ad medium marginis interni posticarum saturate fusca, anticis
ad basin rufescentibus, maculis duabus in cellula albis, posticis maculis parvis septem submarginalibus
nigris, alia alba ad cellule basin; corpore supra ceruleo, subtus alis concoloribus.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, in mus. Staudinger 1).

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a female of this species, which differs from all others of
the genus in our collection. It belongs to the section having a common line on the
underside running from the apical angle of the primaries to the middle of the inner
border of the secondaries. The apical angle of the primaries is acute and salient,
owing to the outer margin being concave towards the point; the anal angle, too, of the

secondaries is acute.

12(s). Theope mania. (Tab. CX. figg. 31, 82, 2.)
Theope mania, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 247°.

®. T. eleuthonti similis, sed alis cwrulescentioribus, anticarum apice minus acuto; posticis (preter costam
nigram) omnino ceruleis, angulo anali minus producto: subtus pallidioribus, anticis ad basin vix
rufescentibus, posticis maculis submarginalibus evanescentibus. ;

Hab. Mexico, San Blas (fichardson ').

This is a species having a dark line across the under surface of both wings. We
have only received a single female, taken by Mr. Richardson in Western Mexico.

12 (c). Theope bacenis.
Theope bacenis, Schaus, Ent. Amer. vi. p. 19 (¢) (1890) '*.

Alis anticis nigris, margine interno ad basin late ceruleo; posticis ceruleis, margine costali nigro: subtus
brunneis, fascia communi ab angulo anticarum apicali ad medium marginis analis posticarum saturate
fusca, anticis ad basin flavescentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Coatepec! (coll. Schaus).

15. Theope matuta, (Tab. CX. figg. 33, 34, ¢.)

Theope matuta, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 246°.

Q. Alis nigris, anticis ad basin (costa nigra excepta) nitide cwruleis, venis divisis; posticis area interna usque
ad basin nitide cerulea, costa late, margine externo angustiore, nigris : subtus fuscis, anticis costa ad basin
rufa, maculis elongatis discalibus albidis transfasciatis, fascia maculosa submarginali coloris ejusdem ;
posticis maculis sagittiformibus ; fronte inter oculos nigra, utrinque albido marginata; palpis nigris antice
albidis ; corpore fusco, abdomine linea mediana alba.

Hab. Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley 1200 feet (Zurcher?).
Allied to 7. thebais of the Amazon Valley, but with the blue on the upperside of

RHOPALOCERA. 713

the wings much brighter. Beneath, the wings are darker and the pale markings more
definite, and the rufous base of the costa of the primaries is more extended. We have
seen only a single female of this distinct species.

ISAPIS (I. p. 485).

Isapis hera (I. p. 486).
To the locality given, add :—GuatemaLa, Panzos (Conradt).

EUMZUS (IL. p. 5).

Eumeus minyas (II. p. 6).
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, La Venta, Rincon, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H.
Smith); Guatemaua, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel); Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Eumzus debora (II. p. 7).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas (Richardson),
Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Ovizaba (Elwes).

THECLA (II. p. 8).

Thecla regalis (II. p. 12).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (Zrujillo), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith); Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Thecla cypria (II. p. 13).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Thecla damo (II. p. 15).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tierra Colorada, Acapulco, Rincon, La Venta,
Teapa (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (Schumann), Cuesta de Misantla (Zrujillo) ; Honpuras,
San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson); Costa Rica, Santa
Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Thecla augustula (II. p. 16). :
_ To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujello).

We now have a pair of this insect from Mexico.
Thecla nepia (II. p. 16).

To the localities given, add:—MeExico, Acaguizotla, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, ex Staudinger).

714 SUPPLEMENT.

Thecla hemon (II. p. 17).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Thecla halesus (II. p. 18).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Venta de Zopilote (H. H. Smith), Cuernavaca
(Ff. D. G.).

16(a). Thecla gaumeri, sp. n. (Tab. CXI. figg. 1, 2, ¢.)
Thecla halesus, antea, ii. p. 18 (partim).

T, haleso similis, sed minor, colore ceruleo obscuriore et magis restricto, stigmate simplici: subtus anticis
striga cerulea magis extensa ; posticis nigris (nec fuliginosis), maculis ad angulum analem viridibus.

9. A femina 7. halesi alis fuscis concoloribus (maculis viridibus ad angulum analem posticarum exceptis)
differt.

Hab. Mexico, Valladolid and Temax in Yucatan (Gaumer).

We have seven males and one female of this species, the latter having been
previously included by us under 7. halesus. The simple brand on the primaries
of the male and the other characters mentioned above separate 7. gawmeri at once
from its northern ally.

Thecla polybe (II. p. 19).

To the localities given, add :— Mexico, Temax in Yucatan (Gaumer).

Thecla carpophora (II. p. 20).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Rincon (H. H. Smith),

Cuesta de Misantla (7rwjillo), Temax in Yucatan (Gaumer).

The additional specimens (¢ 2 ) we have received from Mexico since the publication
of the preceding pages throw considerable doubt on the distinctness of this species
from T. inachus.

Thecla carpasia (II. p. 21).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (Zrujillo), Temax in
Yucatan (Gaumer).

Sent in some numbers by Dr. Gaumer from Yucatan.

Thecla aufidena (II. p. 22).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann), Acaguizotla, Rincon,
Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Vera Cruz, Tabi in Yucatan (F. D. G.), Cuesta de
Misantla (Trujillo); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel), Ruatan I. (Gaumer);
Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

RHOPALOCERA. 715

Thecla erybathis (II. p. 26). (Tab. CXI. figg. 3, 4, 2.)
To the localities given, add:—Merxico, Xucumanatlan and Amula in Guerrero

(H. H. Smith).

We have now both sexes of this species from Mexico: the female has the blue on
the upperside much paler than in the male, and the white bands on the under surface
showing through, those on the primaries beneath extending nearly to the inner
margin. .

Thecla busa (II. p. 26).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Cuesta de Misantla (Zrujillo).

Thecla furina (II. p. 28).
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Amecameca (Ff. D. G.), Ixtaccihuatl
( Richardson).

Since we described this species we have obtained three more Mexican specimens; all
of these are considerably paler beneath than the single male from Guatemala.

Thecla parthenia (II. p. 29).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Lichardson).

We have a single worn male Thecla which we place here with some reserve, as it
differs from 7. parthenia in having the dark lines on the underside narrower, and the
blotches on the basal half of the secondaries almost obsolete.

Thecla barajo (II. p. 30).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Hf. H. Smith).

Mr. Smith has sent us five specimens of this species from Eastern Mexico.

Thecla sito (II. p. 31).
Thecla phenna, Godm. & Salv. antea, il. p. 31.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), La Venta and Dos.
Arroyos in Guerrero, Atoyac, Frontera, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Vera Cruz (f. D. G.,
H. H. Smith); Guarema.a, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Honpuras, Ruatan I.
(Gawmer); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (ichardson). |

The very large number of additional specimens received since the publication of the
preceding pages convinces us that Z. phanna cannot be separated from 1. sito; we
have therefore here united them.

716 SUPPLEMENT,

Thecla togarna (II. p. 32).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ; Nicaraava,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Thecla herodotus (II. p. 33).
To the localities given, add :—Mextco, Acapulco, Rincon, Tierra Colorada, Savana
Grande, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Jalisco (Schumann), Cuesta de Misantla
(Trujillo) ; Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Thecla fusius (IT. p. 34).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo).

Thecla pastor (II. p. 34).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Xucumanatlan (H. H. Smith), Orizaba
(Elwes), Cuesta de Misantla ( Trujillo).

Thecla jada (II. p. 35). |
To the localities given, add:—MeExico, Sierra Madre de Tepic, Lake Chapala
(Richardson), Jalisco (Schumann), Tepetlapa, Amula, Venta de Zopilote, Chilpancingo
(H. H. Smith), Orizaba (Ff. D. G. & H. J. Elwes).

Thecla janias (II. p. 35).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla talayra (II. p. 36).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla palegon (II. p. 37).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Venta de Zopilote, Rincon, Cuernavaca,

Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Vera Cruz (F. D. G.).

Thecla meton (II. p. 37). |
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon, Tierra Colorada, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla m-album (II. p. 40).
To the localities given, add :—Mzexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Sent us in numbers from Western Mexico.

Thecla polibetes (II. p. 41).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Cuesta de Misantla
(Trujillo), Coatepec (Brooks), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

RHOPALOCERA. 717

Thecla ortygnus (II. p. 41).
To the localities given, add :—GuATEMALA, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Thecla jebus (II. p. 42).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acaguizotla in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Thecla brescia (II. p. 43).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Bolafios in Jalisco (Richardson), Tierra
Colorada, Rincon, Venta de Zopilote, Dos Arroyos, Atoyac (H. H. Smith) ; Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Thecla ligurina (II. p. 44).
To the localities given, add :—GvatemaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Thecla lyde (II. p. 44).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla temesa (II. p. 45).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

This insect now proves to extend as far north as South-east Mexico, whence
‘Mr. Smith has sent us a single male example.

Thecla mycon (II. p. 46).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon, Atoyac (7. H. Smith).

Thecla phobe (II. p. 47).
To the localities given, add :—Mextico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla xami (II. p. 48).

9. Alis fulvis, marginibus externis et costa anticarum nigro-fuscis: subtus sicut in mari.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith).

84 (a). Thecla spinetorum. (Tab. CXI. figg. 5, 6, 3.)

Thecla spinetorum, Hew. Ill. Diurn. Lep. p. 94, t. 45. ff. 198, 199°; Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.
xll. p. 427,

Thecla ninus, Edw. Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. iii. p. 270°.

Alis et corpore supra fuscis, schistaceo-ceruleo lavatis: subtus rufo-ferrugineis, linea communi transversa,
introrsum nigro limbata et in posticis marginem internum versus valde angulata, alba; posticis serie
duplici macularum nigrarum ad marginem externum, exteriore maculis duabus ad angulum analem

proximis magis distinctis et albo notatis.
Hab. Norru America, Colorado ®, California!?—Mexico, Bolajios in Jalisco
(Richardson).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1901. 44

718 _ SUPPLEMENT.

This species must be added to the Central-American list, as we possess a worn
specimen of it from Mexico, which agrees with an example from California in our
collection. We are indebted to Dr. Holland for its identification, and he has been
kind enough to compare a drawing of our Californian insect, which we figure, with
Edwards’s type of 7. ninus from Colorado.

Thecla ocrisia (II. p. 49).

To the localities given, add :—Muexico, Tampico, Lake Chapala (/ichardson), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith) ; Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Thecla keila (II. p. 50).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acaguizotla in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Thecla tephreeus (II. p. 51).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acaguizotla, Venta de Zopilote, Dos Arroyos,
Rincon, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla volupia (II. p. 53).

. Alis murinis vix ceruleo basin versus suffusis: subtus sicut in mari.
To the localities given, add :—Guatemata, Polochic Valley (F. D. G., O. 8.).

Since the publication of the preceding pages we have detected the female of this
Species in our collection.

Thecla syncellus (II. p. 54).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acapulco, Rio Papagaio, Rincon, Dos Arroyos,
Tierra Colorada, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria

(Richardson); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa
(Richardson) ; Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Thecla ochus (II. p. 55).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla (Trujillo); Panama,
Chiriqui (Trétsch, ex Staudinger).

Thecla pion (II. p. 56).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Orizaba (Elwes).

Thecla orasus (II. p. 59).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Jalapa (F. D. G.).

Thecla quaderna (II. p. 60).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Puebla 7000 feet (Elwes).

RHOPALOCERA. 719

_ The single specimen, a female, from this locality differs from Hewitson’s figure in
having the submarginal row of red spots on the underside of the secondaries almost
obsolete. The example from Guatemala, also a female, previously referred to this
species, has the blue coloration more brilliant and less extended on both wings.

Thecla empusa (II. p. 61).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla cydrara (II. p. 62).
To the localities given, add :—-Mxxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla echion (II. p. 63).
To the localities given, add :—Mextco, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Mazatlan
(Mathew), Acapuleo, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaymer) ;
Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

The three males from Ruatan Island have the orange spots on the underside of the
secondaries very large, the outer spots in one individual forming a continuous band.

Thecla crolinus (II. p. 63).
_ To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla orcynia (II. p. 64).
To the localities given, add :—Muexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla bassania (II. p. 66).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Orizaba (Elwes, F. D. G.).

Found not uncommonly by Mr. Elwes and myself at Jalapa during our visit to that
place in 1888.

Thecla orcidia (II. p. 67).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla hesperitis (II. p. 72).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla nitetis (II. p. 74).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon (H. H. Smith).

Thecla beon (II. p. 74).
To the localities given, add :—Muexico, Acapulco, Dos Arroyos, Rincon, Venta de
Zopilote, La Venta, Tierra Colorada, Atoyac, Fortin, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Sierra
| | 47,2

720 SUPPLEMENT.

Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Orizaba (Elwes, F. D. G.); Guatemata, Volcan de
Santa Maria (fchardson); Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaragua, Matagalpa
(Richardson).

Thecla autoclea (II. p. 76).
To the localities given, add :—Mzexico, Rincon, Acaguizotla, Tierra Colorada, Atoyac

(H. H. Smith), Orizaba (fF. D. G.), Temax in Yucatan (Gaumer).

Thecla sethon (II. p. 77).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Xucumanatlan, Chilpancingo, Amula,
Atoyac (Hl. H. Smith).

Thecla clarina (II. p. 79).
_ To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Mr. Smith has sent us examples of both sexes of this species from Western Mexico.

Thecla demonassa (II. p. 80).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Acapulco, Rincon, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla simethis (II. p. 81).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Venta de Zopilote, Rincon, Atoyac (Hl. H.
Smith), Cuernavaca, Orizaba (/. D. G.).

Thecla telea (II. p. 82).
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Rincon, Acapulco (H. H. Smith).

Thecla gabina (II. p. 82).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla trebula (II. p. 84).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Thecla lollia (II. p. 85).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Jalapa (F. D. G.).

Thecla lucagus (II. p. 86).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Orizaba (Elwes), Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla hicetas (II. p. 87).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Teapa (1. H. Smith).

Thecla pztus (II. p. 87).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Chilpancingo, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

RHOPALOCERA. 721

Thecla phrutus (II. p. 88).
_ To the localities given, add :—Muexico, Rincon, Amula, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Mr. Smith has sent us specimens of both sexes of this species from Mexico. The
female differs from the male in having the inner margin of the primaries broadly
suffused with blue towards the base.

Thecla inoa (II. p. 88).
To the locality given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

We have now received three specimens of this species from Mr. Smith.

Thecla mathewi (II. p. 90).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Dos Arroyos, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla azia (II. p. 91).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Mazatlan (Mathew), Acapulco, Rincon,
Venta de Zopilote, Atoyac (H. H. Smith), Lake Chapala (Richardson).

Thecla rufofusca (II. p. 91).
To the localities given, add:—Mxxico, Orizaba (coll. Schaus).

Thecla melinus (II. p. 92).
- To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Durango city (Becker), Temax in Yucatan
(Gaumer).

Thecla bebrycia (II. p. 93).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuernavaca (fF. D. G.), Rincon in Guerrero

(H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (coll. Schaus).

Thecla basalides (II. p. 93).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tampico (Richardson), Atoyac (H. H. Smith,

Schumann), Temax in Yucatan (Gaumer).

Thecla yojoa (II. p. 95).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tierra Colorada, Dos Arroyos, Rincon,
Chilpancingo, Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Thecla eurytulusg (II. p. 96).
To the localities given, add :—Mzxico, Rincon, Venta de Zopilote, Atoyac (H. H.
Smith); Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

722 SUPPLEMENT.

Thecla agra (II. p. 97).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Acaguizotla,
Rincon, Acapulco (7. H. Smith).

Thecla hecate (II. p. 98).
To the localities given, add :—Nicaraeua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Thecla semones (II. p. 98).
Godman captured a single specimen of this pretty little species at Jalapa in 1888.

Thecla schausi (II. p. 98).
To the locality given, add :—Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Mr. Richardson has sent a male of this curious species from Nicaragua, and we
have another example of the same sex very like it labelled as from Paraguay ; but it is
possible that this latter locality is incorrect.

Thecla sesara, sp.n. (Tab. CXI. figg. 7, 8,2.) (To follow 7. insignis, II. p.99.)

Q. Alis fusco-nigris, posticis (nisi ad apicem et ad marginem externum) vivide ceruleis, linea angustissima
submarginali prope angulum analem coloris ejusdem, ad angulum ipsum spatulatis et ferrugineo tinctis :
subtus sericeo-brunneis, anticis linea transversa ultra cellulam (extrorsum fusco limbata) et margine
externo rubescentibus; posticis squamis nonnullis ceruleis notatis, linea transversa discali valde
irregulari (extrorsum quoque fusco limbata) margineque anali rufis, margine externo obscuriore, prope
angulum analem nigro bipunctatis ; ciliis ferrugineis, posticis ad angulum analem introrsum albo lineatis,

Hab. Mexico, Las Vigas in Vera Cruz (coll. Schaus).

A single female of this distinct insect from Mexico has been kindly lent us by
Mr. Schaus, and we take the opportunity to describe and figure it here, though, in the
absence of the male, we cannot place it definitely in our arrangement.

LYCENA (II. p. 102).

Lyczna acmon (II. p. 103).

To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Puebla 7000 feet (Hlwes), Volcan de
Ixtaccihuat] (Richardson).

Lycena isola (II. p. 104).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas, San Blas,

Bolaiios (Kichardson), Puebla (Elwes), Cuernavaca, Patzcuaro, Morelia, Orizaba
(fF. D. G.), Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

Lycena gozora.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Pinal, Puebla, Orizaba (Elwes), Sierra Madre
de Tepic, Jalisco (Richardson), Acaguizotla, Omilteme, Xucumanatlan (1. H. Smith),
Patzcuaro (fF. D. G.) ; Guatemana, Solola, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

RHOPALOCERA. 723

Lyczena cassius (II. p. 105).

To the localities given, add :—Mextco, Mazatlan (Mathew), San Blas (Richardson),
Acapulco, Venta de Zopilote, Tierra Colorada, Acaguizotla, Rincon, Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith), Jalapa (fF. D. G.); Guaremata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Lyczna marina (II. p. 106).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Ciudad Victoria in
Tamaulipas, Sierra Madre de Tepic, Lake Chapala (Richardson), Acaguizotla, Atoyac
(H. H. Smith), Atlixco, Cuernavaca, Orizaba (F. D. G.).

Lycena hanno (II. p. 106).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acapulco, Dos Arroyos (H. H. Smith), San
Blas, Bolafios (Richardson) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Lycena zacheina (II. p. 107).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Acapulco (Mathew), San Blas, Sierra Madre
de Tepic, Bolafios, Jalisco, Lake Chapala (Richardson), Dos Arroyos, Rio Papagaio,
Tepetlapa, ‘Tierra Colorada, Hacienda de la Imagen, Atoyac (1. H. Smith), Cuernavaca,
Patzcuaro, Orizaba, Tabi in Yucatan (/. D. G.); Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria
(Richardson) ; Honpuras, Ruatan I, (Gaumer).

Lycena comyntas (II. p. 108).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, San Blas, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson),

Cuernavaca, Orizaba (/. D. G.), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Honpuras, Ruatan I.
(Gaumer).

Lycena tulliola (II. p. 108).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson), Orizaba

(Elwes), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith).
Lycena exilis (II. p. 109).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Morelia (£. D. G.).
PEREUTE (II. p. 113).

Pereute charops (II. p. 114).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Sierra Madre de Tepic (Richardson); Nica-

raaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

724 SUPPLEMENT.

CATASTICTA (II. p. 116).

Catasticta nimbice (II. p. 118).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango city (Becker).

We now have specimens of both sexes of this species from Durango.

ARCHONIAS (II. p. 122).

Archonias nigrescens (II. p. 124).
To the localities given, add :—Honpvuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Three males and one female of this species have been sent us from Honduras. The
female, previously unknown, has the fulvous coloration more extended on the upper-
side of both wings, closely resembling the male of A. eurytele.

HESPEROCHARIS (II. p. 125).

7. Hesperocharis jaliscana.
Hesperocharis jaliscana, Schaus, Ent. News, 1898, p. 215°.

Alis albis; anticis apice et margine externo adjacente nigro suffusis: subtus posticis flavis, macula ad basin
coccinea, macula nigra infra cellulam, aliis angulatis in serie costali et apicali fumosis.
9. Alis pallide flavis, aliter sicut in mari.

Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara (coll. Schaus').

We do not possess specimens of this insect, and our diagnosis has been taken from
Mr. Schaus’s description.

PIERIS (II. p. 128).

In addition to the species of this genus noticed below, Dr. Butler [Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. (7) ii. p. 22] has recorded two others from within our limits: P. ausia,
Boisd., from Mexico, and Pieris, sp. n.?, from Panama. The first of these does not
agree with the description of Boisduval’s insect, and the locality is certainly incorrect.
The second is perhaps a variety of P. sevata, Feld., from Colombia and Venezuela:
the four specimens of it in the British Museum are labelled as having been found at
Panama during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Herald’; but they were more probably obtained
farther south, and the same remark applies to P. marana.

Pieris protodice (II. p. 130).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Durango city (Becker), Sierra Madre de
Tepic (Richardson).

In our remarks, referred to by Dr. Butler *, under the genus Pieris (antea, p. 129),
we state that the male of P. protadice has no short third subcostal branch in the apex
of the primaries; but this is hardly correct, the apical furca being present in many of
our specimens, though it is wanting in the two we prepared for examination.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. pp. 13, 14 (1898).

RHOPALOCERA. 725

4. Pieris kicaha.
Pieris kicaha, Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 349 (1863) '; Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
ll. p. 177,
Pieris notistriga, antea, ii. p. 132°.
To the localities given, add :—-GuaTeMaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Panama, Pearl Is. (H.M.S. ‘Gannet,’ ex J. J. Watker).—Cotomsta, Rio Dagua 2.

Reakirt’s type of P. kicaha was from Honduras 1, whence we have already recorded
the species.

4 (a). Pieris marana.
Pieris marana, Doubl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p.421'; Hew. Exot. Butt., Pieris, t. 6. f.42?;
Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. p. 17°.

P. kicahe, Reak. (notistriga, Butler), similis, sed marginibus nigris latioribus: subtus anticis striga ad cellule
finem a costa ad marginem externum transeunte, nigra; posticis fascia cellulam transeunte latiore et
marginem internum versus lineam rufam includente, margine externo late nigro (nec fulvo maculato).

Hab. Panama (Mus. Brit. ?)—Ecuapor, Guayaquil ? 1.

Dr. Butler has recorded this species from Panama on the authority of two specimens
found during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘Herald’; but we think it probable that they were
found in Ecuador, whence we possess specimens.

Pieris monuste (II. p. 132).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Manzanilla (Lloyd), Sierra Madre de Tepic
(Richardson) ; Guatemata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson).

Dr. Butler [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. p. 21] adopts the name P. phileta, Fabr.,
for the well-known P. monuste; but in this we are not inclined to follow him.

Pieris viardi (II. p. 133).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Pieris noctipennis (II. p. 134).
Pieris noctipennis, But]. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. p. 20°.

To the localities given, add :—Nicaracua (Mus, Brit.4).

Dr. Butler (doc. cit.) doubts the distinctness of P. noctipennis from the South
American P. locusta, Feld., and we think this view may possibly prove correct.

Pieris josepha (II. p. 135).
To the localities given, add :—Honpvras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); GuateMALa,
Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1901. ba

726 - SUPPLEMENT.

Pieris elodia (II. p. 136).
Dr. Butler [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. p. 14] adopts the name of P. (Lepto-
phobia) aripa, Boisd., for this species.

DAPIONOURA (IL. p. 138).

Daptonoura isandra (II. p. 139).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).
CALLIDRYAS (II. p. 139).
Callidryas philea (II. p. 140).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Durango city (Becker) ; GuaTeMALa, Volcan
de Santa Maria (2ichardson) ; Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson) ; Costa Rica, Santa
Clara Valley (Zurcher).

PHGBIS (II. p. 142).

Pheebis rurina (Il. p. 143).
To the localities given, add :—Hownpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Phebis agarithe (II. p. 145).
To the localities given, add:—Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

RHABDODRYAS (IL p. 146).

Rhabdodryas trite (II. p. 146).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

ANTEOS (IL. p. 148).

Anteos clorinde (II. p. 148).
To the localities given, add :—Muxico, Durango city (Becker); Guarema.a, Volcan
de Santa Maria (Richardson); Honpouras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Anteos merula (II. p. 149).

To the localities given, add:—Guaremata, Volcan de Santa Maria (Richardson) ;
Honpouras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

KRICOGONIA (II. p. 150).
Kricogonia unicolor (II. p. 151).
To the localities given, add:—Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Zichardson).

Mr. Richardson has sent us a specimen of this species, and also others of KX. lyside,
from Nicaragua.

RHOPALOCERA. 727

COLIAS (IL. p. 151).
Colias cesonia (II. p. 153).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Durango city (Becker); Honpuras, San Pedro
Sula (Wittkugel) ; Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

TERIAS (II. p. 154).

Terias nicippe (II. p. 155).
To the localities given, add:—-Mexico, Durango city (Becker); Guaremaua, Volcan
de Santa Maria (Richardson) ; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Richardson).

Terias xanthochlora (II. p. 161).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Terias tenella (II. p. 165).
Terias linda, W. H. Edw. Papilio, iv. p. 53 (1884) °.

To the localities given, add:—Muexico, near the boundary-line of Arizona
(Morrison °).
ACMEPTERON (II. p. 179).
Acmepteron nemesis (II. p. 179).
Dismorphia nemesis, Staud. Exot. Schmett. t. 15 (¢ 2) *.
To the localities given, add:—Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

ENANTIA (II. p. 181).

Dr. Skinner [Syn. Cat. N. Am. Rhop. p. 60 (1898)] has recorded Leptalis melite
(Linn.) from “ New Mexico and Mexico,” his insect no doubt being Hnantia jethys, a
common species in Mexico and Guatemala; the northern habitat seems to require
confirmation.

Enantia albania (II. p. 183).
Dismorphia cornelia, Staud. Exot. Schmett. p. 25, t. 15+.
Dr. Staudinger has figured a male of this species as Dismorphia cornelia, Feld., at
the same time proposing the name D. amalia for it, in the event of the specimens from
Costa Rica and Chiriqui ‘* proving to be distinct.

PAPILIO (IL. p. 190).
Papilio iphidamas (II. p. 193).
To the localities given, add:—Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaragua, Mata-

galpa (Aichardson).
dA 2

728 ; SUPPLEMENT.

Papilio sadyattes (II. p. 195).
To the locality given, add :—Costa Rica, Santa Clara Valley (Zurcher).

Papilio photinus (II. p. 196).

To the localities given, add :—Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).
Papilio alopius (II. p. 197).

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guadalajara (Goldsmith, Buller).

Papilio lycidas (II. p. 201).
To the localities given, add :—Honpburas, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Papilio numitor (II. p. 202).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

18 (a). Papilio iopas. (Tab. CXI. figg. 9, 10, ¢ .)
Papilio iopas, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 248+.

P. copane similis, sed anticis supra omnino immaculatis ; posticis fascia maculosa angustiore a margine externo
magis remota.

Hab. Mexico, Colima (mus. Staudinger ').

This species was described from a single male sent us by Dr. Staudinger ; it is allied
to P. copane, but differs as noted above.

18 (s). Papilio eracon. (Tab. CXI. figg. 11, 12, ¢.)

Papilio eracon, Godm. & Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 248°.

Alis saturate eneo-nigricantibus, ciliis inter venas ochraceis; anticis maculis sex submarginalibus, ad angulum
apicalem evanescentibus, viridi-ochraceis ; posticis paulo nitentioribus, maculis sex discalibus fere rotundis
et punctis sex submarginalibus (horum duobus inter venam medianam et ramum ejus secundum, viridi-
ochraceis: subtus fuscis, anticis ad basin nigricantibus, maculis tribus ad angulum analem aliisque
indistinctis circa cellule finem ochraceis; posticis maculis septem transversim elongatis nigro limbatis

rubidis et inter eas punctis glauco-albidis, extra eas punctis sex majoribus submarginalibus ochraceis ;
abdomine supra ochraceo, segmentis nigro marginatis ; corpore toto subtus flavo maculato,

Hab. Mexico, Colima (mus. Staudinger 1),

A male of this distinct species differs from all forms of this section of Papilio found
in Central America in having the spots of the secondaries in a submarginal series away
from the cell and the costa, and beyond them are some small submarginal spots.
Beneath, the coloration of the margin of the secondaries is very marked: besides the

usual black-margined rufous spots, there are whitish spots between them, as well as
ochreous ones next the margin.

RHOPALOCERA. 729

Papilio aconophos (II. p. 206).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés).
Dr. A. Dugés has sent us a female of this species from the above locality; it has the

wings deep velvety-black on the upperside and the spots on the secondaries bright
crimson.

Papilio belesis (II. p. 207).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Papilio pharax (II. p. 211).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Coatepec (Brooks).

Papilio metaphaon (II. p. 212). (Tab. CXI. figg. 13, 14, ¢.)
We take the opportunity of figuring the type of this species, supposed to be of
Mexican origin.

Papilio fenochionis (II. p. 222).
To the localities given, add :—Guatremata, Volcan de Santa Maria (ichardson).

Sent us in some numbers from the Pacific slope of Guatemala.

Papilio thoas (II. p. 223).
Var. Papilio epithoas, Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, pp. 179, 180, fig. 5.
To the localities given, add :—Hownpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer).

M. Oberthiir has described and figured an extreme form of this very common species
from Mexico!2. This insect, which he submitted to us for examination, has the
submarginal row of lunules on the primaries extending nearly to the apex, and
the grey-blue series of spots, forming the transverse band on the underside of the
secondaries, more extended. He considers it a local race of P. thoas. We have in
our series three specimens approaching to, but not quite corresponding with, his
example.

_ Papilio epidaurus (II. p. 224).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Papilio ornythion (II. p. 227).
To the locality given, add:—Mexico, Coatepec (Brooks); Guatemaa, Volcan de
Santa Maria (Richardson).
We now have two males of this species—the one from Mexico agreeing with the

type, the other having the marginal spots on the primaries nearly obsolete and the
discal band of the secondaries narrower.

730 SUPPLEMENT.

Papilio pandion (II. p. 230).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Papilio pharnaces (II. p. 231).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés).

Papilio polyxenes (II. p. 242).
To the localities given, add:—MeExico, Durango city (Becker); Nicaragua, Mata-
galpa (fichardson).

BARONIA (to follow the genus Papilio, II. p. 243).
Baronia, Salvin, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1898, p. 331.

Allied to Papilio, and with the arrangement of the median nervure and its branches
with relation to the lower discocellular of the primaries similar ; the subcostal, however,
has only two branches instead of four, the first arising at a distance from the end of the
cell about equal to its width, and the second the same distance beyond; the usual
third branch from the end of the cell is wanting, as well as either the first or second
before the end of the cell ; the upper discocellular is short and the middle discocellular
about twice as long as the lower. Antenne very short, less than the first median
segment of the primaries, with a comparatively long thick club. Palpi very short,
hardly perceptible amongst the long hairs on either side of the haustellum. Frontal
scales long and hair-like, but drawn downwards between the eyes and not erect as in
Papilio. Legs with short spiny joints ; a distinct epiphysis on the anterior tarsi.

1. Baronia brevicornis, (Tab. CXI. figg. 15, 16, ¢; 17, 18, ¢.)
Baronia brevicornis, Salv. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1898, p. 331°.

Alis fuscis, anticis maculis in seriebus tribus arcuatis ochraceis; posticis litura fere totam cellulam occupante
et costam versus extendente, maculis tribus infra venam medianam triangulum formante, aliisque sex
parvis in serie submarginali, omnibus ochraceis: subtus pallidioribus, anticis maculis ut supra, una
quoque apicali, aliisque parvis marginalibus, iis tantum apicem versus argenteis; posticis maculis
omnibus argenteis, iis in serie submarginali elongatis et ad apicem extendentibus, una parva ultra
cellulam et linea interrupta marginali angulum analem versus notatis ; ciliis inter venas albidis.

$ mari similis, sed major et maculis ochraceis majoribus, aliis margines externos versus coloris ejusdem et in
posticis plus minusve confluentibus.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra Madre del Sur, near Chilpancingo, 4500 feet (Baron 1),

We are indebted to Mr. Baron for a pair of this interesting species, which, with a
few others, were captured by himself in Western Mexico, in the months of June and
July, a few years ago. The shortness of the antenne and the peculiar neuration of the
wings at once show that it cannot be referred to any known genus of Papilionide.

RHOPALOCERA. T

PYRRHOPYGE (IL. p. 246).

Dr. Skinner [Syn. Cat. N. Am. Rhop. p. 99 (1898)] has recorded P. araxes (antea,
p. 252) from Arizona, thus extending the northern distribution of the genus.

Pyrrhopyge gellias (II. p. 248). (Tab. CXII. figg. 1, 2, 3.)
To the localities given, add :—Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

We have now seen a female of this species, which differs from the type, a male, in
its much larger size; the outer margins of both wings are more rounded, and the
angular projection at the end of the first median branch of the secondaries is wanting.

MYSORIA (IL. p. 253).

Mysoria venezuele (II. p. 254).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

JEMADIA (II. p. 260).

Jemadia licinus (II. p. 264).

Erycides licinus, Moschl., from Chiriqui, proves, on examination of the type, to
be inseparable from Phocides distans (H.-S.) (anted, p. 29+), of which it becomes a
synonym. ‘The insect from the Kaden collection described by us under the name of
J. licinus we are now convinced, as we suspected at the time, is a specimen of Phocides
pygmalion (Cram.) (antead, p. 292), with the head of a Jemadia attached! Plotz
himself quotes his Pyrrhopyga dysoni, from Chiriqui, as synonymous with Erycides
licinus, Moschl.

EUDAMUS * (IL. p. 270).

Eudamus metophis (II. p. 276).
Thymele metophis, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 69 (1872)*.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tehuantepec? ; GuaTEMALA 1.

Eudamus dorantes (II. p. 278).
Thymele protillus, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 68 (1872) °.

_ To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tehuantepec °.

Eudamus zilpa (II. p. 279).
To the localities given, add :—Nicaracua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

_ * Salvin examined the type of Thymele domingo, Scudd., from Haiti, in 1896, and noted that it did not
differ from Hudamus esmeraldus (Butl.) (anted, p. 278); it is probable, however, that Scudder’s insect will
prove to be a variety of Z. proteus, when the genitalia of the male are examined.

732, SUPPLEMENT.

Kudamus albofasciatus (II. p. 280). |
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Kudamus alcezus (II. p. 281).
Thymele montezuma, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 70 (1872) *.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tehuantepec+; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

The name L. alceus, Hew., has five years’ priority over that of Scudder (cf. antea,
p- 636).

17 (4). Hudamus cachinnans, sp. n. (Tab. CXIU. fige. 8, 4, 3.)

Alis fuscis, anticis fascia lata mediana per cellulam venis divisa, altera angustiore subapicali curvata, maculis
duabus subquadratis inter eas, proxima majore, omnibus hyalinis; posticis striga mediana elongata
indistincta grisea, margine interno dense pilis ferrugineis vestitis, ciliis (nisi ad apicem) albis: subtus
anticis ut supra, posticis striga elongata alba cxruleo tincta, punctis nigricantibus duobus includente ;
capite et thorace supra indistincte viridi suffusis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Trétsch, ex Staudinger).

We have received a male and female of this species from Dr. Staudinger, who sent
them under the name of £. ridens, Hew., both occurring in Chiriqui. It differs,
however, from that insect, of which we now possess both sexes, in having the hyaline
spot on the disc of the primaries much less angulate, forming a more regular fascia ;
the secondaries have the whitish streak on the disc but very faintly indicated, the white
tuft of hairs towards the anal angle absent, and the longitudinal band on the underside
somewhat broader, and the head and thorax are suffused with green.

19 (a). Hudamus biolleyi. (Tab. CXII. fig. 5, 6, ¢.)
Eudamus biolleyi, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1900, p. 2301; Godm. & Salv. antea, li. p. 635 *.

Alis nigro-fuscis viridi-suffusis, anticis fascia mediana interrupta per cellulam, altera subapicali angustiore,
maculis duabus inter eas, proxima majore, omnibus hyalinis; posticis ciliis (nisi ad apicem) et cauda
albis: subtus ut supra, anticis litura cerulea angulum analem versus; posticis striga lata elongata
marginem externum versus ceruleo-alba maculis duabus nigris includente.

Hab. Costa Rica?, Pecara (coll. Joannis *).

The Abbé Johannis has been kind enough to lend us the type of this insect, which,
as Mabille notes, is a very close ally of the Guatemalan Z. crison, described and
figured in this work from an imperfect female. It differs, however, from that species
in having much smaller hyaline spots on the primaries, the median band being
narrower and interrupted, the secondaries are without spots on the upperside, the
long stripe beneath is nearer the outer margin and somewhat differently shaped, and
the tails and part of the fringe are white. It is not improbable that this last-named
character will also be found in E. erison when perfect specimens are obtained.

RHOPALOCERA, 733

Kudamus asine (II. pp. 283, 635).
Eudamus asine, Mab. & Vuill. Nov. Lep. iv. p. 27, t. 4. £, 2° *.
Thymele vitreus, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p- 68 (1872) *.

Scudder’s type of 7. vitreus, from Venezuela 3, which we have examined, does not
differ from E. asine.

Kudamus undulatus (II. p. 286).
Thymele sumichrasti, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 69 (1872) *.

Since our enumeration of the species of this genus was published we have seen the
type of 7. sumichrasti, Scudd., and find that it is referable to E. undulatus, Hew., and
not to £. ewrycles (antea, p. 272), under which we somewhat doubtfully placed it.
The locality quoted 4, Tehuantepec, must therefore be transferred to E. undulatus.

GONIURUS (IL. p. 287).

Goniurus ccelus (II. p. 287).
To the localities given, add :—Honpvuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

PHOCIDES (II. p. 292).
Phocides pygmalion (II. p. 292).
Jemadia licinus, anted, p. 264 (nec Méschl.).

To the localities given, add :—Honobvuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Phocides belus (II. p. 293).
To the localities given, add :—Mzexico, San Blas (Baron).

Phocides distans (II. p. 294).

Jemadia licinus, antea, 11. p. 264 (excl. descr.).

Erycides licinus, Méschl. ( =fyrrhopyga dysoni, Platz), from Chiriqui, as noted
above (anted, p. 731), must be placed as a synonym of P. distans.

Phocides urania (Il. p. 294).
This species has been figured by Mr. Aaron in the ‘Entomological N ews, ii. p. 101,
t. 1. f.1.

Phocides lilea (II. p. 296).
To the localities given, add :—Honpvras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).
* FE. auginus, Hew. (anted, p. 283), is also described and figured by MM. Mabille & Vuillot, loc. cté. p. 31,
t. 4. fig. 6.
BJOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., October 1901. 5B

734 .SUPPLEMENT.

HETEROPIA (II. p. 296).
1(a). Heteropia cyda, sp.n. (Tab. CXII. figg. 7, 8, 3.)

H. bryaxi similis, sed posticis tantum sordide ochraceo tinctis, anticis maculis et punctis omnibus obscurioribus
(iis in costam fere obsoletis) et flavo- (nec albo-) hyalinis: subtus posticis fasciis transversis obscurioribus
et magis angulatis, extrorsum disco albido multo latiore ad angulum analem extenso ; ciliis griseis, ad
venarum fines nigro-fuscis.

Hab. Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

Of this species we have a single male. It is a close ally of H. bryaxis, from which
it differs in the more uniform coloration on the upperside; the spots on the primaries
are considerably smaller and yellowish (instead of white); and the secondaries, too,
have a conspicuous broad white band beneath, reaching from the anal angle towards

the apex.

Heteropia melon (II. p. 297).
To the localities given, add :—Nicaraeua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

EPARGYREUS (II. p. 299).
Epargyreus exadeus (II. p. 299).
Epargyreus orizaba, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Ac. Sci. iv. p. 70 (1872) *.
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkuged).

Scudder’s type of E. orizaba, which we have seen, was from Guatemala *, whence we
have already recorded the insect (cf. antea, p. 630).

PROTEIDES (II. p. 301).

Proteides idas (II. p. 301).
To the localities given, add:—GuaTemata, Cahabon (Champion); Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula (Wittkugel); Nicaragua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

ACOLASTUS (II. p. 308).

Acolastus amyntas (II. p. 304). |
To the localities given, add:—GuatemaLa, Volcan de Santa Maria (Rechardson) ;
Honpvuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

TELEGONUS (II. p. 305).

8. Telegonus megalurus.

Telegonus megalurus, Mab. Petites Nouv. Ent. ii. p. 162 (1877)'; Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi.
p. 25 (1878) *.

Telegonus consus, antea, ii. p. 309, t. 77. ff. 20-22%.

RHOPALOCERA. 735

Since our description of 7. consus was published we have seen the type of T. mega-
lurus, Mab., from Colombia}, and find that the two insects do not differ; the above
correction in the synonymy is therefore necessary (cf. anted, p. 639).

THYMELE (II. p. 311).

Thymele fulgerator (II. pp. 311, 635).
Goniloba azul, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1866, p. 340°.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Vera Cruz®; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Wittkugel); Nicaraaua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

1a). Thymele polias, sp.n. (Tab. CXII. figg. 9, 10, 2.)

Q. Alis fuscis, anticis ad basin, posticis dimidio interiore et corpore supra, pilis viridi-griseis vestitis ; anticis
fascia obliqua lata, venis divisa, a coste medio prope angulum analem extendente, albo-hyalina: subtus
ut supra, sed anticis margine interno albidis, regione costali anticarum, et dimidio interno posticarum
dense, squamis pallide ochraceis tectis ; corpore subtus coloris ejusdem ; anticis ad fascie finem et posticis
ad apicem anguste albo ciliatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (mus. Staudinger).

The single female Dr. Staudinger has sent us for examination is all we know of this
insect. It appears to be a close ally of 7. phrynicus (Hew.), from the corresponding
sex of which it differs in the white band of the primaries being less iridescent and
almost reaching the outer margin; the cilia only of the secondaries are narrowly
whitish ; and the inner margin of the primaries is white beneath.

Thymele aulestes (II. p. 315).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wéttkugel).

NASCUS (II. p. 320).

Nascus phocus (II. p. 320). (Tab. CXII. figg. 11, 12, 9, var.)

Dr. Staudinger has sent us a female of this insect from Chiriqui, which differs
from our other specimens of the same sex in having the base of the primaries and
the greater part of the secondaries clothed with reddish hairs (in this respect resembling
some of our more brightly-coloured males); the secondaries, too, have the outer
portion uniformly dark beneath, with a projecting streak at the end of the cell.
Our figure of the insect is taken from this example.

2. Nascus cous.
Telegonus cous, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 205 (3) ’.
Nascus eugamon, antea, ii. p. 321, t. 78. ff. 20, 21”.

To the localities given, add:—Panama, Chiriqui (Zrétsch, ex Staudinger).— V ENEZUELA'.
5B 2

736 SUPPLEMENT.

Since our description of WV. euwgamon was published we have seen the type of
Telegonus cous, Moschl., and find that they belong to the same species. Dr. Staudinger
has sent us a specimen of it under the name of 7. cepio.

3. Nascus gizala.
Telegonus gizala, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 207 (?)’.
Nascus evathlus, anted, ii. p. 322, t. 78. ff. 22, 23”.
Since our description of this species was published we have seen the type of 7’. gizala,
and find that it does not differ from Hudamus cephisus, Hew., or NV. evathlus (Mab.).
Méschler’s type was from Colombia}.

Nascus czpio (II. p. 322).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

6. Nascus euribates.
Papilio euribates, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 393. f. D (2) (1782) °.
Nascus euribates, Wats. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 287.
Papilio nicias, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 86 (1787) *.
Telegonus hesus, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. u. t. 78. f.5 (¢) *
Eudamus hesus, Aaron, Ent. News, i. p. 25°; i. p. 101, t. 1. f.2(¢)°.
_ Eudamus etias, Hew. Descr. Hesp. p. 18 (2 )’.

Alis rufo-fulvis, anticis marginem externum versus obscurioribus, maculis tribus discalibus magnis, infima
maxima, ea in medio sagittiforme, aliisque duabus (interdum tribus) subapicalibus, omnibus flavo-hyalinis ;
posticis margine costali late, maculis variis in serie submarginali, alia ad cellule finem, duabusque basin
anticarum versus (interdum absentibus), omnibus obscure fuscis: subtus fere ut supra, sed brunnescen-
tioribus ; posticis maculis paginse superioris plus minusve distinctis et interdum ochraceo notatis.

@ mari similis, sed brunnescentioribus; anticis maculis discalibus minoribus et magis separatis, macula quoque
apud coste medium flavida: subtus margine interno anticarum pallidiore.

Hab. Mexico®; Centrat America >.—Souta AMsRiIcA to Brazil.

This well-known Tropical-American species has been recorded by Mr. Aaron® from
the Mexican boundary of Texas, as well as from Central America, and we therefore
include it in our fauna. We think, however, that these localities require confirmation.
Our description is taken from South-American specimens.

BUNGALOTIS (II. p. 323).

Bungalotis midas (II. p. 324).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

We now possess a male of B. midas from Honduras, the second we have seen from
within our limits. It is possible that the insect we described as the female of this
species does not belong to it, and that B. astylos (of which the male is not known)
may prove to he the other sex of B. midas.

RHOPALOCERA. 737

Bungalotis heras (II. p. 325). (Tab. CXII. figg. 13, 14, 2.)

2 mari similis, sed major et obscurior, anticis maculis discalibus quatuor, infima minuta, aliis ut in mari, sed
magis divisis et omnibus albo-hyalinis: subtus posticis maculis ochraceis.

We have now seen a female of this species from Chiriqui in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection, and take the opportunity of figuring it.

CECROPTERUS (II. p. 327).

Cecropterus neis (II. p. 328).
Cecropterus dhega, Mab. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. Ixxvii (1891) *.
C. dhega appears to us, to judge from the description, to be nothing more than a
form of this variable insect ; the type was obtained at Jalapa+, whence we have already
recorded the species (cf. anted, ii. p. 635).

MURGARIA (II. p. 332).

Murgaria albociliata (II. p. 333).
Telegonus vespasius, Butl. Cat. Diurn. Fabr. Lep. p. 263° (? Fabr.).
Dr. Butler’, who has identified this species as Hesperia vespasius, Fabr., states
that there is a specimen from Nicaragua in the British Museum which probably
belongs to it.

1(4). Murgaria leucophrys.
Murgaria leucophrys, Mab. Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 183°.
Murgaria albociliata, antea, 11. p. 333 (partim) *.

M. albociliate similis, sed anticis quoque albo ciliatis.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui :—Cotomaia, Bogota !.

The specimens from Panama and Colombia previously referred to WU. albociliata
differ from the more northern insect in having the fringe of both wings white, and
this form has been separated by Mabille under the name of WM. leucophrys (cf. anted,
p. 639).

COGIA (II. p. 338).
Cogia eluina (II. p. 339).
To the localities given, add :—Nicaraeua, Matagalpa (Richardson).

Cogia hippalus (II. p. 340).

To the localities given, add :—MEeExico, Colima (mus, Staudinger).

738 SUPPLEMENT.

TYPHEDANUS (II. p. 341).
Typhedanus alladius (II. p. 342).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel, in mus.
Staudinger).

ZETHILLA (IL. p. 343).

ABthilla echina (II. p. 344).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

Asthilla lavochrea (II. pp. 345, 635).
Achlyodes athymnios, Moschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 225 (¢) *.

To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).
Since our description of this species was published we have seen the type of

A. athymnios, Moschl., and find that it does not differ from ZZ. lavochrea. Moschler *
merely gives Central America as locality.

PYTHONIDES (II. p. 358).

Pythonides cerialis (II. p. 358).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

CYCLOSAMIA (II. p. 375).
Cyclosemia anastomosis (II. p. 376).
Cyclosemia gratiosa, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 194°.

Mons. Mabille has lent us the type of C. gratiosa from Chiriqui‘, and it seems to us
to be nothing more than a variety of C. anastomosis with the whitish coloration more
extended on the underside of the secondaries (cf. anted, p. 635).

ECHELATUS (IL. p. 378).

Echelatus varius (II. p. 379).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

CELZNORRHINUS (IL. p. -381).

2, Celenorrhinus fritzgaertneri.
Pleusioneura fritzgaertneri, Bailey, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. iii. p. 62 (1880) °.
Celenorrhinus variegatus, anted, ii. p. 383, t. 85. ff. 2-4’.

To the localities given, add :—Sanvapor, Volcan de San Miguel (Fritzgaertner *).

RHOPALOCERA. 739

On reading Dr. Bailey’s description of P. fritzgaertneri we have little doubt that it
applies to the insect described by us under the name of C. variegatus, and the above
change in the synonymy is therefore necessary (cf. anted, p. 635). He states that
swarms of this butterfly were found in an old deserted mine, at a depth of eighty feet,
in Salvador, in March 1879.

MYLON (IL. p. 384).

Mylon pulcherius (II. p. 385).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

CARRHENES (II. p. 388).

Carrhenes fuscescens (II. p. 389).
To the localities given, add :—Nicaragua, Matagalpa (fichardson).

ACHLYODES (II. p. 394).

Achlyodes cceliginea (II. p. 395).
Hesperia celiginea, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii. p. lxxv (1883) *.
Achlyodes caliginea, antea, ii. p. 395, t. 86. ff. 9, 10°.
Since our diagnosis of this species was published we have found Mabille’s original
description of H. celiginea', and the above correction in the synonymy becomes
necessary. The types were from Colombia and Brazil.

Achlyodes calavius (II. p. 395).
To the localities given, add :—Guatemata, San Juan in Vera Paz (Champion) ; Costa
Rica (mus. Staudinger).

The six specimens we have now seen show considerable variation in size.

Achlyodes bubaris (II. p. 395).
_ To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Zapote (Champion).

6. Achlyodes cyrna.
Achlyodes cyrna, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. lvi (Feb. 27) °.
Achlyodes fasciata, anted, ii. p. 396, t. 86. f. 17 (March 1895) ’*.

As we have already noted (antea, pp. 430, 635), Mabille’s name has priority. His
type was also from Chiriqui?.

740 SUPPLEMENT.

PACHES (II. p. 398).
Paches polla (II. p. 399).

2 mari similis, sed colore cyanea absente, punctis duobus minutis, uno inter ramos medianos primum et
secundum, secundo margini interiori proximo, hyalinis.

To the localities given, add :—Guatemaa, San Gerénimo (Champion).

We now give a description of the female of this species, of which we possess three
examples, two from Costa Rica and one from Guatemala.

| . EANTIS (II. p. 404).

Eantis busirus (II. p. 404).

To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Witthugel); Nicaraqua,
Matagalpa (Richardson).

Eantis thraso (II. p. 405).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wittkugel).

DOBERES (II. p. 407).

1. Doberes hewitsonius.
Achlyodes hewitsonius, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 340 (Nov.)’.
Doberes mexicanus, antea, ii. p. 407, t. 87. f. 11°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, near Vera Cruz (Edwards).

Reakirt’s description of A. hewitsonius } was overlooked by us in our first enumeration
of the species of Hesperiine ; it antedates that of Felder by three months (cf. anted,

p- 635).
EBRIETAS (II. p. 418).

Ebrietas osyris (II. p. 419).
To the localities given, add :—Hownpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Wittkugel).

THEAGENES (II. p. 428).
In our first enumeration of the species of this genus, two were accidentally omitted :

they are described on pp. 459, 460.

~STAPHYLUS (II. p. 429).

5. Staphylus mazans.
Carcharodus mazans, Reak. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1866, p. 335°.
Staphylus ascalaphus, antea, ii. p. 482, t. 89. ff. 12-15”.

Reakirt’'s types of C. mazans were from Vera Cruz, whence we have already recorded
this insect (cf. anted, p. 635).

RHOPALOCERA. 741

HELIOPETES (II. p. 444).

Heliopetes macaira (II. p. 447).
Leucoscirtes oceanus, Scudd. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. iv. p. 73 (1872) °.

To the localities given, add :—-Mexico, Tehuantepec 6.

CHIOMARA (II. p. 453).

Chiomara asychis (II. pp. 453, 635).
Pyrgus georgina, Reak. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1868, p. 88°.

To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Vera Cruz.

PHANES, nomen nov.
Phanis, antea, ii. p. 548 (Nov. 1900).

The name Phanis is preoccupied in Coleoptera (Fairmaire, 1893), and we therefore
change it to Phanes.

1. Phanes justinianus.
Phanis justinianus, antea, ii. p. 549, t. 99. ff. 24-27.

EPRIUS, nomen nov.
Epeus, antea, ii. p. 601 (Feb. 1901).
The name Lpeus is preoccupied in Arachnida (Peckham, 1885), and we therefore
change it to Eprius.

1. Eprius veleda.
Epeus veleda, antea, ii. p. 601, t. 108. ff. 21-23.

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I., November 1901. 5

Page

16
22

45
47
48
49
53
67
73
96
98
108
. 120
120.
123
128
138
163
167
181
182
190
190

2038
254
265
268

ERRATA ET

Line

36 for angustule read augustule.

21 the locality Coban (von Turckheim) is in Guate-
mala and should be placed before Honpuras.

18,19 for azurinus read azurina.

9 for 3 read Q.

30 after rhodope add sp. n.

24 for Braugas read Brangas.

10 after cambes add sp. n.
8 before Tab. LVI. insert 7. nicee,

15 for Cubilwitz read Cubilguitz.

33 after figg. 12, 138, d, insert ; 14, 9.
1 before Tab. LVITTI. insert 7’. hecale,
5 for Polyomatus read Polyommatus.

16, 27 for E. read C.

34 for 3 read Q.
33° for Eucides read Eueides.
37 for Daptoneura read Daptonoura.
28 for P. read D.
4 for Lefebvre read Lucas.
15 for lucilla read leucilla.

° } for dione read deione.

5 for polydamus read polydamas.
between lines 5 and 6 add the heading to the
genus :
PAPILIO.
Papilio, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 744 (1767).
11 - for munitor read numitor.
for Pyrropyga read Pyrrhopyga.
8 for Proteides read Phocides.
10 aiter t. 99 add (O. felderi).

CORRIGENDA.

Page Line

272 25 for Papilo read Papilio.

311 18 for Vera Cruz read Tamaulipas.

336 34 } for Phedinus read Thorybes

3387, 8 wee

337 39 for amplion read amphion.

340 8,24 for Spathalepia read Spathilepia.

343 5 for Guatemala read S. Mexico.

356 9 for Pythonides amaryllis, Staud., read Ate
amaryllis (Staud.).

364 7 for chaleas read calchas.

368 16 for nyctimene read nyctineme.

376 7 for Leuchochitonia read Leucochitonea.

382 34 for Paragua read Paraguay.

387 21 for no tuft read a small tuft.

395 1 for caliginea read celiginea.

395 2 for Achlyodes caliginea read Hesperia cceliginea.

396 2 after simplex add sp. n.

403 13 for from a specimen of which read and from a
specimen of M. hemes.

416 5,6 for Pterygospidia phagesia read Pterygospidea
phagesia.

417 17 for ruptifascitus read ruptifasciatus.

440 34 add after the asterisk Zopyrion evenor, sp. n.

452 22 for Carcharodes read Carcharodus. '

459 21 for egiades read egides.

482 39 for H. read Pamphila.

563 12. before Tab. C. insert Mnasinous atheas,

656 1 for antinoe read antonoe.

659 2 for epinephile read epinephele.

732 30 for Johannis read Joannis.

INDEX.

[Names in small capitals refer to Families, &.; those in roman type to the chief reference to each species included in the work;
those in italies to species incidentally mentioned, synonyms, &.]

Abaets mexicana, ii. 157. Achlyodes oiclus, ii. 396. Actinote melampeplos, i. 142.
Abisara, i. 362. ophia, ii. 361. melampeplos, ii. 667.
Achalarus, ii. 331, 336. osyris, 11. 419. —— nox, i. 142; ii. 667.
lycidas, ii. 331, 332, 336. ozema, li. 386. now, 1, 140, 148.
ACHLYODES, ii. 394, 739. ozotes, ii. 406. ozomene, 1, 148.

Achlyodes, ii. 395, 397, 421, 454, 5638, pausus, ii. 409. —— thalia, i. 141, 142.
564, —— phalenoides, ii, 423. ADELPHA, i. 294; ii. 691.
—— anacreon, ii. 419, 420. rosina, ii. 404, Adelpha, i. 295, 296, 308, 311,
—— (?) anomala, ii. 464. semptternus, ii. 380. 316.
anticus, ii. 408. simplex, ii. 396. abia, i. 306.
asychis, ii. 453. simplex, ii. 480. basilea, i. 806 ; ii, 692.
—— athymnios, ii. 635, 738. —— viridiceps, ii. 366. —— basiloides, i. 807 ; ii. 692.

vulgata, ii. 431.
zera, 11. 862.

begga, li. 425,
brebissonti, ii. 416.

bredowi, i. 310; ii. 692.
bredowi?, i. 294, 295, 296.

—— bubaris, ii. 395, 739. Acmeopteron lala, ii. 181. californica, i. 294.
—— calavius, ii. 395, 739. ACMEPTERON, ii. 179, 727. celerio, i. 308 ; ii. 692.
—— calavius, ii. 563, 564. Acmepteron, ii. 174. celerio, i, 295, 309, 310, 315.

cinerascens, ii. 180.
cinerascens, ii. 181.
lala, ii. 181.
nemesis, ii. 179, 727.

caliginea, ii. 395, 739.
—— ceeliginea, ii. 395, 739.
— colotes, ii. 396.

—- corbianus, ii. 400.

cesti;s, 1. 301.
cocala, 1. 308, 477.
creton, li. 692.
cytherea, i. 303.

cyclops, ii. 396. nemesis, ii, 180, 181. —— cytherea, i. 304.
—— cyrna, ii. 739. viridifascia, ii. 180. ——- demialba, i. 297,
—— cyrna, ii. 480, 635. ACOLASTUS, ii. 303, 734. diocles, i. 303.

ecliptica, ii. 420. Acolastus, ii. 305.

— fasciata, ii. 396. amyntas, li. 304, 734.
—— fasciata, ii. 480, 635, 739. savignyt, li. 304,
fridericus, ii, 394. Acrea, i. 140, 141. eptone, i, 298.

—— fridericus, ii. 395. anteas, i. 141; ii. 666. eprphicia, i. 306.

gorgona, ii, 636. —— guatemalena, i: 141. ~ erotia, i, 801.

— gorgophone, ii. 404. —— horta, i. 140, 141. erotia, i. 295, 802, 308, 305.
—— hadina, ii. 400, 401. leucomelas, i. 142. erymanthis, i. 302.
hewitsonius, ii. 635, 740. natalica, i. 140, 141. ethelda, i. 300.

——— impressus, ii. 421. nox, i. 142; ii. 667. Jaleata, i. 307, 808.

leada, ii. 891. orizava, i. 142, 143. felderi, i. 307.

—— lemur, ii. 427, thalia, i. 141. Jelderi, i. 308.

diocles, ii. 692.
donysa, i. 305.
donysa, i. 306.

luctuosus, ii. 879. ACRzIN#, i, 140. fessonia, i, 8301; ii. 691.

—— meridensis, ii. 390. ActTINoTE, i. 140; ii. 666. Jessonia, i. 295.
mexicana, ii. 407. ' Actinote, i. 141, 188. iphicla, i. 806; ii. 699.
mithrax, ii. 458, 454, equatoria, i. 142. —— iphicla, i. 295, 305, 307, 308,
neeris, ii, 377. anteas, i. 141; ii. 666. 315, 477.

nivonicus, ii. 636. anteas, i. 140, 142.
—— nyctineme, ii. 870. guatemalena, i. 141; ii. 667.
obscurus, ii. 377. —— guatemalena, 1. 142.

aphicleola, i. 306.
wmina, i. 298
Justina, i. 299.

5o 2

744

Adelpha lacina, i, 299.
lara, i. 296.

—— lerna, i. 304.

—— lerna, i. 305.

—— leuceria, i. 300; ii. 691.
~—— leucophthalma, i. 299.
—— leucophthalma, i. 295.
—— maassilia, i. 309.
melanippe, i. 296.
melanthe, i. 296.
melanthe, i. 295, 297.
mephistopheles, i. 299.
——— oberthiiri, i. 302; ii. 691.
oberthiiri, i. 303.
pareeca, i. 310.
pareca, i. 309.

—— phylaca, i. 304.

—— phylaca, i. 302.

—— pions, i. 309,

pithys, i. 305; ii. 692.
—— pithys, i. 306.

—— rela, i. 305.

—— salmoneus, i. 298.
salmoneus, i. 314.
—— sentia, i. 309.
seriphia, i. 309.

——— serpa, i. 308.

serpa, 1. 309, 310.
——— sophax, i. 297.
sophax, i. 295, 298.
spruceana, i. 296.
syma, i, 303.

~——— thesprotia, i. 302.
tizona, i, 298.

tracta, 1. 300.

urraca, i. 303.
Adopea, ii. 469, 470.
hylaz, ii. 470.

linea, ii. 471.
ADOPZOIDES, ii. 470.
Adopeoides, ii. 462, 469.
bistriata, ii. 471.
simplex, ii. 470.
simplex, ii. 471,
AFRIA, i. 15; ii. 641.
agna, 1.15; ii. 641,
agna, 1. 16,

—— eurrmedia, i. 15, 16.
pacifica, 1.16; ii. 641.
pacifica, i, 15.
AETHBILLA, ii. 348, 738,
4ithilla, ii. 806, 807, 345.
anaphus, ii. 805,
—— athymnios, ii. 738.
echina, ii. 344, 738.
echina, ii. 3465,

—— eleusinn, ii. 844.

INDEX.

Athilla hahnelz, ii. 306.
—— infanda, ii. 418.
lavochrea, ii, 345, 738.
— lavochrea, ii. 315, 635.
toxeus, ii. 636.
AGANISTHOS, i. 3824; ii. 695.
Aganisthos, i. 325.

cadmus, i. 326.

odius, 1. 324; ii, 695.
orion, i. 324; ii. 695.
orion, i. 327.
pherecydes, i. 326.
Agathina margaretta, i. 423.
AGERONIA, i. 267; ii. 689.
Ageronia, i. 263, 266, 270,
@noe, i. 268,
amphinome, i. 271; ii. 690.
arethusa, i. 267, 270,
arinome, i. 272.

——— atlantis, i, 269; ii. 689.
atlantis, i. 267, 270.
chloe, i. 267.

ferentina, i. 268; ii. 689.
—— ferentina, i. 267, 269.
Jeronia, i. 268, 278.
Sornaz, i. 272.
glauconome, i. 268 ; ii. 689.
glauconome, i. 267.
guatemalena, i. 273.
-———~ wphimede, 1. 274.

—— iphthime, i, 274.

—— lelaps, i. 270.

—— lelaps, i. 267 ; ii. 689.
AGRATLIS, i. 169 ; ii. 670,
andicola, i. 169, 170.
—— glycera, i. 169, 171.
—— huascuma, i. 170.

—— juno, i. 170; ii. 670.
juno, i. 169, 171.

lucina, i. 169, 170.

—— moneta, i. 170.

moneta, i. 169, 171; ii. 671.
vanille, i. 171; ii. 671.
vanille, i. 169, 172.
AGRIAS, i. 828; ii. 696.
—— edon, i. 328; ii. 696.
AIDES, ii. 518.

Aides, ii. 463, 515, 516, 613, 618.
estria, ii, 518.

—— dysoni, li. 514.

—— dysont, ii. 518, 515.
elara, ii. 515.

epitus, ii, 514.

epitus, ii. 515, 518,
Ajantis sappho, i. 156.

Alesa, i. 362, 374,
Amarynthis, i. 415, 450.

Amarynthis hypochalybe, i. 450, 451.
Amblygonia, i. 899.

agathon, i. 400.

—- amarynthina, i. 399.
AMBLYSCIRTES, ii. 508.
Amblyscirtes, ii. 462, 501, 505, 598.
—— e@nus, ii. 503, 504.
comus, ii. 502.

elissa, ii. 505.

elissa, ii. 502, 508.
fluonia, ii. 504.

Jluoma, ii. 502, 505.
folia, ii. 504.

folia, ii. 502, 508.

—— nanno, ii. 504.

nanno, ii. 501, 503.
—— nilus, ii. 502.

samoset, ii. 501.

tolteca, ii. 501.

vialis, ti. 508.

AMENIS, ii. 257,

pronia, ii. 257, 258.
ponina, ii. 257.
AMPHIRENR, i. 280.
Amphirene, i. 279, 281.

——— epaphus, i. 281.
epaphus, i. 280, 282.
superba, i. 282,
superba, 1, 279, 280, 281.
trayja, i. 280, 281, 282.
Amynthia clorinde, ii. 148.
—— merula, ii. 149.

| ANJA, 1. 335; ii. 696.

Anea, i. 331, 336, 387, 341, 344,
347, 348, 350, 354, 355, 357;
li. 697,

aidea, i, 338 ; ii. 697.

—— aidea, i. 336 ; ii. 696.

—— ambrosia, i. 349.

ambrosia, i. 350 ; ii. 698.

——— amenophis, i, 344.

——— anassa, i. 349,

anassa, i. 344, 350, 852.

—— andria, ii. 696.

arginussa, i. 846.

artaceena, i. 346.

—— aureola, i, 351.

—— aureola, i, 352.

basila, i. 351.

—— beatrix, i. 348.

beatriz, i. 344; ii. 697.

—— bertha, i. 358.

callidryas, i. 354.

cheronea, i. 842, 343.

—— ckrysophana, i. 338.

chrysophana, i. 339.

—— cleomestra, i. 344, 349, 350.

Anza dia, i. 351.

dia, 1. 336, 352.

—— dominicana, i. 355.

echemus, i. 355.

echemus, 1. 336.

elara, ii. 698.

electra, i. 352 ; ii. 699.

electra, i. 336, 353, 355, 356,

excellens, i. 358.

—— excellens, i. 398.

—— forreri, i. 350; ii. 698.
glauce, i. 347.

—— glyceriun, 1. 337.

——- glycerium, 1. 336.

halice, i. 339.
hedemanni, i. 350.
herbacea, i. 347 ; ii. 698.
herbacea, 1. 346.
indigotica, i. 342.
indigutica, i. 343.

—— iphis, i. 344.

jansoni, 1. 353.

jansoni, i. 352.

laura, i. 348 ; ii. 698.
laura, i, 349, 350.

lorna, i. 344.

meris, 1. 344.

mora, i. 351.

morrison, ii. 696.
morta, i. 340; ti. 697.
morta, i. 341, 342.
morvus, i. 340, 342, 344.
nobilis, i. 340.

nobilis, 1. 336.

—— odilia, i. 351.

—— cnomais, i. 341 ; ii. 697.
—— enomais, i. 351.

—— onophis, i. 344.

—— onophis, i. 345, 346 ; ii. 698.
——. opalina, i. 854.

ops, i. 335, 838; i. 696.
orthesia, i. 851; ii. 698.
orthesia, i. 350.
panariste, i. 353.

" —— perenna, 1. 344.

—— phidile, i. 339.

pithyusa, i. 345 ; ii. 697.
—— pithyusa, i. 336, 346, 347.
polyxo, i. 351, 352.
—— portia, ii. 696.

: promenea, i. 343.
promenaa, i. 342.
proserpina, i. 348 ; ii. 698.
—— proserpina, 1. 349, 350.
—— ryphea, i. 389; ii. 697.
—— ryphea, 1. 336, 337, 340.

Peeeeeen

INDEX.

Aneea schausiana, ii. 697.

—— titan, i. 337; ii. 696.

= titan, i, 338.

verticordia, i, 355.

xenica, 1. 343.

—— xenica, i. 342.

xenocles, i. 346; ii. 697.

——— xenocles, i. 336.

—— zelica, i. 342.

ANARTIA, i. 221.

amalthea, i. 221, 222.

chrysopelia, i, 221,

fatima, i. 222.

fatima, i. 221.

iatrophe, 1. 221.

jatrophe, i. 221.

—— lytrea, i, 221.

ANASTRODS, li, 377.

Anastrus, ii, 355, 378, 381, 410,
417.

——— eugramma, ii. 380.

—— neeris, li. 377.

neeris, ii. 378.

—— obscurus, ii. 377, 378.

stigmaticus, i. 381.

varius, ii. 379.

Anchiplebia, i. 69.

archea, i. 69.

ANCYLOXYPHA, ii. 471.

Ancyloxypha, ii. 462, 603.

arene, ii. 472.

aurantiaca, ii. 473.

—— brunnea, ii. 465, 471.

corades, 11. 471, 608, 605.

gracilis, ii. 468, 470, 471, 608,

605.

melanoneura, ii. 471, 472.

—— myrtis, ii. 472.

simplex, ii. 462, 469, 471.

Ancyluris iphinoe, i. 390.

Anelia thirza, i. 173.

Anemeca, i. 211.

ehrenbergit, ii. 682.

ANISOCHORIA, ii. 426.

Anisochoria, ii. 355, 417, 428.

albida, ii. 426.

lemur, i. 427.

olugosticta, ii. 426.

pedaliodina, ii. 427.

polysticta, ii. 427.

polysticta, li. 426.

sublimbata, ii, 427.

ANTEOS, ii. 148, 726.

Anteos, ii. 150.

clorinde, ii. 148, 726.

clorinde, ii. 149.

—— merula, ii. 149, 726.

Anteos merula, ii. 148.
ANTEROS, i. 487 ; ii. 703.
Anteros, i. 434, 439.
acantus, i. 436, 437.
—— acheus, i. 438, 439.
—— allectus, i. 489.

— carausius, i. 440; ii. 703.
—— carausius, i. 438.
chrysoprasta, i. 439.
chrysus, i. 435, 438.
cupris, 1. 438.

—— cupris, 1, 439.

—— dematria, i. 435.
formosus, i, 438.
formosus, i. 439.
—— gyas, i. 435, 436, 437.
medusa, i. 440.

—— micon, i. 438, 489.
psaros, i. 437.
renaldus, i. 440.
roratus, i. 439.
roratus, i. 438.
Anthomaster, ii. 477.
ANTIGONUS, i. 409.
Antigonus, ii. 374, 384, 410.
egides, ii. 426, 428.
anacreon, ii. 419,
bipuncta, ii. 636.
corrosus, ii. 412.
cupretceps, ii. 430.
erosus, ii, 409, 411.
excisus, ii, 410.

—— fumosus, ii. 381.
incisus, ii. 410.

lassia, 1. 384.
melander, ii. 386.
neers, li. 377.
nearchus, ii. 409,
—— nearchus, ii. 410, 411.
—— osyris, ii. 419.

ozema, 11. 386.

—— pulcherius, ii. 385.
—— ruptifasciatus, ii. 418.
sericus, ii. 636.

—— thrasybulus, ii. 422.
—— tortricinus, ii. 636.
trifasciatus, ii. 417.
—— unifascia, ii. 437.
ustus, li. 409,

—— variegatus, ii, 410.
gorilla, li. 636.
ANTIBRHAA, i. 69; ii. 651.
archea, i. 69.

—— casta, i. 70.

—— lindigit, i. 70.

—— miltiades, i. 70.

—— miltiades, 1. 71.

746

Antirrhea philoctetes, i. 69.
philopemen, i. 71, 113.
———~ pterocopha, i. 71.
pterocopha, i. 70.
tomasia, i. 70; ii. 651.
Apatura, i. 294, 312, 313, 318, 319.
acca, i. 315.

agathina, i. 313.
angelina, 1. 315.

argus, i. 319.
callianira, i. 314, 315.
celtis, i. 8319; ii. 693.
cherubina, i. 318.
clothilda, i. 318.

—— cyane, i. 318.

—— druryi, i. 315, 316.
laura, i. 316, 317.
laurentia, i. 8317, 318.
leilia, ii. 698.

linda, i. 316.

—— lucas, i. 317.

—— pavonit, i. 315 ; 11. 693.
plesaurina, i. 816.
—— thaumas, i. 314.
zunida, var. occidentalis, i, 318.
Apaustes bilineata, ii. 471.
APAUSTDS, li. 468,
Apaustus, ti. 462, 605.
eudesmia, ii, 636.

——. euphrasia, ii. 636.

— filata, ii, 603, 604.
gracilis, ii. 605.
leporina, ii, 472.

——- menes, ii. 468.

—— menes, ii. 576.
prittwitzt, ii. 636.
simplex, ii. 470,

sulla, ii. 542, 550.
tanaquilus, ii. 577, 578.
tenera, ii. 605.

tiberius, ii. 552, 558.
valerius, ii. 541, 542.
—— venosus, li. 570, 571.
virginius, ii. 606, 607.
APHRISSA, li. 146.
Aphrissa, ii. 140.

statira, ii. 147.

statira, ii. 142,
APODEMIA, 1. 466; ii. 709.
Apodemia, i. 458, 464, 467.
cythera, i. 467.
cythera, 1. 466.

—— hepburni, i. 468.
hepburni, i. 467.

—— hypoglauca, i. 468 ; ii. 709.
——- palmeri, i. 468; ii. 709.
—— palmer, i. 467.

INDEX.

Apodemia sonorensis, i. 467.
—— virgulti, i. 467.
walkeri, i. 468; ii. 709.
walkeri, i. 467.
Appias castalia, ii. 135.
margarita, ii. 135.
poeyt, ii. 135.
Aprotopos, i. 16, 17.
melantho, i. 17.
Araschnia hippodrome, i. 179.
lacinia, i. 176.
marina, i, 181.
Arcas imperialis, ii. 13.
ARCHONIAS, ii. 122, 724,
—— approximata, 11. 122.
approzimata, li. 123,
—— critias, ii. 1238.
dismorphites, ii. 123.
— dismorphites, ii. 124.
—— eurytele, ii. 122, 123, 124, 724.
lyceas, ii. 123.
—— nigrescens, ii. 124, 724.
terias, il. 128,
Ardaris, ii, 245, 246.
ARGYNNIS, li. 674.
Argynnis, i. 169, 172, 173, 174, 176,
190, 263 ; ii. 224, 675,
columbina, i. 174.
euryale, i, 173,
leto, ii. 675.
—— moneta, i. 170,
nitocris, var. coerulescens, ii.
675.
nokomis, ii. 674.
nokomis, ii. 675.
selene, 1. 174, 176, 190.
ARIcORIS, i. 479,
Aricoris, 1. 480.
cleomedes, i. 480.
jansoni, i. 480.
Jansont, i. 479,
lagus, i. 480.
ARTEUROTIA, ii. 856.
Arteurotia, ii. 357, 865, 367.
biternata, ii. 365, 366.
bromias, ii. 370.
—— bufonia, ii. 366.
cambyses, 11. 374,
meno, li, 372,
tractipennis, ii. 857.
tractipennis, ii. 856.
ARTINES, ii. 608.
Artines, ii. 548, 549, 579.
epitus, ii. 608, 609.
atizies, ii. 608.
atiztes, ii. 609.
Asticopterus ozias, ii. 612.

\ Astyochia crane, i, 408.

ATALOPEDES, ii. 478.
Atalopedes, ii. 462, 480.
campestris, ii. 479.
huron, 1. 479.
ATARNES, ii. 443.

'-—— sallei, ii. 443,

ATE, ii. 401.

amaryllis, ii. 402.
fabricit, ii, 402.
jovianus, ii, 402.
—— jovianus, 11. 403.
lagia, ii. 401, 402.

—— lerina, ii. 401.

proxenus, ii. 401.

proxenus, ii, 402, 403,

—— pteras, ii. 401.

Atlides atys, ii, 21.

dolichos, ii. 18.

halesus, ii. 18.

ATRYTONF, il. 489.

Atrytone, ii. 462, 468, 487, 488, 497,
579, 582,

delaware, 11. 490.

delaware, ti. 489.

gala, 11. 495.

helva, ii. 494.

helva, ii. 4938.

hobomok, ii. 490, 491.

inimica, li. 496.

iminuca, 11. 497.

logan, ii. 490.

—— melane, ii. 494,

—— melane, ii. 488, 495.

—— mella, ii. 492.

—— mella, ii. 489, 493.

mellona, ii, 49:3.

mellona, ii. 489.

—— monticola, ii. 495,

- monticola, ii. 496.
—— myron, ii. 493.
myron, ii. 490, 494, 497.
niveolimbus, ii. 496.
perfida, ii. 490, 491, 492.
rolla, ii. 491.
rolla, ii. 490, 497.
vitellius, ii, 492,
vitellius, ii. 490.
zabulon, ii. 490,

—— zabulon, ii. 491, 492, 495.
ATRYTONOPSIS, ii. 497.
Atrytonopsis, ri. 499, 553.
deva, ii, 498,

hianna, ii. 498.

—— pittacus, ii. 498.

pittacus ,ii. 499.

python, ii. 499.

AUGIADES, ii, 484.
Augiades, ii, 462.
hecale, ii. 484.
heras, ii. 484,
—— sylvanus, ii. 484.
AZONAX, ii. 267,
—— typhaon, ii. 267.

Boris, 1. 452 ; ii. 706.
Beotis, i. 424, 448.

barce, i. 424.

barsanes, 1. 424.

Jelix, ii. 706.

—— quadrinotata, i. 424.
neseea, 11, 706.

——— zonata, i. 453; ii. 706.
zonata, 1. 452.
Barbicornis, i. 408.
Baroni, ii. 7380.
brevicornis, ii. 730.
Batesia, 1. 274, 275.

Biblis aganisa, i. 276.
Bithys azurinus, ii. 45,
hesperitis, li. 72.
tephreus, ii. 51.

thara, i. 30.

Beotis, i, 452.
BoLBoONEURA, i. 237 ; 11. 686.
sylphis, 1. 237 ; 11. 686.
_ Brachyglenis esthema, i. 404.
Brangas caranus, ii. 24.
thrasyllus, ii. 49.
BRASsOLin», i. 122.
Brasso is, 1. 124.
Brassolis, i, 122, 1238.
ampharhoe, i. 129.
astyra, i. 124, 125.
invire, i. 127.
isthmia, 1. 125.

—— isthmia, i. 124.
macrosiris, 1. 124,
sophore, i. 124, 125.
strix, i. 123, 124.
Brephidium exilis, ii. 109.

Brontiades petrus, ii. 445, 446.

Bulboneura sylphis, ii. 686.
BUNGALOTIS, ii. 323, 736.
—— astylos, ii. 324,
astylos, ii. 736.
dexo, ii. 326.
erythus, ii. 326.
heras, ii. 825, 737.
—— midas, ii. 324, 736.
—— midas, ii. 323.
ramusis, ii. 325.
salatis, ii. 326.

INDEX.

Bungalotis salatis, ii. 327.
sebrus, ii. 827.
Borireta, ii. 463.

Butleria, ii. 462, 465, 466, 471, 508,

598, 601.

agathocles, ii. 465.
—— anomala, 11. 464.
brunnea, 11. 465.
ceracates, li. 464.
— cupavia, ii. 466.
dolabella, ii. 465.
eptphaneus, ii. 4638.
eryonas, il. 465,
eryonas, ii. 466.
—— faula, ii. 466.
Jimbriola, ii. 465.
—— lalage, il. 466.
leucosptla, ii. 464.
microsticta, ii. 464.
octomaculata, ii. 466.
pulchra, ii. 465.
valdivianus, ii, 463.
Buzyg@ss, ii. 497.
idothea, ii. 497,
Bythis phrutus, ii. 88.
simaethis, ii. 81.

CaBARES, li. 337.
enops, li. 338.
potrillo, ii. 337.
potrillo, ii. 338.
Cacrra, i. 342.
Cecna, il. 348.
calanus, 11. 343.
calathana, ii. 343.
Cmrois, i. 62; ii. 649.
Cerois, 11, 650.
chorineus, ii, 650.
gertrudtus, i, 62; ii. 649.
Caigo, i. 180; 11. 665.

Caligo, i, 122, 125, 181, 134, 136.

@sacus, 1. 137.

ajax, 1. 135.

atreus, 1. 135; ii. 666.
——. atreus, 1. 136.
automedon, i. 137.
botsduvalt, i. 126.
—— bubocula, i. 188.

—— dentina, i. 135.
eurylochus, i. 131; ii. 665.
eurylochus, i. 130, 132.
Sabricii, i. 127.

gaiba, i. 131, 182.
—— ilioneus, i. 133.
iHoneus, i, 180.

livius, ii. 665.

Caliyo martia, i. 131.

memmnon, i. 180, 134.
—— oberthiiri, i. 131.

—— oileus, i. 182; 11. 665,
—— oileus, i. 180.

——- prometheus, i. 134.
tamarindt, i. 128.
—— taramela, i. 133.
telamonius, i. 134,
teucer, 1. 183, 184.
uranus, i. 136; i. 666,
uranus, 1. 180, 135.
Cailianira alemena, i. 224. .
CALLICoR, i. 254; 11. 687.

memnon, i. 133; i. 666.

747

Callicore, i. 188, 252, 258, 255, 257.

anna, i. 255; 11. 688. _
—— anna, 1. 256.

—— astala, i. 254; ii. €87.
—— astala, i. 255.

asteria, il. 687.
beleses, ii. 688.
clymena, i. 257.
cornelia, 1. 254, 255.
—— eucleides, i. 256.
eupepla, 1. 256.
eupepla, 1. 254.
gabaza, 1. 255, 256.
—— marchalii, i. 256.
—— marchali, ii. 688.
metiscus, 1. 256.
neglecta, i. 256.

—— neglecta, 1. 257.
phlogea, i. 256,
CALLIDRYAS, ii. 189, 726.

Callidryus, i. 258; ii. 186, 140, 142,

146, 223.

agarithe, ii. 144, 145.
argante, ii. 144.
avellaneda, ii. 141.
boisduvali, ii. 147, 148.
—— drya, ii. 141,

eubule, ii. 141.

eubule, ii. 140, 147.
herstlia, ii. 144,

jada, ii. 147, 148.
minuscula, ii. 144, 145.
nelets, ii. 147,

—— philea, ii. 140, 726.
—— philea, ii. 141, 145, 146.
rurina, ii. 148,

senna, ii. 141.

statira, 11. 147.
thalestris, ii. 141.
trite, ii. 189, 146.
virgo, ii. 143.

—— yamana, ii. 141, 142.

748

CaLLImMorMvs, ii. 603.
Calmormus, ii. 468, 578, 598, 598,
606.
corades, ii. 605.
-—— corades, ii. 608.
— filata, ii. 604.
gracilis, ii. 605.
gracihs, ii, 576, 603, 604.
Juventus, ii. 604.
Juventus, ii. 603, 605.
omadius, 1i 576, 603.
CALLIT@RA, i. 63; ii. 650.
Calhitera, i. 65.
andromeda, i. 64.
aurora, i, 63, 64.
esmeralda, i. 64.
menander, i. 63; ii. 650.
-—— menander, i. 64.
—— philis, i. 64.
polita, i. 64; ii. 650,
polita, i. 63.
Callithea, i. 828.
CALLITHOMIA, i. 31; ii. 644.
Callithomia, i. 38, 49.
beronilla, i. 82.
hedila, i, 32; ii. 644.
hedila, i. 31.
—— hezia, i. 31; ii. 644.
—— hezia, i, 32, 188, 402.
—— megaleas, ii. 645.
—— panamensis, i. 32.
panamensis, i. 31, 48.
—— phagesia, i. 31.
tridactyla, i. 31.
CaLLizona, i. 268; ii. 689.
Callizona, i. 264, 265.
acesta, i. 264; ii. 689.
acesta, 1. 263, 266.
OALLOLERIA, i. 88; ii. 645.
Calloleria, i. 34.
azara, 1. 85; ii. 645,
azara, 1. 34.
—— tutia, i. 34.
—— tutia, i, 35.
CALPODES, ii. 506.

Calpodes, ii. 461, 463, 512, 513, 515, —

517.
——- ares, ii. 506, 510.
coscinia, ii. 510.
epitus, ii. 506, 514.
—— ethlius, ii. 507.
—— ethlius, ii. 506,
evadnes, ii. 506, 508.
nero, i. 506, 509.
ocola, ii. 506, 511.
—— orchamus, ii. 506, 517. -
CaLYDNA, i. 433 ; ii. 703.

INDEX.

Calydna hegias, i. 434; ii. 703.
hegias, i. 433.
hiria, i. 434,
sinuata, i. 434.
sternula, i, 434.
venusta, i. 4383; ii. 7038.
CaMPTOPLEURA, ii. 421.
Camptopleura, ii. 855, 422, 428, 424.
-—— theramenes, ii. 421.
—— theramenes, ii. 422.
thrasybulus, ii. 422.
thrasybulus, ii. 421, 423.
tisias, ii, 423.
Carcharodus, ii, 452.
lavatere, ii. 452.
mazans, ii. 635, 740,
Carta, i. 447 ; ii. 705.
Caria, i. 415, 449, 450.
amazonica, i, 448.
—— domitiana, i. 448.
domitiana, i. 449.
galbula, i. 449.
—— harmonia, i. 449.
ino, i. 449; ii, 705.
lampeto, i. 448.
lampeto, i, 447.
melicerta, ii. 705.
rhacotis, i. 449; ii. 706.
Caristus basochesit, ii. 611.
CARRHENES, ii. 388, 739.
Carrhenes, ii. 390.
calidius, ii. 889.
—— callipetes, ii. 390.
callipetes, ii. 391.
canescens, ii. 391.
canescens, ii. 389, 390.
cheremon, ii. 390.
fuscescens, ii. 389, 739.
Suscescens, ii. 390.
leada, ii. 391.
——— meridensis, ii. 390.
—— meridensis, ii. 389.
Carterocephalus, ii. 466.
CARYSTOIDES, ii. 611.
Carystoides, ii. 463, 614, 616.
basochesi, ii. 611.
CaRYSTUS, ii, 582.
Carystus, ii. 463, 534, 585, 587, 588
589, 591, 598, 611, 616.
abalus, ii. 609.
— abebalus, ii. 586.
alus, li. 582,
argus, il. 534, 585.
artona, ii. 586.
aurelius, ii. 585.
balteatus, ii. 592.
—— bursa, ti. 584,

Carystus canente, ii, 528,
claudianus, ii. 583.

—— claudianus, ii. 582, 584, 612.

—— cocalus, ii. 580.
—— coryna, ii, 587.
coryna, ii. 583.

—— cynaxa, ii, 584,

—— cynaza, ii. 582.

—— cynisca, ii. 622.
deceptus, ii. 624,
diversus, ii. 5865.
diversus, ii. 583.

—— dyscritus, ii. 537, 588.
ebusa, ii. 584.
eptcincea, ii. 808.

—— epidius, ii. 578, 579.
erebina, ii. 530, 581, 582..
fantasos, ii. 586.
gemmatus, ii. 592, 598.
hebon, ii, 617.

—— mfuscatus, ii. 560.
—— jabesa, ii. 589.
Jeconia, ii. 609.

Jolus, 11. 583, 584.
kasus, ii. 532.

—— me@on, ii. 585.

marcus, li. 584.

—— marcus, ii. 585, 586,
maroma, ii. 614,

ozota, ii. 588, 589,
—— phyllus, ii. 590.
placens, ii. 627.
propertius, ii. 528.
tersa, 11. 582.

Casyapa, ii. 270.
CaTaGRamMMa, i. 257; ii. 688.
Catagramma, i. 328.

egina, i. 259.

—— erias, i. 259.

anna, i, 255.

astala, 1. 254.
atacama, i. 258.
atacama, i. 259.

—— bugaba, i. 261.

casta, i. 262.

ceryx, i, 252.

—— denina, i. 260; ii. 688.
denina, i. 261.
faustina, i. 258,

—— guatemalena, i. 260.

——— lyca, i. 258 ; ii. 688.
lyca, i. 259,
maimuna, i. 261,
—— marchaliz, i. 256.
—— mionina, i, 259,
pacifica, i. 261.
—— pacrfica, i. 260.

Catagramma patelina, i. 262.
phytas, i. 256.

—— pitheas, i. 263.

-—— pitheas, i. 257.

~ rutila, i. 262.

salamis, i. 259.

—— titania, i. 261; ii. 688.
—— titania, i. 262.

~-~—— tolima, i. 260.

tolima, i. 261.
Catagrammina, i. 452.
CaTAsTICTA, ii. 116, 724.

Catasticta, ii. 118, 122, 124, 125.

actinotis, ii. 122.
arechiza, ii. 117.

—— bithys, ii. 117.
—— bryson, ii. 118.
cerberus, ti. 120.

flisa, ii. 117.
Jusa, ii. 121.
—— hegemon, ii. 120.
nimbice, ii. 118, 724.
—— nimbiee, ii. 119.

—— ochracea, ii. 118.
ochracea, ii. 119.
'—— potamea, ii. 122.
—— sisamnus, ii. 119..
stsamnus, ii. 120.
—— teutila, ii. 121.
teutila, ii. 116.
—— theresa, ii. 119.
Catt, ii. 481.

Catia, ii. 462.
— druryi, ii. 482.
—— druryt, ii. 481, 488.
ravola, ii. 482.
Catonephele, i. 240.
Catopsilia, ii. 140.
lyside, ii. 150.
Cecrops, ii. 327.
festus, ii. 331.

neis, li, 328.

zarex, li. 330.
CECROPTERUS, ii. 327, 737.
aunus, li, 330.
aunus, ii. 327, 328, 329.
capys, ii. 330.
— cinctus, ii. 329.
cinctus, ii, 328.
—— dhega, ii. 635, 737.
neis, ii. 328, 737.
neis, ii, 329, 330, 635.
— vectilucis, ii. 329.
vectilucis, ii. 330.
—— zarex, ii, 327.
CELZNORRBHINUS, ii. 381, 738.
Celenorrhinus, ii. 382, 383.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., Noveméer 1901.

INDEX.

Celenorrhinus chamunda, ii. 382.
chiriquensis, ii. 383.
eligius, 1i. 382.

—— eligius, ii, 388, 384.
fritzgaertneri, 11. 738.
—— pheomelas, ii. 563.
variegatus, ii. 383.
variegatus, ii. 635, 738, 739,
CELOTES, ii. 452.

—— nessus, ii, 452.

nessus, li, 453.
CERATINIA, i. 22; ii, 643.
Ceratinia, i. 23; ii. 178.
boucardi, i. 48,
eallispila, i. 25; ii. 643.
cleis, i. 28; ii. 648.
clers, i. 24, 26, 48.
decumana, i. 23; ii. 643.
dionea, 1. 24; ii, 648.
dionea, 1. 25.

excelsa, i. 23.

fenestella, i. 24; ii. 648.
Fenestella, i. 25.

—— hlugit, i. 28.

leucania, i. 25; ii. 643.
—— lycaste, i. 48.

—— megalopolis, i. 23.

—— megalopolis, i, 24,
mergelena, i. 24,
mylassa, i, 23, 24.
Ceratonia stella, i. 26.
Cethosia aliphera, i. 163.
bonpland, i. 182.

vibilea, i. 162.
CHHREPHON, ii. 474.
Cherephon, ii. 462.

citrus, ii. 475,

citrus, ii. 474, 556.
rbesus, ii. 475.

rhesus, ii. 474,
Chetoneura, ii. 409.
hippalus, ii. 409.

—— sataspes, 11. 409.
Chalybs telemus, ii. 14.
CHAMZLIMNAS, i. 406.
Chamelimnas, i, 407.

briola, i. 406.

—— phenias, i. 406.
villagomes, i. 406.
Charaxes, i. 325.

CuHanris, i. 427 ; ii. 703.
Charis, i. 428, 481, 447, 452, 453.
argyrea, i. 429,
argyrodines, 1. 430.
argyrodines, 1. 427, 431.
—— australis, i. 430.

avius, i. 428.

Charis avius, i. 429,

cadmeis, i. 427,
cadmeis, i. 458.

centus, i. 430, 431.
crocea, i. 431.

crocea, 1. 432.
guadeloupe, i. 430.
hermodora, i. 429.

—— hermodora, i. 428, 480.
holosticta, i. 481; ii. 703.
holosticta, i. 427.

iris, i. 429,

ards, 1. 428,

laverna, i. 480; ii. 703.
—— hobna, i. 458.

——— macularia, i. 432.
occidentalis, i. 431.
ochreas, i. 432.

ochrias, i. 432.

perone, i, 431, 432.

—— peeciloptera, i. 432.
sulphurea, i. 432; ii. 703.
velutina, i. 428; ii. 703.
victriz, i, 454,
zama, 1. 428; ii. 703.
sama, 1. 427,
CHIMASTRUM, i. 407.
argenteum, i. 408.
CHIOMARA, ii, 4538, 741.
asychis, 11. 453, 741.
asychis, ii. 635.

gesta, 11, 455,

gesta, i. 453.

—— mithrax, ii. 454.
mithrax, ii. 453.
CHLORIPPE, i. 312; ii. 693,
Chlorippe, i. 318, 318, 319.
agathina, i. 314.

— burmeistert, i. 317.

—— callianira, i. 314; ii. 693.
—— cherubina, i. 318; ii. 693.
cherubina, i. 314.

—— clothilda, i. 313.
celothilda, i. 314, 317.
—— cyane, i. 317.

cyane, i. 312, 318, 314, 31.
druryt, i. 316.

—— elis, i. 314,

felderi, i. 318.

JSeldert, i, 314,

griseldis, i. 316.

laura, i. 315.

— laure, i. 315; ii. 693.
laure, i. 312, 316.

linda, i. 316.

linda, i, 317.

—— mentas, 1. 315, 317, 318,

750

Chlorippe pavonii, i. 315; 11. 693.
plesaurina, i. 317.
seraphina, i. 318.
vacuna, i. 312, 318, 314.
zunilda, i, 312, 313.
Chlosyne, i. 176.

adjutrix, i. 177.

brunhilda, ii. 673.

—— erodyle, i. 180.

—— gaudialis, i. 182.

—— hippodrome, i. 179; ii. 672.

—— janais, i. 178.

lacinia, i. 176.

narva, i, 182.

—— peecile, ti, 672.

saunders, li. 671.

Choridis peridia, i. 26.

CHRYSOPHANDS, ii. 101.

Chrysophanus, i. 469.

—— nats, i. 469.

—— (?) pyrrhias, ii. 101.

virginiensis, ii. 101.

CHRYSOPLECTRUM, ii. 302.

otriades, ii. 303.

—— perniciosum, ii. 303.

Cithervas, i. 68.

polita, ii. 650.

CLOTHILDA, i. 172.

Clothilda, i. 1738.

euryale, i. 173.

euryale, i, 174.

insignis, i. 174,

thirza, 1. 173.

Coatlantona, i. 176.

CoBALOPSIS, li. 587,

—— dyscritus, ii. 538.

—— dyscritus, ii. 575.

edda, ii. 537.

edda, ii. 538.

CoBALUS, ii. 534.

Cobalus, ii. 463, 529, 537, 588
540, 544, 558, 559, 562, 571, 582
594.

argus, 11, 535.

argus, ii. 584, 536.

canne, li. 586.

—— canna, ii. 534.

catocala, ii. 574.

—— chrysophrys, 11. 566, 568.

cingulicorms, i. 544, 545,

decora, ii. 577.

decrepida, ii. 605.

diversa, ii. 585.

—- fidicula, i. 535.

—— fidicula, i. 584.

—— gabina, li. 585.

—— hypargyra, ii, 587, 588,

INDEX.

Cobalus illudens, ii. 570.
ludens, ii. 606, 607.
— lutulenta, ii. 594, 595.
mareus, ii. 584.
nigritulus, ii. 565, 566.
percosius, ii. 536.
—— philemon, ii. 599.
—— philippina, ii. 510.
pica, 11. 590, 591.

—— quadratus, ii. 6138.
remus, li. 543.

telata, ii, 574.

—— triangularis, ii. 589.
tripunctus, ii. 542, 550, 504.
umber, ii. 547, 560.
virbius, ii, 584, 535.
vopiscus, 11. 543.

—— warra, ii. 537.
CoccEIvs, ii. 336.

drusius, ii. 336.
pylades, ii. 336.

CoEA, i. 325; ii. 695.

Coea, 1. 327.

cadmus, i. 326; i1. 695,
cadmus, i. 825, 327.
CLIADES, ii. 591.
Celhades, ii. 463, 592, 627.
—— dubius, ii. 591, 592.
fiscella, ii. 592.

—— fiscella, ii. 591.

Coata, li. 838, 737.

Cogia, 11. 389, 341, 364.
cajeta, ii. 339.

cajeta, ii. 340.

— calchas, ii. 340.
calchas, ii. 335, 339, 364,
eluina, ii. 339, 737.
eluina, li. 340.

hassan, 1. 338, 339.
hippalus, ii. 340, 737.
hippalus, i. 339.
CoLmnis, i. 167 ; ii. 670.
Colenis, i. 166, 169, 183.
aliphera, i. 168.
cillene, 1. 168, 169.
delila, i. 168 ; 11. 670.
delila, i. 163, 169, 185.
—— dido, i. 166; ii. 670.
—— julia, i. 167, 168, 169.
—— pheerusa, i. 167 ; ii. 670.
vibtlia, 1. 162.

Corzas, ii. 151, 727.

Colias, ii, 152, 153.

—— ariadne, ii. 152.

—— cerbera, ii. 153.

—— cesonia, ii, 153, 727.
—— cesonia, ii. 151, 154.

Colias chrysotheme, ii. 151.
- clorinde, ii. 148.
eurydice, ii. 153.
eurytheme, ii. 151, 152.
euterpe, ii. 162.
keewaydin, ii. 152.
lyside, ii. 150.

—— philippa, ii. 158.
—— philodice, ii. 152.
—— philodice, ii. 151.
therams, ii. 153.
Colobura dirce, 1. 265.
Compsoterta, i. 374. .
CopZ0DEs, ii. 478.
Copeodes, ii. 462.

—— aurantiaca, il. 473.
candida, ii. 473.
myrtis, i. 471, 472.
—— nanus, ii. 473.

—— wrightii, ti. 473.
CREMNA, i. 887; ii. 701.
Cremna, i. 862, 374.
-—— actoris, i. 388.
crebrenia, 1. 388.
eucharila, i. 387.
—— eucharila, i. 388,
— phryzxe, i. 388.
—— umbra, i. 388; ii. 701.
—— umobra, i. 387.
Cricosoma, i. 419.
Cricosoma, i. 414, 421.
phedra, i. 420.
—— xypete, 1. 420.
—— xrypete, 1. 431.
Cupido, ii. 1.

Curetis, ii. 2.

Cyaniris piasus, ii. 105.
Cybdelis, i. 252.

—- bacchis, 1. 258.
earesa, i, 224,
eyanecula, i. 232,
eyaniris, i, 230.
ethusa, i. 232.

—— lycopsis, i. 233.

CYCLOGRAMMA, i. 252; ii. 687. —

Cyclogramma, 1. 215, 254,
— bacchis, i. 253; ii. 687.

pandama, i. 258; ii. 687.
Cyclopides ceracates, ii. 464.
dardaris, ii. 466, 467.
eryonas, ii. 465.

—— gyrans, ii, 636.
CycLosaMiIA, ii. 375, 738.
Cyclosemia, ii. 365.
anastomosis, 11. 376, 738.
anastomosis, 11, 635,

bimaculata, i. 258 ; ii. 687.

Cyclosemia gratiosa, ii. 635, 738.
phidyle, ii. 376.
Cyclosemia gratiosa, i. 738.
Cycnus phaleros, ii. 22.
Cyprvs, ii. 512.

nevolus, ii. 513.
Cyllopsis, i. 74.

hedemanni, i. 98, 94.
CyM2NgEs, ii, 594,

Cymenes, ii. 463, 597.

—— berus, ii. 596.

berus, ii. 597.

lutulenta, ii. 595.

—— lutulenta, ii. 596.

— malitiosa, li. 595.

—— malitiosa, ii. 596, 597.
pericles, ii. 594.

silius, ii. 596.

—— silius, 11. 595, 597,
syraces, 11. 595.
Cymatogramma, i. 355.
echemus, i. 358.

Cynthia hampstediensis, ii, 684.
—— kershawii, i. 218.
CyrEnia, i. 400.

Cyrenia, i; 878, 401.

martia, i. 400, 401.

—— pyrippe, i. 401.
CySTINEURA, i. 277; 11. 690.
Cystineura, 1. 278.

amymone, i. 278; ii. 690.
amymone, i. 277.

dorcas, i. 277, 278 ; ii. 690.

Dedalma, i. 110.

Damas, ii. 621,

clavus, ii. 621.
Danatna, i. 1.

Danain@, i. 1.

Danais, i. 1; ii. 638.
Danais, i. 3, 4, 5, 7.
archippus, i. 1, 2.
berenice, i. 33 ii. 638.
—— cleothera, i. 3; ii. 638.
eresimus, ii. 638.
eresimus, i. 3,

erippus, i. 2.

gilippus, i. 4,

—— jamaicensis, i. 2.
—— plexippus, i. 1; ii, 638.
—— plexippus, i. 2.
strigosa, i. 3, 4.

—— thersippus, i. 3, 4.
DaPptonouRA, ii, 138, 726.
Daptonoura, ii. 128.
chiricana, ii. 138.
—— florinda, ii. 138,

INDEX.

Duptonoura florinda, ii. 139.
isandra, ii. 139, 726.
— monstrosa, ii, 138, 189.
—— panamensis, 11. 1388.
punamensis, ii. 139.

, Var. anceps, 11. 138.
, var. chagris, ii. 138.
Daptonura florinda, ii. 138.

isandra, ii. 139.
Debis marpessa, i. 99.
Desmozona ascolides, i. 475, 476.
Dizvs, ii. 4138.

laceena, ii. 414.
variegatus, ii, 414,
Dicranaspis, \i. 301.
Divonis, i. 275; ii. 690.
Didonis, i. 276, 277.

——- aganisa, 1. 276; ii. 690.
aganisa, i. 277.
aganissa, 1. 276.

——- biblis, 1. 277; ii. 690.
biblis, i. 276.

—— pasira, i. 277.

Dron, ii. 592.

—— gemmatus, li. 593.
gemmatus, 11, 592.
Dione, i. 169.

-—— juno, i. 170.

——— moneta, i. 170.
poeyit, i. 170, 171.
vanille, 1. 171, 172.
Diophthalma lagora, i. 385.
lamachus, 1. 880.
telegone, 1. 379.
DioRHrna, i. 390; ii. 701.
Diorhina, i. 389, 394.
butes, i. 891; 11. 701.
butes, i, 390, 392.
—— dysoni, i. 391.
periander, i. 390.
periander, i. 391.
psecas, i. 391.

—— thia, i. 391, 392.
Diorina, i. 390.
DIPHORIDAS, il. 423.
Diphoridas, ii, 424.
palpalis, ii. 424.
palpals, ii. 423.

—— phalenoides, ii. 423.
—— phalenoides, ii. 424.
DircENna, i. 28; il. 644.
Dircenna, i. 33, 50.
callipero, i. 38.

-—— euchytma, i. 30; ii. G44.
klugi, i. 23; ii. 644.
—— klugt, i. 29.

, var. monstrosa, ii. 188.

|
reba
~~

Dircenna lonera, i. 30.

—— olyras, i. 29.

olyras, i. 30.

relata, i. 29; ii. G44.

relata, i. 28, 30.

venos, i, 50.

Dis, ii. 267, 269.

—— annulatus, li. 267, 268.

DisMorRPHIA, il. 174.

Dismorphia, ii. 118, 173, 175, 177,
179, 187, 188.

amalwa, i. 727.

amphione, 11. 175, 176.

arsinovdes, ii. 175,

—— citrinella, ii. 183.

—— cordillera, ii. 178, 179. _

—— cornelia, it. 727. °

deione, ii. 186, 187.

—— fortunata, ii. 177.

Sortunata, ti, 175.

hagaresa, ii. 186, 187.

lubina, ii. 184, 185.

—— lunina, ii, 184, 185,

—— medora, ii, 177.

—— medor«, ii. 175.

—— mpyris, ii. 178.

myrits, it, 175, 179.

—— nehemia, ii. 187, 188.

—— nemesis, ii. 179, 727.

—— othvé, ii. 176.

—— puallidala, i. 176,

—— pallidula, ii, 175.

praxinoe, il. 175.

praxinoe, ii. 174, 176,

ribbei, ii. 178.

ribbet, ii. 175, 177.

sorurna, it. 178.

sororna, ii. 175, 179.

—— theunve, ii. 178.

—— virgo, ii, 184.

viridifascia, ii. 180.

DisMORPHINA, li. 178.

DosBerss, 11. 407, 740.

hewitsonius, ii. 740.

mexicanus, ii, 407.

mericanus, li, 408, 635, 740.

Dodona, i. 362.

Doxocopa, i. 318; 11. 698.

Doxocopa, i. 319.

argus, i. 319; i, 693.

—— celtis, ii. 693.

—— celtis, 11. 694.

clyton, i. 319.

—— idyja, i. 319.

leilia, i. 319; ii. 694.

DrReEPHALYS, 11. 349.

——-~ helixus, ii, 349.

5p 2

702

Drvcina, i. 112; ii. 668.
Drueina, i, 111.

championi, i. 113; ii. 663.
leonata, i. 112; ii. 663.
leonata, i, 118.

Dryas, i, 408.

Dynamine, i. 244, 245.
dyonis, i. 250.
Dynastor, i. 122; ii. 664.
Dynastor, i. 128, 124, 126.
darius, i. 123; ii. 664.
darius, i, 122, 124.
macrosiris, i. 122, 123.
napoleon, i. 122, 123.
strix, i. 123.

—— strix, i. 122, 124.
stygranus, i. 123.
Dynothea, i. 48.
DyscoPHELLUs, ii. 319.
Dyscophellus, ii. 320.
doriscus, ii. 319.
doriscus, ii. 820, 321.
poreius, ii. 820.
Dyscophus, ii. 319.

—— doriscus, ii. 319.
Dysenius, ii, 292, 295.
allncilla, ii. 296.
cruentus, ii. 296.
Dysmathia, i. 415.

Eantis, ii. 404, 740.
Eantis, ii. 407.

— busiris, ii. 404.

—— busirus, ii. 404, 740.
— busirus, ii. 405, 406, 407, 408.
—— pallida, ii. 406.

—— pallida, ii. 404.

-—— thraso, ii. 405, 740.
—. thraso, ii. 404.
EsRiIeras, ii. 418, 740.
LEbrietas, ii. 417.
anacreon, ii. 419.
anacreon, ii. 418, 420.
ecliptica, ii, 420.
ecliptica, ii. 418.
—— (?) impressa, ii, 421.
(?) empressa, ii, 418,
osyris, ii. 419, 740.
osyris, ii. 418, 420.
ECHELATUS, ii. 378, 738.
eugramia, ii. 380.
luctuosus, ii. 379.
sempiternus, ii. 380.
sempiternus, li. 379.
—— varius, ii. 379, 738.
——- varius, ii. 380.
Echenais, i. 453.

INDEX.

Echenats leucophea, i. 460.
trotschi, ii. 707.
Ectima, i. 266.

Ectima, i. 267,

liria, i. 266, 267.
rectifascia, i. 266.

‘Emusts, i. 441; ii, 704,
Fimesis, i, 442, 443, 444, 447;

ii. 705.
—— ethalia, i. 442.
—— ethalia, i. 441.
—— aurelia, i. 444.
aurimna, 1. 446.
aurimna, i. 447; ii. 705.
brimo, ii. 704.
clearista, i. 472.
cleis, i. 445,
cypria, i. 445; ii. 705.
cypria, i. 446.
diogenia, i. 444,
—— fastidiosa, ii. 705.
Jastidiosa, i. 446, 447.
—— fatimella, i. 442.
Satimella, i. 441, 444.
Juror, i. 448,
rata, i. 419,
lacrines, i. 445.
——-- liodes, i. 447 ; ii. 7085.
lucinda, 1. 441, 446.
lupina, i. 444.
—— lupina, ii. 704,
—— mandana, i. 443 ; ii. 704.
mandana, i. 445,
olive, i. 442.
paphia, i. 446.
paphea, ii. 705.
—— peas, ii. 704.
—— saturata, i. 447.
saturata, ui. 705.
tegula, i. 444; ii. 708.
tenedia, i. 443; ii. 704.
tenedia, i. 441, 442, 444,
vulpina, i. 444; ii. 704.
zela, i. 444; ii. 705.
—— zela, i. 441, 442, 445.
Enantta, ii. 181, 727.
Enantia, ti, 174.
albania, ii. 188, 727.
—— albania, ii. 181, 182.
——- eitrinella, ii. 1838.
—— cornelia, ii. 182.
eritumedia, ii, 185.
—— eritomedia, ii. 181.
—— deione, ii. 186.

—— eunoe, ii. 187.
—— eunoe, ii. 181.

deione, ii. 128, 181, 182, 187.

Enantia euryope, ii. 186.
euryope, ii, 181.

jethys, ii. 182.

gethys, ii. 181, 188, 727.
kollart, ii. 184.

—— licinia, ii. 184.

—— marion, ii. 184.

—— marion, ii. 181.

—— mercenaria, ii. 183.
—— mercenaria, ii. 181, 184.
— oreas, ii. 186.

oreas, ii. 181.

virgo, li. 184.

virgo, li. 181, 185, 186.
Endymion regalis, ii, 12.
Enoszis, ii. 610.

Enosis, ii. 4638,

quadrinotata, ii. 610.
ENTHEUDS, ii. 858.

Entheus, ii, 354.

gentius, ii. 354.

lemna, ii. 854,
marshall, ii. 352, 358.
— matho, ii. 355.

peleus, ii. 354.

peleus, li. 853, 355.
priassus, li. 354,

talaus, ii. 354, 3565.
EPARGYREUS, ii, 299, 734.
Epargyreus, ii. 287, 296, 300.
asander, ii. 800.
asander, ii. 301.

——- exadeus, ii. 299, 734.
exadeus, ii. 300, 301, 362.
—— gaumeri, ii. 3800.
gaumeri, ii, 299.

—— nero, ii. 509.

orizaba, li, 635, 734.
talus, ii. 288.

—— tityrus, ii. 299, 300.
Eprvs, ii. 601.

Epeus, ii. 564, 602, 608, 741.
veleda, ii. 601.

veleda, ii. 602, 741.
Ephyriades, ii. 337, 338, 453.
asychis, ii. 453.

—- emorsa, 11. 413.

——— hyalophora, ii. 415.
lacena, ii. 414.

polyctor, ii. 373.

—— varregata, ii. 414.
rantholeuce, ii. 393.
Epica, i. 240; ii. 686.
Epicalia, i, 211, 230, 241, 243.
acontius, i, 241.
acontius, i. 240.

—— aglaura, i. 244; ii. 686.

Epicalia ancea, i, 244,
antinoe, i. 241.

—— chromis, i. 243 ; ii. 686,

chromis, i. 240, 242.
—— esite, i, 241; ii. 686.
esite, 1, 242.

—— numilia, i. 242.

—— nyctimus, i. 242; 11. 686.

nyctimus, i. 241, 243.
obrinus, 1. 244.
penthia, i. 242.
pterretit, i. 243.
salacia, i. 242, 248.
salambria, i. 248.
Eptputie, i. 238; il. 685

Eniphile, i. 228, 280, 284, 236,

238.

adrasta, 1. 235.
chrysites, i. 285, 236.
—— epicaste, 1. 236.
erlopis, i. 235.

—— erlopis, i. 233.

—— grandis, i. 235,
—— tblis, 1. 236.

—— orea, i, 235, 236.
—— plusios, i. 236.
—— plutonia, i, 235.
—— plutonia, i. 236.
EpiscaDa, i. 40; ii. 646.
—— apuleia, 1. 41.
apuleia, i. 42.

salvinia,i. 42, 43.
EprrHoia, i. 32.
Epithomaa, i. 34.
callipero, i. 33.
Eprios, ii. 741.
veleda, ii. 741.
ERACON, ii. 365.

—— biternata, ii. 366.
biternata, ii. 365.
Erebia, i. 102.
ErgstA, i. 183; ii. 673.

Eresia, i. 187, 188, 190, 401;

ii. 178, 674.

alsina, i. 186; i. 674.
. alsina, i. 188, 187.
anteta, i. 197.
archesilea, 1. 203.
—— ardys, i. 204.

——— aveyrona, i. 185.
cincta, i. 197.

clara, i. 189; ii. 674.
—— ceela, i. 187.

cela, i. 188.

—— dismorphina, i. 186, 187.

adrasta, 1. 234; ii, 686.

salvinia, i. 41 ; 11. 646.

INDEX.

Eresia drypetis, i. 184.
elada, i. 196.
emerantia, i. 188.

—— eranites, i. 185; ii. 673.
—— eranites, i. 188.

eunice, i. 183, 184.
eutropia, 1. 187.

—— ezortas, i, 185, 186.
—— ezra, i. 192.

genigueh, i. 204.
graphica, i. 195.

—— gyges, i. 2038.

hermas, i. 204.
ithomiordes, i. 188.
leucodesma, i. 197.

—— mechanitis, 1. 183.
—— mechanitis, i. 165, 184.
—— myia, i. 188; ii. 674.
—— myia, i. 183, 189.

nauplia, i. 189.
nigripennis, i. 186.

nigrepennis, i. 163, 187; ii. 123.

obscurata, i. 206, 207.
— ofella, i. 189; ii. 674.
— ofella, i. 183, 188.
—— olivencia, i. 184.
—— otanes, i. 208.

—— paillescens, i. 195.

—— phillyra, i. 185; ii. 674.

—— phillyra, i. 186, 187.
—— peecilina, i. 188.
—— pecilina, 1. 402.
polina, 1. 209.
smerdis, i. 200, 201.
socta, i. 196.

sydra, 1. 209.
yorita, i. 192.
Eribeea, i. 327,

Eropus, ii. 428.

—— egides, ii. 428.
Erycides, ii. 292.
albicilla, 11. 296.
—— araxes, li. 252.
corytas, ii. 290.
—— decolor, ii. 296.
—— distans, ii. 294.
—— gaudialrs, ii, 290.
hewitsoni, ii. 293.
imbreus, ii. 636.

—— lilea, ii. 296.

orasus, li. 634.
palemon, ii. 295.
perissographus, ii. 291.
—— pigmalion, ii. 292.

—— pyres, li. 298.
romula, ii. 634..

licinus, ii. 264, 731, 733.

“I
G9

Erycides sanguinea, ii. 296.
socia, ii, 296.
tenebricosa, ii. 634,
—— texana; ii. 295.

—— thermus, ii. 292, 293.
—— urania, ii. 294,

vida, ii. 295.
Erycina, i. 892; ii, 701.
Erycina, i. 889, 390, 394.
agesilas, 1. 455.

——— atahualpa, i. 398.
belphegor, i. 400.
cacica, 1. 3894.

cacica, i. 892, 395.
erigone, i. 398.
Formosa, i, 395.

—— huascar, i. 395.

——— inca, i. 394,

inca, i, 392,

—— Jurgenseni, i. 398 ; ii. 701.
lais, 1. 394,

hicarsis, i. 891.
montezuma, i, 3938.
ocollo, i. 394,

ops, 1, 443,

—— pitheas, i. 268.

psecas, 1, 391.

zinna, i. 894, 395.
Erycrnip@, i. 361.
ERYCININA, i. 874.
ERyYNNIS, ii. 477.
Lrynnis, ii. 462, 475.

—— comma, ii. 477.
comma, ii. 478,

—— juba, ii. 478,

—— morrisoni, ii. 478.
nevada, ii, 478,
Erypuanis, i. 186; ii. 666.
Lryphanis, i, 122, 180.
eesacus, 1. 187; il. 606,
esacus, i. 188, 189.
amphimedon, i. 187.
—— automedon, i. 136, 137.
—— bubocula, i. 138.
bubocula, i. 187, 139.
wardi, 1. 137; ii. 666.
EsTsaEMopsis, i. 411.
LEsthemopsis, i. 407, 418, 487; ii. 70L.
alicia, i. 413.

—— (P) ceruleata, i. 413.
carnutes, i. 408.

—— clonia, i. 412.

celonva, 1. 411, 413.
—— (?) radiata, i. 486.
radwata, i. 487.
strigosa, i. 412.
strigosa, i. 413.

754

Esthemopsis (?) unicolor, i. 487.
unicolor, ii. 701. |
Eteona, i, 211.

Evsaais, i. 244; ii. 686.

Lubagis, i. 215, 245, 250, 251.

agacles, i. 245.

—— agacles, i. 246, 247.

anubis, i. 247.

—— ate, i. 247.

ate, i. 246,

~—-~ athemon, i. 245, 247,

chryseis, i, 248,

chrysews, i, 244,

dyonis, i. 250; ii. 687.

—— dyonis, i. 251.

—— ege@a, i. 250.

~—— glauce, i. 251; ii. 687.

glauce, i. 250.

-—— ummarginata, i. 249.

enes, i. 248,

——~ pleridoides, i. 246.

—— pieridotdes, i, 247,

postverta, i. 250; ii. 687.

—— postverta, i, 244, 245, 249, 251.

salpensa, i, 248.

salpensa, i, 249.

+ setabis, i. 248,

——— sosthenes, i. 248,

sosthenes, i, 249,

-~—— thalassina, i. 249.

thalassina, i. 250.

——— theseus, i. 246; ii. 686.

theseus, i. 245, 247,

tithia, i. 248, 249.

Lucharia ganymedes, ii. 10.

tmpertalis, ii. 18.

regalis, ii. 12.

HUCHEIRA, ii. 124.

socialis, ii. 124.

EHuDAMIDAS, il. 386.

-—— melander, ii. 386.

—— melander, ii. 335.

——— ozema, ii. 386.

—— ozema, ii. 387.

Evupamus, ii. 270, 731.

Eudamus, ii, 256, 287, 289, 290, 298,
302, 334, 525.

—— egiochus, ii. 346.

agesilaus, ii. 275,

alardus, ii. 308.

-— allncuspis, ii. 847.

—— albimargo, ii. 274.

—— albimargo, ii. 273.

-——— albofasciatus, ii. 280, 732.

—— alceus, ii, 281, 732.

alc@us, ii. 636.

——— alciphron, ii. 285,

INDEX.

Eudamus amisus, ii. 278.
ananius, ii, 334.
apastus, ii. 310.
asander, ii. 800.
asine, ii, 288, 733.
asine, ii. 636,
astrape@us, il. 325.
athesis, ii. 275.
auginulus, ii. 284.
auginus, li. 283.
auginus, ii, 282, 284, 733.
aunus, ii. 330.
aurunce, ii, 287.
biolleyi, ii. 732.
brolley?, ii. 635.
—— bryaxis, ii. 297.
—— cachinnans, ii. 732,
caicus, li. 835.
cajeta, 1. 339.
calchas, ii. 340.
calenus, li, 284, 285.
carmehta, it. 275.
catillus, ii. 280.
catillus, ii, 279, 281.
ceculus, ii, 283, 284.
—— cellus, ii. 331.

— cenis, ii, 275.

cephise, ii, 322, 323.
cephisus, ii. 322, 736.
—— chalco, ii. 275.
—— chalco, ii. 276.
—— chales, ii. 274.
—— chales, ii. 273.
—— colossus, ii. 315, 316.
crison, ii, 282.
crison, li. 635, 732.
—— dinora, ii. 318, 314.
—— dorantes, ii. 278, 731.
dorantes, ii. 275.
doriscus, ii. 319, 320.
dorus, ii. 290.
—— doryssus, ii. 273.
doryssus, ii. 274, 276.
drusius, ti. 336, 337.
epigena, ii. 332.
esmeraldus, ii, 278.
esmeraldus, ii. 277, 731,
ettas, ti. 736.
eurycles, ii, 272.
—— euryeles, ii. 271, 273, 733.
evathlus, ii, 322.
exadeus, ii. 300, 635.
Jormosus, li. 347, 348, 349, 350.
Aclixus, ii. 349,
-—— hesu, ii, 736.
—— hippalus, ii. 340, 341.
-——~ tdas, ii. 801,

Ludamus jalapus, ii. 636.
lebbeus, ii. 615.
mephitis, ii, 318.
mercatus, ii. 311.
meretrix, ii. 808.
mexicanus, ii, 3384.

—— metallescens, ii. 285.

metallescens, ii. 286.

——— metophis, ii. 276, 731.

metophis, ii. 286.

—— miltas, ii. 282.

—— misitra, ii. 311.

—— moschus, ii. 335.

nevada, ii. 384,

nigricauda, ii. 274.

nigricauda, ii. 278, 275.

octomaculatus, ii, 284.

octomaculatus, 11. 283, 285.

olynthus, ii. 507.

orcinus, ii. 347.

ortander, ii. 847, 348, 849.

orion, 11. 286.

otriades, ii, 803.

perniciosus, ii, 303.

—— phasias, ii, 316, 317, 318.

pherenice, ii. 320, 321.

—— pheenice, ii. 347.

—— plhrynicus, ii. 327.

porcius, ii. 319, 320.

potrillo, ii. 837.

proteus, ii. 277.

—— proteus, ii. 276, 278, 279, 287,
288, 306, 309, 310, 312, 332, 333,
334, 731.

protilus, ii, 278.

—— pylades, ii. 336.

—— ridens, ii. 282.

redens, ii. 732.

santiago, li. 279,

schefferi, ii. 335.

simplicius, ii, 270.

—— simplicius, ii, 271, 272, 289,
314, 332, 333.

—— Stylites, ii, 287.

talus, 11. 288.

trebia, it. 275.

—— trinidad, ii. 631.

—— undulatus, ii, 286, 733.

--—— undulatus, ii. 287.

valertana, ii. 636.

vectilucts, ii. 829.

zilpa, ii. 279, 731.

zilpa, ti. 270, 280, 281.

Eudule invaria, i. 423.

EvEIDES, i. 161; ii. 669.

Eueides, ii, 178.

aliphera, i. 163; ii. 669.

Eueides aliphera, i. 164, 185.
anaxa, i. 165.

cleobea, i. 165.

—— dynastes, i. 165,

. edias, i. 163; ii. 669.
—— leucomma, i. 164, 165.
lineata, i. 163 ; ii. 670.
—— lybia, i. 164,

—— lybioides, i. 164; ii. 670.
—— lybiordes, i. 165.

—— olympia, i. 164.
pavana, i. 162.

vibilia, i. 162 ; ii. 669.
vulgiformis, i. 162; ii. 669.
vulgiformis, 1. 163 ; i. 123.
zorcaon, i. 165; ii. 670.
Euerycina, i. 452.

Eumzvs, ii. 5, 713.
Eumeus, ii. 4, 7, 8, 109, 112.
atala, ti. 5, 6, 110, 111.
—— debora, ii. 7, 718.
debora, ii. 6, 8.

minyas, ii. 6, 713.
minyas, ii. 7.

Eumenia childrena, ii. 7.
godartit, ii. 6.

toxana, ii. 6.

Evunica, i. 222; ii. 684.
Eunica, i, 223, 225, 230, 234, 237.
alcmena, i. 224.
alemena, i. 225.

—— amata, i. 225.

anna, 1. 227.

aspasia, 1. 227.

augusta, 1. 226; ii. 684.
augusta, i, 223.

cabira, i. 224.

celina, i. 226.

cerula, i, 229,

caresa, 1. 224; ii, 684.
celma, 1, 226.
chlororhoa, i, 223.
cinara, 1, 227.

excelsa, i. 226.

excelsa, i, 227.

flora, i. 225.

—— malvina, i. 227.

—— mira, i. 223,

——— modesta, i, 228; ii. 684.
monima, i. 228, 229.
—— mygdonia, i. 227.
olymptas, i. 226.

picea, i, 224,

——— pomona, i. 225,

—— pusilla, i. 228. _

—— pusilla, i, 228, 229,
-sophronisha, i, 228, 224,

INDEX.

Eunica tatila, i. 229; ii. 685.

venusia, i. 226,

venusida, 1, 227.

volumna, i. 226.

Eunogyra, i, 362, 374.

Eupheades garamas, ii. 288, 289.

Evrtorsta, i. 174; ii. 671.

— claudia, i. 174; ii. 671.

claudia, i. 175, 176.

hegesia, i. 175; ii. 671.

hegesia, i. 176.

Evuprycutia, i. 73; ii. 651.

Euptychia, i. 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78,
81, 83, 84, 87, 91, 93, 94, 95, 101 ;
ii. 654, 659.

anacleta, i. 77.

anacleta, i. 78.

———- antonoe, i. 86; ii. 656.

argentella, i. 91; ii. 656.

argentella, 1. 92; ii. 657.

—— arnea, i. 88, 89.

—— binocula, i. 78.

—— butlert, i. 75.

—— camerta, i. 86; ii. 656.

camerta, 1. 74, 80, 87, 88.

—— chlorimena, i. 78.

cleophes, ii. 653.

-—— cleophes, 11. 654.

—— clinas, ii. 656.

cluena, i. 89.

confusa, ii. 652.

—— cornelius, 1. 93.
erantor, i. 79.

—— cyclops, i. 85.

—— disaffecta, 1. 82.

ebusa, i. 88; ii. 656.
ebusa, i. 89.

eurytus, 1. 74.

—— fallax, i. 87.

—— fetna, i. 77; ii. 652.
—— gemma, 1. 92; ii. 657.
gemma, i. 91, 93.
gigas, i, 84.

——— glaucina, 1. 90.
gulnare, 1. 80.
harmonia, i. 88.
harmonia, i. 80.
hedemanni, 1. 93 ; ii. 658,
hedemanni, i. 74, 94.
henshawi, ii. 658.
—— hermes, i. 87 ; ii. 656.
hesione, ii. 651.
hilaria, 11. 658.
insolata, i. 77; ii. 652.
ensolata, i. 78.

—— ithama, i. 93, 94.
tthamna, 1. 93.

Euptychia ttonis, i. 78.

—— labe, i. 79; ii. 652.

labe, i. 80, 81, 89; 11. 63, 65-4.
lea, i. 89.

—— libye, i. 83; ii. 655:
—— liye, i. 84, 101.
hbyovdea, i. 83.

—— lycidice, 1. 90.

—— macrophthalma, i. 77, 78.
—— maimouné,i. 87.
~—— metaleuca, i. 75; ii, 652.
—— mollina, i. 76 ; fi. 652,
—— mollina, 1. 77.

—— mollis, i. 76; ia. 652.
myncea, ¥. 77, 79; i. C52,
653, 654. .
nebulosa, i. 86.

—— nelsoni, i. 91; ii. 656.
-—— ocirrhoe, i, 75; ii. 651.
—— ocirrhoe, i. 76.

oreba, i. 83.

—— pellonia, ii. 655.

—— pephredo, ii. 657.

—— pephredo, ii. 658,

—— phares, i. 88.

—— philodice, i. 90; ii, 656.
-~— philodice, i. 91, 92.

——- phocion, i. 91.

—— picia, i. 78.

—— pieria, i. 79; ii. 654.
pierta, i. 80, 81 ; ii. 659.
polyphemus, i. 85.

—— pyracmon, i. 93; ii. 658.
renata, i. 82; ii. 655.
rogersi, i. 92.

rogerst, 1. 9t.

—— rubricata, i. 82; ii. 655.
rubricata, i. 83.

—— salvini, 1. 78.

—— satyrina, i. 84; ii. 655.
satyrina, i. 85.

sericeella, i. 89.

similis, i. 815 ii. 654.
similis, i. 82.

sosybius, i. 87.
squamistriga, i. 80; ii. 654,
—— sguanustriga, i. 74, 81.
——— terrestris, i. 79; ii. 654,
—— themis, ii. 653.

themias, ii. 654.

—— tiessa, i. 84.

—— umbracea, i, 86.

—— undina, i. 81.

—— usitata, i. 79.

—— vetones, i. 93, 94; ii. 658,
westwood, 1. 76.

wabdt, i. 80, 81.

756

EvurEMa, i. 211; ii. 682.

arceel, 1. 214; ii, 682.

arcet, i, 211.

atropos, i. 213.

—— dina, ii. 168.

dione, i. 214; ii. 682.

dione, i. 212.

—— godmani, i. 213.

godmani, i. 212.

—— kefersteini, i. 213 ; ii, 682.

kefersteint, i. 212.

—— lethe, i. 212; ii. 682.

lethe, i. 211, 218.

—— hndigii, i. 218.

venustula, ti. 165,

EUROTO, ii. 549.

uroto, ii. 505, 550, 577.

chlorocephala, ii. 551.

~—— chlorocephala, ii. 550.

—— compta, ii. 550.

compta, ii. 551, 552,

—— lyde, ii. 551.

—— lyde, ii. 550.

—— micythus, ii. 551.

—— micythus, ii, 550.

ceagrus, li. 552.

——- e@agrus, ii. 550.

HuRyYBIA, 1. 874; ii. 700.

Lurybia, i. 362, 377, 378.

—— carolina, i. 874.

-—— donna, i. 376.

halimede, i. 378 ; ii. 700.

—— halimede, i. 375,

—— juturna,.i. 375, 376.

lamta, i. 376, 377.

-—— lycisea, i. 377 ; ii. 700.

lycisca, i. 376.

patrona, i. 375; ii. 700.

patrona, i. 376.

pergea, i. 374,

persona, i. 375.

salome, i. 376.

salome, i. 377,

unxia, 1. 3877,

—— unxia, i. 874,

upis,.i. 377.

Euryaona, i. 862; ii. 699,

Eurygona, i, 361, 385, 366, 367, 368,
369, 371.

—— abreuas, i. 363.

—— amphidecta, i. 366.

argentea, 1. 365 ; ii. 699,

argentea, i. 363.

—— athena, i. 365.

aurantia, i. 370.

aurantia, i. 3638, 371.

aurantiaca, i. 364.

—— aurantiaca, i. 363; i. 699,

INDEX.

Eurygona bettina, i. 370.

—— cheles, ii. 699.
——— chrysippe, i. 371.
corduena, ii. 699.
crotopus, i. 365.
—— crotopus, i. 363.
eubages, 1. 369.
—— eubule, i. 366; ii. 699.
eubule, i. 367.
eucrates, 1. 367.
eumenes, i. 370.
eupepla, i. 869.
euplea, i. 366.
eurysthenes, i. 369.
—— gyda, i. 364.

—— hypopheea, i. 367,
—— hypophea, i. 366.

labiena, i. 371.
leucorrhoa, i. 367.
mys, 1. 863, 368.
—— procula, i. 865.
pusilla, i. 8369; ii. 700.
regipennis, i. 369.
regipennis, i. 370.
russata, 1. 364,
sergia, i. 367; ii. 699.
sergia, i. 868, 368.
teleclus, 1. 869.
Euterpe, ii, 122.

actinotis, li. 122.
approximata, ii. 122.
arechiza, ii. 117.
bithys, ii. 117.
charops, ii. 114, 115.
diamorphitis, ii. 123.
dismorphina, i.'402.
dismorphites, ii, 123.
eudorca, 11. 121.
Jusa, ii. 117,
marina, ii. 114, 115,
nigrescens, ii, 124.
nimbice, ii. 118.
ochracea, ii. 118,
potamea, ii. 122.
—— pitana, ii. 119, 120.
sebennica, ii. 121.
—— sisamnus, ii. 119, 120.
—— swainsoni, ii. 114.
telusco, ii. 119, 120.
—— teutila, ii, 117, 121.
theresa, ii. 119.
tomyres, ii. 121.
zenobina, ii. 115.
Luthymus, ii. 476.
phyleus, ii, 476.

cataleuca, i. 370; ii. 700.

hierony mi, i. 368; ii. 700.

inconspicua, i. 368 ; ii. 700,

Evrocvs, ii. 599.
Eutocus, ii. 608.
phthia, ii. 600.
phthia, i. 599.
volasus, ii. 600.
EvutTREsIs, i. 8.
—— hyperia, i. 8, 9.
—— hyspa, i, 8.
wmitatriz, i. 9.
—— theope, i. 9.
EvrycHIDbks, ii. 544,

Eutychide, ii. 534, 548, 549, 561,

591.

achelous, ii. 547.
achelous, ii. 545, 548.
asema, li. 548,
asema, ii. 541, 561.
cingulicornis, ii. 545.
—— cingulicornis, ii. 549.
—— lycortas, ii. 547,
—— lycortas, ii. 545,
—— midia, ii. 546,
nudta, ii. 545,
ochus, ii. 546.
ochus, ii. 545, 547,
orthos, ii. 546.
orthos, ii. 547.

—— subsordidus, ii. 548.
—— umber, ii. 547.
umber, ii. 545, 562.
Evenus endymion, ii. 12.
LEveres comyntas, ii. 108.
EXxop.isi, i. 450.
Exoplisia, i. 447, 448.
hypochalybe, i. 450.

Fare@a, ii. 609.

Faiga, ii. 468, 564.
Jeconia, ii. 609, 610.
sciras, i. 610,
Fauna venusia, i. 226.
Faunula pomona, i, 225.
Faunus tenebrosus, i, 95, 96.
Feniseca, ii. 111, 112.
FLACCILLA, ii. 593.
zcas, ii. 593.
Flavinia leta, i. 415,

Geirocheilus tritonia, ii. 62.
GINDANES, ii. 415.
brebissoni, ii, 416.
—— brontinug, ii. 416.
paneetius, ii. 416.
Gonepteryx, ii. 148, 150.
clorinde, ii. 148,
merula, li, 148,
rhamni, ii. 148,

terissa, ii. 150,

Goniloba azul, ii. 635, 735.

eaprotina, li. 522.

—— clavus, ii. 621.
complana, ii. 617.
conflua, ii. 523, 524.

—— consors, ii. 518,

corrupta, ui. 509, 510.
corusca, ii. 528, 527, 528.
coscinta, ii. 510.

deyener, ii. 540.

dolores, ii. 631.
macareus, ii. 520.
malitiosa, ii. 594, 595.
mathiolus, ii. 628.

poyas, ii, 622.
sylvicola, i. 509.
Goniuris cenis, ii. 275.
——— decussata, ii. 284.
eurycles, ii. 272.
GonivRvs, ii. 287, 733.
albimargo, ii. 274.
albofasciatus, ii. 280.
—— aleeus, ii. 281.

—— brachius, ii. 273.
brevicauda, ii. 636.
catillus, ii. 280.
cenis, ii, 275.

chalco, ii. 275,

—— ceelus, ii. 287, 733.
ceelus, 11, 288.
dorantes, ii. 278.
doryssus, ii. 273.
esmeraldus, 1. 278.
eurycles, ti. 272.
exadeus, li. 299.
gracilicauda, ii, 271.
—— nigricauda, ii. 274.
nivosus, li. 2738.
proteus, li. 277.
—— simplicius, ii, 271, 272.
stylites, 11. 287.
talus, ii. 288.

talus, ii. 287.

ztlpa, ii. 279.
GoRGOPAS, ii. 366.
chlorocephala, ii, 356.
viridiceps, 11. 366.
GoRGOPHONE, ii. 378.
melibcea, ii. 878.
GoRGYTHION, 1i. 424.
Gorgythion, ii. 428, 425.
begga, il. 425.
begga, ii. 426.

—— pyralina, ii. 425.
—— pyralina, ii. 424, 426,
Grails, ii, 381.
stigmaticus, ii. 381.

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. I1., November 1901.

parumpunctata, 11. 554, 555.

INDEX.

Grapta, 1. 216; ii, 683.
fabrics, ii. 683.
g-argenteum, i. 216; 11. 683.
—— q-aryenteum, i. 217.
—— haroldi, i. 217; ii. 683.
interrogationis, ii. 683,
interrogationis, i, 217.
—— umbrosa, ii. 683.
GYNACIA, i. 265; ii. 689.
Gynecta, i. 266.

dirce, i. 265; ii. 689.
dirce, i. 267.
GYROCHEILUS, i. 106; ii. 662.
patrobas, i. 106; ii. 662.
tritonia, i. 106; 11. 662.

Hanus, i. 373.

Hades, i. 361, 362, 374, 400.
hecamede, i. 373.

—— noctula, i. 374.
noctula, i. 211, 3738.

H =MATERA, i. 251; ii. 687.
Hematera, 1. 252.

—— pyramus, i. 252; ii. 687.
Hetera, i. 65, 69.

luna, 1. 67.

——- macleannania, i. 65.
pallida, i. 67.

polita, i. 64.

Havorus, ii. 505.

saxula, ii, 505,
Hamadryas decora carye, i. 219.
HaMEaris, i. 464,
Hamearis, 1. 458, 4685.
albinus, i. 466.

albinus, i. 465.

domina, 1. 465.

epulus, i. 464,
erostratus, i, 465.
Hedone, ii. 479.

—— preceps, ii. 480.

Helias albiplaga, ii, 426, 428.
(?) anacreon, ii. 419.
ascalaphus, ii. 429, 432.
aurocapilla, i. 431.
geometrina, ii. 400.
hematospila, ii. 459.
— tthrana, ii. 373.

—— lactifera, li. 459.

—— mexicana, ii. 404, 407.
—— noctua, ii. 459, 460.
pallida, ii. 406.
paterculus, ii. 360.
—— phalenoides, li. 423.
—— pyralina, ii. 424, 425.
—— ribbet, ii. 357.

satyrina, ii. 489, 440.
sutyrus, li. 439.

Tat

Heliconia, i. 148.

amaryllis, i. 153.

anette, i. 58.

charitonia, i. 181.

cotytto, 1. 44.

demwphoon, i. 158.

diotrephes, i. 155.

doris, i. 160.

fornarina, i. 145.

hortense, i. 1651.

hortensta, i. 151.

lewee, i. 156.

—— mexicana, i. 158.

petiverana, i. 153.

rosina, 1, 158.

telchinia, 1. 149.

——- thetis, i. 160, 161.

—— theudela, i. 157.

victorine, i. 37.

sulerka, i. 147.

TH[eLICONINa, i. 143.

Hxxiconivs, i. 148; ii. 667.

He‘iconius, i. 9, 10, 18, 14, 148, 149,
150, 158, 157, 158, 161, 166, 169,
183; i. 178, 234.

—— albucilla, i. 144.

albucilla, i. 145,

alithea, i. 155.

—— underida, i. 150.

apseudes, i. 159.

aranea, i. 158.

beskit, i. 154.

—— charithonia, i. 151; ii. 667.

charithonia, i. 148.

chioneus, i. 156.

chioneus, i. 155, 157.

chrysantis, i. 146.

clarescens, i. 150.

clarescens, i. 18.

claudia, i. 145.

clysonymus, i. 152.

cydno, ii. 668.

cydno, i. 155, 156.

, ab. stiibdelt, 11. 668.

——— demophoon, i. 158.

doris, it. 123.

eleuchia, i. 155, 158.

erato, i. 160; ii. 669.

erato, i. 144, 161.

, var. eratonius, ii. 669.

, var. transiens, 11..669.

, var, viridis, 11. 669.

euryas, i. 154.

fasciatus, i. 150.

—— fasciatus, 1. 13.

formosus, i. 148.

formosus, i. 10, 149, 163;

ii. 123.

798

Heliconius fornarina, i. 145 ; ii. 667.
JSornarina, i. 146.

galanthus, i. 155; ii. 668.
galanthus, i. 156.

guarica, i, 154,

—— gynesia, i. 149.

hecalesia, i. 10, 148, 149.
hewitsoni, i. 158; ii. 669.
hortensia, i. 151; ii. 668.

—— hortensia, i. 152.
—— ismenius, i. 150.
——— jucundus, i. 146.

—— jucundus, i. 147, 150.
lamirus, i. 5.

leuce, 1, 156.

—- leuce, i. 155, 157.
longarena, i. 149,
magdalena, i. 159; ii. 669,
melicerta, i. 144.
melicerta, 1. 146.

—— melpomene, i. 154.

—— metalilis, i. 14, 149, 150.
—— metharme, i. 161.

montanus, i. 152; ii. 668.
numata, 1. 184,

octavia, i. 148.
octavia, i. 10, 149.
pachinus, i. 158.
petiverana, i. 1538.
, ab. tristis, 11. 668.
demophoon, var. chiri-
quensis, ii. 668.

petiveranus, i. 153 ; ii. 668.
petiveranus, i. 154. |
—— phyllis, i. 154.
primularis, i. 156. |
—— rhea, i. 158, 159.

—— sappho, i. 157.

—— sappho, i. 155.

——- sara, i. 159.

—— sylvanus, i. 144, 145.

telchinia, i. 149; ii. 667.
telchima, i. 14, 150, 165,

184.
—— theudela, i. 157 ; ii. 669.
—— theudela, i. 158.

—— verepacis, i. 159; ii. 669.
vulcanus, i. 154.

axanthicus, i. 146, 147.

zuleika, i. 147 ; ii. 667.
zuleika, i. 146,

, ab. albipunctatus, ii. 667.
Helicopis, i. 361, 362, 484.
dematria, i, 438.

HE LioPETEs, ii. 444, 741.
Heliopetes, ii. 446.

alana, ii. 446,

INDEX.

Heliopetes arsalte, ii. 445.
arsalte, ii. 444, 447.
cnemus, ii. 448.
enemus, 11. 444.

—— domicella, ii. 444.
ertcetorum, li. 444.
— laviana, ii. 448.
laviana, ii. 449.
locutia, ii. 447.

——- macaira, li. 447, 741.
macaira, ii. 444, 446, 448.
nivella, ii. 446,
nivella, ii. 447, 448.
petrus, ii. 445.
petrus, ii. 444, 446.
Hemaargus isola, ii. 104.
Hemipteris, ii. 367.
Herachdes andremon, ii. 2438.
asclepius, li. 238, 239.
cresphontes, ii. 223.
Hesperia, ii, 449.
Hesperia, ii. 355, 441, 442, 450, 453.
abebalus, ii. 586.
achelous, ii. 544, 547.
—— adela, ii. 631.

@as, ii. 638.

egita, li. 516.

estria, ii. 518, 515.
ajutriz, 11. 449.
albescens, ii. 449.

(?) aleandra, ii. 425, 426.
almoda, ii. 549.
amyntas, ii. 304.
angellus, ii. 636.
angulis, ii. 686.
antoninus, ii. 628.
ares, ii. 610, 511.
argentea, ii. 618.
arogos, li. 489.
aroma, li. 626.
artona, ii. 586.
asychis, ii. 453.
aureltus, ii. 585.

—— aurifer, 11. 626.
autumna, ii. 636.
—— basochesi, ii. 463, 611.
begga, ii. 425.
belistida, i. 584.
bellus, ii. 568.

—— boeta, ii. 471.
brebtsson, ii. 416.
campestris, 11. 478, 479,
cassander, ii. 333.
catargyra, ii. 587.
catina, ii. 622.
catochia, 11, 636.
celsus, i. 612, 618.

Beeeeeeeueuen

a oes

Hesperia ceraca, ii. 618, 619.
certima, ii. 614, 615.
—— chalestra, ii. 517.

— chemnis, ii. 507.

—— chiomara, 11. 629, 632.
—— chiton, ii. 23,

—— chlorocephala, ii. 366.
— claudianus, ii. 5838.
—— celiginea, ii. 789.

—— comus, ii, 501, 502.
—— coroller, ii. 581.

—— coryna, ii. 587.

—— crisia, 11. 635.

—— crispinus, ii. 636.

— crotona, ii. 622.

—— cunaxa, il. 478.

—— cydia, ii, 526.

—— cynaxa, ii. 584.

—— cynea, ii. 530, 581, 532.
——- cynisca, 11. 468, 621, 622.
dalmani, 1. 519, 520,
degener, ii. 589.

deva, ii. 497, 498.
diversa, li. 585.
domitiana, i. 448.

—— drury?, ii. 462, 481, 482.
—— egeremet, ii. 482.

—— egla, ii. 522.

—— epictetus, ii. 581, 582.
—— erratica, ii. 636.

— eufala, ii. 499, 500.
—— eulogius, ii. 636.

—— eurycles, ii. 272.
Ffavetta, il. 636.

—— fibrena, ii. 864.

—— fidicula, ii. 534, 536.
Jimbriata, ii. 636.

—— fiscella, ii. 591, 592.
Jischert, ii. 628, 629.
Sujidia, ii. 509, 510.
fusca, ii. 500, 571, 573.
—— fusina, 11. 509, 510, 524.
garita, ii. 469, 470.
—— gerasa, ii. 619, 620.
giselus, i. 435.

goza, li. 557, 558.
gura, ii. 546.
hayhursti, ii. 433, 441.
herea, ii. 579, 580.
herodotus, ii. 33.
hianna, ii. 497, 553.
himella, ii. 519.

—— huron, ii. 478, 479.
immaculata, ii. 563.
wna, ii. 636.

infuscata, li. 559, 560,
insolatriz, ii. 449,

Hesperia iowa, ii. 489.

ated, ii. 622, 623,

—— justinianus, ii. 548, 549.
lafrenaye, ii. 590.
lafresnayi, ii. 589.

—— laurea, ii. 589, 590.
—— hbrita, ii, 636.

hitana, ii. 521, 522.

lota, ii. 615.

lucas, li. 616, 617.

—— luda, ii. 625.

lutetia, ii. 519.

—— lycurgus, ii. 449.

—— lysias, ii. 636.

mago, ii. 483.

——- malva, ii. 449.

—— marcus, ii. 584.

—— melane, ii. 494.

melangon, ii. 486.
memuca, ii. 528.
menetriest, i, 587,
mercatus, ii. 311, 312.
—— mesogramma, li. 478.
—— metophis, ii. 276.
—— midia, ii. 544, 546.
—— minima, ii. 473.
——- minos, ii. 588, 589.
—— masera, ii. 481, 483.
monoco, li. 554.

—— montivaga, ii. 450.
—— montivuga, ii. 449, 451, 452.
nearchus, ii. 409.
nemorum, ii. 483.
nereus, ii. 501, 502.
nero, ii. 507, 509.
noctis, ii, 637.
nortoni, ii, 554.
noseda, ii. 614.

—— notata, ii. 451. °
notata, ii. 449, 452.
—— numitor, ii. 471.
—— nyctelius, ii, 509.
—— ocola, ii. 507, 511.
ocrinus, ii. 515, 516.
octomaculata, ii. 284.
—— opigena, ii. 519.

otho, ii. 482.

ovinia, 11. 519, 521.
palpalis, ii. 424.
—— panoquin, 11. 507.
parta, ii. 637.

pelora, ii. 537, 588.
—— phocion, ii. 631.

—— phyleus, ii. 476.
—— physcella, ii. 584, 544.
piso, ii. 637.
pocahontas, ii. 490.

INDEX.

Hesperia poweshetk, ii. 469.
propertius, 11. 628.
—— punetella, ii, 564.
ravola, ii. 482,

remus, 11. 642, 543.
reticulata, i. 637.
rona, ii. 587.
salvianus, ii. 388.
saptine, ii. 612, 618.
savignyt, ii. 804.

—— saxrula, 11. 506.

serina, ii, 687.
sicania, ii. 616.
silius, ii. 594, 596.
syrichtus, ii. 449.

syrichtus, ii. 450, 451, 452, 635.

syrna, li. 617.

telata, ii. 574.
tessellata, ii, 450, 451.
—— thales, ii. 49.

—— thrasybulus, ii. 422.

tropica, ii. 637.

—— ulphila, ii. 687.

—— varus, 01. 449.

—— vespasius, ii. 338, 737.
——. virgilius, i. 484.

—— vitellius, ii. 492.

—— waco, ii. 473.

——._ warra, ii. 587.

— zabuion, ii. 490.
zalma, 11. 637.

—— zampa, ii, 413.

—— zenckit, ii. 687.
HESPERIIDA, ii. 244.
HESPERIINA, ii. 269,
Hesperune, ii. 244.
HEsPEROCHARIS, li. 125, 724.
Hesperocharts, ii. 128.
anguitia, ii. 127.
—— antipater, ii, 127.
——- avivolans, ii. 126.
— costaricensis, ii. 126.
—— costaricensis, ii. 125, 127.
—- crocea, 11. 127.

crocea, 11. 125, 128.
graphites, ii. 126.
tdiotica, ii. 128.

—— jaliscana, ii. 724.
leucania, ii. 127.
marchalt, ii, 125, 127.
pasion, ii. 127.
HeErara, i. 65.

Hetera, i. 68, 66, 69, 359.
—— andromeda, i. 63.
diaphana, i. 65, 66.
hymenea, i. 66.

tripunctata, ii. 500, 571, 572.

Hetera luna, i. 67.
macleannania, i. 65.
macleannania, i. 66.
nerets, i. 66.
—— pallida, i. 67.
—— philoctetes, i. 69.
piera, i. 65, 66.
— polita, i. 64.
Heterochroa, i, 294, 295.
basilea, 1. 806.
basilordes, i. 307.
bredowtt, i. 310.
californica, i. 310; ii. 692
celerio, i. 808.
cestus, 1. 801.
——~ cytherea, i. 303.
—— demiaiba, i. 297.
donysa, i. 305.
—— emathia, i. 310.
—— erotia, i. 301.
felderi, i. 307.
JSessonia, i. 301.
iphicla, i. 306.
wphicleola, i. 306.
-—— justina, 1. 299.
lacina, 1. 299.
lemnia, i. 307.
lerna, i, 304.
leuceria, 1. 300.
lorz@, i. 303.
—— lydia, i. 307.
—— massilia, i. 309.
melane, 1, 296, 297.
melanthe, i. 296.
—— melantho, i. 296.
mephistopheles, i. 299.
oberthiiri, i, 302; ii. 691.
pareca, i. 310.
— phylaca, i. 304.
pithys, i. 805.
— plesaure, i. 3038.
rela, i. 305.
salmoneus, i. 298.
—— serpa, i, 308.
tizona, i. 298.
—— tracta, i. 300.
urraca, 1. 808.
HETEROPIA, ii. 296, 734.
bryaxis, ii. 297.
bryaxis, ii. 298, 734.
eyda, ii. 734.
——- imalena, ii. 297.
imalena, ii. 296, 298.
imitatriz, li, 296, 298.
melon, il. 297, 734.
Heteropterus arene, ii, 471, 472.
—— procris, ii. 473.
5E2

760

HrtTEROosaIs, i. 60.
Heterosais, i. 61.

—— cadra, i. 61.

nephele, i. 61.
HYALOTHYRUS, ii. 351.
infernalis, ii. 351.
—— neleus, ii. 351.
nitocris, ii. 351.
priscus, ii. 851.
Hypr2nomIia, li. 346.
Hydrenomia, ii. 347.
orcinus, ii, 347,
oreinus, ii, 346,
HYLEPHILA, ii. 476.
Hylephila, ii. 462, 474, 477, 480, 481.
dictynna, ii. 480.
—— phyleus, ii. 476.
—— phyleus, ii. 481.
HyMmeniris, i. 56; ii. 648.
Hymenitis, i. 42, 53, 55 ; i. 649.
andronica, i. 58.

-—— anetta, i. 58; ii. 649.
cassotis, i. 54.
diaphana, ii. 649.
—— furina, i. 59.

kedema, i. 59.

-—— lyra, i. 57; ii. 649.
lyra, i. 58.

morgane, 1. 58.

—— morgane, ii, 649.
—— moschion, ii. 649.
—— nephele, i. 61.

—— nero, i. 57; ii. 648,
—— nero, i. 58.

—— oto, i. 56; ii. 648,
oto, 1. 57.

—— sosunga, i. 59; ii. 649.
sosunga, 1. 56, 60.
zavaletta, i. 59.

zygia, i. 60; ii. 649.
Hypanartia, i. 211.

arcet, i, 214.

dione, ii. 682.

—— godmani, i. 213.
kefersteini, 1. 213 ; ii. 682.
lethe, 1, 212; ii. 682.
Hyphilaria, i. 862, 374.
Hypna, i. 355.

Hypna, i. 331, 356, 357.
clytemnestra, i. 356,
clytemnestra, 1. 855, 357.
Sorbest, i. 357.
globosa, 1. 356.

—— hiibneri, i. 356.
rufescens, i, 356.
velox, 1. 356.
HYPpoueria, 1. 52; ii. 648.

INDEX.

Hypoleria cassotis, i. 54; 11. 648,
cassotis, i. 53.

fumosa, i. 53.

libera, i. 53.

—— polissena, 1. 54; ii. 648.
polissena, i. 53.

—— rhene, 1. 54.

rhene, i, 58.

Hypophylla umbra, i, 388.
zeuryppa, 1. 462.
HyposcabA, i. 35; ii. 645.
—— adelphina, i. 86 ; ii. 645.
——- adelphina, i, 35.

—— virginiana, i. 35; ii. 645.
—— virginiana, i. 36.

Imelda, i. 415,

Isapis, i. 485; ii. 7138.
agyrtus, 1. 485, 486.
—— hera, i. 486; ii. 718.
ITHoMEIS, i. 401.
Ithomeis, i. 402.

eulema, i. 402.
heliconina, i. 401,
imitatrix, i. 402.
tmitatriz, i. 163; ii. 128.
IrHomta, i. 48 ; ii. 647.

Ithomia, i. 7, 15, 22, 26, 28, 34, 35,

36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46, 52, 62, 63,
168, 209, 277, 401 ; ii. 177.
—— adelphina, i. 35, 36; ii. 645.

———~ eston, i. 39.
—— agna, i. 15.
——— agrippina, 1. 33,
—— alemena, i. 48.
—— aletta, i. 42, 47.
—— ainda, i. 46.
—— andronica, i. 55,
—— anetta, 1. 58.
—— apia, i. 46.
apuleia, i. 41.
ardea, i. 51.
—— artena, i. 44, 45; ii. 646.
azara, i. 86.
—— balboa, i. 33.

—- cadra, i. 61.

—— callipero, i. 33.

—— callispila, i, 25,
—— cassotis, i. 54.

—— celemia, i. 50,

—— eleis, i. 23.

—— cotytto, i. 44, 50, 51.
diasia, i. 52.
dionea, i. 24,
donella, i. 46 ; ii. 647.
doriila, i. 35.
drymo, i, 48.

Ithomia euchytma, i. 80.
eurimedia, i. 15, 16.
Senestella, i. 24.
gedera, i, 42.

—— heraldica, i. 49; ii. 647.
hezia, i. 31.

—— hippocrenis, i. 51.
—— tlerdina, i. 37.

—— wphianassa, i. 48, 49.
, Var. panamensis, i. 48,
—— jucunda, i. 52.
kedema, i. 59,
lagusa, i. 50.

latilla, i. 46.

lavinia, 1. 53.

—— leila, i. 51; ii. 648.
leucania, i. 25.
lyenste, 1. 48.

——— lyra, i. 57,

makrena, i. 40.
megalopolis, 1. 23.
morgane, i. 58.
nephele, i. 61.

nero, i. 57.

olyras, i. 29.

oto, i. 563 it, 648.
—— pagasa, i. 40.
panamensis, i. 48,
panamensis, i. 20, 4.
parva, i, 44,

—— patilla, i. 50; ii, 648.
—— putilla, i. 51, 52,
phemonoe, i, 38.
—— plaginota, i. 49.
poltssena, i, 58, 54,
psyche, 1. 50, 51.
—— pusto, i, 55.

rhene, i, 54,
rufocincta, i. 45.
salvinia, i. 41.

—-—— stnplex, 1. 45; ii. 647.
sosunga, 1. 59,

sylvo, i. 41,

—— telesto, i. 58.

terra, i. 52.

tolosa, 1. 27.

—— tutia, i. 34.

—— utilla, i. 56.

vicina, i. 89; ii. 646,
victorina, i. 37, 51.
virginia, i, 35, 36,
virginiana, i, 35, 36.
ranthina, i. 14.
xenos, i, 60.

—— xenos, 1. 28.

zavaletta, 1. 60.

zea, 1. 88.

Ithomia zygia, i. 60.
ITHomuNA, i. 6.

Ithomuna, i. 29.

Iruna, i. 4; ii. 689.

Ituna, i. 7, 17.

albescens, i. 5; ii. 639.
—— completa, ii. 639.
lamirus, i. 5; ii. 639.
lamtrus, i. 7.

—- » var. completa, 11. 639.
—— phenarete, i. 4; ii, 639.

JEMADIA, i. 260, 731.
Jemadia, ii. 265, 2. 2.
alburnia, ii. 263.

azeta, li. 264.

azeta, 11. 260, 263.

—— hewitsoni, ii. 262.
hewitsont, ii. 260.
hospita, ii. 261.

hospita, ii. 260, 262, 264.
—— licinus, ii. 264, 731.
licinus, ii. 260, 265, 733.
— macleannani, ii. 262.

- macleannant, ii. 260.
patrobas, ii. 263.
patrobas, ii. 260, 264.
zumra, li. 263.

Josia ligata, i. 4165.
JUNONIA, i. 219; ii. 684.
— cenia, i. 220; ii. 684.
genovera, i. 220.

—— pallens, i. 220.
vellida, ii. 684,
vellida, i. 220.

_ Kogia, ii. 338.

- Kricogoni, ii. 150, 726.
lyside, 11. 150.

lyside, 11. 726.

* —— unicolor, ii. 151, 726.

Laertias philenor, ii. 204.
Lampides zacheina, ii. 104, 107.
Lasata, i. 454; ii. 707.

Lasaia, i, 447, 448, 450.

meris, i. 455 ; ii. 707.
meris, i, 454.

, var. sula, ii. 707,
sessilis, ii. 707.

Le Flambé du Pérou, ii, 214.
Lumonzas, i. 457 ; ii. 708.
Lemonias, i. 456, 458, 461, 464, 466.
adelina,i. 459.

—— emulius, i. 458, 459.
agave, 1. 462.

—— albinus, i. 466,

INDEX.

Lemonias ancile, ii. 708.
ares, 1, 444, 445.
aristus, 1. 460.
aurinia, i. 466.
belise, 1. 463.
cilissa, 1. 461.
cleis, 1. 445.
curulis, 1. 460.
cythera, 1. 467.
debilis, 1. 460.
densemaculata, i. 460.
—— densemaculata, ii. 708.
domina, i. 465.
emylius, li, 706.
erostratus, 1. 465.
eudocia, i. 708.
felsina, ii, 707.
gailena, ii. 708.
— glaphyre, i. 466.
—— glauca, i. 460.
—— glauca, ii. 708.

—— hypoglauca, 1. 468.
idmon, ii. 708.

trened, 1. 463,

irenea, i. 463; ii. 709.
trenea, 1. 458, 464, 465.
labotas, i. 464.
lasthenes, i. 463.
lasthenes, i. 462 ; ii. 709.
lilina, i. 459; ii. 708.
maculata luciana, i. 462.
molela, i. 464.

mormo, i. 467.

, var. virgultt, 1. 467.
nats, i. 469,

nepia, i. 462.

neprordes, i. 462.
orpheus, i. 460,

palmeri, i. 468.

—— parthaon, i. 461; ii. 708.
pelarge, 1.461; 11. 708.
—— penthea, i. 458, 459, 462.
pseudocrispus, 1. 461.
pseudocrispus, 1. 462.
sudias, 1. 463; i. 709.

theages, i. 460.

— virguiti, 1. 467.
zerua, i. 460.
zeurippa, 1. 462; ii. 709.
zeurippa, 1. 463.
LEopDOoNTA, ii. 115.
Leodonta, ii. 116.
chiriquensis, ii. 115.
chiriquensis, ii. 116.
zenohia, ii. 116.
—— zenobina, i, 116.

sudias, 1. 468, 459, 462, 465.

764

Lepricornis, i. 405; u. 701.
atricolor, i, 405.

—— bicolor, i. 405.
melanchroia, i. 405; ii. 701.
unicolor, ii. 701.
Leptalis, ii. 174.

albania, 11. 183.
amphithea, ii. 175, 176,
—— antherize, ii. 177.

atthis, ii. 179.

cesta, ii. 177.

cinerascens, li. 180.

cornelia, ti. 182.
critomedia, ii. 185.
detone, ii. 185.
eunoe, ii. 187.

euryope, 11. 185.
fortunata, ii. 177.
Jethys, ii. 182, 183.
medora, it. 177.
——~ melite, ti. 727.
mercenaria, ii. 183.
mita, ii. 183.
oreas, ii. 186.
palidula, ii. 176.
praxinoe, ii. 175.
ribbet, ii. 178.
virgo, ii, 184.
Leptocercus, ii. 118.
Leptophobia, ii. 128.
aripa, ii. 726.
elodia, ii, 136,
Leptotes marina, ii. 106.
LEREMA, li. 5538.
Lerema, ii. 463, 540, 554, 556, 559,
562.
accius, li. 554.
accius, ii, 555, 556.
—— bipunctata, ii. 555.
pattent, li. 554, 555.
peneia, il. 555.
peneia, ii. 556.
LERODEA, ii. 499.
Lerodea, ii. 462, 500, 571, 573.
dysaules, ii, 500.
eufala, ii. 500.
Leucochitonea, ii, 384, 444.
adusta, ii. 446.
arsalte, ii. 445.
bianca, ti. 445.
canescens, ii. 391.
cheremon,. ii. 309.
—— emorsa, i. 418,
—— funebris, ii. 411.
Juscescens, ii. 389.
—— hyalophora, ii. 414, 415.
lucena, ii. 414.

762

Leucochitonea lagia, ii. 401.
: laginia, ii. 445, 446.
lassia, ii, 384.

—— latrea, ii. 898.
laviana, ii. 448.
lerina, ii. 401.
levubu, ii. 444.
locutta, ii. 447.
loxus, 11, 398,

—— lugubdris, ii. 361.
—— lyrcea, ii. 376.
nwvella, ii. 446, 447.
orbigera, ii. 446, 447.
pastor, ii, 448,
petrus, ii. 445,

-—— pulcherius, ii. 384, 385.
pulverulenta, ii. 413.
salléi, ii. 4438.
seintillans, ii. 397.
stigma, ii. 438,
trifasciata, ii. 417.
untfasciata, ii. 393.
Leucoscirtes nivea, ii. 446, 447.
oceanus, ii. 741.
LervcorHynis, i. 37; ii. 645.
Leucothyris, i. 41.

abida, i. 40.

eesion, i. 89.

@sion, i. 37.

allinissa, i. 39.

— — makrena, i. 40,

—— makrena, i. 37.

—— pagasa, i. 40.

pagasa, i, 37.

paula, ii, 645.

paula, ii. 646.

——— rubescens, i. 38.
rubescens, i. 37.
vicina, i. 89; ii. 646.
vicina, 1. 37.
victorina, i. 37.
victorina, i. 88; ii. 177, 645, 646.
zea, i. 88; ii. 646,
zea, i. 87, 39, 48.
zelica, i. 40,
LisyTuHeEa, i. 859.
bachmant, i. 859,
carinata, i. 360.
carinenta, i. 360.
carinenta, i. 359.
LIBYTHEID&, i. 359,
LiegnyosToLa, li. 350.
Lignyostola, ii. 348.
crinisus, ii. 850.
crinisus, ii. 351.
Sormosus, ii. 348,
lacydus, ii. 350,

INDEX.

Lignyostola lacydus, ii. 351.
pemphigargyra, ii. 350.
LImMEntr1s, i. 311; ii. 693.
Limenitis, i, 294, 295, 312.
arizonensis, i. 311; ii. 693.
arizonensis, i. 812.
artemis, 1. 812.

astyanax, i. 811, 312.
-——— bredowit, i. 295 ; ii, 692.
camilla, i. 294, 295, 296, 311.
-— eulalia, i. 310.

lorquint, i. 295, 296.
-—— popult, i, 294, 295, 296, 311.
proserpina, i, 312.

ursula, 1. 311, 312.

, var. arizonensis, i. 311.
Linas, i. 408; ii. 701.
Inmnas, i, 411, 418.

acroleuca, i. 411; ii. 702.
acroleuca, i. 410.

—— bryaxis, i. 408, 414, 415.
ceruleata, i. 418.

—— cephise, i. 410; ii. 702.
—— cephise, i. 411.

— gynexceas, ii. 701.

jarbas, i. 410.

jarbas, i. 408.

melander, i. 410.

—— melanochlora, i. 415.
~—— melantho, i. 410.

—— pixe, i. 409; ii. 701.
pire, i. 408, 410; ii. 702.
—— subtilis halimede, i. 378.
molpe, i. 473.
Limochores, ii. 483,

Lnntnerta, ii. 410.

zampa, ii. 413.

Luerlla, i. 408, 418.

Lycmna, ii. 102, 722.
Lycena, ii, 1, 3.

acmon, li. 103, 722.
aemon, ii. 1, 102.
antibubastus, ti. 107.
argvolus, ii. 102, 105.
cassius, ii. 105, 728.
casstus, ii. 102, 108, 106.
comyntas, ii. 108, 723.

—— comyntas, ii. 3, 102, 103, 109.

corydon, ii. 102.

exilis, ii. 109, 728.
exlis, ii, 8, 102.

—— gozora, ii. 104, 722,
gozora, li. 102, 108, 105.
—— hanno, ii. 106, 7238.
hanno, ii. 102, 107, 108.
isola, ii. 104, 722.

—— isola, ii. 102, 107.

Lycena marina, ii. 106, 723.
marina, ii. 102, 108.
piasus, ii. 105.
pseudargiolus, ii. 105.
regia, ii. 108.
sagittigera, ii. 103.
sonorensis, ii. 108.
tulliola, ii. 108, 723.
—— tulhola, ii. 102.
zacheeina, ii. 107, 723.
zucheina, ii. 102.
LYCANIDA, ii. 1.

Lycas, ii. 618.

Lycas, ii. 620.

argenteus, ii. 618.
argenteus, ii, 619.
ceruca, ii, 619.
LyCHNUCHOIDES, ii. 612.
ozias, ii. 613,

saptine, i. 613.
saptine, ii, 612.
Lychnuchus, ii. 612.

celsus, ii. 618.

—— olenus, ii. 612.
LycorEa, i. 5; ii. 689.
Lycorea, i. 4; ii, 238, 234.
atergatis, i. 6; ii, 639.
——- atergatis, 1. 165; ii, 234.
ceres, i. 6.

cleobea, i. 6.

-— halia, i. 6.

lamyra, i. 6.
pasinuntia, i. 6.
Lymanopopa, i. 101; ii. 660.
—— ceruleata, ii. 661.
cinna, ii. 660.

euopis, i. 102.

—— euopis, ii. 66].

samtus, ii. 661.
Lymnas gyneceas, ii. 702.
—— jarbas, i, 410.
Lyropreryx, i. 895.
Lyropteryx, i. 396, 400.
apollonia, i. 896.

——. cephise, i. 410.

— cleadas, i. 895.

——— cleadas, i. 896.

—— lyra, i, 396.

olivia, i. 396.

Mahotis, ii. 246.

Mancipium fugax argante, ii. 140,
144, 145.

Marpesia zerynthia, i, 289.

Masices, ii. 408.

anticus, ii. 408.

—— anticus, ii. 409.

Masices sobrinus, ii. 408.

MasrTor, ii. 567.

Mastor, ii. 597.

anubis, ii. 568.

anubis, ii. 567, 598.

— bellus, ii. 568.

bellus, ii. 567,

perigenes, ii. 569.

perigenes, ii. 568.

Mecuanirtis, i. 18; ii, 642.

Mechanttis, i. 12, 14, 20, 21, 188;
li. 234,

californica, i. 20.

doryssa, i. 19.

—— doryssus, i. 21 ; ii. 642.

—— doryssus, i. 18, 20, 22, 184;
ii. 176.

, var. saturatus, 11, 642.
isthmia, i. 20 ; ii. 642.
—— uthmia, i. 18, 19, 27, 188.
usthmicus, i. 20.
labotas, i. 21; ii. 642.
labotas, i. 19, 22.

—— hilis, i. 13.

——— lycidice, i. 19; ii. 642.
—— lycidice, i. 18, 20.
lysimnia, i. 19.

—— macrinus, i. 22; ii. 643.
macrinus, i, 18, 19, 48.
ovata, i. 19.

polymma, i. 184.

—— saturata, ii. 642.

—— utemaia, i. 21.
veritabilis, i. 21.
MEGALEAS, ii. 617.

syrna, ii. 617.
Megalura, i. 282.

alcibiades, i, 287.
berania, i. 286; ii. 691.
chiron, i. 288.

coresia, i. 289; ii. 691.
- corita, i. 284.

-—— tole, i. 289.

—— merops, i, 288.

peleus, i, 283,

poey?, i. 355.

valetta, i. 284.
Meganostoma, ii. 151.
cesonia, ii. 1538.
cesonta, ii. 153.

helena, ii. 158.
MEGISTANIS, i. 326.
Megistanis, 1. 325, 327.
acheronta, i. 326.
@clus, i. 327.

—— beotus, i. 327.

—— beotus, i. 326.

INDEX.

Megistanis ducalion, i. 327.

Meaistras, ii. 571.

Megistias, ii. 500, 569, 570.

epiberus, ii. 575.

emberus, ii. 572, 576.

fraus, ii. 574.

isus, li, 574.

wus, ii. 573,

jera, 11. 572.

jera, ii. 573.

—— labdacus, ii. 573.

leucone, ii. 575.

—— ebasus, ii. 5738.

telata, ii. 574,

tripunctatus, ii. 572.

Megonostoma helena, ii. 153.

Melanitis ceryx, i. 276.

MELINA, i. 12; ii. 641.

Melina, i. 18; ii, 284.

imitata, i. 18, 14; ii. 641.

—— wmitata, 1. 149.

—— lilis, i. 13.

lilas, 1. 14.

messatis, 1. 13, 14.

—— parallelis, i. 13.

ribber, 1, 12.

seylax, 1.12; ii. 641.

scylax, i. 18, 150; ii, 130,

tachypetis, i. 13, 14.

MELIT ZA, ii. 675.

Melitea, i. 176, 183, 190, 210, 211,
263 ; ii. 677.

—— alethes, i, 201.

—— arachne, ii. 676.

—— atronia, i. 206.

—— beckeri, ii. 676.

beckert, 11. 677.

bollit, ii. 677.

callina, ii. 678.

cmnxta, 1. 176, 190, 210, 264 ;

i. 676.

collina, i. 209; ii. 678.

—— crithona, i. 206.

—— dymas, ii. 679.

—— epula, ii. 678.

fragilis, var. guatemalenca,

i, 198.

Srisia, i. 208.

gabbr, ii. 676, 677.

hermas, 1. 204.

hoffmanna, ii. 676.

tmitata, 1. 196.

larunda, ii. 679.

—— lelex, i. 201.

—-— minuta, ii. 675.

—— minuta, ii. 676.

—— mylitta, ii, 678.

Melitea nigrella, i, 199.

nympha, ii. 676.

palla, ii, 676.

—— phaon, ii. 677.

—— picta, 1. 193.

pola, ii, 677.

pratensis, var. orsets, i. 193.

—— ptolyca, i. 201.

schausi, ii. 676.

sonore, ii. 677.

stestlea, 1. 201.

—— texana, i. 200.

—— tharos, i. 193.

—— thekla, ii. 677.

—— theona, i. 192; ii. 677.

tuleis, i. 203.

—— ulrica, i. 196.

vesta, i. 195.

whitneyt, i. 676, 677.

Melhithea frisia, i. 208.

MESENE, i. 420; ii. 702.

Mesene, i. 407, 414, 419, 424, 425,
427. -

@rope, i. 421.

argentea, i. 408.

barce, i, 424.

croceella, i. 423 ; ii. 702.

crocostigma, i. 422.

—— fulrginea, 1, 422.

—— hedemanni, i. 424.

hedemanni, i, 420, 421,

hewitsont, i. 408.

ignicauda, i. 421.

leucopus, i. 423.

—— leucopus, i. 421, 424.

—— macularia, i. 482.

—— margaretta, i. 423 ; ii. 702.

monogramma, i, 424,

niciades, i. 424, 426.

—— phareus, i. 421, 422.

—— phcenicura, i. 421.

rubella, i. 422.

rubella, i. 423.

sagaris, i, 422.

semiradiata, i, 423.

silaris, i. 424.

silaris, i. 423.

~—— simbla, i. 4538.

tricolor, i. 424,

—— tyriotes, i. 422.

—— xrypete, i. 420.

zama, 1. 449.

MeEsENopsIs, i. 414.

—— briseis, i. 414.

bryaxis, i. 414.

—— melanochlora, i. 415,

melanochlora, i. 414.

764

Mxsosemia, i. 378; ii. 700.

Mesosemia, i. 362, 374, 380, 383,

385, 386, 387, 451, 452.
anuana, i. 379, 380.
—— asa, i. 383.

asa, 1. 379.

calypso, i. 381.
—— carissima, i. 881.
—— cecropia, i. 384,
—— chionea, i. 387.
ceelestis, i, 382.
—— frequens, i. 383.
—— gaudiolum, i. 382.
—— grandis, i. 382.

—— grandis, i. 378, 379, 451.

hesperina, i. 381.
—— hyphea, i. 385.
lagora, i. 385.

— lagora, i. 386.
lamachus, i. 379, 380.
lepida, i. 386.

lepida, i. 385.
leucogea, i. 385.
—— machara, 1. 384.

—— matisca, i. 385.

—— methion, i. 380; ii. 700.
——— molina, i. 386.

—— molina, i. 379, 426.
—— nivalis, i. 886; ii. 701.
—— niwalis, i. 385.

—— niwvea, i. 886.

—— philemon, i. 385.
——- telegone, i. 379,
telegune, i. 380, 383.
—— tenera, i. 451.

—— thetys, i. 381.

veneris, i. 881.
vestalis, i. 384.
vestalis, 1. 385, 386.
—— zonalis, i. 384.
MeErTacHaRIs, i. 458; ii. 706.
erythromelas, ii. 706.
—— (?) melucina, ii. 706.
nigrella, i, 454.
victrix, 1. 454.
victriz, i. 458.

METAMORPHA, i. 166; ii. 670.

Metamorpha, i. 280.
dido, i. 166; ii. 670.
—— dido, i. 167, 280.

— stelenes, i. 280.
Metapheles, i. 403.
dinora, i. 403.
dodone, i. 403.
MerrTuHION, ii. 563.
Methion, ii. 561, 564,
melas, ii. 564.

INDEX.

Methtwon melas, ii. 568.
METHIONOPSIS, 11. 598.
Methionopsis, ii. 561, 563, 564, 599,
602, 603.
modestus, ii. 599.
modestus, 11. 598, 600.
——— typhon, ii, 599.
typhon, ii. 598.
Methona, i. 6, 17.
Methone, i. 871.
METHONELLA, i. 371.
Methonella, i. 361, 862.
cecilia, 1. 371, 372.
chrysomela, i. 372.
Mxtiscvs, ii. 562.
atheas, ii. 563.
atheas, ii. 547, 562.
METROCLES, ii. 558,
leucogaster, ii. 559.
leucogaster, ii. 557.
METRON, ii. 557.
chrysogaster, ii. 558.
chrysogaster, ii. 559.
Microceris, ii, 246, 267.
Microria, i 210; ii. 682.
—— elva, 1. 210; ii. 682.
MiLantIon, i. 408.
hemes, 11. 408.
—— marciana, ii. 403.
marica, ii. 4038.
Mimoniades, ii. 246.
Mithras egiades, ii. 28.
augustinus, ii. 16.
desdemona, ii. 25.
tolmides, ii. 27.
MNASALCAS, ii. 567.
uniformis, ii. 567.
—— uniformis, ii. 566.
MnasEag, ii. 597.
bicolor, ii. 597.
bicolor, ii, 598.
MNASICLEs, ii, 602.
geta, ii. 602.
geta, ii. 603.
hicetaon, ii. 603.
hicetaon, ii. 557.
MNasIuus, ii. 569.
penicillatus, ii. 570.
Mnasinovs, ii.-561.
patage, ii. 562,
patage, ii. 547, 564,
MNASITHEUS, ii. 565.
—-— cephis, ii. 566,
cephis, ii. 565.
-—— simplicissimus, if. 566.
simplicissimus, ii, 565.
MNESTHEUS, ii. 606.

Mnestheus cometho, ii. 607.
cometho, ii. 606.

—— ittona, ii. 606.

—— ludens, ii. 607.

—— virginius, ii. 607.

Mazris, ii. 556.

Meeris, ii, 541, 559.

hyagnis, ii. 557.

— striga, ii. 556.

striga, ii. 557.

Mo xo, ii. 579.

hereea, ii. 580.

MONETHE, i. 398.

albertus, i. 898, 399.
rudolphua, i. 398.
Moritzia, i. 373.

paradoxa, i, 874.
MorpuHe!ts, i. 211; ii. 682.
Morphets, i. 374.

ehrenbergi, i. 211; ii. 682.
ehrenbergt, i. 374.
MorpuHina@, 1. 113.

Morpuo, i. 118; ii. 668.
Morpho, i. 114, 116, 120, 121, 122.
achilles, 1,119.

—— amathonte, 1. 117 ; ii. 663.
—— amathonte, i. 118.

—— amphimache, i. 322.
anosia, i. 72.

~—— aquarius, i. 114.

— atreus, i. 185.

—— candelarius, i. 118, 119.
corydon, 1. 119, 120.

—— cypris, 1. 117; ii. 663.
—— cypris, i. 114, 121.

—— deidamia, 1. 118, 119.
epistrophis, i. 116.

—— granadensis, i. 118.
granadensis, i, 119.
hecuba, i. 114.

—— hyacinthus, i. 119.

—— hydorina, i. 120, 121, 122.
—-— justities, i, 115.

—— justitia, i. 121.

laertes, i, 116.

limpida, i. 120, 121, 122.
—— luna, i. 115, 116.
marinita, i. 121; ii. 663.
—— marinita, i. 120, 122.
menelaus, i. 117, 118.
montezuma, 1. 119, 120, 121.
—— neoptolemus, i. 118.
octavia, i. 121; ii. 663.
octavia, i. 120.

—— peleides, i. 119; ii. 663.
pelerdes, i. 118, 120, 121, 122.
polybaptus, i. 118, 119.

Morpho polyphemus, i. 115; ii. 663.
polyphemus, i. 116.
sulkowskit, i. 114, 117.
—— theseus, i. 114; ii. 668.
—— theseus, i. 115.

Morys, ii. 541.

Morys, ii. 550.

valerius, ii. 542.

valerius, ii. 550.

Mucra, ii. 540.

Mucia, ii. 542, 544,

—— thyia, ii. 541.
MoureGaria, ii, 332, 737.

—— albociliata, ii. 383, 737.
albociliata, ii. 635.
leucophrys, ii. 737.
leucophrys, 11. 635.
MycrTeERis, ii. 373.

Mycteris, ii. 367, 371, 374.
crerulea, ii. 374,

Myton, ii. 384, 739.

Mylon, ii. 386.

lassia, ii. 384.

lassta, il. 885,
pulcherius, ii. 385, 739.
pulcherius, ii. 386.
Mylothris alethina, ii. 129, 130.
malenka, ii. 129.

—— margarita, ii. 135.
molpodia, ii, 135.

viardi, ii, 138.

Myscx i, i. 229; ii. 685.
Myscelia, i. 222, 223, 230, 243.
antholia, i. 230.
canthara, i. 239.

chromis, i. 243.

—~ cyananthe, i. 233 ; ii. 685.
—— cyananthe, i. 230.

—— cyanecula, i. 232.

—— cyaniris, i. 230; ii. 686.
cyantris, i, 229, 231, 232.
ethusa, i. 232; ii. 685.
— ethusa, i. 230, 231, 233.
—— leucocyanea, i. 231.
leucocyanea, i, 230, 232;
li. 685.

orsis, 1. 230.

pattenia, i. 232.
pattenia, i. 230, 283 ; ii. 685.
rogenhoferi, i. 231.

—— rogenhoferi, ii. 685,
MysceE vs, ii. 265.

Myscelus, 11. 245, 253, 267.
amystis, 11. 266.

belti, ii. 265.

belti, ii. 266, 267.

—— caucanus, ii. 266.

INDEX.

Myscelus epigona, ii. 331, 332.
epimachia, ii. 266.

hages, ii. 266.

nobilis, ii. 265, 266.
perseéla, ii. 266.

—— phoronis, var. caucanus, ii. 266.
sebaldus, ii. 819, 320.
—— typhaon, ii. 267.
Mysorta, ii. 258, 731.
Mysoria, ii. 246, 247, 257, 259.
affinis, ii. 255.

—— affinis, ii, 258, 254.

— amara, li. 255.

amra, ii. 253, 254, 256.

— galgala, ii. 256.

galgala, ii. 258, 257.
venezuela, li, 254, 731.
venezuela, li. 255, 257.

Najas moderata cytherea, i. 303.
Napea frequens actoris, i. 387.
NAPEOGENES, 1. 26; ii, 643.
—— amiara, ii. 644.

amara, ii. 6438.
excelsa, 1. 23,

—— hemimelena, i. 26.
hemimelena, 1. 27,
—— pedaretus, i. 28.
pertdia, i. 27.

—— tolosa, i, 27; ii. 643.
tolosa, 1. 26; ii. 644.
Narga, ii. 381, 382, 383.
chiriquensis, ii. 382, 383.
NAROPE, i. 139; ii. 666.
Narope, i. 122.

anartes, ii. 666.
cyllastros, i. 139.
sarastro, li. 666.
testacea, i. 139,
Nascuvs, ii. 320, 735.
Nascus, i. 317, 323.

advena, ii. 323,

— cepio, li. 322, 736.
cepio, ii. 320, 323.
cephise, ii. 822, 323.
cous, ii. 735.
eugamon, ii. 321.
—— eugamon, ii. 735, 736.
—— euribates, ii. 736.

—— euribates, ii. 325.
evathlus, ii. 322.
evathlus, ii. 736.

—— gizala, ii. 736,

—— phocus, ii. 320, 735.
phocus, ii. 321.
NatHAtis, ii. 172,
Nathalis, ii. 154,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1901.

765

Nathalis iole, ii. 172.

tole, ii. 173.

—— luteolus, ii. 172.

Necynria, i, 396.

Necyria, i. 3873, 398.

beltiana, i. 397.

ingaretha, i. 397.

—— larunda, i. 397.

manco, 1. 896,

vetulonia, i. 397.

Nelone aurimna, i. 446.

mandana, i. 443.

ops, i. 443.

praxtthea, i. 450, 451.

NEMEOBINA, i. 362.

Nemeobius, i. 362.

—-— mexicanus, i. 467.

virgultt, i. 467.

Neonympha, i. 74 ; ii. 659,

eprnephile, i. 94; ii. 659, 660.

Sallax, i. 87.

gemma, i. 92; ii. 657.

henshawt, ii. 658,

—— lupita, i. 94.

metaleuca, 1. 75.

— phares, i. 88.

pomptira, i. 94; ii. 654, 659.

xicaque, i. 101,

Nereis festiva delila, i. 160.

Nerula, ii. 364,

abbreviata, ii. 364, 365,

—— fibrena, ii. 364.

nautes, ii. 364,

pela, ii. 364,

Netrocoryne, ii. 319.

cecutiens, ii. 319, 320.

coronus, ii. 637.

porcius, ii. 319,

Nica, i. 239 ; ii. 686.

canthara, i. 239; ii. 686,

canthara, i. 240,

Jravilla, i. 239, 240.

—— sylvestris, i. 239, 240,

NICONIADES, ii. 524.

Niconiades, ii. 463, 519, 528, 527.

ceeso, ii. 526,

—— cydia, ii. 525, 528.

—— merenda, ii. 526.

merenda, ii. 525.

—— viridiceps, ii. 526.

——~ xanthaphes, ii. 526.

zanthaphes, ii. 524, 526, 527,
528,

NISONIADES, ii. 374,

Nisoniades, ii. 375, 455, 456.

afranius, ii, 459,

—— australis, ii, 456.

766

Nisoniades brennus, ii. 434.
bromius, ii. 375.
cyclops, ti. 396.
eusebius, ii. 637.
—— funeralis, ii, 456.
—— hemuia, ii. 417, 418.
——— mejicanus, ii. 441.
oeta, ii. 637.

——- pacuvius, 11, 458.
pelarge, ii. 375.
pelarge, ii. 376.
tristis, 11. 457, 458.
NOTHEME, i. 399.
eumeus, i. 400.
eumeus, i, 399.
ouranus, i. 400.
NYMPHALID&, i. 1.
NYMPHALIN#, i. 166.
Nymphahs aidea, i. 338.
—— amenophis, i. 344.
amphitoe, 1. 322,
anassa, i. 349.
bella, i. 329.
eallidryas, 1. 354.
coresia, 1. 289,
cyane, i. 317.

-—— ferentina, i. 268.
—— glauce, i. 347, 350.
harmomia, i. 286.
—— hedemanni, i. 350.
—— tphis, i. 341.

—— leucophthalma, i. 299.
—— mygdonia, i. 227,
onophis, 1. 344.
pavonit, i. 315.
pithyusa, i, 345.
—— pyrrhothea, i. 338.
rogerit, i. 333.
—— titan, i. 337.
xenocles, i. 350.

NYMPHIDIUM, i. 470; ii. 709.

Nymphidium, i. 479 ; ii. 710.
—— adelphinum, i. 477.
ugle, i. 475.

—— apame, i. 471.
ascolia, i. 475.
—— ascolia, i. 473, 476.
azanoides, i. 478.
——-— de@otia, i, 475.

—— cachrus, i. 475.
—-— calyce, i. 471.
carice, i, 474,
chimborazia, i. 474.
—— clearista, i. 472.
—— dorilis, i. 472.
ethelinda, i. 472.
gela, i. 4738.

INDEX.

Nymphidium germanus, i. 478.

—— hematostictum, i. 474.
ictericum, i. 476.

ipsea, 1. 476.

labdacus, i. 471; ii. 709.
labdacus, i. 472.

—— laius, i. 472.

lamis, i. 473.

—— lycorias, i. 477 ; ii. 710.
lycorias, i. 470, 478.
lysimon, i. 474.

—— mantus, i. 475.

———— molpe, i. 473; ii. 710.
—— molpe, i. 470, 475, 476.
—— mycone, i. 470; ii. 709.
—— nycteus, i. 476.

ochra, i. 475.

olinda, i. 474.

— oneum, i. 474; ii. 710.
orestes, 1. 471,

—— phliassus, i. 477.
preclarum, i. 471.
sicyon, i. 475; ii. 710.
—— velabrum, i. 477.

OaRISMA, il. 469.
Oarisma, ii. 462.

garita, ii. 470.
powesheik, ii. 469.
poweshetk, ii. 470, 471.
OcHLODEs, ii. 483.
Ochlodes, ii. 462.

snow], ii. 483.
Ocytes, ii. 477.

Gnomaus marsyas, ii, 15.
CHonvs, ii. 539,

Conus, ii. 540, 541.
pyste, ii. 540.

pyste, ii. 530.
Oleria, i. 14.

cxanthina, 1. 14.
Olina, i. 277.

Olynthus inachus, ii. 20.
OLyRas, 1. 7; ii. 639.
Olyras, i. 8; ii. 178.
insignis, i. 8.
montaguil, i. 7.
montagut, i. 8; ii. 640.
—— theon, i. 7; i. 639.
theon, i. 8.
translucens, i. 8.
staudingeri, ii. 640.
ONENSES, li. 414,
Onenses, ii. 413.
hyalophora, ii. 415.
Onopuas, ii. 538.
Onophas, ii. 539, 540.

Onophas columbaria, ii. 539.

OPSIPHANES, 1. 125; 11. 664.

Opsiphanes, i. 122, 123, 129, 130,
139.

—— amphirhoe, i. 129.

boisduvali, i. 126; ii. 664.

—— cassia, i. 127; ii. 664.

cassiope, i. 126.

crameri, ii. 664.

cramert, i. 128.

—— glycerie, 1. 128.

—— invire, i. 127.

invire, i. 128.

—— josephus, 1. 126.

orgetorix, i. 129; ii. 665.

—— orgetoriz, i. 1380.

quirinus, i. 128; ii. 665.

—— quirinus, i. 129.

—— quiteria, i. 128.

staudingeri, ii. 665.

syme, i, 125.

—— tamarindi, i. 128; 1. 664,

tamarindi, i. 1380.

xanthicles, i. 180.

ranthus, 1. 125, 129, 180.

Oreas, i. 899,

ORESSINOMA, i. 73.

sorata, 1. 73.

typhla, i. 73.

Orestia, i. 390.

ORNEATES, li. 345.

zgiochus, li. 346.

—— egiochus, ii. 345.

OrpHE, ii. 619.

Orphe, ii. 616, 620.

gerasa, li. 620.

gerasa, ii. 619.

vatlinius, ii, 619, 620,

ORSES, ii. 621.

Orses, ii. 463, 622.

cynisca, ii. 622.

—— cynisca, ii. 623.

iricolor, ii. 623.

tricolor, ii. 622.

OXEOSCHISTUS, i. 106; ii. 662.

Oxeoschistus, i. 102, 110, 111, 112.

cothon, i. 108,

cothon, 1. 109.

-—— euryphile, i, 107 ; ii. 662.

gigas, 1. 110.

hilarus, i. 107; ii. 662.

hilarus, i. 108.

—— phaselis, i. 110.

—— puerta, i. 109 ; ii. 662.

—— puerta, i. 106, 110.

rogersi, 1. 110.

semplex, 1. 109, 110; ii. 662.

Oxeoschistus submaculatus, i. 109.
tauropolis, i. 108 ; ii. 662.
OXYNETRA, ii. 267.

Oxynetra, ii. 245, 246, 268, 269.
annulata, 11. 268.

felderi, ii. 267, 268, 269.
hopfferi, ii. 268.

—— hopfferi, ii, 267, 269.
semihyalina, ii. 267, 268.
OXYNTHES, ii. 527.

Oxynthes, ii. 5238.

coruscus, ii. 527.

PacHEs, ii. 398, 740.

—— geometrinus, ii. 400.

loxus, 1. 898.

loxus, ii. 899, 400, 401.

polla, 11. 899, 740.

subalbatus, ii. 400.

PACHYTHONE, i. 425.

gigas, 1, 425.

mimula, i. 426.

palades, i. 425.

—— philonis, i. 425.

PapRaona, ii. 581.

Padraona, ii. 463, 579, 580.

epictetus, ii. 582.

eprctetus, 11. 485.

Pedrotes sagittigera, ii. 103.

PAMPHILA, ii. 466.

Pamphila, ii. 462, 463.

achelous, ii. 547.

actor, ii. 512, 556.

ancus, li, 542, 550.

asella, ii. 555,

asema, li. 544, 548.

azin, ii. 489.

bellus, 11. 568.

berus, ii. 594, 596, 597.

—— bipunctata, ii. 553, 555.
- byzas, ii. 536.

cerdo, ii. 542.

chrysogastra, ii. 557, 558.

citrus, li. 462, 474, 475.

——- colorado, ii. 478.

columbaria, ii. 538, 589.

compta, li. 550.

comus, ii. 502.

corope, ii. 512.

— cubana, ii. 581.

dama, ii. 512.

dardaris, ii. 467.

darideus, ii. 467.

decora, ii. 577.

—— delaware, ii. 490.

—— deva, ii, 498.

—— dukolum, ii. 485.

INDEX.

Pamphila edda, ii. 537.
epiberus, ii. 570, 575.
epictetus, ii. 485, 582.
eufala, ii. 500.
fasciata, i. 557, 558.
Jlossites, ii. 538, 539.
getsa, i. 550.
golenia, ii. 480.

hala, ii. 476, 477.
helva, ii. 494.

—— hypargyra, ii. 588.
tliemanensis, 11. 579.
inimica, 1, 496.
insidiosa, ii. 596, 597.
insularis, ii, 492.
integra, ii. 559, 560.
irma, ii. 582, 533.
kedema, ii. 479.
kenava, ii. 579.
lacordairti, i. 483.
logan, ii, 490.
lumida, 11. 480.

—— mago, ii. 481.

——- marmorosa, ii. 495.
—— meton, ii, 552.

-—— microsema, i. 561.
modesta, 11. 566, 599.
morrisont, ii. 478.
nereus, ii. 502.
nicomedes, ii. 580.
neveolimbus, ii. 496.
obsoleta, li. 571, 572.
orope, li. 512.
ortygia, li. 511.
osembo, ii. 534, 536.
osyka, ii. 500.
palemon, ii. 467,
parihs, ii. 511.
perfida, ii. 490.
pericles, ii. 594.
—— pheomelas, ii. 561.
—— phocion, ii. 482.
pittacus, ii, 497, 498.
—— pusillius, ii. 486, 487.
— python, ii. 497, 499.
—— ravola, ii. 481.

—— reticulata, ii. 475.
—— rhesus, ii. 474, 475,
—- rolla, ii. 491.
sagitta, ii. 580, 581.
sethos, ii. 494,

— silius, ii. 596, 597.

Beeeeeeeee

—— snow, ii, 483.
—— stigma, ii. 480.
—— subsordida, ii. 548.
—— tripuncta, ii. 512.

semplicissima, ii. 561, 565, 566.

Pamphila umber, ii. 547, 599.
—— uniformis, ii. 567,
ursa, li. 482.

vala, ii. 512, 556.
volasus, ii. 600.
warra, ii. 534, 537.
xenarchus, ii. 580.
zabulon, ii. 490.
PaMPHILIN», li. 461.
Pamphilina, ii. 244, 269, 356.
PanackEA, i. 274.

Panacea, i. 275.

lysimache, i. 275.
procilla, i. 275.
Panara, i. 399.

PanpEMOs, i. 478; ii. 710.
Pandemos, i. 479.

—— arcas, i. 478, 479.
—— godmani, i. 479.

—— nymphidioides, 1. 479.
paleeste, i. 710.
Pandora, 1. 274.

Pansydia, ii. 478.
Panthiades stto, ii. 32.
togarna, ii. 82.
Pantoporia, i. 167.

Paphia, i. 335.

ada, i. 849.

aidea, i. 338.
ambrosia, 1. 349.
amenophis, i, 344.
anassa, i. 349.
artacena, i. 346,
aureola, i. 351.
beatriz, 1. 343.
callidryas, i. 354.

| | |

chrysophana, 1. 338.
cleomestra, i. 349.
echemus, i. 355.
electra, i. 352.
eubena, i. 344, 345,
excellens, 1. 353.
glauce, i. 347,

—— glycerium, i. 337.
helie, i. 338.
herbacea, i. 347.
—— indigotica, 1. 342.
tphis, i. 840, 341, 342.
Janson, i. 353.
— laura, i. 348.

—— meris, i. 341.
mora, i. 351.
morrisoni, ii. 697.
morta, 1. 340.
morvus, 1. 340, 341.
nobilis, i, 340.

OF 2

Beeeeeueee

cheronea, i. 342, 348, 344.

768

Paphia enomais, i. 341, 342.

—— onophis, i. 340, 341, 344, 345.

pedile, i, 348.

—— phidile, i. 339.

—— pithyusa, i. 342, 345,

—— proserpina, i. 348.

ryphea, i. 339.

— tian, i. 337.

victoria, i. 344,

— renica, i. 3438.

xenocles, i. 346,

zeltca, i, 342,

Papias, ii. 559.

Papias, ii. 561.

dictys, ii. 560.

dictys, ii. 564.

infuscatus, ii. 560.

— mfuscatus, ii. 533, 563.

—— microsema, ii. 561.

——— phainis, ii. 561.

PaPIvio, ii. 190, 727.

Papilio, i. 276; ii. 188, 189, 193,
196, 198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 207,
209, 212, 213, 222, 223, 224, 225,
227, 230, 238, 234, 238, 240, 243,
728, 730.

—— abderus, ii. 238, 239.

—— abebalus, ii. 586.

—— acastus, ii. 258, 254.

accius, 11, 5538, 554.

—— acesta, i. 264.

—— achelous, ii. 193.

—— acheronta, i. 326.

acmon, ii. 17.

—— aconophos, ii. 206, 729.

-—— aconophos, ii. 207.

acontius, i. 241,

@cas, ii, 598.

agacles, i, 245,

—— agatha, i. 238.

agesilaus, ii. 219.

agesilaus, ii. 220, 221.

agis, ii. 23.

—— gaz, ii, 242,

alardus, ii. 808.

albula, ii. 166.

alcamedes, ii. 198.

alexiares, ii. 241.

alopius, ii. 197, 728.

—— alopius, ii. 198.

—— alyattes, ii, 194,

—— amathusia, i. 160.

—— americus, ii. 2438.

americus, ii. 240.

—— amphimachus, i. 322.

amphinome, i. 271.

amphione, 11. 174.

INDEX,

Papilio amphissus, ii. 236.
—— amyntas, ii. 304.
anaphus, ii. 805.
anaxarete, i. 123.

—— anazxilaus, ii. 221.
anchises, ii. 195.
anchisiades, ii. 230, 281.
—— andremon, ii. 243.
androgeus, ii, 224, 225.

antiopa, i. 215.
antonoé, i. 86.

—— apastus, ii. 310,
arcalaus, ii, 518, 519.

archippus, i. 1.
arethusa, i. 270.
argante, ii. 144,

—— ariadne, i, 238.
aricye, ii. 140, 141.
——- arinus, ii. 257.
aristodemus, ii, 224.
aristomenes, ii. 198.
arsalte, 11. 445,
artemides, ii. 864,
asclepius, ii, 238.
asclepius, 11, 239, 240.
ascoltus, ti. 238.
asterias, il. 242,
astervordes, ii. 242, 243,
astinous, ii. 204.
astylos, ii. 3824.
asychis, ii. 453.
atalanta, i. 219.

atys, ii. 19, 21.
aulestes, ii, 315, 316,
aunus, li. 330.
autosilaus, ii. 219, 220.

avius, 1. 428,
barcastus, ii, 254.
basilia, i. 306.
bates, i. 265.
bathyllus, ii. 384,
belemus, ii. 203.
belephantes, ii. 208.
— helesis, ii. 207, 729.
belesis, ii. 208.
belise, i. 463.
bellerophon, ii. 217.
belus, ii, 201.

beon, ii. 74.
berenice, i. 8, 4.
—— biblis, i. 277.

—— bipunctatus, ii. 328.
——— birchalli, ii. 237.

andromeda, 1. 63, 64, 98.

arcestlaus, 1.62; ii. 221.
archestlaus, ii, 214, 215.

avitus, 11. 816, 317, 818.

Papilio birchalli, ii. 234, 288.
bitias, ii. 237.
blomfildia, i. 329.
branchus, ii. 207.
branchus, ii. 205, 206, 208.
bromius, ii. 874.
broteas, ii. 322.

—— busirus, ii. 404.

—— butes, i. 391.

cadmus, i, 825, 326, 327.
caleh, li. 198.
calliste, ii, 217.

—— camerta, 1. 86.

—— caranus, i. 24.

—— cardut, i. 217.
carinenta, i. 360.
cassi@, 1. 127; ii. 664.
cassius, ii. 105.
catillus, ii. 280.

—— catullus, ii. 441, 452.
—— cauca, ii. 195.

— caudius, ii, 228.
c-aureum, ii. 683.
— celmus, ii. 85.

—— cephalus, ii. 235.
—— eerralis, ii. 858.
cesonia, ii. 1538.

——— charithonia, i. 151.
—— charitonia, i. 151,
—— childrens, ii. 192.
—— childrene, ii. 190.
—— chiron, i. 288.

chiton, ii, 23.
chorineus, i. 62.
chrysodamas, ii, 202, 208.
chrysotheme, ii. 151.
chrysus, i. 435.

—— cincinnatus, ii. 238.
cipris, ii. 144,

——— claudia, i. 174, 175.
clonius, li. 298,
clusoculis, ii. 209.
clytemnestra, 1. 356.
coelus, ii, 287,
comma, ii. 477.
conon, li. 219.

—— copanee, li. 202,
copane, ii. 203, 728.
corbis, ii, 205.
coridon, ii. 630, 681.
coreebus, li. 288.
corytas, ii, 291.
cramer, ii. 319,
crassus, ii. 204,
cresphontes, ii, 228.
cresphontinus, ii. 224,
ereteus, ii. 307.

Papilio crinisus, ii. 350.
crispus, i. 462.

; ercesus, i. 438.
crélus, ii. 63.
crotopus, i. 365.
ctesias, ii. 237.
cupentus, li. 45.
—— cytherea, i. 303.
daunaé, i, 324.
daphnis, ii. 224.
—— dares, ii. 196.
darius, i. 123.
daunus, ii. 240.
daunus, ii. 189, 241, 242.
—— delila, i. 168.

—— demophon, i. 320.
—— dido, i. 166.
dioxippus, ii. 217.
dirce, i. 265.
dorantes, ii, 272, 278.
doris, i. 160.

drya, ii. 142.

—— dubius, ii. 691.
eacus, ii. 217.

ebusa, i. 88; ii. 584.
ecclipsis, ii. 149.
echelus, ii. 198, 194.
echion, ii. 63.

elea, i. 303.

——— electron, i. 410.
— electryon, ii, 239.
—— electryon, ii. 240.
—— eligius, ii. 382.

—— endymion, ii. 12.
—— enotrus, ii. 312.
—— epictetus, ii, 582.

epidaurus, ii. 224, 729.
epidaurus, ii. 225, 280.
—— epidaus, ii. 221.
epidaus, li. 212, 222.
—— epithoas, ii. 729.
—— epitus, ii. 518, 514.
eracon, ii. 728.
erato, i. 160.
eresimus, ii, 638.
eridamas, ii, 210.
—— eridamas, ii, 211.
erithalion, ii, 194.
—— erithalion, ii. 195.
erostratus, ii. 229,
erostratus, ii. 224, 230.
erota, i. 400.
—— erymanthus, ii. 201.
— erythus, ii. 326.
ethiius, i. 506, 507.
—— eubule, ii. 141, 142,
eumeus, i. 400.

INDEX.

Papilio eurrbates, ii. 736.

ewrilochus, i. 181.

—— eurimedes, ii. 198, 199.

—— eurotas, ii. 237.

—— eurotas, ii. 234.

—— euryleon, ii. 209.

—— evadnes, ii. 507, 508.

—— evander, ii. 231.

exadeus, ii. 299,

JSantasos, ii. 586.

fatima, i. 222, 442.

fenochionis, ii, 222, 729.

Jeroma, 1. 268, 273.

Sormosus, 1. 488.

fulgerator, ii, 311.

—— fulminator, ii. 311, 312.

gertrudtus, i. 62.

glaucolaus, 11. 218, 214.

guaco, ii. 209.

—— gyas, i. 436.

halesus, 11. 18.

hanno, ii. 106, 107.

hassan, ii, 35, 36.

hegesia, i. 175.

—— helleri, ii. 236.

hemes, ii. 403.

hemon, ii. 17.

hepheestion, ii. 208.

—— hermes, i. 87.

herodotus, ii. 33.

hersilia, ii. 144.

hippodamas, ii. 216.

hippomedon, ii, 228.

hostilius, ii. 208, 209.

—— huntera, i. 218.

—— hyperna, i. 179, 277.

wdeus, 11. 230, 231.

idas, ii. 301.

alione, 1. 16, 17.

alioneus, i. 188.

ilus, ii. 208.

aus, 11. 209.

imperialis, ii. 13.

inachus, ii. 20.

interrogatronis, 11. 683.

tole, i. 289.

iopas, ii. 728.

tphicla, i. 306, 308.

iphidamas, ii. 192, 727.

iphidamas, ii. 190, 193, 194,
197, 198, 199

—— irene, i. 11

—— trenea, i. 463.

—— isidora, i. 331.

—— ttys, i. 332.

Janais, i. 178,

jamas, li. 35.

Bane

Papilio jarbas, i. 410.
Jatropha, i. 221.
Jovianus, li. 402.
—— juno, i. 170.
Jacandones, i. 216.
lacandones, ii, 217.
— letitia, ii. 284, 235.
lamis, i. 473.
laodamia, i. 270.
laodamus, ii. 203,
laodocus, ii, 225.
—— laothoe, i. 239.
latinus, ii. 202.

laure, 1. 315.

—— lausus, ii. 54.

—— leneus, ii. 237.
lepidus, ii. 203.

— lemdus, 11. 204.

lethe, i. 212.

—— leucaspis, ii, 217.
liberia, i. 238.

labye, i. 83.

licarsis, i. 391.
longtcauda, ii. 280.
longirostris, ii, 628.
Porze, ii. 217.

— luna, i. 66.

lycaste, i. 48, 49.
—— lycidas, ii, 201, 728.
lyctdas, ii. 200, 202.
—— lycmenes, ii. 193.
lycophron, li. 224, 226.
machaon, ii. 189, 240.
macrosilaus, ii. 214, 215.
merula, ii. 149.
mandana, i. 443,
marcellina, ii. 141.
marchandi, ii. 218.
marcus, ii. 584,
marius, 1. 288.

—— marsyas, ii. 16.
medea, i. 241,
melander, ii. 386.
melanippe, ii. 140, 141.
—— melite, ii. 174, 181.
—— melpomene, i. 154.
—— menander, 1. 63, 64, 322.
—— menes, ii. 468.

—— meris, i. 455,

—— mermeria, i. 95.

—— metaphaon, ii. 212, 729.
metaphaon, ii. 211.
—— meton, ii. 37.

—— midas, ii 323, 324.
—— miltrades, i. 70.

—— monima, 1. 228, 229.
—— montezuma, ii. 197.

PLT LTT!

770

Papilio montezuma, ii. 196, 198.

monuste, ii. 132.

—— mycale, ii. 199.

—— mylitta, i. 250.

—— mylotes, ii. 198.

—— mylotes, ii. 122, 123, 199,
200.

myrtillus, ii. 37.

narcosius, ii. 815, 316.

nauplia, i. 189.

neerea, i, 291, 293.

——— neleus, ii. 351.

neosilaus, ii. 219,

neostlaus, li. 220.

—— nicias, ii. 786.

nicippe, ii. 155.

nobilis nemesis, i. 333.

numitor, ii. 202, 728.

numitor, ii, 208.

ocirrhoe, i. 75.

odius, i. 824.

ebalus, ii, 226.

edippus, ii. 192.

olympia, i. 164.

orabilis, ii. 216.

orchamus, ii. 228, 238, 517.

orcus, 11. 449,

orion, 1. 824; ii. 278.

ornythion, ii. 227, 729,

orsua, 11. 205.

ortygnus, ii. 4].

ouranus, i. 400.

——. p@on, il. 224.

palegon, ii. 37.

palemon, ii. 295,

pallas, ii. 225.

—— pallas, ii. 227, 228.

pandion, ii. 230, 730.

pandion, ii, 224, 230, 231, 282,

2338.

parmenides, ii, 307.

passifiore, i. 171, 172.

—— patros, ii. 228.

—— peleides, ii. 228.

peleus, i. 288; ii, 854.

pelops, ii. 24.

penelea, i. 100.

penthesilaus, ii. 214.

penthesilaus, ii, 218, 215,

periander, i. 390.

perrhebus, ii. 197.

pertinaz, ii. 552, 571.

—— pherusa, i. 167.

—— phaeton, ii. 234,

—— phaeton, ii. 235,

—— phetusa, i. 167,

—— phaleros, ii. 22.

—— phanostratus, ii. 232.

PITTI TELL TIE

INDEX.

Papilio phaon, ii. 211.

—— phaon, ii. 205, 206, 212.
—— pharax, ii. 211, 729.
—— pharnaces, ii. 231, 730.
—— pharnaces, ii, 232.
~——— pherecydes, i. 326.
—— phidias, ii. 246,

— phidon, ii, 623, 624.
—— philea, ii. 140.

—— philemon, ii. 599.

—— philenor, ii. 204.

——- philenor, ii. 190, 200, 205.

—— philoctetes, i. 69.

——— philolaus, ii. 220.
—— philolaus, ii, 221.
—— phineus, ii. 528, 529.
—— phocus, ii. 320, 321.
—— photinus, ii. 196, 728.
——— photinus, ii. 190, 206.
—— phyleus, ii. 476.

—— phyllus, ii. 585, 589, 590.
—— pilumnus, ii. 241.
—— pilumnus, ii, 240, 242.
pwanthus, ii. 225.
prrithous, ii. 226, 227.
—— plesiolaus, ii, 221.
—— plexippus, i. 1.
polibetes, ii. 41.
polybe, 11. 19.
polybius, ii. 228.
polycaon, li, 224, 225.
—— polycharmus, ii. 232.
polydamas, ii. 200.
polydamas, ii. 190, 201.
polyxenes, ii. 242, 730.
polyenes, ii. 189, 248.
polyzelus, ii. 195.
polyzelus, ii. 190,
postverta, i, 250.
priassus, li. 354.
procas, 11. 208.
propertius, ii. 528,
proserpina, 1. 329.
proterpia, li. 155.
protesilaus, ii. 213.

219, 221.
—— proteus, ii. 270, 277.
psecas, li. 584.
—— psidit, i. 16, 17.
—— pygmalion, ii. 292.

—— pyramus, i. 251, 252; ii. 291.

—— pyrochles, ii. 194.
—— qutrina, i. 160.
ramusis, li. 325.
regalis, 11. 12.
renaldus, i, 440.
renata, 1. 82,

protesilaus, ii. 212, 214, 215,

Papilw rhetus, i. 891; ii. 229.
rhodostictus, ii. 232.
rhodostictus, 11. 238.
—— rogeri, ii. 231.
rogert, li. 232.
—— rustan, ii. 50.
rutulus, li. 242.
ryphea, i. 339.
sadalus, ii. 243.
—— sadyattes, ii. 195, 728.
— salatis, ii. 326.
—— sulius, ii. 617, 628.
—— salome, i. 376.
salvini, ii. 217.
sappho, i. 157.
saturnus, li. 571.
sebaldus, ii. 319, 404, 405.
senne, ii. 141, 142,
serapis, ii, 192.
sergestus, ii. 632, 633.
servillet, 11. 216.
sesostrts, ii. 190, 191, 192.
silenus, ii. 22.
simethis, ii. 81.
simphieius, ii. 270, 272.
simon, ii. 633.
sisamnus, li. 119, 120.
sisyphus, i. 820,
sosybius, i. 87.
sp. P, i. 227.
statora, li. 147.
stelenes, i. 280.
syedra, ii. 239.
syedra, li. 240.
sylvanus, ii, 484.
—— syncellus, ii. 54.
syrichtus, ii. 449,
talaus, li. 354.
—— talus, ii. 288.
tarquinius, ii. 191.
tasso, 11. 228.
telemus, ii. 14.
telesilaus, ii. 215.
thales, ii. 49.
——— thamyra, i. 98.
tharos, i. 193.
—— theophron, ii. 227.

‘ theramenes, ii. 281.
—— therodamas, ii. 211.
—— thoas, ii. 228, 729.
thoas, li. 222, 224, 227, 238.
——— thrason, ii. 224,
—— thrasybulus, ii, 422.
— thrax, ii. 683.
—— thyastes, ii. 218.
—— thymbreeus, ii. 206,
—— thymbreus, ii. 205.
—— thymetus, ii. 162.

PTT | |

Beeeee

Papilio thysbe, i. 251.
tipha, i. 291.
—— tolmides, ii. 229.
—— tolus, ii. 228.
tolus, 11. 229.
tonila, ii. 198.
torquatus, ii. 228, 230, 233.
—— trite, ii. 146.
trotlus, ii. 242.
trojanus, ii. 228.
tros, ii, 228.
tryzus, il, 387.
— tulana, ii. 197.
—— tullius, i. 452.
—— turnus, ii, 241, 242.
—— ulopos, ii. 212.
valens, i. 438.
valentina, i. 99.
vanille, i. 171.
vellida, ii, 684.
venus, ii. 13.
verbena, ii. 254.
victorinus, ii, 235.
victorinus, ii. 236, 237.
virbius, ii. 584.
virgilia, i. 97.
vitreus, li. 852.
vulneratus, ii. 236.
zanthopleura, ii. 234, 238.
xanticles, li. 221.
xenarchus, ii. 210.
cenarchus, ii. 211.
zagreus, ii. 233, 234.
zalates, ii. 233.
—— zestos, 11. 190.
zestos, ii. 191, 192, 205.
zeuris, ii, 195.
zonaria, ii. 220.
PAPILIONIDA, ii. 113.
PaPpriLioNIn&, il. 188.
Papilionina, ii. 1138.
PARACARYSTUS, ii. 587.
—— hypargyra, ii. 588.
koza, ti. 588.
menetriest, 11. 588.
Paradopea calega, ii. 470.
garita, li. 469.
PaRaDnr0os, ii. 347.
Paradros, ii. 349, 350.
formosus, ii. 348.
—— oriander, ii. 348.
ortander, ii. 349.
—— pheenice, ii. 348.
PaRarDEs, ii. 515.
Paraides, ii. 517.
— eygita, ii. 515, 516.
asilas, ii. 515.
—— ocrinus, ii. 516.

PILI TTT

INDEX.

Paraides ocrinus, ii. 515.
PaRAMECERA, i. 100; ii. 660.
Paramecera, i. 101; ii. 658.
xicaque, i. 101; i. 660.
—— ricaque, ii. 659.
ParaMimves, ii. 438.
Paramimus, ii. 408.
herbertt, ii. 488.
leucarta, 11. 438.
monostigma, ii. 438.
stigma, ii. 488.
Paraminus talaus, ii. 354.
Pararge, i. 100.

megera, i. 100.
PARATRYTONE, ii, 487.
Paratrytone, ii. 463, 497.
polyclea, ii. 488.
rhexenor, ii. 488,
rhexenor, ii. 487.
PAaRNES, i. 426.

—— nycteis, i. 426.
PARPHORDS, il. 576,
storax, ii. 576.

storax, ii. 577, 604.
Parrhasius hemon, ii. 17.
Pavonia ajaz, i. 135.
automedon, i. 137.
brasiliensis, 1. 132.
dardanus, i. 134.

—— eurylochus, i. 131.

, var, brasiliensis, i. 131.
—— ilioneus, i. 183.

—— memnon, i. 1383.

—— oileus, i. 182.

—— scamander, i. 132.
telamonius, 1. 134.
telemachus, i. 136.
uranus, 1. 136.
PEDALIODES, i. 102; ii. 661.
Pedaliodes, i. 106.

cremera, i. 105.
cremona, i. 105.
dejecta, i. 103, 104.
hulda, i. 104; ii. 661.
hulda, ii. 662.

——-~ lithochalcis, i. 103, 104.
—— manis, i. 103; ii. 661.
—— mycalesoides, ii. 661.
—— nape, i. 104.

— oeellifera, i. 105.
perperna, i. 104; ii. 661.
—— pisonia, i. 103; ii. 661.
pisonta, i. 104.
polusea, i. 105.

—— pravithea, i. 105.

—— subrufescens, ii. 661.
triaria, 1. 105; ii. 662.
Pedalioides perperna, i. 104,

771

PELLICIA, ii. 267.

Pellicia, ii. 866, 368, 369, 370, 371,
372, 373, 374.

albangula, ii. 687.

bessus, ii. 369.

bilinea, ii. 371.

bromias, ii. 370.

bromias, ii. 365, 368.

corinna, ii. 637.

costimacula, ii. 370.

costimacula, ii. 868, 371, 372,

374.

didia, ii. 371.

—— didia, ii. 368.

—— dimidiata, 11. 637.

ephora, ii. 637.

—— tthrana, ii. 373.

licisca, 11. 637.

macareus, ii. 369.

macareus, ii. 368, 370.

—— meno, ii. 372.

meno, ii. 368.

—— nyctineme, ii. 370.

—— nyctineme, ii. 368.

—— polyctor, ii. 373.

polyctor, ii, 868.

— thyestes, ii. 372.

—— thyestes, ii. 368.

-—— tiphys, il. 368.

—— tiphys, ii. 369, 370.

PEREUTE, ii. 113, 728.

Pereute, ii. 114, 115.

callinice, ii. 115.

—— charops, ii. 114, 723.

—— charops, 11. 118, 115.

cheops, ii. 115.

chiriquensis, ii. 115.

leucodrosime, ii. 115.

Perta, i, 239.

PERICHARES, ll. 630.

Perichares, ii. 463, 683.

agrippa, ii. 632.

agrippa, ii. 631.

corydon, ii. 631.

corydon, ii. 632.

lotus, ii, 632.

lotus, ii. 630, 631.

marmorata, ii. 631.

PERIDROMIA, i. 270; ii. 689.

Peridromia, i. 267.

—— amphinome, i. 271; ii. 690.

——— amphinome, i. 272.

arete, 1, 270, 271.

arethusa, i. 270; ii. 689.

arethusa, i. 271.

arienis, i. 272.

arinome, i, 272,

—— epinome, i. 274.

772

Peridromia feronia, i. 273.
—— feronia, i. 274.
fornax, i. 272.
Sornax, i. 273.

—— guatemalena, i. 278; ii. 690.

—— guatemalena, i. 270, 274.
iphthime, i. 274.
—— mexicana, i, 271.
PERIMELES, li. 542.
Perimeles, ii. 539, 540, 544.
—— remus, ii. 543.
PEROPHTHALMA, i. 451.
—— tenera, i. 451.
tenera, 1. 379, 426, 452.
Perrhybris, ii. 128.
ostrolenka, ii, 129.
PHANES, i. 741.

—— justinianus, ii. 741.
Puanis, ii. 548.

Phanis, ii. 741.
justinianus, ii. 549.
Justinianus, ii. 741.
Puanvts, ii. 352.

vitreus, ii, 352.
vitreus, ii. 353.
Phareas, ii. 347, 353, 354.
crinisus, ii. 350.
Sormosus, ii. 348.
loxus, 11. 398.

—— priscus, ii, 852.
Pheles, i. 408.

alicia, i. 413.
PHEMIADES, ii. 528.
Phemiades, ii. 463, 519.
augias, ii. 476.
ephesus, ii. 580.
propertius, ii. 528.
propertius, ii. 529.
PHERZUS, ii. 578.
epidius, ii. 579.
Philognoma, i. 825.
Philotes sonorensis, ii. 103.
PHLEBODES, ii. 552.
Phlebodes, ii. 463, 576, 577.
attona, ii. 579, 606.
—— justinoides, ii, 543.
koza, ii. 587.
pertinaz, ii. 558.
storax, li. 576.

—— tiberius, ii. 553.
tebertus, ii. 578.
etrga, ii, 591.
PHOCIDES, ii, 292, 733.
Phocides, ii. 290, 634.
belus, ii, 293, 733.
cruentus, ii, 296.
—— distans, ii. 294, 733.

INDEX.

Phoeides distans, ii, 293, 295, 731.

lilea, ii. 296, 733.

— lilea, ii, 295.

—— palemon, ii. 295.

palemon, ii. 292, 296.

perdlus, ii. 293.

—— pygmalion, ii. 292, 733.

—— pygmalion, ii. 265, 298, 294, 731.

spurius, ii. 295.

urania, ii. 294, 733.

urania, ii. 295.

vida, ii. 295.

Puasis, ii. 142, 726.

Phebis, ii. 139, 140, 148, 146.

—— agarithe, ii. 145, 726.

argante, ii, 144.

argante, ii, 141, 142, 145.

bracteolata, ii. 1438.

cipris, ii, 1438, 145.

—— eypris, ii, 144, 145.

hersilia, ii. 144,

intermedia, ii. 148.

arrigata, ii. 143.

neocypris, ii. 143.

—— rurina, ii. 143, 726.

rurina, ii. 142, 144.

—— trite, ii. 146.

—— virgo, li. 1438,

PHEDINDS, li. 335,

aventinus, li. 335.

caicus, li. 335.

mexicanus, ii, 336, 337.

PHOLIsORA, ii. 441.

Pholisora, ii. 429, 438, 442,

—— alpheus, ii, 442.

azteca, ii. 433.

catullus, ii. 441, 448.

ceos, ii, 432.

— clytius, ii. 442.

—— mexicana, ii. 441.

—— mexicana, ii. 442.

nessus, ii, 452,

PHYCANASSA, ii. 488,

Phycanassa, ii. 462.

psaumis, ii. 489.

viator, ii, 488, 489,

Puyciopks, i. 190; ii. 677.

Phyciodes, i. 176, 181, 183, 188, 191
202, 209; i. 675.

—— alethes, i. 202.

—— alexon, 11. 681.

—— anieta, i. 197.

—— anieta, i. 198, 199, 209.

—— anomalus, ii. 679.

——— ardys, i. 204; ii, 681.

—— ardys, i. 205.

argentea, 1. 207; ii. 681.

Phyciodes atronia, i. 206.

atronia, i. 207, 208, 209.

boucardi, i. 194; ii. 678.

boucardi, i. 195, 196.

cassiopea, i. 207.

casstoped, 1. 208.

chromis, i. 208.

cincta, i. 197.

claudina, i. 197, 198.

cho, i. 209.

— cluvia, i. 198.

crithona, i. 206.

cyneas, 1.191; ii. 677.

—— cyneas, ii. 675.

cynisca, i. 191.

—— cyno, ii. 681.

diallus, i. 207.

— diallus, i. 208.

drymea, i. 205.

drymea, i. 190; ii. 681.

—— dymas, ii. 679.

—— dymas, i. 196.

elada, i. 196; ii. 679.

—— ezra, i. 192; ii. 677.

—— ezra, i. 191.

—— faustus, ii. 680.

Slavia, i. 198, 199.

fragilis, i. 198; ii. 680.

Sragilis, i. 190, 197, 199.

frisia, 1. 203.

—— fulgora, i. 206.

—— fulvia, i. 191 ; ii. 675.

fulviplaga, i. 208.

—— fulviplaga, i. 206.

graphica, i. 195.

—— guatemalena, i. 198, 199.
—— hepburni, ii. 679.

—— hera, i. 201,

hermas, i. 204.

hermas, ti. 681.

imitata, i. 196; ii. 679.

larunda, i. 196.

——— leanira, i. 191.

lelex, 1. 202.

—— leucodesma, i. 197.

leucodesma, i. 190.

—— lriope, i. 190, 198.

lutescens, i. 199.

——— lutescens, i. 200.

morpheus, i. 193.

—— mylitta, ii. 678.

—— mylitta, i. 209.

nebulosa, i. 205.

nebulosa, ii. 681.

nigrella, i. 199,

nigrella, i. 190, 200.

niveonotis, i. 200.

Phyciodes obseurata, i. 209.

—— orseis, i. 193; ii. 678.

orseis, i. 194.

orthia, 1. 200.

otanes, i. 208.

otanes, i. 207, 209; ii. 681.

—— pallescens, i. 195; ii. 678.

pallida, i. 195.

—— phaon, ii. 677.

—- phaon, i. 193, 196 ; ii. 678.

—— phlegias, ii. 680.

—— picta, i. 193; ii. 678.

polina, i. 209.

poltis, i. 200.

pratensis, i, 194.

—— ptolyca, i. 201; ii. 680.

ptolyea, i. 202, 203, 204, 207,
209.

—— sitalces, i. 201.

—— socia, i. 196.

sopolis, i. 209.

—— sopolis, i. 207, 208; ii. 681.

sosis, 1. 205.

stestlea, i. 202.

subota, i. 204.

subota, i. 205; ii. 681.

texana, i. 200; ii. 680.

—— terana, 1. 190, 201, 204.

—— tharos, i. 193; ii. 677.

tharos, i. 190, 191, 202; i. 678.

—— thebais, 1. 194.

—— theona, 1. 192; ii. 677.

theona, i. 191.

—— thymetus, i. 209.

—— tulcis, i. 208; ii. 681.

vesta, i. 195; ii. 678.

vesta, i. 194, 196.

—— yorita, i. 192.

PIERELLA, i. 66; 11. 650.

Pierella, i. 63, 65.

—— astyoche, i. 67.

helvina, i. 68, 69.

—— hyceta, i. 67.

incanescens, i. 68; ii. 651.

incanescens, i. 69,

lamia, 1. 67.

latona, i. 67.

—— luna, i. 66; ii. 650.

—— luna, i. 67, 68.

nereis, i. 69.

ocreata, i. 68.

ocreata, i. 69.

pallida, i. 67.

rhea, i. 67, 68.

rubecula, i. 67 ; ii. 651.

—— rubecula, i. 68.

Preera, ii. 113.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1901.

INDEX.

PIERINS, ii. 113.

Pieris, ii. 128, 724.

Preris, ii. 129, 184, 187, 188, 188.
alethina, ii. 129.
amathonte, 11. 128.
aripa, i. 726.

austa, li. 724.
avivolans, ii. 126.
— balidia, ii. 1386, 187.
— bunie, ii. 135.

cesta, li. 187.

—— calydonia, ii. 181.
calydonta, 11. 128, 129.
—— daplidice, i. 176.

—— demophile, ii. 128, 131.
elodia, ii. 186, 726.
elodia, ii. 129, 187.
habra, ii. 183.

alatre, ii. 135.

wsandra, ii. 189.

—— josepha, ii. 135, 725.
josepha, ii. 129.
Josephina, ii. 185.

—— kicaha, ii. 725.

—— laogore, il. 184.
leonoris, ii, 127.
locusta, ii. 184, 726,
—— lycimnia, ii. 189.
malerka, ii. 129.

—— malenka, ii. 128, 130.
-—— marana, i. 725.

——— marana, ii. 724.

—— margarita, 11. 135.
—— margarita, ii. 129, 186, 138.
—— monuste, il. 132, 725.
—— monuste, i. 129.

—— mysia, ii. 135.
nehemia, ii. 174, 188.
nemesis, ii. 174, 179.
noctipennis, ii. 134, 726.
—— notistriga, ii. 182.
notistriga, ii. 129, 725.
~—— oleracea, ii. 187.
ostrolenka, 11. 130.
pandosia, ti, 132.
pasion, ii. 127.

—— phileta, ii. 725.
prsonis, ii. 132.
polyhymnia, ii. 139.
—— protodice, ii. 130, 724.
protodice, ii. 128, 129.
—— pyrrha, ii. 130.

sevata, ii. 724.

—— sp.?, ii. 137.

—— suadella, ii. 137.

— tenuicornis, ii. 137.
tenuicornis, ii. 129.

“I
i
©

Pieris viardi, ii. 133, 725.
viardt, ii. 129, 184.
Pindis, i. 74.
—— squamistriga, i. 80.
Pirgus polyctor, ii. 378.
polyotor, ii. 373.
Plesioneura eligius, ii, 382.
PLEsTIA, ii. 289.
—— dorus, ii. 290.
—— elwesi, ii. 289.
—— staudingeri, ii. 289.
staudingert, ii. 290.
Pleusioneura fritzgertneri, ii. 636,
738, 739.
Plutargus epictetus, ii. 582.
Poanes, ii. 487, 488, 567,
massasott, ii. 487.
Poanopsis, ii. 486.
Poanopsis, ii. 567.
puxillius, ii. 487.
Polygonia interrogations, ii. 683.
Polygonus, ii. 303.
~—-— lividus, ii. 304.
Polyommatus calus, ii. 80.
comyntas, ii. 108.
—— jebus, ui. 42, 48.
Polystichtis ocypore, i. 442.
Porystiema, i. 469.
Polystigma, i. 458.
nais, i. 469.
Polythriz, ii. 270, 285.
Porphyrogenes, it. 342.
PoTAMANAX, il. 392.
Potamanaxz, ii. 403.
caliadne, ii. 393.
caliadne, ii. 394.
latrea, ii. 393.
latrea, ii. 394.
melicertes, 11. 393.
pammenes, ii. 392.
—— pammenes, ii. 393.
paralus, ii. 392.
—— thestia, ii. 392, 393.
— thoria, ii. 392.
—— untfasciata, ii. 392.
xantholeuce, ii. 393.
Potamis conspicua teucer, i, 133.
superba, i. 123.
invire, i. 127.
thalpius, i. 320.
PRENES, ii. 507.
Prenes, ii. 463, 499, 506, 508, 512,
524, 556.
ares, i. 510.
ares, ii. 511.
corrupta, ii. 510.
—— eugeon, ii. 507.

174

Prenes evadnes, ii. 508.
evadnes, ii. 507, 509.
hecebolus, ii. 511.

nero, ii. 509.

nero, 11. 507, 512, 524.
ocola, ii.,511.

ocola, ii. 507.

panoguin, ii. 507.

—— pauper, ii. 509.

—— pauper, ii. 507, 508.
—— philippina, ii. 510.
—— phalippina, ii. 507.

—— sylvicola, ii. 509.

vala, li. 512.
Prepon, i. 320; ii. 694.
Prepona, i. 324, 328; ii. 695.
lia, ii. 694.

—— amphimachus, i. 322.
—— amphimachus, i, 323,
——— amphitoe, i. 322; ii. 696.
— brooksiana, ii. 695.
—— camilla, i. 321.

camilla, i. 322.

deiphile, ii. 695.
demodice, i, 323, 324.
demophon, i, 320; ii. 694.
—— demophon, i. 321, 322.
gnorima, i, 323; ii. 695.
menander, i. 322, 323.
—— pheedra, i. 322.
synchroma, ii. 694.

Princeps heroicus protesilaus, ii, 215.

thoas, ii. 228,
PRONOPHILA, i. 111.
Pronophila, i. 102, 106, 110, 112.
dejecta, 1. 103.

hilara, 1. 107.

—— letifica, i. 108.

—— manis, i. 1038.

———— mycalesoides, ii. 661.
pasicrates, i. 105.
patrobas, i. 106
perperna, i. 104.
prsonia, i. 108.
puerta, i. 109.
tauropolrs, i. 108.
timanthes, i. 111.
PROTEDES, 11. 301, 734.
Proteides, 11. 308, 531.
amphion, ii. 318.
—— ampyx, ii. 621.

—— angasi, ii. 802.

——— argyrina, ii. 514, 516,
brinoides, 11. 614.
—— .c@so, li. 525, 526.
callidemas, ii. 516.
chiriquensis, ii. 468, 530, 58).

INDEX.

Proteides cicus, ii. 519.
cincta, 1. 329.

coridon, 11. 631.
coscinia, 11. 511.
evadnes, ii, 508.
hundurensis, ii. 625.
idas, ii. 801, 734.

adas, ii. 802, 508.
laurens, ii. 627.
martius, ii. 527.
merenda, 11. 525, 526.
—— milo, ii. 620.

modius, ii. 529, 580.
—— meros, ii. 614, 615.
—— myna, li. 6138, 614.
ocrinus, 11. 516.

—— othna, ii. 519.

—— pauper, ii. 509.

—— pygmalion, 11. 265.
stilto, 11. 529, 5380.
subcordatus, 11. 619, 620.
viridiceps, U. 525, 526.
volesus, ii. 600.
xarippe, i. 519,
Protesilaus leilus, ii. 213.
PROTOGONIUS, i. 857 ; ii. 699.
Protogonius, i. 331, 355, 358.
cecrops, 1. 867 ; 11. 699.
cecrops, i. 358.

—— hippona, i. 358.
tithoreides, i. 358.
Pseudolycena cadmus, ii. 27.
Pseudomennis coccinea, i. 428.
Pseudopheles, i, 411.
PsEUDOPIERIS, ii. 187.
Pseudopreris, ui. 174.
nehemia, ii. 188.
PsEvposcaDA, i. 55.

utilla, 1. 55.
PTrERONYMIA, 1. 42; ii. 646.
Pteronymia, i. 61.

agalla, 1. 47; ii. 647.
———— alemena, i. 48.

aletta, i. 47.

-—— aletta, i. 43.

alinda, 1. 46.

alope, 1. 43.

——— artena, 1. 44; ii. 646.

—— artena, i. 49, 48, 45; ii. 647.

azara, i, 34.

cotytto, 1. 44; ii. 647,
—— donella, ii. 647.

~—— fnlvescens, i. 46.
JSulvescens, i. 47.

—— fulvimargo, i. 47.
—— fulvimargo, i. 46.
notilla, i. 46; ii. 647,

Pteronymia olyrilla, i. 46.
parva, i. 44.

rufocincta, i. 45.
salyinia, i. 41, 42.
simplex, i. 45; ii. 647.
-—— simpler, i. 44; ii. 646.
tigranes, i. 42.

—— tigranes, 1. 43, 45; ii. 646.
timagenes, ii. 646.
tutia, 1. 34.
Pterygospidea phagesta, ii. 416.
sephara, il. 361.
Pycina, i. 380.

zamba, 1. 330, 331.
zelys, i. 331.
PYRAMEIS, i. 217 ; ii. 683.
atalanta, i. 219; ii. 684.
eallirhoe, i, 219.

—— cardul, i. 217; ii. 683.
—— cardut, i. 218, 219.

—— carye, 1. 219; ii. 684.

' —— carye, i, 218.

—— huntera, i. 218 ; ii. 683.
—— huntera, i. 219.
kershawi, i. 218.
kershawt, ii. 684.
Pyrgus, ii. 449, 452.

alana, ii. 446.

albescens, ii. 637.
georgina, li. 635, 741.
ensolatrix, ii. 637.

leca, li. 448.

lycurgus, ii. 637.
macaira, ii. 447,
montivagus, ii. 450.
syrichtus, ii, 449,

textor, ii, 501.

thestia, ti. 392.

varus, li. 637.

Pyrisitia, ii. 154, 155,
gundlachia, ii. 156.

——— proterpia, ii. 155.
PYRRHOGYRA, i. 291; ii. 691.
Pyrrhogyra, i. 211, 277.
crameri, i, 293.

—— cramert, i. 292.

—— cupari, i, 293,

—— edocla, i. 292,

—— edocla, i. 291, 298.

~——— hypsenor, i. 292; ii. 691.
—— hypsenor, i. 291.

—— neerea, i. 291, 292, 293.
—— neis, i, 298, 294.

—— otolais, i. 298.

-—— otolars, i. 291, 294.

—— tipha, i. 291.

tipha, i. 292, 293; ii, 691.

PL] T |

Pyrrhogyra tiphus, i. 291.
Pyrrhopyga, ii. 246.
acastus, ii. 254.
esculapus, ii. 251.
—— affinis, ii, 255.

—— amra, ii. 255.

azeta, ii. 263, 264.
chalybea, ii. 250.

—— cosyra, ii. 258.

creon, ii. 251.

crida, li. 259.

cyclops, ii. 261, 252.
— cydonia, ii. 250.
cyrillus, ii. 252, 258.
—— dulcinea, ii. 249.
—— dysoni, ii, 264, 731, 733.
——- erythrosticta, il. 252.
galgala, 11. 256.

—— hewitsoni, ii. 262.
hospita, 11. 261.
Jonas, ii. 250.

—— luteizona, ii. 259.
menecrates, ii. 248.
patrobas, ii. 261, 263.
pedaia, ii. 259.
persela, ii. 266.-

—— phidias, ii. 246.
ponina, 11. 257.

—— scylla, ii. 249.
socrates, 11. 463, 609.
spatiosa, 11. 258.
strigifera, ii. 256.
—— thasus, ii. 247.

—— variegaticeps, ii. 251.
—— venezuela, ii. 254.

vulcanus, ii. 262, 263.

zereda, ii. 250, 251.
PyrRHOPYGE, ii. 246, 731.
Pyrrhopyge, ii. 245, 247, 248, 249,

250, 252, 253, 257, 258, 259, 260,
267, 290, 292, 634.

—— esculapius, ii. 251.
esculapius, ii. 246.
agathon, 11. 252.
araxes, li. 252.
araxes, ii, 253, 731.
arizona, Ui. 2538.
chalybea, ii. 250.
chalybea, ii. 251.
charybdis, ii. 247.
creon, ii. 251.
creon, ii. 252.
erythrosticta, ii. 252.
erythrosticta, 11. 246.
Jluminis, ii. 247.
gazert, ii, 248.
— gellias, ii, 248, 731.

INDEX.

Pyrrhopyge hadassa, ii. 248.
heemon, i. 248.

—— hewitsont, ti. 262.
hospita, ii. 261.

—— hygieta, ii, 250, 251.
—— hyperict, ii. 246, 247.
jonas, ii, 250.

jonas, ii. 246.
latifascia, ii. 247.
—— maculosa, ii. 252.

—— menecrates, ii, 248.
menecrates, ii. 249, 250.
—— phidias, ii, 246.
—— phidias, ii. 247, 253.
—— phylleia, ii. 248.
rufinucha, ii. 251.
—— rufipectus, 11. 251.
—— scylla, ii. 249.
scylla, ii. 248.
socrates, ii. 684.
——- thasus, ii. 247.
venezuela, ii. 254.
zeleucus, ii. 247, 249.
zenodorus, ii. 247.
zenodorus, li. 249.
PYRRHOPYGINA, ii. 245.
Pyrrhopygine, ii. 244,
Pyrrhopygint, ii. 245.
PyRRHOPYGOPSIS, l. 634.
Pyrrhopygopsis, ii. 468, 609.
orasus, li. 634.
Pyrrhosidia, ii. 479.
Pyrrhosticta, ii. 234.
—— letitia, ii. 234.
—— vulnerata, ii. 236.
PYTHONIDES, ii. 358, 788.
Pythonides, ii. 360, 898, 399, 401,
415, 424, 438, 439.
amaryllis, ii. 356, 402.
anicius, ii. 360.
belti, ii. 360.
cerialis, ii. 358, 738.
cerialis, ii. 859, 360, 361, 401.

—- cobarus, ii. 361.

—— contubernalis, ii. 359.
— contubernalis, 11. 360.
fabricit, ii, 401.
geometrinus, ii. 400.
—— hyacinthinus, 11. 362.
—— hyacinthinus, ii. 363.
jovianus, ii. 401, 402.
— leucaspis, 11. 408.
loxus, ii. 358, 398.
—— lugubris, ii. 361.
—— lugubris, ii. 362, 415.
—— menedemus, li. 362.
—— menedemus, ii. 363.

779

Pythonides pelopea, ii. 363.
—— phila, ii. 863.
polla, ii. 899.
— pranis, i. 3859.
—— sallei, ii. 448.
—— satyrus, ii. 439.
—— scybis, ii. 363.
—— stigma, il. 488.
—— subalbatus, ii. 400.
—— subornatus, ii. 400.
truncatus, ii. 361.

—— tryxus, il. 387.
—— zera, ii. 362.
—— zera, ii. 363.
—— zonula, ii. 400.

RHABDODRYAS, ii. 146, 726.
Rhabdodryas, ii. 140.

trite, i. 146, 726.
RHABDOIDES, ii. 331.
Rhabdordes, ii. 332, 334.
—— cellus, ii. 331.

cellus, 11. 329, 382, 333.
—— epigona, li, 382.
epigona, ii. 333, 3841.
Rhetus crameri, i. 391.
RuHINTHON, il. 530.
Rhinthon, ii. 468, 562.

alus, ii. 532.

alus, 11. 580, 536.

—— chiriquensis, ii. 531.
chiriquensis, ii. 580.
—— cynea, ii. 531.

cynea, 11. 5380, 5382, 856,
546.

epaphus, ii. 533.
epaphus, ii. 630.

kasus, 1. 546.

—— megalops, ii. 533.
megalops, ii. 531, 562.
melius, ii. 532.

melius, 11. 5380, 588.
Rhiodina, i. 415.

Rhodocera clorinde, ii. 148.
gueneeana, 11. 149.
lucordairet, ii. 149.
lyside, 11. 150.

—— merula, 11. 149.
Rusticus acmon, ii. 108.
adolescens hanno, ii. 106.
minyas, ii. 6.

Sais, i. 15.

SARBIA, ii. 259.

—— luteizona, 11. 259,
oneka, ii. 260.
anthippe, ii. 259.

562

176.

Sanora, i, 434; ii. 703,
Sarota, i. 485, 437.
acanthovdes, i, 437,
acantus, i, 437.

—— chrysus, i. 435; ii. 703.
chrysus, i. 434.

—— dematria, i. 435.
—— gamelia, i. 436.

—— gyas, i. 436.

—— gyas, i. 434, 435, 437.
—— myrtea, i, 487; ii. 703.
psaros, i. 437.

- SATYRINA, i. 62.

Satyrus phares, i. 88.
Scapa, i. 14,

Scada, i. 15.

eurimedia, 1. 15.
—— gazoria, i. 15.
xanthina, i. 14,
xanthina, i. 15.
zemtra, i. 15.

zibia, i. 15.
SCANTILLA, ii. 437.

——— opites, ii. 487,
SIDERONE, i. 381; ii. 696.
Stderone, i. 333, 354.

——- ellops, i. 332; ii. 696.
ide, i. 833; ii, 696.
— ide, i. 331, 334,
isidora, i. 381.

—— istdora, i. 382.

—— itys, i, 332.

—— mars, i. 384.
marthesia, i. 333, 334.
—— polymela, i. 334.
syntyche, 1. 334.
thebais, 1. 338.
vulcanus, i, 334.
Siseme, i. 415.

Sithon jebus, ii, 42.
SMYRNA, i. 329; ii, 696.
Smyrna, i. 330.

—— blomfildia, i. 829; ii. 696.
blomfildia, i. 330.
blomfildit, i. 329.
—— karwinskii, i. 3380.
karwinskit, i, 329,
SostRATA, ii. 397,
leucorrhoa, ii. 397.
pusilla, ii. 398,
scintillans, ii. 397.
seintillans, ti. 398.
SPATHILEPIA, ii, 298,
clonius, ii. 298.
terranea, ii. 340.
Sphenogona, ii. 154, 157.
constantia, ii. 161.
— fabiola, ii. 160.

INDEX.

Sphenogona limonea, ii. 160.
mexicana, ii. 158.

Spilothyrus notabilis, ii. 452.
SPIONIADES, ii. 364.

Sproniades, ii. 365.

abbreviata, ii. 365.

artemides, ii, 364.

artemides, ii. 365.

Stalachtis, 1. 452.

STaPHYLUS, ii. 429, 740.

Staphylus, ii. 437, 456.

ascalaphus, ii, 432.
ascalaphus, 11. 429, 431, 433,
635, 740,

aurocapilla, ii. 431.
aurocapilla, ii, 482.

—— aztecus, ii. 433.

brennus, ii. 434.

brennus, ii. 435.

ceos, li. 482.

cevs, 11, 481.

cupreiceps, 11. 430.

cupreiceps, ii. 431.

cyclops, ii. 430.

cylindus, 11. 430.

evemerus, ii. 436,

evippe, il. 433.

evippe, ii. 434,

giselus, ii. 435.

giselus, ii. 434.

hayhursti, ii. 433.

imbras, ii. 435.

—— mazans, ii. 740.

—— orsines, ii. 434,

saletas, ii. 436.

saletas, ii. 435.

unifascia, ii. 437,

Steropes, ii. 466.

Stiboges, i. 362.

STOMYLES, ii. 501.

Stomyles, ii. 462, 505.

—— comus, ii. 502.
—— comus, li. 508.
-—— florus, ii. 502.
—— florus, ii. 501.
—— nereus, 11. 502,
nereus, 1i. 501.
—— tertor, ii. 501.
tolteca, ii. 501.
Strymon agricolor, ii.
celicolor, ii. 66.
—— melinus, ii. 92.
pastor, ii, 34,
SymMacuia, i. 415; ii. 702.
Symmachia, i, 416, 417, 447,
accusatrix, i. 416; ii. 702.
—— amazonica, i. 448,

belti, i. 417,

PITT TILT

34,

Symmachia championi, i. 417; ii.
702.

cleonyma, i. 418.

domitianus, 1. 448.

—— emesia, i. 416; ii. 702,

fatima, i. 416.

harmodius, i. 418.

harmonia, i. 449,

ino, i. 449.

—— juratriz, 1. 418.

lampeto, i. 448.

leena, i. 418.

menetas, i. 415, 416, 419.

probetor, 1. 416, 417, 418.

rhacotis, i. 449.

rubina, i. 419 ; ii. 702.

—— threissa, i. 417.

threissa, 1. 415, 416.

tricolor, i. 424,

yucatanensis, i. 416; ii. 702.

Synalpe euryale, i. 178.

SYNCHLOE, i. 176; ii. 671.

Synchioe, i. 211.

adelina, 1. 177, 178.

—— adjutrix, 1.177, 178.

ardema, i. 177, 178.

—— bonplandi, i. 182; ii. 673.

-bonplandi, i. 176, 183.

erocale, 1.177, 178.

—— dryope, ii. 672.

—- endeis, ii. 673.

erodyle, i. 180; ii. 672.

—— erodyle, i. 181.

eumeda, ii. 672.

—— gaudialis, i. 182; ii. 673.

—— hippodrome, i. 179.

—— hyleus, ii. 673.

—— hyperia, i. 179; ii. 672.

janais, i. 178; ii. 671.

lacinia, i. 176; ii. 671.

—— lacima, i. 177,178, 179.

—— marina, i. 181; ii. 6738.

—— mediatrizx, i. 177, 178.

—— melanarge, i.179; ii. 672.

melanarge, i. 180.

—— melitzoides, i. 181.

—— misera, 1. 177, 178.

—— monuste, ii. 182.

—— narva, i. 176, 182.

—— paupera, i. 177,178, 179.

perezt, i. 176.

—— peecile, i. 180; ii, 672,

pretona, i. 177, 178.

—— quehtala, i. 177, 178.

saunderstt, 1.177, 178.

tellias, i. 177, 178.

tulita, i. 176,

Syrichthus domicella, ii. 444.

Syrichtus notatus, ii. 451.
oceanus, ii, 447,
Syrmatia, i. 399.
SysTaskKa, ii. 410.
Systasea, ui. 409.

corrosa, ii. 412.
emorsa, ii. 413,

—— erosa, ii. 411.

- erosa, ii, 412, 413.
funebris, ii. 411.
—— funebris, ii. 412, 413.
—— pulverulenta, ii. 413.
—— pulverulenta, ii. 410.
—— zampa, ii. 410, 413.

Tagiades chacona, ii. 637.
doria, ii. 637,
monartus, ii. 637.
—— teniatus, ii. 637.
vincula, ii. 637.
TALIDES, li. 682.

Talides, ii. 463, 630, 633.
athenton, ii. 480, 481.
chiomara, ii. 629.
—— sergestus, li. 633.
striga, ii. 542, 556.
Tamyris strigifera, ii. 256.
TARSOCTENUS, ii. 290.
Tarsoctenus, ii. 270, 302.
—— corytas, ii. 291.
gaudialis, 11. 290.
—— papias, ii, 291, 292.
perissographus, ii. 291.
—— perissographus, ii. 292.
plutia, ii. 291.
Taxtla, i. 362.

TAYGETIS, i. 94; in. 659.
Taygetis, i. 71, 72, 74, 96.

andromeda, i. 97, 99.
armillata, i.96; i. 659.
armillata, i. 95.

-—— chelys, i. 97.

——— chrysogone, i. 97.
excavata, i. 95, 96.
incerta, i. 84, 85.

—— jimna, i. 96.

keneza, i. 99; 11. 659.
—— keneza, i. 100.

—— kerea, i. 100 ; ii. 660.
kerea, i. 94.

leuctra, i. 98.
mermeria, 1. 95.

—— mermeria, i. 96.
nympha, i. 97 ; ii. 659.
—— penelea, i. 100; ii. 660.
sulvini, ii. 659.
satyrina, i, 84.

andromeda, i. 98; ii. 659.

INDEX.

Taygetis sylvia, i. 98, 99.
thamyra, i. 98.
—— valentina, i. 99; ii. 660.
—— valentina, i. 94, 100.
—— virgilia, i. 97 ; ii. 659.
—— virgilia, i. 95, 98,

——, var. rufomarginata,
ii. 659.
uzza, 1. 98.
zenana, i. 99.
zimrt, i. 99, 100.
TELEGONDS, ii. 805, 734.
Telegonus, ii. 307, 311, 3238, 344.
advena, li. 328.
— alardus, ii. 308.
albociliatus, ii. 333.
—— ampyzx, ii. 306.

—— anaphus, ii. 305.

— anaphus, ii. 306, 307, 312, 314,

315, 342, 348, 344.
—— apastus, ii. 310.
—— apastus, ii. 307, 308, 309.
astylos, ii. 324.
cepio, ii, 822, 736.
—— chiriquensis, ii. 3808.
chiriquensis, ii, 626.
consus, ii, 309.
—— consus, li. 635, 734, 736.
cous, ii, 735, 736.
—— creteus, ii. 307.
—— creteus, ii. 308.
—— dexo, ii. 328, 326.
egregius, ii. 314.
elorus, ii. 308.
erythus, ii. 326.
eudemusg, ii. 310,
evathlus, ii. 322.
—— fulgurator, ii. 311.
—— gailius, ii. 315.
gizala, ii. 736.

—— grullus, ii. 308.
habana, ii. 309.
—— hahneli, ii. 306.
—— hahnelt, ii. 307.
henrveus, ii. 626.
heras, ii. 325.
hesus, ii. 736.
tmalena, ii. 297,
—— lacydus, ii. 350.
—— lotus, ii. 630, 632.
—— lucas, ii. 616.

—— mardonius, ii. 626.
—— megalurus, ii. 734.
—— megalurus, ii, 635, 735.
—— midas, ii. 324.
—— naros, ii. 312.

—— rotundatus, ii. 329.
—— salatis, ii. 326.

Telegonus tarchon, ii. 280.
vespasius, ii, 737,
TELEMIADES, ii. 316.
Telemiades, ii. 317, 320.
amphion, ii, 318.
amphion, ii. 316, 317, 337.
avitus, ii. 317.

avitus, li. 316, 319.
cepio, ii. 322.
ceramina, ii. 554, 555,
—— hyacinthinus, ii, 362, 363.
—— hybridus, ii. 366.

—— megallus, ii, 318.
megallus, li. 316.

—— phasias, ii. 317.

— pherenice, ii. 320.

——— phocus, ii. 320.

—— umber, ii. 341.

TELLES, ii. 518.

—— arcalaus, ii. 519.
TEMENIS, i. 238; ii. 686.
Temenis, i. 237, 239,
ariadne, i. 238 ; ii, 686.
arvadne, i. 239, 240.
—— merione, i. 239.
pulchra, i. 238.

sylphis, i. 237.

TERIAS, i. 154, 727.

Tervas, 11. 157, 163, 172, 173.
agave, ii. 164, 168.
albula, ii. 166.

albula, ii. 154, 167.
arbela, ii. 160.

—— athalia, ii. 164.
bogotana, li. 158.

——- bogotana, ii. 159, 160.
boisduvaliana, ii. 159.

calceolaria, ii. 163.

celata, li. 166, 167.

cepio, ii, 169.

cepio, li. 170.

chilensts, ii. 165.

chloé, 11. 158.
circumeincta, ii. 165, 166.
constantia, ii. 161.
damaris, ii. 157, 158.
— delia, ii. 169.

depuisett, ii. 157, 158, 159.
deva, i. 164,

—— dina, ii. 163.

—— elathea, ii. 170.

—— eugenia, li. 170, 171.

euterpe, li. 162.
euterpe, ii. 154.
fabiola, ii. 160.
Fabiola, ii. 158, 161.
—— fiavilla, ii. 164.

boisduvaliana, ii, 157, 158, 160,

778

Terias gaugamela, ii. 158, 160, 161.

—— gnathene, ii. 167.
—— gratiosa, ii. 160.
grattosa, ii. 159.
—— gundlachia, i. 156.
—— gundlachia, ii. 157.

hahnehi, ii. 164.

ingrata, ii. 159.
jamapa, ii. 160, 161.
jucunda, ii. 168.
jucunda, ii. 170.
leucilla, ii. 166, 167.
—— limbia, ii. 164.
linda, ii. 727.

—— lisa, ii. 162.
longicauda, ii. 156.

—— lydia, ii. 170.

—— lydia, ii. 171.

—— mana, ii. 167.

_—— mana, ii. 168.

—— marginella, ii. 166, 167.

——— messalina, ii. 167.

—— mexicana, ii. 157.
mexicana, ii, 154, 157, 158,
159, 160.
nelphe, ii. 165, 166.
nicippe, ii. 155, 727.
nise, 11. 166.
nisella, i. 165, 166.
palmira, ii. 170, 171.
—— persistens, ii. 170.
persistens, ti. 169, 171.
proterpia, 11. 155.
proterpia, ii. 154.
rhodia, ii. 170, 171.
sidonia, ii. 169.
sidonia, ii. 168, 170.
sinoe, ii, 166.
stygmula, ii. 165, 166.
—— tenella, ii. 165, 727.
—— tenella, ii. 166.

—— theona, 11. 160.

—— venustula, 11. 165, 166.
vitellina, ii. 171.
westwoodit, ii. 163.
xanthochlora, ii. 161, 727.
xanthochiora, ii. 160.
THANAOS, li. 455.

Thanaos, ii. 356, 449, 453, 456, 459.
afranius, ii. 459.
albomarginatus, ii. 458.
alpheus, ii. 442.
funeralis, ii. 456.

—— funeralis, ii. 457, 458.
—— gesta, ii. 453, 456.
tnvisus, i. 455.

—— mestus, ii. 457.

INDEX.

Thanaos pacuvius, ii. 458.
paterculus, ii. 362.
persius, 1. 459.
potrillo, 11. 337, 338.
tages, ii. 456.

tristis, ii. 457.
THARGELLA, ii. 564.
Thargella, ii. 463.
—— fuliginosa, 11. 565.
Tuarops, i. 456; ii. 707.
Sfelsina, ii. 707.
hebrus, i. 456.
——— isthmica, i. 457.
menander, i. 456, 457.
picta, i. 457.
pretus, i. 456, 457.
—— purpurata, i. 456.
purpurata, 1. 457.
splendida, 1. 457.
trotschi, ii. 707.
THEAGENES, ii. 428, 459, 740.
—— egides, ii. 428.
—— egides, ii. 459.
—— albiplaga, ii. 428, 459.
—— hematospila, ii. 460, 461.
—— lactifera, ii. 459.
lactzfera, ii. 461.
noctua, ii. 460.
—— stator, ii. 460.
—— stator, ii. 461.
THECLA, il. 8, 713.
Thecla, ii. 1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 9, 20, 61, 66,

91, 97, 99, 100, 715.

—— egiades, ii. 28, 29.
—— ethesa, ii. 29.
agra, li. 97, 722.
—— agra, ii. 3.
—— agricolor, ui. 34.
—— agricolor, ii. 3.
—— ahola, ii. 65.
—— albata, 11. 94.
—— alda, ii. 87.
—— alea, ii. 95.
—— ambrax, ii. 57.
—— amplia, ii. 75.
—— anthora, ii. 84.
——— ares, ii. 61.
—— ares, ii. 98.
—— arindela, 11. 41.
—— arindela, ii. 40.
—— arpoxais, il. 49.
—— arza, ii, 69.
—— atena, ii, 38.
—— atena, ii. 39.
—— atesa, 11. 38.
—— atrius, 1i. 81.

—— atrius, ii. 79, 80,

Thecla attalion, ii. 60.

—_—_—

atys, ii. 21.

atys, 11, 22.
aufidena, ii. 22, 714.
augustula, ii. 16, 713.
aunia, ii. 64.

aunus, ii. 67.

aura, ii. 60.
autoclea, ii. 76, 720.
avoca, ii. 47.

azia, li, 91, 721.
azurina, ii. 45.
badeta, i. 74, 82, 83.
bacis, ii. 21.

bactra, ii. 74, 75.
balius, ii. 65,

barajo, ii. 30, 715.
barajo, ii. 25.
basalides, 11, 93, 721.
bassania, il. 66, 719.
batest, ii. 11. +
battus, 11. 22.
bebrycia, ii. 93, 721.
beon, ii. 74, 719.
beon, 11. 75, 76, 97.
berea, ii. 95.
bethulia, li. 61, 62.
betula@, ii. 9.

biblia, ii. 61, 98.
blenina, ii. 48.
brescia, ii. 43, 717.
busa, ii. 26, 715.
busa, ii. 27.

cadmus, ii. 27.
cadmus, ii. 28.
calena, ii. 77.
calatia, ii. 68.

calus, ii. 80.

cambes, ii. 53.
camissa, ii. 78.
camissa, ii. 79.
capeta, ii. 75.
caranus, li. 24.
caranus, ii. 4, 25.
carnica, ii. 86.
earpasia, li. 21, 714.
carpophora, ii. 20, 714.
cartheea, ii. 24.
cecina, ii. 35, 36.
celmus, li. 85.
celmus, ii. 97.
cerata, i. 83,

cerata, ii. 84, 85.
ceromia, 1i. 92.
cestri, 1i. 96.
charichlorus, ii. 79.
chonida, ii. 90.

Thecla clarina, ii. 79, 720.
clarina, ii. 80.
cleon, ii. 90.
— coccineifrong, ii. 23.
—— ceelicolor, ii. 66.
celicolor, ii. 67.
—— coronata, ii. 10.
coronata, ii. 11, 12.
—— coronta, ii. 89.
—— critola, ii. 72.
—— crolinus, ii. 63, 719.
crossed, ii. 95.
—— cupentus, ii. 45.
—— cyda, ii. 28.
—— cydrara, ii. 62, 719.
—— cynara, ii. 19. |
—— cyphara, il. 78.
—— cypria, ii. 18, 713.
—— cypria, ii. 3, 14.
—— damo, ii. 15, 713.
—— damo, ii. 2, 16:
—— daraba, ii. 95.
davara, ii. 97.
demea, 1i. 100.
—— demonassa, ii. 80, 720.
—— denarius, ii. 77.
desdemona, ii. 30.
——. dindymus, ii. 64.
—— dodava, ii. 71.
doryasa, ii. 54.
—— ducalis, ii. 138.

—— echion, ii. 68, 719.

——— emessa, ii. 79.

———— empusa, ii. 61, 719.

—— empusa, ii. 62.

—— endela, i. 72.

—— endymion, ii. 78.

—— epidius, ii. 54.
epopea, li. 69.
—— epytus, ii. 40.
—— epytus, ii. 41.
erema, li. 46,
—— erema, ii. 47.
ericeta, ii, 58.
—— erybathis, ii. 26, 715.
—— eunus, ii. 30.
—— eunus, ii. 31.
eurytulus, ii. 96, 721.
—— eurytulus, ii. 3.
Saventia, ii. 51.
Sfavonius, ii. 92.
——~ furina, ii. 28, 715.
—— fusius, ii, 34, 716.
—— gabina, ii. 82, 720.
gabina, ii. 83.
—— gabriela, ii. 11.
——- gadira, ii. 59.

INDEX,

Thecla gadira, ii. 3, 60.
galliena, ii, 67.
ganymedes, i. 11.
—— gaumeri, ii. 714.
——— halesus, ii. 18, 714.
halesus, ii. 19.
—— hecate, ii. 98, 722.
—— hemon, ii. 17, 714.
hemon, ii. 18.
hena, ii. 66.
—— heraclides, ii. 71.
— herodotus, ii. 33, 716.
—— herodotus, ii. 1, 34.
—— hesperitis, ii. 72, 719.
—— hesychia, ii. 87.
hicetas, ii. 87, 720,
hisbon, ii. 17.
—— hugon, ii. 75.
—— hyas, ii. 27.
—— hyperiet, ii. 92.
—— hypsea, ii. 38.
—— iambe, ii. 86.
—— imperialis, ii. 13.
——— imperialis, ii. 14.
——- inachus, ii. 20.
—— inachus, ii. 714.
—— inoa, ii. &8, 721.
—— tnoa, ii. 97.
—— insignis, ii. 99.
—— insignis, ii. 722.
——- iopas, ii. 65.
—— wsobeon, ii. 75,
—— istapa, ii. 96.
—— jada, ii. 35, 716.
Jalan, ii. 22.
—— janias, li. 35, 716.
jantas, il. 36.
—— janthina, ii. 39.
—— jebus, ii. 42, 717.
Jebus, li. 43.
juanita, ii. 19.
Juicha, 11. 37.
keila, ii. 50, 718.
ketla, ii. 51.
—— lampetia, ii. 83.
—— laothoé, ii. 25.
laothoé, ii. 29.
latagus, ii. 58.
latretilit, 11. 11.
lausus, ii. 54.
lebena, ii. 99, 100.
leda, ii. 90.
legytha, ii. 79.
leucania, i1. 33.
—— leucogyna, ii. 31, 32.
—— leucopheus, ii. 53.
—— ligurina, ii. 44, 717.

779

Thecla lincus, ii. 32, 33.
lisus, ii. 17.

lollia, ii. 85, 720.
lollia, ii. 86.

—— longula, ii. 35.
—— lucagus, ii. 86, 720.
—— lugubris, ii. 72, 73.
—— lyde, ii. 44, 717.
—— macaria, ii. 50.
—— meonis, il. 70.

* —__ meevia, ii. 89.

—— m-album, ii. 40, 716.
—— m-album, ii. 97.
—— marsyas, ii. 15.
—— marsyas, ii. 16.
—— mathewi, ii. 90, 721.
—— matho, ii. 80.
mavors, ii. 18.
mavors, li. 4.

—— mecrida, ii. 62.
—— melinus, ii. 92, 721.
—— meton, i. 37, 716.
—— milto, ii. 83.

—— mimas, ii. 81.
—— minthe, ii. 60.
—— minyia, ii. 39.
—— miranda, ii. 99.
——— monica, ii, 16.
——— mulucha, 1. 95.
—— mulucha, ii. 96.
—— munatia, ii. 58.
—— mycon, ii. 46, 717.
—— mycon, ii. 76.
—— myron, ii. 82.
—— myrsina, ii. 67.
—— myrsina, ii. 68.
—— myrtusa, ii. 57.
—— neora, ii, 24.

—— neora, ii. 25.
nepia, li. 16, 713.
nepia, ii. 17.
ninus, li. 717, 718.
niszee, i. 67.
nitetis, li. 74, 719.
nobilis, ii. 12.
—— norax, li. 59.
norax, ii. 60.
nortia, 11. 76.
oakesi, ii. 13.

—— oceia, ii. 25.
ochus, ii. 55, 718.
ocrisia, ii. 49, 718.
—— odinus, ii. 70.
ophelia, ii, 39.
—— oppia, ii. 56.
orasus, ii. 59, 718.
orcidia, ii. 67, 719.

780

Theela orcynia, ii. 64, 719.
orcynta, ii. 50, 51, 65.
oreala, ii. 66.
—— orgia, ii. 40.
—— origo, ii. 73.

orios, ii. 51.

orobia, ii. 61.
—— orses, li. 43.
—— ortalus, ii. 52.
—— ortygnus, ii. 41, 717.
—— pactya, i. 67.
—— petus, ii. 87, 720.
—— palegon, ii. 37, 716.
panchea, ii. 56.
paphia, ii. 18, 14.
—— paphlagon, ii. 55, 56.
—— paralus, ii. 69.
parasia, ii. 50, 51.
paron, ii. 70.
paron, ii. 71.
—— parthenia, ii. 29, 715.
pastor, ii. 34, 716.
—— pelion, ii. 56.
perpenna, ii. 27.
perpenna, ii. 26.
—— petelina, ii. 28.
—— petilla, ii. 47.
—— phea, ii. 32.
—— phea, ii. 31.
—— phenna, ii. 31.
—— phenna, ii. 715.
—— phaleros, ii. 22.
—— phaleros, ii. 23. |
—— phobe, ii. 47, 717.
—— pheenissa, ii. 42.
— phrutus, ii. 88, 721.
pion, ii. 56, 718.
pion, ii, 4.
pisis, li. 84.
—— pisis, ii. 85.
—— plusios, ii. 77.
polibetes, ii. 41, 716.
poltbetes, ii, 40.
polybe, ii. 19, 714.
polybe, ii. 22.
praxis, ii. 52.
primno, ii. 47.
proba, ii. 64.
—— puppius, ii. 84.
quaderna, ii. 60, 718.
—— quercus, li. 9.
regalis, ii. 12, 713.
regalts, ii. 1, 10, 12.
remus, 11, 38.
—— rhodope, ii. 48.
—— rufo-fusca, ii. 91, 721.
rustan, ii. 50.

INDEX.

Thecla salona, ii. 96.
satyrotdes, ii. 11.
—— schausi, 11. 98, 722.
schausi, ii. 99.
scopas, 1i. 89.

—— sedecia, ii. 94.
semones, ii. 98, 722.
—— serapio, li. 93.
sergius, ii. 71.
—— sesara, ii. 722.
sesara, ii. 90.
sethon, ii. 77, 720.
sicheus, ii. 57.
stlumena, li. 24.

simethis, ii. 82.
sista, ii, 39.

sito, ii. 31, 715.
stto, li. 32.

—— spinetorum, ii. 717.
spini, ii. 9.

stagira, ii. 52.
stagira, ii. 48, 53.
—— syedra, ii. 57.

—— syllis, ii. 92.

syncellus, ii, 2, 55.
tabena, ii. 68.
tabena, ii. 69.

—— talayra, ii, 36, 716.
—— tamos, ii. 79.
tamos, ii. 80.
tanais, ii, 62.

—— tarpa, ii. 68.

telea, ii. 82, 720.
—— telemus, ii. 14.
tema, ii. 71.
temathea, ii. 11.
temesa, ii. 45, 717.
—— temesa, ii. 36.

—— tera, ii. 86.
terentia, ii. 48.
teresina, ii. 10.
teucria, ii. 83.
—— thales, ii. 49.

—— thalesa, ii. 49.

—— thama, ii. 74.

—— thara, ii. 31.

—— theia, ii. 29.

—— thoana, ii. 438.
tiassa, ii. 52.
togarna, 11. 32, 716.
togarna, ii. 83.
tolmides, ii. 27.
torfrida, ii. 23.
—— trebula, ii. 84, 720.

simeethis, ii. 81, 720.

syncellus, ii. 54, 718.

tephreeus, ii. 51, 718.

Thecla trebula, 11. 86.
tuneta, ii. 14.

—— tympania, ii. 61, 62.
—— una, ti, 89.

—— undulata, ii. 26, 27.
velina, ii. 47,
vespasianus, ii, 79.
vesulus, ii. 84.
—— vibidia, ii. 44.
vibidia, ii. 98.
viridicans, ii. 25, 26.
voltinia, ii. 44.
volupia, ii. 58, 718.
xami, ii. 48, 717.
——— xeneta, ii. 73.
zeneta, ii. 74,
yojoa, ii, 95, 721.
yojoa, li. 96.

—— xzigira, ii. 64.

zilda, ii. 88.

—— z0e, ii. 41.

zora, ii. 49.
THECLOPSIs, ii. 99.
Theclopsis, ii. 2, 3.
ceus, ii. 101.

ceus, ii. 99.

——— demea, ii. 100.
demea, ii. 99, 101.
lebena, ii. 99.
THEMESION, ii. 614.
Themesion, ii. 618.
certima, ii. 615.
certima, ii. 614.
orbius, ii. 615.
Themone, i. 398, 399.
THEOPE, i, 480; ii. 710.
Theope, ii. 711.
aureocincta, i. 482.
—— bacenis, ii. 712.
—— barea, i. 482.
basilea, i. 485,
——— cenina, i. 482,
cratylus, 1. 484.
—— decorata, i. 485.
diores, ii. 711.
discus, 1. 485.
eleutho, ii. 712.
eudocia, i. 481.
—— eupolis, ii, 711.
folia, i. 483.

—— herta, i. 483.

—— hypoxanthe, i. 482; ii. 710.

——- isia, i. 482.
asta, ii. 710.
—— janus, i. 485.
——— mania, ii. 712.
—— matuta, ii. 712,

Theope pedias, i. 482; 11. 710.

publius, i. 484.

——- talna, ii. 711.

thebais, ii. 712.

——— theutis, i. 483.

—— thootes, i. 483.

virgilius, i, 484; ii. 711.

virgelius, i. 480.

THEOREMA, li. 7.

Theorema, ii. 8.

eumenia, ti. 8.

titania, ii. 8.

Theritas cypria, ii. 13.

mavors, ii. 18.

venus, li. 13.

THESPIEUS, il. 519.

Thespieus, ii. 518, 521.

dalmani, ii. 520.

dalmani, ii. 521.

—— macareus, ii. 520.

—— macareus, i. 522.

—— opigena, li, 621.

ovinia, ii. 521.

Thessalia, i. 191.

THoon, ii, 529.

—— modius, ii. 529.

—— modius, ii. 530.

—— taxes, ii. 530.

THORYBES, ii. 334.

Thorybes, ii. 335, 336.

bathyllus, ii. 334, 336.

mexicanus, ii. 334.

—-— nevada, ii, 334.

—— pylades, ii. 334, 386.

THRACIDES, ii. 623.

Thracides, ii. 463, 617, 621, 627,
630, 634.

—— epitus, ii. 608.

aletes, ii. 548, 549.

"—— aroma, ii. 626.

aurifer, 11, 626.

aurtfer, li. 628, 627.

—— brescia, ii. 625.

chiomara, ii. 629,

cincia, ii. 625.

deceptus, ii. 624,

henricus, ii. 626.

—— longirostris, ii. 628.

longirostris, ii. 623, 629.

luda, ii. 625.

melius, ii. 580, 532.

molion, ii. 625.

: molion, ii. 624.

—— phidon, ii. 624.

—— phidon, ii. 621, 623, 625, 626.

—— placens, ii. 627.

—— polles, ii. 627.

INDEX,

Thracides salius, ii. 628.

salius, ti. 629.

seron, ii. 625.

seron, ii. 626,

xanthura, ii. 630.

Threnodes, i. 183, 390.

THYMELE, il. 311, 735.

Thymele, ii. 805, 317, 827, 345.

albimargo, ii. 274.

aulestes, 11. 315, 735.

aulestes, 11. 310, 316,

cassander, ii. 306.

—— chrysorrhea, it. 315.

domingo, ii, 731.

egregius, 11. 314.

—— eniopeus, i. 312.

enotrus, ii. 312.

——. enotrus, ii. 318.

eudemus, ii. 310.

euphronius, ii. 303.

—— fulgerator, ii. 311, 735.

—— fulgerator, ii. 312, 318, 315,
345, 346, 635.

fulviluna, ii. 313.

Sulviluna, ii, 312.

gallius, ii. 315.

gallius, ii. 306.

—— grullus, ii. 308.

—— mephitis, ii. 313.

metophis, li. 731.

montezuma, ii. 636, 732.

naros, ii, 313.

—— phalecus, 11. 314.

—— phalecus, ii. 315.

—— phrynicus, ii. 735.

—— polias, ii, 735.

—— protillus, ii, 731.

—— simplictus, ii, 271.

sumichrastt, i, 272, 733.

viridans, ti. 327,

vitreus, ii. 686, 733.

THYMELICUS, ii. 479.

Thymelicus, ii. 462, 478, 480, 482, 483.

—— etna, ii. 481, 482.

arene, it. 472.

athenion, ii. 481.

athenion, i. 480.

bicolor, ii. 569, 597.

brettus, 1i. 480, 481.

—— hyla.r, ii. 470.

isidorus, ii, 637.

nanus, ii. 478.

—— powesheik, ii. 469.

—— puer, ii, 471.

pustula, ii. 482.

—— stigma, ii. 481.

—— vibex, ii. 480.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1901.

781

Thymelicus vibex, ii. 479, 481, 483.
vitellius, ii. 492.

waco, il. 473.

Thymetes aidea, i. 338.
Tuyripta, i. 16; ii. 642.
Thyridia, i. 17.

@desia, i. 17, 18.

mmo, 1. 17.

——— melantho, i. 17; ii. 642,
melantho, i. 18.

—— themisto, i. 16, 17.
Tr@asis, i. 544.

zalates, il. 544.
TIMETES, i. 282; ii. 690.
Timetes, i. 214, 279, 283, 288, 289.
alcibiades, i. 287.
alcibiades, i. 288.

—— herania, i. 286; ii. 691.
berania, i, 283, 287.
——— chiron, 1. 288; ii. 691.
chiron, i, 214, 2838, 287;
ii. 690.

coresia, i. 289; ii. 691.
—— coresia, i. 283; ii. 690.
—— corinna, i, 288, 284, 285.
—— corita, i. 285.

—— corita, i. 286.

—— egina, i. 288.

—— funestis, i. 290.
harmonia, 1. 286; 13. 690.
harmonia, i. 288.
heraldicus, 1. 290.

—— hermione, i. 290.

iole, i. 289; ii. 691.
tole, i. 290.

livius, i. 287, 288.
marcella, i. 284.

—— marcella, i. 285.
merops, i. 288 ; ii. 691.
merops, 1. 282, 283. .
napo, i, 284.

peleus, i. 283.

peleus, i. 284; ii. 69€.
petreus, i. 283; 11. B90.
—— phiale, i. 286.

~—— theonis, 1. 285.

valetta, i. 285.
TIMOCHARES, ii. 417.
Timochares, ii. 418.
ruptifasciatus, 11. 418.
ruptifasciatus, ii. 417.
trifasciatus, ii. 417.
trifasciatus, ii. 418,
TIMOCHREON, ii. 439.
Timochreon, ii. 440.

satyrus, ii. 439.
TiRyYNTHIA, ii. 5238.

782

Tirynthia conflua, ii. 524.
TIs1a8, ii. 618.

—— myna, ii. 614.

—— myna, ii. 615.
quadratus, ii. 614.
TisIPHONE, i. 71; ii. 651.
Tisiphone, i. 72.

hercyna, i. 72 ; ii. 651.
—— hercyna, 1. 71.

—— maculata, i. 72; ii. 651.
TITHOREA, i. 9; ii. 640.
Tithorea, i. 10, 148, 149; i. 178.
duenna, i. 9; ii. 640.
—— duenna, i. 10, 148.

—— furea, var. salvadoris, ii. 641,

harmonia, i. 12.
hecalesina, i. 10, 12.

—— helicaon, i. 10; ii. 640.
—— helicaon, i. 11; ii. 180.
hippothous, i. 11; ii. 640.
hippothous, ii. 641.

—— irene, i. 11.

arene, i. 10, 12.

—— monosticta, ii. 640.
pinthias, i. 10.

salvadoris, ii. 641.
tarricina, i. 10, 11.
—— umbratilis, i. 11, 12.
‘TMETOGLENE, i. 403.
T'metoglene, i. 404.
dinora, i. 403.
dinora, 1. 404.
—— dodone, i. 404,
dodone, i. 408.
adrymo, 1. 404.
esthema, i. 404.
esthema, i. 408.
Tmolus basahides, ii. 93.
charichlorus, ii. 78.
—— crolinus, ii. 63.
—— denarius, ii. 77.
eurytulus, ii. 96.
—— halciones, ii. 61, 62.
invisus, i. 95.
asobeon, ii. 74.
vespasianus, il. 78.
Trigidia acesta, i. 264.
TuRESIs, ii. 616.
Turests, ii. 613.

lucasi, ii. 616.
lucas?, ii. 617.

—— theste, ii. 617.
——— theste, ii. 616.
Tymetes, i. 282.

merops, i. 288.
TYPHEDANUS, ii. 341, 738.
Typhedanus, ii. 388, 342, 349.

pinthias, i. 149, 188 ; ii. 640.

INDEX.

Typhedanus alladius, ii. 342, 738.

alladius, ii. 306, 315.
—— umber, ii, 341.
zephus, ii. 841.

Udranomia, ii. 346.

ambla, ii. 361.

Uraneis, i. 452.

Urbanus cautus trycus, ii. 387.
fortis dorantes, ii. 272.
proteus, ii. 277.
Juvenis niveus, ii, 445, 446.
—— mys, li. 462, 488.

vetus crosus, ii. 411.
phalenoides, ii. 423.
thraso, ii. 405.
vigilans mys, ii. 485.

VACERRA, li. 521.
Vacerra, ii. 628.

canente, ii. 523.
eanente, ii. 521.
egla, ii. 522.

egla, ii. 521, 523.
lachares, ii. 523.
lachares, 11. 521.
litana, ii. 522.
litana, ii. 521, 523.
VANESSA, i. 214; ii, 682.
Vanessa, i. 216.

antiopa, i. 215; ii, 682.
antiopa, 1. 216.
atalanta, i. 219.
— calybe, ii. 684.
carduz, i, 217.
c-aureum, ii, 623.
charie, i. 219.

—— cyanomelas, i. 215,
dione, i. 214.
epuphus, i. 231.
urtice, i. 215.
VEHILIUS, ii. 570.
illudens, ii. 570.
illudens, ii. 571.
—— venosus, ii. 571.
VETTIUS, ii. 589.
lafresnayi, ii. 590.
lafresnay?, ii. 591.
—— phyllus, ii. 590.
—— phyllus, ii. 591.
—— triangularis, ii. 591.
VICTORINA, i. 279.
Victorina, i. 280, 281.
aphrodite, i. 282.
—— epaphus, i. 279.
stelenes, i, 280.
stelenes, 1. 279.
steneles, i. 166, 280, 281.

Victorina sulpitia, 1. 166.
superba, i. 279,
trayja, i. 279, 282.
Vinivus, ii. 580.

Vinius, ii. 506, 579.
artgnote, ii. 580, 581.
———— nicomedes, ii. 580.
—— sagitta, ii. 581.
—— sagitta, ii. 580,
VoraTEs, ii. 577.
decorus, ii. 577.
decorus, ii, 578.
—— sapala, ii. 578.
sapala, ii. 577.

XAanthidia jucunda, ii. 168.
lisa, ii. 162.
Aenandra, i. 408.
XENIADES, ii. 517.
Xeniades, ii. 516.
chalestra, ii. 517, 518.
— orchamus, ii. 517.
—— pteras, ii, 518.

—— pteras, ii. 517.
XENOPHANES, ii. 387.
ruatanensis, ii. 388.
tryxus, ii, 387.

—— tryxus, ii. 388,

YANGUNA, li. 258.
cosyra, ii. 258.
crida, ii. 259.
ertda, ii, 258.
spatiosa, li. 258,

ZARIASPES, ii. 485.
Zartaspes, ii. 462, 581.
mys, ii. 485,
mys, li. 486, 582.
mythecus, ii, 480.
Leloted, i, 415.
Zemeros, i. 362.
ZENIS, ii. 588.

minos, ii. 589.
ZEONIA, i. 388.
Zeonta, i. 389.
amazona, i. 389.
bogota, i. 389.
bogota, i. 390.
corineus, i, 389.
Zerene cesonia, ii. 153.
ZOPYRION, ii. 440,
Zopyrion, ti. 636.
evenor, ii. 440, 638.
sandace, ii. 440.
—— satyrina, ii, 440.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

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Full text of "Biologia Centrali-Americana : zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin."

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